1.

Anemia at the diseases of kidneys is conditioned

2. Appearance of what pathological component in urine testifies to the increase permeability of glomerular
membrane?

3. In a patient with kidney insufficiency is decrease of clearance on inulin to 60 ml/min. What function of
kidneys is disordered?

4. Index which characterizes the decrease of glomerular filtration, is

5. Resorption of sodium ions in kidney tubule occur in the use of salt water. What compensatory changes of
hormones secretion will arise in that?

6. The changes in kidneys at the glomerulonephritis as a result of damage basic membrane

7. There is disorder of excretory kidneys function - oligo-anuria in the ІІ stage of acute kidney insufficiency.
Specify the main characterized index of this phenomenon?

8. There is proteinuria as a result of kidney illness. What the most likely mechanism of this phenomenon?

9. What from pathogenetic factors is main in the mechanism of edema development at a nephrotic syndrome?

10. What origin albumen, the most likely at selective proteinuria of intensity 11 g/day?

11. What quantitative changes of diuresis result in uremia:

12. What type disorder of general blood volume will develop in a patient at the decrease of kidney excretory
function?

13. A patient with renal pathology developed massive proteinuria, edema, hypoproteinaemia, retention
hyperlipidaemia. What is the designation of this pathological process?

14. In a patient with chronic renal pathology Zymnytsky’s test found the loss of kidneys osmotic concentration
function. What changes in urination will occur at this pathology?

15. In a patient due to nephron tubular pathology Zymnytsky’s test revealed the loss of kidneys osmotic
concentration function. What is the designation of this pathological changes?

16. As result of poisoning with sublimatum a patient has developed damage to kidneys with the appearance of
glycosuria and proteinuria. Which part of the nephron has sustained the largest injury with this pathological
process?

17. As result of poisoning with sublimatum a patient has sustained destruction of nephrons with the loss of
substances with large molecular mass with urine. What is the designation of this pathological changes?

18. In a patient with multiple myeloma a protein was determined in urine. Which form of proteinuria has place
in this patient?

19. A 35-year-old female complains of pain in her lower back. Laboratory analysis found in urine: protein - 5
g/l, erythrocytes - 2-3 in the sight field, leukocytes - 20-30 in the sight field. Bacterial culturing found
Escherichia coli. What disease are these changes characteristic of?

20. A 58-year-old patient was admitted to hospital with acute heart failure. He was found to have reduced daily
 urination volume (oliguria). What factors might have caused this phenomenon?
21. A 30-year-old male, who was admitted to the clinic with the diagnosis of acute hlomerulonephritis,
developed proteinuria. What disorder has caused this pathology?

22. 2 weeks after the sore throat a 5-year-old child developed acute diffuse glomerulonephritis, which was
characterized by oliguria, proteinuria, haematuria, hyperazotaemia, arterial hypertension, and edema.
Abnormality of which renal function is the most significant in the development of these disorders?

23. A patient complains of constant thirst, headache, weakness, massive urination (up to 10 l/day). The patient
admitted that he sustained head injury. Specific weight of urine is 1008; pathological elements are absent.
What is the most feasible mechanism for the development of water-electrolyte exchange disorder in this
case?

24. After massive blood loss a patient is marked for oliguria, hyperazotaemia, brain and pulmonary oedema.
What mechanism is the most important in reducing diuresis in this case?

25. As a result of failure of safety rules observance a mechanicianin has sustained poisoning with sublimatum
(mercury chloride). After 2 days the patient’s daily diuresis became 620 ml. Headache, vomiting, cramps,
shortness of breath, and moist crepitation in the lungs developed in the patient. What is the designation of
such a renal dysfunction?

26. A 38-year-old patient at the 3rd year of the disease with systemic lupus erythematosus developed diffuse
lesions of the kidneys accompanied by massive swellings, pronounced proteinuria, hyperlipidaemia,
dysproteinaemia. What is the most likely mechanism of proteinuria in this clinical situation?

27. A 27 year-old man was admitted to the hospital in a critical condition with profuse gastric bleeding. Arterial
pressure is 80/60 mmHg, daily diuresis of the patient constitutes 60 -80 ml with specific weight 1028-1036.
Increased levels of urine nitrogen, urea, and creatine are found in the blood serum. What is the most likely
pathogenetic mechanism that led to the reduction of daily diuresis in this clinical situation?

28. Alkiline erythrocytes have been identified in the patient’s daily urine. Which renal pathology is the found
symptom characteristic to?

29. Different abnormal substances appear in the urine with a renal pathology. Emergence of which pathological
substances in urine confirms the increased glomerular membrane permeability?

30. In a patient with acute renal failure (stage of urorrhagia) not only has azotaemia diminished, but continued
to grow. Abnormality of which renal function is it linked to?

31. During urine investigation in a patient with chronic pyelonephritis the decrease of urine specific weight to
1010 associated with increased diuresis were found. What renal function is impaired?

32. In a patient with acute renal failure at the 6th day of therapeutic activities urorrhagia appeared (daily diuresis
constituted 2.7 litres). Increase of diuresis at early stages of urorrhagic stage of acute renal failure is caused
by:

33. On the background of diabetes mellitus a 30-year-old woman developed swelling of legs and face during a
month. Examination revealed proteinuria (5.87 g/l), hypoproteinaemia, dysproteinaemia, hyperlipidaemia.
The combination of these features is characteristic of:

34. The levels of total blood protein in a patient with primary nephrotic syndrome are 40 g/l. What reason
caused hypoproteinaemia?
35. In a patient with chronic glomerulonephritis glomerular filtration rate (GFR) has decreased to 20% of the
normal rate. What causes the lowering of GFR with chronic renal failure?

36. A 55-year-old patient has been suffering from chronic glomerulonephritis for 15 years. What changes in the
blood or urine suggest most of the limitation of the kidneys filtration function?

37. A patient has been diagnosed with renal diabetes mellitus (renal glycosuria). When setting the diagnosis a
doctor hung upon:

38. In a 18-year-old man laboratory examination revealed glucose in urine at its normal concentrations in
plasma. The most likely reason for this condition is the disorder of:

39. A patient developed diabetes insipidus after acute stroke with damage to hypothalamus nuclei. What is the
cause of increased urination in this patient?

40. A 50-year-old man complains of thirst and marked urorrhagia. Levels of blood glucose 4.8 mmol/l; ketone
bodies and glucose in urine are absent; urine is colourless, specific weight - 1.002. What is the reason of
urorrhagia in the patient?

41. Diabetic nephropathy with uremia has developed in a patient with pancreatic diabetes. The velocity of
glomerular filtration is 9 ml/min. What mechanism of a decrease in glomerular filtration velocity and
chronic renal failure development is most likely in the case of this patient?

42. As a result of continuous starvation the glomerular filtration rate has increased by 20%. The most probable
cause of the glomerular filtration alteration under the mentioned conditions is:

43. A patient with massive burns developed acute renal insufficiency characterized by a significant and rapid
deceleration of glomerular filtration. What is the mechanism of its development?

44. A 38-year-old male patient has been ill with systemic lupus erythematosus for three years. He was
diagnosed with diffuse renal affection accompanied by massive edema and expressive proteinuria. What is
the most likely cause of proteinuria development?

45. The cause of anuria in the course of suprarenal acute renal failure is:

46. Anaemia often develops in the course of renal failure. Its reason is:

47. A child has an acute renal failure. What biochemical factor found in saliva can confirm this diagnosis?

48. A patient with a history of chronic glomerulonephritis presents with azotemia, oliguria, hypo- and
isosthenuria, proteinuria. What is the leading factor in the pathogenesis of these symptoms development
under chronic renal failure?

49. Due to the use of poor-quality measles vaccine for preventive vaccination, a 1-year-old child developed an
autoimmune renal injury. The urine was found to contain macromolecular proteins. What process of urine
formation was disturbed?

50. A man presents with glomerular filtration rate of 180 ml/min., while norm is 125±25 ml/min. The likely
cause of it is the decreased:

51. Urine analysis has shown high levels of protein and erythrocytes in urine. This can be caused by the
following:
52. Due to the use of poor-quality measles vaccine for preventive vaccination, a 1- year-old child developed an
autoimmune renal injury. The urine was found to contain macromolecular proteins. What process of urine
formation was disturbed?

53. Poisoning caused by mercury (II) chloride (corrosive sublimate) occurred in the result of safety rules
violation. In 2 days the patient’s diurnal diuresis became 620 ml. The patient developed headache,
vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea; moist crackles are observed in the lungs. Name this pathology

54. A 38-year-old man, who has been suffering from systemic lupus erythematosus for 3 years, developed
diffuse renal lesions accompanied by massive edemas, marked proteinuria, hyperlipidemia, and
dysproteinemia. What is the most likely mechanism of proteinuria development in this case?

55. Poisoning caused by mercury (II) chloride (corrosive sublimate) occurred in the result of safety rules
violation. In 2 days the patient’s diurnal diuresis was 620 ml. The patient developed headache, vomiting,
convulsions, dyspnea; moist crackles were observed in the lungs. Name this pathology:

56. Poisoning caused by mercury (II) chloride (corrosive sublimate) occurred in the result of safety rules
violation. In 2 days the patient’s diurnal diuresis became 620 ml. The patient developed headache,
vomiting, convulsions, dyspnea; moist crackles are observed in the lungs. Name this pathology:

57. 14 days after quinsy a 15-year-old child presented with morning facial swelling, high blood pressure, "meat
slops"urine. Immunohistological study of a renal biopsy sample revealed deposition of immune complexes
on the basement membranes of the capillaries and in the glomerular mesangium. What disease developed in
the patient?

58. A patient with constant headaches, pain in the occipital region, tinnitus, dizziness has been admitted to the
cardiology department. Objectively: AP- 180/110 mm Hg, heart rate - 95/min. Radiographically, there is a
stenosis of one of the renal arteries. Hypertensive condition in this patient has been caused by the activation
of the following system: