Resource Guide Material Handling

Casters and Ball Transfers Hoist Rings and Eye Bolts
Chains, Cables, Slings and Rollers and Bumpers

Material Handling Accessories Vacuum Cups and Lifters
Material Handling
Lifting Points 44
CONTENTS Material Lifting Devices 46
Reid Supply Resource Guides 1 Lifting Solution Attributes 48
Purpose of This Resource Guide 1 Packaging Solutions 51
Disclaimer 1
Protection Solutions 51
Terminology 2
Protection Solution Attributes 53
Safety 2
Roller Solutions 54
Design Considerations 2
Roller Attributes 56
Capacity 2
Storage Solutions 56
Government Regulations 3
Storage Solution Attributes 58
Using Casters 4
Cable and Chain Considerations 5 Transport Solutions 60
Cable Construction (Wire Rope) 5 Skid vs. Pallet 60
Basic Cable Constructions 6 Cart Transport Solutions 61
Using Wire Rope Clips 6 Drum Transport Solutions 61
Cable Assembly Tips 7
Miscellaneous Transport Solutions 63
Chain Considerations 7
Truck Transport Solutions 66
General Guidelines and Precautions 9
Hoist Ring Use 10 Transport Solution Attributes 67
Slings 11 Custom Products 69
OSHA Sling Guidelines 12
Summary 69
Selecting the Correct System or Component 13 For More Information 70
Material Selection 13
Glossary 71
Bumper Solutions 16
References 72
Bumper Attributes 17
Notes 72
Casters 17
Caster Styles 17
Caster Attributes 20
Caster Capacity 20
Caster Wheel Bearings 21
Caster Frame Styles 22
Caster Top Plate 24
Caster Stem 26
Caster Wheels 26
Floor or Platform vs. Wheel 26
Wheel Size 27
Cable and Chain Solutions 31
Chain Sling Types 31
Cable Selection 32
Pulley Selection 32
Cable Factor 33
Cable Selection Procedure 34
How Pulley Size Affects Cable Strength 35
DATA ON STRETCH OF CABLE AND STRAND 35
Constructional Stretch 36
Elastic Stretch 36
Removal of Stretch 36
Cable Accessories 36
Chain 37
Lifting Chain and Cable Attachments 38
Pulling, Securing and Suspending Attachments 41
Lifting Solutions 43
Drum Lifts 43
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Accessories Vacuum Cups and Lifters Material Handling
Material Handling
Table 39: Truck Transport System Attributes 66

LIST OF TABLES Table 40: Transport System Attributes 67
Table 1: Standards for Materials Handling and Storage 3
Table 41: Recommended Documentation and Reference Manuals. 70
Table 2: Sample Caster Applications 5
Table 42: Reference Manual Content Relative to This Guide. 70
Table 3A: Typical Welded Steel Chain Specifications 7
Table 3B: Typical Welded Stainless Steel Chain Specifications 9
Table 4: Materials Used for Material Handling Components 13
LIST OF FIGURES
Table 5: Material Specifications - Plastics 14
Figure 1: Wire Rope Construction 6
Table 6: Material Specifications - Elastomers 15
Figure 2: Wire Rope Clip Application 7
Table 7: Bumper Styles 16
Figure 3: Typical Sling Components (Quadruple Sling) 11
Table 8: Bumper Attributes 17
Figure 4: Hardness Scales 14
Table 9: Caster Styles 18
Figure 5: Double Row Swivel Race 22
Table 10: Caster Capacity Ratings (Duty) 21
Figure 6: Kingpinless Swivel Race 22
Table 11: Caster Wheel Bearing Types 21
Figure 7: Single Branch Chain Sling Types 31
Table 12: Caster Frame Types 22
Figure 8: Other Chain Sling Types 32
Table 13: Caster Top Plates 24
Figure 9: Cable Life Cycle Chart 33
Table 14: Caster Stem Types 26
Figure 10: Elastic Stretch Characteristics of Sava Cable 35
Table 15: Wheel Material Comparisons 27
Figure 11: Round and Eye-Eye Sling Configurations 49
Table 16: Caster Wheel Types 28
Figure 12: Skid vs. Pallet 60
Table 17: Mechanical vs. Welded Slings 31
Table 18: Recommended Minimum Pulley Diameter Factor (PF ) 32
Table 19: Pulley vs. Cable Strength. 35
Table 20: Cable Accessories 36
Table 21: Chain Styles 37
LIST OF EQUATIONS
Table 22: Chain & Cable Attachments 39
Eq. 1: Calculating Hoist Ring Force 10
Table 23: Non-Lifting Chain & Cable Attachments 41
Eq. 2: Calculating Caster Capacity. 20
Table 24: Drum Lifts 43
Eq. 3: Calculating Optimal Pulley Root Diameter 32
Table 25: Lifting Points 44
Eq. 4: Calculating Cable Factor (CF ) 33
Table 26: Material Lifting Devices 46
Eq. 5: Estimating Cable Diameter (CD ) 34
Table 27: Material Lifting Device Attributes 48
Eq. 6: Calculating SWL 71
Table 28: Material Packaging Device Styles 51
Table 29: Material Protection Device Styles 51
Table 30: Material Protection Device Attributes 53
Table 31: Metal Roller Styles 54
Table 32: Rubber Roller Styles 55
Table 33: Roller and Bumper Attributes 56
Table 34: Material Storage System Styles 56
Table 35: Material Storage System Attributes 58
Table 36: Transport System Attributes 61
Table 37: Transport System Attributes 61
Table 38: Transport System Styles 63
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Material Handling
In our continuous effort to improve our offerings and meet customer needs, simplify effort and provide
REID SUPPLY solutions, Reid Supply has separated our products into 12 easy-to-identify categories:
RESOURCE GUIDES
Manual Controls - Blue
Clamps and Workholding - Red
Tooling Components - Gold
Fasteners and Hardware - Blue Green
Leveling Devices and Vibration Control - Orange
Material Handling - Purple
Bearings and Power Transmission - Blue Gray
Metalworking - Brown
Maintenance, Repair and Operations - Aqua
Pneumatics and Hydraulics - Dark Red
Structural Systems - Yellow Green
Safety - Orange Yellow
Material Handling is the sixth of a series of Resource Guides relative to each of 12 categories. Each
Resource Guide will include detailed application information, data and references to help our customers
select the best product for their intended application.
Reid Supply welcomes your feedback and comments on any aspect of these Resource Guides. Please
contact Customer Service at the number listed below or email us at mail@ReidSupply.com.
Purpose of This The purpose of this manual is to aid customers in the proper selection of products in the
Material Handling category of Reid Supply product offerings. It is not intended to be a how-to manual.
Resource Guide However, much of the information presented is relative to the selection and proper use of the products
referenced. The information included in this Resource Guide extends beyond the catalog to provide
details, tables, charts and other information to further assist engineers, designers, users and others in
selecting the best parts for their Material Handling needs.
Tables include material and usage information, and allow quick comparison. Professional standards
and government safety regulations improve application design and performance. Product pros and
cons allow customers to compare products relative to application specifications. Links send the reader
directly to related information or online catalog searches relative to the products listed.
NOTE: References used are listed at the end of this manual and referred to by number, e.g. [3], in the
text. References to text books and other documentation sold by Reid Supply are also referred
to by number, e.g. {5}, as listed in Table 41 at the end of this manual.
Disclaimer It should be noted that this Resource Guide is for reference only. The information provided is
intended to assist in the selection of products sold by Reid Supply and its vendors. As Reid Supply and
its vendors are not typically aware of or possess any expertise in the systems or processes for which
products are to be applied, we cannot accept any responsibility or liability for the outcome thereof.
Furthermore, with new and old technologies continually expanding and changing, it is impossible
to address all systems, processes and applications for which Reid Supply products are purchased.
Reid Supply also has little control over materials and processes from which our products are produced.
In addition, due to the nature of some materials; colors, textures, shapes and sizes may lack
consistency.
Products sold by Reid Supply are sold with the understanding that the purchaser is thoroughly familiar
with the safe and proper use and application of the product. Responsibility for the use and application
of the products rests with the user. Failure of the product can occur due to misapplication, abuse,
intentional alteration or improper maintenance.
WARNING: Improper application, use, or operation of Material Handling systems and components can cause
damage to equipment, destruction of transported material, personal injury or death. Where applicable,
800.253.0421 ReidSupply.com 1
Material Handling
statements are included in this document to stress the importance of safety as it applies to the design,
application, use and/or operation of Material Handling systems and components.
Specifications for Material Handling products apply at the time of purchase only. Application and use,
proper or improper, can change the characteristics of the Material Handling system and its components.
The user is solely responsible for any recommended or mandatory maintenance and inspection of these
products, documented or undocumented, by the vendor, professional organization, or governmental
body relative to the Material Handling system or component purchased. Furthermore, the user shall be
solely responsible for the safe operation and use of all products purchased by Reid Supply.
Reid Supply reserves the right to modify, update and otherwise maintain this document and its content.
Terminology Some terms used to define products may be vendor and product specific. To avoid confusion, a
glossary of these terms used in this document has been included at the end of the manual.
As Reid Supply purchases its products from several vendors, it is sometimes difficult to sort and
categorize these differences. If you find yourself confused by terminology in the catalog or this
document, try shopping online using the web site listed below or contact Customer Service at the
number listed below or email us at mail@ReidSupply.com.
WARNING: The chains and attachments shown in this catalog with the NO LIFTING SIGNS are designed for general
purpose applications and are not to be used for lifting or hoisting purpose or where chain failure is likely
to cause injury to persons or damage to property.
Where it applies, the use of the OSHA and ANSI injury triangle, black triangle with an exclamation
point in the center shown in the above warning statement, shall be used. This triangle emphasizes the
potential for personal injury or death in all circumstances for which it may apply.
Safety Most all Material Handling systems and components are potentially hazardous at some level.
Common sense, knowledge, experience and safe operating practices should be exercised during
Material Handling. If in doubt and safety guidelines are not included with your purchase, contact Reid
Customer Service and the proper documentation or other information will be provided. Safety seminars
are also available for some products.
Many Material Handling products are preassembled or require some assembly prior to use. In this
DESIGN case design considerations are not in designing of the products, but in designing the space where the
CONSIDERATIONS products are to be used or applied. Prior to purchase:
• Most of these products are used in the handling and transportation of goods. Review specifications
to ensure they are large enough and strong enough to support the intended load.
• Measure to ensure there is enough room to transport and maneuver the Material Handling system
and intended load.
As previously stated, listed product specifications apply to new and unused products. Under mechanical
stress and loads, product characteristics can change depending on the material used. Material
properties can be found in this document, online or in the references listed in Table 41.
Capacity All materials have weight. When handling or storing material, weight and size are primary
considerations. Most all products for Material Handling have a weight limit or Working Load Limit (WLL)
for lifting, supporting or transporting material. Storage systems have a maximum size and weight
capacity. Most all tables in the section for Selecting the Correct Component include maximum weight
capacity or a WLL, depending on product function.
When designing a system for lifting or supporting material, Material Handling OEM specified limits must
be factored into the design. The use of a Safety Factor (SF) can be applied to compensate for any
potential Shock Loading.
WARNING: Overloading or improper use of equipment beyond OEM specified WLL and other load limits can cause
equipment failure, damage, personal injury or death. As may be required by OSHA, other governing
bodies, company or manufacturing guidelines; regularly inspect equipment for cracks, metal fatigue, and
other defects and conditions that can degrade equipment strength and performance, and to ensure safe
operation of Material Handling equipment.
Material Handling
Government There are many government regulations for best practices and safety issues relative to
Material Handling. There are too many to list as part of this document; however, they can be found on
Regulations the Internet at www.regulations.gov. This site lists several government agencies and the regulations
governed by each. The site search engine allows filtering regulations and other public documents by
key words, agency, document type, date, etc.
Most government safety regulations are set by OSHA. Searching for the keywords “Material Handling”
produces over 580 regulations and standards on the OSHA web site. Other organizations set standards
and regulations for Material Handling equipment, systems and devices. They are listed in Table 1.
Table 1: Standards for Materials Handling and Storage
Standard1 Number1 Function

ANSI A14.1 Safety Requirements for Wood Ladders
American National
Standards Institute A14.2 Safety Requirements for Portable Metal Ladders
www.ansi.org A14.3 Safety Requirements for Fixed Ladders
A14.4 Safety Requirements for Job Made Wooden Ladders
A14.7 Mobile Ladder Stands and Mobile Ladder Stand Platforms
A14.11 Safety Requirements for Utility Step-Stools
MH-1.1.2 Pallet Definitions and Terminology
MH30.2 Safety, Performance and Testing of Portable Dock Leveling Devices
ASME MHED The Materials Handling Engineering Division concentrates on
American Society of systems engineering methods that integrate control technology,
Mechanical Engineers information technology, and material transport equipment to provide
efficient, safe and economical Material Handling.
www.asme.org
B30.1 Jacks
B30.2 Overhead and Gantry Cranes
B30.7 Base-mounted Drum Hoists
B30.9 Slings
B30.10 Hooks - Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes, Derricks, Hoists,
Hooks, Jacks, and Slings
B30.16 Overhead Hoists (Underhung)
B30.17 Overhead Gantry Cranes
B30.20 Below-the-Hook Lifting Devices
B30.21 Manually Lever Operated Hoists (Come-a-longs)
B30.23 Personnel Lifting Systems
B30.25 Scrap and Material Handlers
B30.26 Rigging Hardware – Safety Standard for Cableways, Cranes,
Derricks, Hoists, Hooks, Jacks and Slings
HST-1 Performance Standard for Electric Chain Hoists
HST-2 Performance Standard for Hand Chain Manually Operated Chain
Hoists
HST-3 Performance Standard for Manually Lever Operated Chain Hoists
Material Handling
Standard1 Number1 Function

ASTM A391/ Standard Specification for Grade 80 Alloy Steel Chain
American Society for A391M-07
Testing and Materials
A492 Specification for Stainless Steel Rope Wire
www.astm.org
A555 Stainless Steel Wire
A906/ Standard Specification for Grade 80 and Grade 100 Alloy Steel
A906M Chain Slings for Overhead Lifting
D1185-98a Standard Test Methods for Pallets and Related Structures Employed
in Materials Handling and Shipping
D6055-96 Standard Test Methods for Mechanical Handling of Unitized Loads
and Large Shipping Cases and Crates
F1145-92 Standard Specification for Turnbuckles, Swaged, Welded, Forged
DOT Dockets and Regulations listed with the US Department of
http://www.dot.gov/ Transportation (DOT) can be obtained free on the Internet.
regulations.html
ISO ICS 53 Materials Handling Equipment (.020-Lifting equipment, .040-
International Continuous lifting equipment, .060-Industrial trucks, .080-Storage
Organization for equipment, .100-Earth-moving machines, .120-Equipment for
Standardization manual handling).
www.iso.org
MIL-STD 1365 General Design Criteria for Handling Equipment Associated with
US Military Standard Weapons and Related Items
209 Interface Standard for Lifting and Tie Down Provisions for Military
Equipment
C5688 Pre-Stretching and Proof-Testing of Wire Rope Assemblies
W-83420 Wire Rope, Flexible for Aircraft Control
OSHA 1910.67 Vehicle-mounted elevating and rotating work platforms
Occupational Safety & 1910.176 Handling material - general
Health Administration
1910.184 Slings
www.OSHA.gov
1926.250 General requirements for storage
1926.251 Rigging equipment for Material Handling
1926.602 Material Handling equipment
1926.953 Material Handling
1926.1053 Ladders
NOTES: 1) Reid Supply does not design, fabricate or manufacture any of its products. The professional, safety
and standard organizations, plus related documentation listed, are for reference only and may not
be complete or up-to-date. The vendor, customer, purchaser and user is responsible for obtaining,
understanding and applying any standards, safety or otherwise relative to the application and use of all
Reid Supply products.
Using Casters Caster operation is an essential part of caster implementation. Some typical applications are listed in
Table 1. Here are some points to consider:
• Steering is effected by type of wheel, tread, and swivel. Swivel offset is a factor in ease of steering.
Too short a lead will increase steering effort, but too much lead can reduce load capacity and may
cause wobble.
• Unexpected impact load can exceed caster capacity. This is a momentary load imposed upon a
caster or wheel when a load is dropped on the equipment or when the equipment meets with an
obstruction or experiences vibration.
• Threaded kingpins can be adjusted to compensate for wear in the swivel assembly.
Material Handling
Table 2: Sample Caster Applications

Attribute Pros Cons
Three casters - two rigid, one swivel.
• Highly maneuverable triangle dolly. • Load can get unstable during turning.
• Good for light loads.
Four swivel casters.

• Responds instantly to directional change. • Needs constant attention to hold straight
• Parking is easy in limited space. line when pushing or pulling.
• Good for short distances and crowded
conditions.
Four casters - two rigid at sides and one swivel at each end.
• Highly maneuverable truck. • Teetering action during movement will
• Turns in its own length. rock load while changing from one swivel
• Truck rides on three of four casters at any to the other.
time, similar to three casters. • Powered operation is not recommended.
Four casters - two rigid at one end and two swivel at the other.
• Provides easy steering over long distances. • Less maneuverable than three caster
• Performs well with manual or powered application.
pulling at swivel end.
• Floor locks offer stability during loading and
unloading and foot operated.
Cable and Chain For reasons of safety, performance, design integrity, and operation; all company, professional and
governmental guidelines and standards must be followed when working with chain, cable or any system
Considerations and relative components. This applies to all components, equipment and systems for the purpose of
lifting or non-lifting applications where tension and other forces are applied and stored or retained. All
designers and users of these products shall be responsible for any and all applicable standards, policies
and guidelines.
This section contains useful information to assist in the proper application and use of Material Handling
products. Considerations for designing and using any products for the purpose of Lifting Means, Lifting
Points, pulling, securing, etc. or other application are for reference only. Assemblies and components
must be tested and/or inspected according to company, professional and governmental requirements.
Furthermore, any assemblies or components which fail to pass testing and/or inspection must be
replaced prior to continued use of the component or assemble therein.
Although cable and chain products are the primary focus of this section, an application may contain
other products available at Reid Supply to complete a Material Handling system. Design considerations
must be applied both individually and collectively for proper application and use of these products.
When forces exist for lifting, pulling or otherwise tensioning, any point in the system must have a WLL
capable of supporting the working load and any assemblies included between the point and the working
load. For instance, a sling assembly is a component or attachment in a lifting system. The point where
the sling is attached, must have a WLL equal to or greater than the working load and accumulated
weight of the sling and all components after the sling connection point in the direction of the working
load.
Cable Construction Strand, wire rope or cable, is a uniform helical arrangement of wires concentrically stranded together for
(Wire Rope) a variety of operating conditions. These constructions have different properties which are designed for
specific applications.
Material Handling
Figure 1: Wire Rope Construction

LAY = DISTANCE OF
ONE COMPLETE
REVOLUTION
WIRE
OF A STRAND
COATING PRE-
FORMED
STRAND
CABLE CORE OR
DIAMETER CENTER STRAND
STRAND Constructions have larger wires, increased abrasion resistance, and less flexibility. In
small sizes, they are useful as fishing lines and leaders, light guying and lanyards; in larger
sizes, as guy strand, standard rigging on boats and other applications where flexibility of
the cable is not essential.
CABLE Constructions have more wires and are consequently more flexible with less abrasion
resistance. This type of construction has applications in automotive, appliances, boating,
instrumentation, aviation, agriculture, hobbies, medicine, recreation, etc.
Basic Cable Constructions Cable construction is made up of a combination of multiple strands as shown below. Wire size is
indirectly proportional to flexibility and directly proportional to strength. Flexibility decreases as the wire
size increases while strength increases.
STRAND Two or more wires laid together – the construction is normally referred to as 1 x the
number of wires involved; i.e., 1x7, 1x19, etc.
1x7 (7 WIRES) 1x19 (19 WIRES)

This is the basic strand Stronger than 1x7 and more symmetrical
construction which is used in in configuration, affording still better
different combinations to construct properties than 1x7.
another strand or other cables. It is
somewhat stiff in larger diameters.
CABLE Three or more strands laid together – the construction is normally referred to as number of
strands x number of wires in each strand (for example–7x7–see below).
3x7 (21 WIRES) 7x7 (49 WIRES)

A combination of three 1x7 strands. A combination of seven 1x7 strands,
affording abrasion resistance and
Very flexible in small diameters. flexibility through a wide range of
diameters.
7x19 (133 WIRES) 7x49 (343 WIRES)
A combination of seven 1x19 A combination of seven 7x7 strands,
strands, producing a fine making a cable with extraordinary
combination of strength and flexibility for use over small pulleys.
flexibility in a wide range of sizes.
Using Wire Rope Clips When using Wire Rope Clips, proper installation is important for best performance and safety. For
proper installation, clips must be assembled in the order shown in Figure 2:
Material Handling
Figure 2: Wire Rope Clip Application End Sleeve
Dead-End
Live-End
2 3 1
1. U-bolt 1 must be in contact with the rope “dead-end”, as indicated. Locate saddle width from end of
rope.
2. U-bolt 2 is positioned clear of the thimble.
3. U-bolt 3 is placed half way between U-bolts 1 and 2. If more than three clips are used, space center
clips equally apart between clip 1 and 2.
NOTE: In all cases, the saddle of each clip must grip the “live-end” of the wire rope assembly as shown.
Nuts should be firmly tightened during assembly, then securely tightened when taught.
Cable Assembly Tips Some basic tips for working with cable:
• Accessories are best attached to bare wire. Cable strength can be decreased by 50% if plastic
coating is not removed.
• Shrink tubing can be used to replace removed plastic. When heated, shrink tubing shrinks tightly
around cable and fittings.
• Hot plastic dipping systems are available for reapplying the protective coating.
• NEVER use Wire Rope Clips to directly connect or patch two straight lengths.
• To prevent excess cable wear, the cable diameter must be less than the diameter of the pulley
groove and should contact more then 1/3 of the groove. This includes any protective coating.
Chain There are many uses of chain in industrial and domestic applications. They range from lifting to pulling,
Considerations to suspending to just decoration. The importance of design consideration decreases respectively.
Considerations listed in this section are for reference only and should be applied as needed for the
application. Where applicable all standards must be applied. Table 1 includes some standards needed
for designing and using chain assemblies. Table 2 lists some chain specifications set by the National
Association of Chain Manufacturers [4].
Table 3A: Typical Welded Steel Chain Specifications

Nominal Chain Size Maximum WLL2 Minimum Breaking Force3
Grade1
in mm lbs kg lbs kN
7/32 5.5 2700 1220 10800 47.6
9/32 7.0 4300 1950 17200 77.0
5/16 8.0 5700 2600 22800 102.0
100 3/8 10.0 8800 4000 35200 158.0
Alloy Chain 1/2 13.0 15000 6800 60000 268.0
5/8 16.0 22600 10300 90400 402.0
3/4 20.0 35300 16000 141200 630.0
7/8 22.0 42700 19400 170800 762.0
Material Handling

Grade1
in mm lbs kg lbs kN
7/32 5.5 2100 970 8400 38.0
9/32 7.0 3500 1570 14000 61.6
5/16 8.0 4500 2000 18000 80.6
3/8 10.0 7100 3200 28400 126.0
80 1/2 13.0 12000 5400 48000 214.0
Alloy Chain 5/8 16.0 18100 8200 72400 322.0
3/4 20.0 28300 12800 113200 504.0
7/8 22.0 34200 15500 136800 610.0
1 26.0 47700 21600 190800 850.0
1-1/4 32.0 72300 32800 289200 1288.0
1/4 7.0 3150 1430 12600 56.0
5/16 8.0 4700 2130 18800 83.6
70
Transport 3/8 10.0 6600 2990 26400 117.4
Chain 7/16 11.9 8750 3970 35000 155.4
1/2 13.0 11300 5130 45200 200.8
5/8 16.0 15800 7170 63200 280.8
3/4 20.0 24700 11200 98800 439.2
1/4 7.0 2600 1180 7800 34.6
5/16 8.0 3900 1770 11700 52.0
43 3/8 10.0 5400 2450 16200 72.0
High Test 7/16 11.9 7200 3270 21600 96.0
Chain
1/2 13.0 9200 4170 27600 122.6
5/8 16.0 13000 5910 39000 173.0
3/4 20.0 20200 9180 60600 269.4
7/8 22.0 24500 11140 73500 326.6
1/8 4.0 400 180 1600 7.2
3/16 5.5 800 365 3200 14.4
1/4 7.0 1300 580 5200 23.2
5/16 8.0 1900 860 7600 33.8
30
Proof Coil 3/8 10.0 2650 1200 10600 47.2
Chain 7/16 11.9 3700 1680 14800 65.8
1/2 13.0 4500 2030 18000 80.0
5/8 16.0 6900 3130 27600 122.6
3/4 20.0 10600 4800 42400 188.6
7/8 22.0 12800 5810 51200 228.2
1 26.0 17900 8140 71600 318.2
NOTES: 1) Values are from National Association of Chain Manufacturers specifications [4]. Only Grade 100 and 80
alloy chain is approved for lifting as indicated.
2) WLL = Working Load Limit. The values shown in this table are for reference only. Refer to Reid Supply
catalog, paper or online version for actual values; or contact Reid Customer Service.
3) Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service and design purposes. [4]
Material Handling
Table 3B: Typical Welded Stainless Steel Chain Specifications

Grade1
in mm lbs kg lbs kN
3/16 5.5 1100 499 4400 19.57
50 9/32 7.0 2200 998 8800 39.14
316L 5/16 8.0 2700 1225 10800 48.04
Lifting
Chain 3/8 10.0 4400 1996 17600 78.29
1/2 13.0 7300 3311 29200 129.89
5/32 4.0 500 227 2000 8.90
3/16 5.5 930 422 3720 16.55
40 1/4 7.0 1570 712 6280 27.93
316L 5/16 8.0 2400 1089 9600 42.70
High Test
3/8 10.0 3550 1610 14200 63.16
Chain
1/2 (7/16) 12.0 5400 2449 21600 96.08
5/8 16.0 9800 4445 39200 174.37
3/4 20.0 15000 6804 60000 266.89
1 26.0 23250 10546 73000 324.72
NOTES: 1) Values are from National Association of Chain Manufacturers specifications [4]. Only Grades 50 316L
(L=Low carbon) stainless steel chain is approved for lifting as indicated.
2) WLL = Working Load Limit. The values shown in this table are for reference only. Refer to Reid Supply
catalog, paper or online version, for actual values; or contact Reid Customer Service.
3) Minimum Breaking Force loads shall not be used as criteria for service and design purposes. [4]
General Guidelines [6] All the “cautions” noted in this document set forth apply not only to the use of chain, but also to the
and Precautions use of attachments thereon. Where attachments, such as hooks or rings, are designed for use with
chain in sustaining loads, care should be taken to select the attachments of the type, grade and size
chain with which such attachments are to be used. It is impossible to state what load will be sustained
if the attachments are not of the type, grade and size recommended for use with a particular type, grade
and size of chain used.
CAUTION: Only Grade 80 or 100 alloy chain should be used for lifting applications.
The use of chain is subject to certain hazards that cannot be met by mechanical means, but only by
the exercise of intelligence, care and common sense. Serious hazards are: overloading, dropping or
slipping of the load caused by improper rigging, obstruction to free passage of the load, bending or
twisting chain links or attachments, acceleration in the rate of application of the load, or shock loading
and the use of damaged chain. Any such abuse or misuse may cause injury or property damage for
which the manufacture and distributor of accepts no liability. The terms “Working Load Limit” (WLL),
“Proof Test”, and “Minimum Breaking Force” contain no implication of what load the chain will withstand
if chain is used in such conditions of abuse and misuse.
All chains should be inspected periodically and prior to use for wear, elongated or distorted links, nicks,
gouges, cracks, and stability for applications. When defects or deterioration are present, the chain
should be removed from service. Excessive high or low temperatures or exposure to chemically active
environments, such as acids or corrosive liquids or fumes, can reduce the performance of the chain.
Under no conditions should you permit loads to be transported or suspended over people.
Manufacturers and distributors do not accept any liability for injury or damage which may result from
dynamic or static loads in excess of the Working Load Limit, use of chain in a manner contrary to the
manufacturer’s instructions or recommendations, or the abuse or misuse of chain as described above.
Material Handling
Hoist Ring Use Important safety considerations for applying and using hoist rings are defined as follows [5]:
1. IMPORTANT! The force on each hoist ring is not just the total weight divided by the number of
hoist rings. The force will be greater at lower lift angles. Make sure load is evenly distributed.
See below.
Eq. 1: Calculating Hoist Ring Force

W
F
N (sin A)
Where: F = Force on each hoist ring

W = Total weight = 4000 lbs.
N = Number of hoist rings = 4
A = Lifting angle
Examples:
Safe Unsafe
4000 4000
A = 65°: F = 1103 lbs A = 14°: F = 4134 lbs
4(sin 65 n) 4(sin 14 n)
2. Never exceed the rated load capacity of the hoist ring. The 5:1 safety factor is required in case
of misuse, such as overload or uneven loads.
3. Tensile strength of material to be lifted should be at least 80,000 PSI for full load rating. For
lower tensile materials, increase thread length or use a through hole with a nut and washer on
other side.
4. Do not allow hoist rings to bind. If necessary, use a spreader bar to avoid binding.
Safe Unsafe
5. Spacers should not be used between the hoist ring and the mounting surface.
6. Mounting surface must be flat and smooth for full contact with the safety hoist ring. Tapped
mounting holes must be perpendicular to the mounting surface.
7. Mounting screws should be tightened to the recommended torque. Torque should be checked
periodically as bolts could loosen in extended service.
8 Never lift with any device, such as hooks, chains or cables, that could spread or damage the
bail.
Material Handling
9. Never apply shock loads and use good lifting practices. Always lift gradually. If shock loading
ever occurs, the safety lifting device should be inspected using magnaflux.
10. After installation, always check that ring rotates and pivots freely in all directions.
Safe Unsafe
After slings have been properly attached to Slings should not be reeved from one bail to
the hoist ring, apply force slowly. Make sure another.
the bail is parallel to the direction of the load.
Watch the load and be prepared to stop
applying force if the load starts buckling.
Slings Much of the previous guidelines for Hoist Rings also applies to slings. According to OSHA, slings can
be assembled by competent and qualified individuals. Figure 3 lists typical components of a sling.
Figure 3: Typical Sling Components (Quadruple Sling)
All necessary mechanical components, including the OSHA required identification tag, for building
mechanical slings are available at Reid Supply. Custom preassembled welded and mechanical slings
are also available by contacting Reid Customer Service at the toll-free number listed at the bottom of
the page or online at ReidSupply.com. Reid Customer Service can help with sling inspection and re-
certification.
WARNING: As may be required by OSHA, other governing bodies, company or manufacturing guidelines; regularly
inspect equipment for cracks, metal fatigue and other defects and conditions, that can degrade
equipment strength and performance, and to ensure safe operation of Material Handling equipment.
Failure to do so can result in equipment failure, damage, personal injury or death.
Material Handling
OSHA Sling OSHA guidelines must be followed for application and operation of many Material Handling systems and
Guidelines components as listed in Table 1. Highlights from OSHA 1910.184 Sling Standard include:
1910.184(e)(1) Sling Identification - Alloy steel chain slings shall have permanently affixed durable
identification stating size, grade, rated capacity, and reach.
1910.184(e)(2) Attachments - (i) Hooks, rings, oblong links, pear shaped links, welded or mechanical
coupling links or other attachments shall have a rated capacity at least equal to that of
the alloy steel chain with which they are used or the sling shall not be used in excess of
the rated capacity of the weakest component.
1910.184(e)(3) Inspections - (i) In addition to the inspection required by paragraph (d) of this section, a
thorough periodic inspection of alloy steel chain slings in use shall be made on a regular
basis, to be determined on the basis of (A) frequency of sling use; (B) severity of service
conditions; (C) nature of lifts being made; and (D) experience gained on the service life
of slings used in similar circumstances. Such inspections shall in no event be at intervals
greater than once every 12 months.
(ii) The employer shall make and maintain a record of the most recent month in which
each alloy steel chain sling was thoroughly inspected, and shall make such record
available for examination.
(iii) The thorough inspection of alloy steel chain slings shall be performed by a competent
person designated by the employer, and shall include a thorough inspection for wear,
defective welds, deformation and increase in length. Where such defects or deterioration
are present, the sling shall be immediately removed from service.
1910.184(e)(4) Proof testing - The employer shall ensure that before use, each new, repaired, or
reconditioned alloy steel chain sling, including all welded components in the sling
assembly, shall be proof tested by the sling manufacturer or equivalent entity, in
accordance with paragraph 5.2 of the American Society of Testing and Materials
Specification A391-65, which is incorporated by reference as specified in Sec. 1910.6
(ANSI G61.1-1968). The employer shall retain a certificate of the proof test and shall
make it available for examination.
1910.184(e)(5) Sling use - Alloy steel chain slings shall not be used with loads in excess of the rated
capacities prescribed in Table N-184-1. Slings not included in this table shall be used only
in accordance with the manufacturer’s recommendations.
1910.184(e)(6) Save operating temperatures - Alloy steel chain slings shall be permanently removed from
service if they are heated above 1000 deg. F. When exposed to service temperatures in
excess of 600 deg. F, maximum working load limits permitted in Table N-184-1 shall be
reduced in accordance with the chain or sling manufacturer’s recommendations.
1910.184(e)(7) Repairing and reconditioning alloy steel chain slings - (i) Worn or damaged alloy steel chain
slings or attachments shall not be used until repaired. When welding or heat testing is
performed, slings shall not be used unless repaired, reconditioned and proof tested by
the sling manufacturer or an equivalent entity. (ii) Mechanical coupling links or low carbon
steel repair links shall not be used to repair broken lengths of chain.
1910.184(e)(8) Effects of wear - If the chain size at any point of any link is less than that stated in Table
N-184-2, the sling shall be removed from service.
1910.184(e)(9) Deformed attachments - (i) Alloy steel chain slings with cracked or deformed master links,
coupling links or other components shall be removed from service. (ii) Slings shall be
removed from service if hooks are cracked, have been opened more than 15 percent
of the normal throat opening measured at the narrowest point or twisted more than 10
degrees from the plane of the unbent hook.
1910.184(f) Wire rope slings -
1910.184(f)(5) Removal from service - Wire rope slings shall be immediately removed from service if any
of the following conditions are present: (i) Ten randomly distributed broken wires in one
rope lay, or five broken wires in one strand in one rope lay. (ii) Wear or scraping of one-
third the original diameter of outside individual wires. (iii) Kinking, crushing, bird caging
or any other damage resulting in distortion of the wire rope structure. (iv) Evidence of
heat damage. (v) End attachments that are cracked, deformed or worn. (vi) Hooks that
Material Handling
have been opened more than 15 percent of the normal throat opening measured at the
narrowest point or twisted more than 10 degrees from the plane of the unbent hook. (vii)
Corrosion of the rope or end attachments.
More standards are listed in Table 1. Details of OSHA 1910.184 can be found at www.OSHA.gov.
Once design considerations are known and applied, components selected should meet the design
SELECTING THE considerations as closely as possible. The purpose of this section is to aid in the selection of
CORRECT SYSTEM OR Material Handling systems and components that meet the design considerations for the desired
application.
COMPONENT
Several tables, figures, and other references are included to aid and speed the selection process and
offer the best Material Handling solution. Hyperlinks are also included for viewing online and PDF
versions.
Material Selection Selecting the best material for Material Handling can improve performance and safety during operations.
Information in this section can be used and referenced to help determine the best material type and how
it will behave in the required application.
Table 4: Materials Used for Material Handling Components

Material Pros Cons
Developed in 1956 by DuPont, Delrin® acetal resin (plastic) was developed as a substitute
for metal and is sometimes referred to as “synthetic stone”. It is a high tensile thermosetting
plastic.
• Lightweight with high strength.
• Durable with low wear and friction.
Delrin® • Will not mar soft metals or other material.
• Offers long life with high resistance to repeated
impacts, moisture, solvents and heat.
• Self-lubricating surface.
• Easy to machine.
• Non-ferrous.
A variety of elastomers are used in Material Handling components for bumpers. For
specifications on elastomers, refer to Table 6.
Elastomers • Flexible and able to absorb impact, shock and • Can be temperature sensitive.
vibration. • Relatively low shear strength.
• Easily molded.
• High coefficient of friction.
The most common form of steel that provides material properties that are acceptable for
many applications.
• Low carbon content (up to 0.3%) that is neither • Can rust or corrode if not protected.
Mild Steel extremely brittle nor ductile.
• Usually with black oxide finish to resist rust and
corrosion.
• Stronger than aluminum.
This self-lubricating and maintenance free material is used in many transporting systems.
Nylon • Long wear. • Heat sensitive.

• Will not mar soft metals or other material.
• Self-lubricating.
Stainless is an ideal material for components used for food and medical applications.
Stainless Steel • Impact and corrosive resistant. • Not as strong as steel.
• Can be case hardened for better wear resistance.
Material Handling
Material Pros Cons

A very strong material used for a majority of Material Handling systems.
• Typically case hardened for better wear • Can corrode or rust if protective
resistance. coating is compromised.
Steel • Passivated to resist corrosion with zinc or black
oxide.
• Impact resistant.
• Less expensive than stainless.
Figure 4: Hardness Scales
Table 5: Material Specifications - Plastics

Service Coefficient Tensile Notched Izod Tensile Flexural
Temp Rockwell of Friction Strength Impact Elongation Modulus
Plastics
°F Hardness (on steel and psi ft-lb/in ksi
%
(°C) dry/wet) (MPa) (N·m/mm) (MPa)
195 8500 0.800 377–420
Delrin® M80-92 — —
(90) (58.6) (42.7 J/m) (2600–2900)
180 0.4 2920–15500 0.300–2.50E+29 0.290–453
Nylon 6 101 to 123 0.50–100
(82) (0.15) (20.13–106.9) (16.0–1.33E+31) (2.00–3130)
Material Handling
Table 6: Material Specifications - Elastomers
Elastomer Ethylene Natural Nitrile Styrene

Neoprene Butadiene Fluro
Physical Butyl Propylene Rubber Silicone Butadiene Urethane Carbons
Properties EPDM NR CR NBR SBR
Abrasion Resistance Good Good Excels Excels Good Poor Good Excels Fair
Aging Excels Excels Good Excels Excels Excels Good Excels Excels
Aging - Heat Excels Excels Good V. Good Excels Excels Good Excels Excels
Aging - Sunlight Good Excels Poor Good Poor Good Poor Excels Excels
-80 °F -80 °F -80 °F -50 °F -65 °F -180 °F -80 °F -60 °F -60 °F
Brittle Point
-62.2 °C -62.2 °C -62.2 °C -45.6 °C -53.6 °C -118 °C -62.2 °C -51.1 °C -51.1 °C
Compression Set Fair Fair Good Fair Good Excels Good Excels Good
Dielectric Strength Good Good Excels Fair Poor Good Excels Fair Good
Durometer Range 40-75 30-100 30-100 30-90 30-100 45-85 40-90 65-95 50-90
Elongation (%) 600 To 500 To 700 To 800 To 700 To 700 500 To 650 To 300
Flame Resistance Poor Poor Poor Good Poor Fair Poor Poor Good
Flex Resistance Good Good Excels Good Good Excels Good Good Good
Freedom of Odor Good Fair Excels Good Fair Fair Fair Good Fair
Gas Impermeability Excels Good Good Good Good Fair Fair Good Excels
Max Tensile Strength 2000 3000 3500 3000 3000 800 2500 8000 2000
(psi/MPa) 14 20.7 24.1 20.7 20.7 5.5 17.2 55.2 14
Oil & Gasoline
Poor Poor Poor Good Excels Poor Poor Excels Excels
Resistance
Oil Resistance
Excels Poor Fair Excels Good Good Fair Fair Good
- Animal-Vegetable
Oil Resistance
Poor Poor Poor Fair Good Poor Poor Good Good
- Aromatic
Oil Resistance
Poor Poor Poor Good Excels Fair Poor Good Good
- Lubricating
Ozone Resistance Excels Excels Poor Excels Poor Excels Poor Excels Excels
Polymer Spec.
0.9 0.88 0.93 1.23 1 0.95 0.93 1.05 1.4-1.9
Gravity
Solvent Resistance
Aliphatic Poor Poor Poor Good Excels Poor Poor Excels Excels
Hydrocarbons:
Solvent
Resistance: Aromatic Poor Fair Poor Poor Good Poor Poor Fair Excels
Hydrocarbons
Stiffening Point -25 -35 -40 -10 -10 -150 -35 -20 -15
(°F/°C avg) -31.7 -37.2 -40 -23.3 -23.3 -101 -37.2 -28.9 -26.1
Tear Resistance Good Good Good Good Fair Poor Fair Excels Fair
Temperature 250 °F 350 °F 210 °F 260 °F 250 °F 600 °F 215 °F 250 °F 500 °F
Resistance - Max. 121 °C 177 °C 98.9 °C 127 °C 121 °C 316 °C 102 °C 121 °C 260 °C
Temperature -50 °F -50 °F -65 °F -50 °F -40 °F -150 °F -60 °F -60 °F -40 °F
Resistance - Min. -45.6 °C -45.6 °C -53.6 °C -45.6 °C -40 °C -101 °C -51.1 °C -51.1 °C -40 °C
Water Resistance Excels Excels Excels Good Excels Good Excels Fair Good
Weather Resistance Excels Excels Fair Excels Fair Excels Fair Excels Excels
Material Handling
Bumpers are used to guard, stop, align, position or protect parts through each step of manufacturing.
BUMPER Primarily made of elastomers, these components are available in many styles and shapes. For material
SOLUTIONS properties, refer to Table 6.
Table 7: Bumper Styles

Bumper Style1 Hardness2 Pros Cons
Constructed of resilient, high quality thermoplastic bumper designed to protect
at a corner.
• Impervious to atmospheric deterioration. • Limited sizes.
• Will not crack like extruded bumpers.
Corner • Easily attached with screws or adhesive.
• 15 inch (381 mm) length, black or white.
Special ordered by calling the toll free number at the bottom of the page, or by
special request online.
Depends • Can be sized to fit existing application. • May take more time to
on material • Choice of durometer and optional aluminum process special order.
requested back.
Custom • Mounting holes can be drilled, tapped, or
counter bored to size.
Round and collapsible bumpers used to absorb impact
Measured as
compression • Provide excellent resistance to chemicals
in lbs of and humidity.
force: • 20 times the durability of urethane, 10 times
75 to 18500 greater than rubber and 500 times greater
lbs than coiled steel springs.
• Consistent characteristics from -80°F to
(34 to 8390 +300°F (-62°C to +149°C).
kg).
Elastomer
Long thermoplastic rubber bumper.
• Same as corner bumper. • Limited sizes.
Linear • 4 or 12 inch (102 mm or 305 mm) length.
• Black or white available.
Designed for applications involving shock and collision protection along a
straight line. Oval in shape and made from TecsPak’s patented elastomer.
40D
• Available in custom length, color and • May take more time to
End loads of
diameters. process special order.
1600 & 4800
lbs (726 & • Can expand and protect for entire length of
2180 kg) transport.
Radial Tube • Lightweight, ultra-strong and exceedingly
durable.
A rectangular end made of elastomer. See attributes listed in Table 8.
60-80A • Various sizes available. • Limited sizes.
neoprene • Made of neoprene or urethane material.
Rectangular
40-45A Neoprene or urethane elastomer bonded to a threaded steel core.

neoprene • Available in male or female styles.
60-90 • Optional hex shoulder for tightening.
Round urethane • Provides minimal contact from any direction.
These self-adhesive bumpers are purchased by the sheet.
• Applies quickly and easily as needed. • Small in size.
60-70A • Different shapes and sizes are available.
Self Adhesive • Made of non-staining, non-marring
polyurethane.
Material Handling
Bumper Style1 Hardness2 Pros Cons

A square end allows this bumper to be used on either side. See attributes
80A listed in Table 8.
neoprene • Similar to rectangular bumper. • One size available, see
custom bumper for more.
Square
NOTE: 1) In most all styles, custom sizes, colors and shapes are available by contacting Customer Service at the
toll free number listed below or at sales @ ReidSupply .com.
2) Hardness is expressed in Shore units unless otherwise specified.
Bumper Along with the various styles, attributes listed in Table 8 are common to many bumpers.
Attributes Table 8: Bumper Attributes
Bumper Attribute Pros Cons
Drilled and counter board elastomer, with or without metal plate.
• Easy installation and replacement.
Counter Bore
Bumper can be bonded to a steel or aluminum plate.
• Offers more rigidity and stronger mounting.
• Backing for mounting and shock distribution.
Metal Plate
A commercial building would have to be near empty to not find a caster somewhere. They can be found
CASTERS on office chairs, cabinets, carts, material trucks, under small machines, and more. This section includes
data and information to assist in selecting the best caster for your application.
A caster consists of a plate or stem, a caster type frame called a caster bracket and a wheel. There are
many varieties of caster wheels, frame types and options. To select a caster, answer these important
questions:
1. What is the average and maximum load?
2. What wheel type is needed for floor or surface protection?
3. What wheel diameter will give the necessary mobility?
4. Will the operating environment include water, oils, acids, corrosive materials, excessive
temperatures, or obstacles?
5. Will the unit be hand-pushed or powered?
6. How many swivel and rigid casters are needed?
7. How will the casters be mounted? e.g. Top Plate, Stem, Kingpinless, etc.
DANGER: Overloading or improper use of casters can cause equipment failure, damage, personal injury or
death. As may be required by OSHA, other governing bodies, company or manufacturing guidelines;
regularly inspect equipment for cracks, metal fatigue and other defects and conditions that can degrade
equipment strength and performance, and to ensure safe operation of Material Handling equipment.
Caster Table 9 lists styles of casters available at Reid Supply. The table includes codes, defined in the notes
following the table, that list options and point to other tables within this document.
Styles
Material Handling
Table 9: Caster Styles

Options1
Bearings2
Brake3 Capacity4 Frame5 Plate6 Stem7 Wheel8
Swivel Wheel
Caster Style Pros Cons
M X T Steel
Designed with ball bearing and roller ball principles. All • Small diameter wheels.
casters are made from carbon steel. Balls and supporting • Metal wheels can mar floor or surface.
seat are hardened for long life. Exposed parts are black
oxided.
• Allow unrestricted movement in all directions.
• Can be used as casters or in an inverted position as a ball
Ball
transfer unit.
• Stainless steel, nylon components, stud modifications and
felt seals are available as special order.
B TL LM MH R S SB TG X np
• Wheel has thread guard to protect fabric. • Narrow wheels.
Ball Bearing
P L S FGRT mft
Designed for use on furniture. • Not recommended for continuous use
• Easy installation and removal. and high speeds.
• Available with spherical axle wheels.
• Clear zinc, chrome, nickel, brass, and copper oxide finish
Furniture
Single Wheel available.
S P R SL SB G R S SB TG X joqs
Multipurpose caster with a wide range of applications.
• Simple maintenance free design.
General Duty • Good combination of strength, durability and economy.
DP K G L LM RS 00 97 mnt
Having a wide variety of uses, these casters are designed for • Narrow wheels.
no particular application.
• Zinc plated frame.
General Purpose
R FK H L R S SB X cjr
Recommended for heavy-duty trucks, dollies, platform • Grease fittings for periodic lubrication
trucks, etc. for wheel and swivel.
• Heavy-duty construction for performance and long life.
• Corrosion-resistant zinc finish.
Heavy Duty • 90° notches in swivel for locking position.
BD S M D G R S SB 97 99 AM FRT imnp
Specially designed for food or medical industries. • Narrow wheels.
• NSF certified with swivel raceway dust covers and grease
seals.
• Chemical resistant.
Institutional • Nickel or clear zinc finish on frame.
H MH H SH
K F K SB R S TG AY aci
XH
Used when superior swivel action is desired. • Cast Iron is heavy.
• No kingpin. • No brake option, floor lock can be
Kingpinless used.
Material Handling
Options1
2
Bearings
Swivel Wheel
G M MH S X T h
Designed for movement and leveling of equipment. • Short adjustment range from a
• Incorporates the feasibility to move equipment easily. maximum of .35 to .71 inches (8.9 to
• Built in leveling and vibration control. 18 mm).
Leveling • Small wheels.
• Higher capacities available as special order.
D SL K R SB TL L R S SB TG X q
Similar to General Duty, but with Double Row Ball Swivel. • Low capacity.
Light Duty
D P SL F K R SB LM R S SB TG X loq
Basic caster design with many options.
• Good mobility.
Light Medium Duty • Can be used in institutional applications.
D S SI M RS X fim
Used where height is limited or roll-over is possible. • Small wheels.
• Short over-all height. • May not work well on uneven surface.
Low Profile • Lower center of gravity.
• Dual wheel increases surface area.
G L R S SB degijlm
D B R SL R TL MH X
TG nprv
• High strength. • Zerk fitting for periodic lubrication at
• Double ball, hardened raceway. wheel.
Medium-Heavy
Duty
L S AZ F h
As implied, primarily used for office chairs. • Very light weight.
• Urethane tread on nylon core available.
Office Chair
B S TL MH R S SB 90, AR k
• Grey tread for non-marking. • Must maintain air pressure.
• Grease fitting for periodic lubrication.
Pneumatic
TL H G R S SB 90 uv
Heavy Duty with shock absorbing springs for shock sensitive • More bulky.
loads.
• Offers smoother ride with less vibration.
• Zinc chromate finish for better corrosion resistance.
Shock Absorbing
TL H R S SB 90 iu
Designed for Heavy Duty applications.
• Swivels have top raceway grease seal.
• Yellow zinc finish.
Truck • Corrosion resistant.
• Total-lock.
Material Handling
Options1
2
Bearings
Swivel Wheel
P P Special LM S SB AZ FRT h
Primarily used for office furniture. • No bearings for swivel.
• Optional lever brake available.
• Good floor protection.
• For material specifications, refer to Table 4.
Twin Wheel
NOTES: 1) Indicates available options: Blank = not-available, X = available, otherwise letter indicates restrictions.
2) Swivel types are listed in Table 12: Blank = not-available, D = Double Row Race; bearings are,
K = Kingpinless raceway, S = Single row raceway. Table 11 bearing type for wheel: Blank = not-available,
B = Precision Ball, D = Delrin®, P = Plain, R = Roller, S = Sealed, SI = Sintered, SL = Self Lubricating.
3) From Table 12 - Brake type: Blank = None, F = Face brake K = Kit available, S = Strap type, SB = Side
brake, TL = Total Lock brake, T = Thumbscrew. Refer to note 5, many casters are equipped with brakes
for Swivel frame only.
4) Table 10 load rating for caster assemblies in the form of a code: G = General, L = Light, LM = Light-
Medium, M = medium, MH = Medium-Heavy, H = Heavy XH = Extra Heavy, SH = Super Heavy.
5) Table 12 lists various frame attributes: D = Raceway dust cover, G = Raceway grease seal, L = Swivel
lock, R = Rigid, S = Swivel, SB = Swivel with Brake (refer to note 3), TG = Thread Guard.
6) Plates without designation are identified with an “X” and can be found in the catalog. Plates with
designations are listed in Table 13.
7) Table 14 stem type: Blank = None, F = Friction, G = Grip Neck, R = Round, T = Threaded.
8) Letter codes, as listed in Table 16, lists wheel type with specifications, plus Pros & Cons. Table 15
compares material characteristics for surface types and operating conditions.
Caster Along with the various caster styles, several attributes are used when specifying a caster. Table 9
includes references to tables in this section that provide more details about the various attributes. Some
Attributes of the attributes listed are not included in the online or paper catalog; however, all are available by
contacting Customer Service at the toll free number listed below or at sales @ ReidSupply .com.
Caster As stated previously, all Material Handling devices have a load rating. This is also true of casters. It is
Capacity best to select a caster with a load capacity above the required load. This will then allow for shock loads,
over loading, operator abuse, obstructions, poor surfaces, etc. Ask the question, “Will the caster move
the load safely, smoothly and easily?” Use Eq. 2 to calculate the required capacity for the caster to be
used in your application.
Eq. 2: Calculating Caster Capacity.
load per caster = (Load + Truck) ÷ number of casters x SF
Where: Load = Weight of load, machine or equipment.

Truck = Weight of truck, cart or other transporting equipment. If not used, set = 0.
SF = Safety Factor (> 100%) to compensate for additional stress caused by shock
due to vibration, impact, dropping of load or obstacles.
Example: 2000 lbs. ÷ 4 casters x 110% = 550 lbs. per caster.
Referring to Table 10, this application calls for a Medium-Heavy or Heavy Duty caster.
Material Handling
Table 10: Caster Capacity Ratings (Duty)

Caster Capacity or Duty1
General Light Light-Medium Medium Medium-Heavy Heavy X-Heavy
Lbs 25-900 75-145 110-290 200-500 200-1050 350-2000 1600-10000
(kg) (11-408) (34-66) (50-132) (90-227) (90-476) (160-907) (726-4540)
General
For applications Industrial
warehouse Tool boxes, light Industrial
within the load applications: Industrial
and factory assembly dollies applications:
capacity: tool For applications platform trucks, applications:
applications: and trucks, truck dollies,
Use2 furniture dollies, portable files,
boxes, bakery within the load wire shelving and
platform trucks,
power drawn
racks, dollies, capacity. other commercial trailers or severe
laundry carts, display racks, and a variety of
stock trucks, warehouse trucks duty applications.
bakery racks, tool bakery racks. equipment.
hotel trucks. and carts.
boxes.
NOTE: 1) Load capacities may overlap between duty types. Values listed cover all casters of the duty type. For
specific load capacities for caster models, refer to the online or printed catalog.
2) Uses listed are examples only. It is up to the designer to determine load limits for the intended application
and specify the correct caster(s) which meet or exceed maximum capacities.
Caster Several wheel bearing types are available for casters. Bearings are one of the factors that limits caster
Wheel Bearings capacity. For this reason, selected bearing types are specified by wheel type and size. Refer to the
section on caster wheels. Use Table 11 to select the best bearing type when more than one is available.
Table 11: Caster Wheel Bearing Types

Bearing Type Pros Cons
Precision ball bearings on each side of wheel with center bushing.
• Provide optimum start-up and rolling ease. • Recommended for load capacities of 250
lbs (113 kg) or less.
• Grease fitting for periodic lubrication.
Ball
Made of engineered plastic material and press fit into the wheel hub bore. Available in two
styles: Straight sleeve type, shown in margin, and Flanged insert type shown at left.
• Very durable.
• Corrosion-Resistant.
Delrin® • Require infrequent or no oil lubrication.
• Non magnetic.
Used for light loads.
• Most economical using wheel hub bore • Do not work well under extreme loads.
material as bearing. • Depending on material type, can be
• Ideal for corrosive applications. sensitive to extreme heat.
Plain • Require infrequent lubrication with excellent
wear characteristics.
Made of hardened rollers inserted into a hardened split outer race. 2 inch wide wheels
include a wheel spanner bushing shown in margin to left.
• Can carry heavier loads and last longer than • Grease fitting for periodic lubrication.
ball bearings.
Roller • Provide good start-up and rolling ease.
• Frictionless rotary bearing.
Basic ball bearings are available on stainless casters.
• Can withstand considerable radial load.
• Eliminates the need for lubricating axle with
grease sealed in.
Sealed • Seals out dust.
See Sintered bearing type.
Self-Lubricated
Material Handling
Bearing Type Pros Cons

Bearings made from oil-impregnated powdered metals (typically bronze or iron) that contain
pores and capillaries which allow oil to seep out as needed for lubrication.
• Self-lubricating. • Friction is proportional to RPM and
• Can be used in high moisture environment. inversely proportional to pressure.
• Low maintenance.
Sintered
Caster The frame includes all caster components except wheel and wheel bearings. Where brake kits are
Frame Styles available, they must match the frame style. Figure 5 and Figure 6 show special swivels used for
stronger and higher quality caster styles.
Figure 5: Double Row Swivel Race

King Pin
Top Plate
Top Race
Bottom Race Fork
Type A Type B
Figure 6: Kingpinless Swivel Race

Plate
Ball bearing
Zerk Grease Fitting
Table 12 provides information on caster frame components from the top down. Some caster
features can be purchased separately and field installed at any time. All are available by contacting
Customer Service at the toll free number listed below or at sales @ ReidSupply .com.
Table 12: Caster Frame Types

Frame Type Pros Cons
Available for swivel models to ensure optimum performance and durability.
• Provides protection from dust and water. • Cannot be field installed.
Dust Cover
These devices are attached to the bottom or side of the machine or equipment. When
engaged, a post is lowered to the floor that takes weight from the casters for stability, and
prevents roll.
• Provides uniform locking and unlocking force • To avoid teetering, two or more should
for better ergonomic operation. be used.
• Adjustable height.
• Continues to work properly as pad and
Floor Lock casters wear over time.
• Suction cups on pad bottom ensure grip.
Available for swivel models to ensure optimum performance and durability.
• Protects both upper and lower raceways.
• Keeps lubricant in.
• Reduces maintenance requirements.
• Keeps dirt out.
Grease Seal • Can be field installed.
Material Handling

Used for straight line travel and typically combined with swivel casters for turning.
• Used for straight line travel. • Depending on material, could mar
• Steering is possible when combined with surface if turned or moved sideways.
Swivel casters. (e.g. Rigid casters on back
and Swivel casters at front.)
Rigid
Enables directional rotation for easy turning. Bearings can be steel or Delrin®.
• Has 360 degrees of rotation about the stem • Dirt and other contaminates can effect
or plate axis. turning if not protected or maintained.
• Equipment can be turned in tight situations.
• Double Row (race) or Kingpinless available.
Swivel
Locking mechanism that locks swivel position for compatible casters.
• Locks swivel caster for straight line • Option only, uses two common mounting
movement. bolts for casters with plate.
• Locks in four positions, 90° apart or total lock • Can only be used with compatible
in multiple positions. casters.
• Can be field installed.
Swivel Lock
Thread Guards are attached to the caster fork on each side and cover for wheel center.
• Prevents objects from wrapping on wheel • Cannot be used with wheel brake.
axle and obstruct rotation.
Thread Guard
Material Handling

Optional feature used to lock wheel and/or swivel.
Style Pros Cons

Tread-gripping action locks wheel and prevents rolling.
• Simple mechanism. • Field installation
• Several styles available for most required, instructions
caster styles. available.
Brake Kits • Some kits lock both swivel and wheel.
Designed to create friction on the front side of the wheel.
• Foot operated. • Not for Light or Light-
• Mountable on either side of swivel. Medium Duty casters.
Face • Several styles available.
Friction against wheel sides locks wheel and prevents rolling.
• Foot operated. • Brakes wheel only.
• Option for swivel or rigid casters.
Side Friction
Side Cam
Wraps over wheel.
• Simple design and use. • Brakes wheel only.
With Brake • Positive braking of wheel.
• Kit available for some rigid caster.
Strap
Braking is accomplished by rotating a thumbscrew that applies
pressure against the wheel while engaged.
• Thumbscrew contact and pressure • Hand engaged and
against the side of the wheel, lock disengaged.
Thumbscrew wheel position.
Used on many casters with swivel feature.
• Locks both wheel and swivel position. • Cannot lock swivel
independently for
Total-Lock straight line movement.
• Prevents unwanted movement of machine or • Not safe when used on incline or slope.
equipment.
• Most are foot operated with safety shoes.
• Many brakes can be field installed.
Caster A variety of plates are available for mounting casters. Not all have an ID, as shown in Table 13.
Top Plate Plates without ID are identified in Table 9 as an “X”, and dimensions can be found in the online
or paper catalog, or by contacting Customer Service at the toll free number listed below or at
sales @ ReidSupply .com.
Table 13: Caster Top Plates

Caster Plate ID1 Overall Size2 Hole Spacing2,3 Hole Diameter2 Bolt Diameter2
2-3/4 x 3-3/4 1-3/4 x 3 11/32 5/16
(6.98 x 9.52) (4.44 x 7.62) (0.873) (0.794)
2-5/8 x 3-5/8 to 3 x 3
4 x 4-5/8 3/8 x 3/4 slots 3/8
(6.67 x 9.21
(10.2 x 11.7) (0.952 x 1.9 slots) (0.952)
to 7.62 x 7.62)
Material Handling
Caster Plate ID1 Overall Size2 Hole Spacing2,3 Hole Diameter2 Bolt Diameter2
5 x 5-1/2 4-1/8 x 4-1/2 25/64 3/8

91
(12.7 x 14) (10.5 x 11.4) (0.992) (0.952)
1-3/16 x 2 13/16 x 1-9/16 13/64 1/4

(3.02 x 5.08) (2.06 x 3.97) (0.516) (0.635)
1-29/32 x 2-5/8 15/16 x 2-1/8 9/32 1/4

93
(4.84 x 6.67) (2.38 x 5.4) (0.714) (0.635)
1-29/32 x 2-5/8 1-13/32 x 2-1/8 13/64 3/16

94
(4.84 x 6.67) (2.38 x 5.4) (0.516) (0.476)
1-3/4 x 3 to 2-3/8 x
3-1/8 x 4-1/8 3-3/8 3/8 x 3/4 slots 5/16
(7.94 x 10.5) (4.44 x 7.62 (0.952 x 1.9 slots) (0.794)
to 6.03 x 8.75)
3-1/8 x 4-1/8 2-3/8 x 3-7/16 11/32 5/16

98
(7.94 x 10.5) (6.03 x 8.73) (0.873) (0.794)
2-5/8 x 3-5/8 to 3 x 3
3-3/4 x 4-5/8 3/8 x 3/4 slots 5/16
(6.67 x 9.21
(9.52 x 11.7) (0.952 x 1.9 slots) (0.794)
to 7.62 x 7.62)
2-3/4 x 3-3/4 1-3/4 x 2-5/8 to 3 11/32 x 1/2 slots 5/16

(6.98 x 9.52) (4.44 x 6.67 to 7.62) (0.873 x 1.27) (0.794)
11/32 x 13/32 slots

2-3/4 x 3-3/4 1-3/4 x 2-7/8 to 3 5/16
(0.873 x 0.40625
(6.98 x 9.52) (4.44 x 7.3 to 7.62) (0.794)
slots)
4x5 3x4 13/32 3/8

AS (10.2 x 12.7) (7.62 x 10.2) (1.03) (0.952)
1-1/16 x 3-15/32
2-1/2 x 5 to 1-3/16 x 4 11/33 x 39/64 slots 5/16
AT (6.35 x 12.7) (2.7 x 8.81 (0.873 x 1.55 slots) (0.794)
to 3.02 x 10.2)
1-7/8 x 2-5/8 31/32 x 1-7/8 9/32 1/4

AU
(4.76 x 6.67) (2.46 x 4.76) (0.28125) (0.635)
2-7/16 x 4-15/16
slotted to 3-3/8 x
4-1/2 x 6-5/16 1/2
5-1/4 35/64 x 1
(11.4 x 16) (1.27)
(6.19 x 12.5 slotted
to 8.57 x 13.3)
2-5/16 x 2-9/16 1-5/8 x 2 11/32 5/16

(5.87 x 6.51) (4.13 x 5.08) (0.873) (0.794)
NOTE: 1) Custom plates do not have an ID Number and are not shown in the table, but are identified as an “X”
where required. Specifications for all plates can be found in the catalog, printed or online.
Material Handling
2) Dimensions are expressed in inch and metric (cm) values.

3) Dimensions for slots are measured as shown in the diagram below:
Slot dimensions are for arc centers
as shown.
• Inside dimension is listed first
and shown with single short
dash in centerline.
• Outside dimension listed second
and shown with two short
Example 1 dashes in centerline. Example 2
Caster Many General, Light and Medium Duty casters can be plate mounted or stem mounted. Stems are
Stem either threaded, press fit or simply inserted into place. Non-threaded stems come in many styles with
some popular styles listed in Table 14.
Table 14: Caster Stem Types

Stem Type Mounting1 Pros Cons
• Inserts into drilled hole in wood, metal, • Recommend metal or
plastic, rubber, etc. plastic tube for wood
• Easy installation and removal. applications.
• Inside, outside, weld and bolted
Brackets (shown) brackets available.
Friction Ring
or Tubes
• Easy installation and removal. • Only available for wood
• Sleeve retains caster without applications.
restricting rotary motion.
• Sleeve is press-fit and teeth, at base,
Grip Neck bite into wood to hold sleeve securely.
Sleeve
Wood Stem
• Easy installation and removal with • Recommend metal or
tube or bracket. plastic tube for wood
• Inserts into drilled hole in wood, metal, applications.
plastic, rubber, etc.
• Can be drilled on side for spring
Tubes (shown) plunger or screw.
Round or Brackets
• Stem can be machined.
• Square or round tubes available. • Needs more hardware.
• Can be mounted similar to a fastener, • Lock nut, lock washer or
using nuts or any inside thread with jam nut recommended
washers. to prevent loosing during
• Can adjust height relative to other operation.
Threaded Threaded tubes. casters with proper hardware.
NOTES: 1) Mounting brackets and tubes for stem casters were not included in the online
or paper catalog at the time this document was published, but can be obtained
by contacting Customer Service at the toll free number listed below or at
sales @ ReidSupply .com.
Caster A wide range of metal and non-metal wheels are available. The information below and Table 15 and
Wheels Table 16 can be used to help select the best wheel type for your application based on material, size,
floor or surface type and environment. For more details on materials, refer to Table 3 and Table 4.
Floor or Platform The best wheel performance is seen when floor and wheel materials are compatible. If the materials are
vs. Wheel not compatible:
• Wheel and/or floor damage can occur.
• Start-up can be difficult, and mobility can suffer.
• Movement can be noisy.
• Loads can be unstable.
• Braking can be less effective.
Table 15 compares wheel materials with surface material and operating conditions.
Material Handling
Wheel Size When rolling across a floor, on a ramp, or other foundation; it is best to have the proper wheel material,
as previously discussed, but size is also important. One of the environmental conditions included in
Table 15 is chip size. The larger the wheel, the smoother it will travel over rough, uneven, granular,
grated or soft surfaces. However, a larger diameter will increase height. If this is a problem, consider a
wider or twin wheel caster. Here are some tips:
• For the easiest load movement, select a caster with the largest wheel your application will allow.
• Steering is affected by the type of wheel, tread, and swivel (as stated in operation tips).
• Roll ability is affected by wheel size, type of thread, and bearings. The larger the wheel, the easier it
will roll. A hard, narrow crowned tread rolls easier than a flat, soft tread on a smooth floor; but may
be hard on the floor. Soft treads protect floors and pass over obstructions more easily.
Table 15: Wheel Material Comparisons
Floor Surfaces Operating Conditions
Extreme Cold (-10°F/-23°C)

High Heat (+250°F/120°C)
Harsh Chemicals
Noise Reduction
Floor Protection
Mild Chemicals
Tread Hardness
Steel, Smooth
Steel, Ribbed
Cushion Load
Oil & Grease
Metal Chips
Animal Fats
Linoleum
Concrete
Terrazzo
Asphalt
Carpet
Steam
Water
Wood
Brick
Tile
Wheel Type1
Soft
A Fully Pneumatic / Metal X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

B Soft Rubber /Hard Rubber X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
TPR (Thermoplastic
C X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Rubber) / Polyolefin
2 Piece Wheel
D Sintered Iron X X X X X X X X X
E Rubber / Aluminum X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
F Rubber / Steel X X X X X X X X X X X X
G Polyurethane /Polyolefin X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
H Polyurethane / Steel X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
I Solid Polyurethane X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
J Polyurethane / Aluminum X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
Hard
K Reinforced Thermoplastic X X X X X X X X X X X X
Hard
L Nylon Twin Wheel X X X X X X X X X X X

1 Piece Solid Molded Wheel
M All Hard Rubber X X X X X X X X X

Polypropylene (a.k.a.)
N X X X X X X X X X X X X
Polyolefin
O Phenolic Resin X X X X X X X X X X X X
High Temperature
P X X X X X X X X X X X X
Phenolic Resin
Q Semi-Steel X X X X X X X X X X X
Hardest
R Cast Iron X X X X X X X X X X X X
S Drop Forged X X X X X X X X X X X X X X
NOTES: 1) Letter IDs are referenced in Table 16.

2) [2][3] This chart is intended only as a general comparison and not as a recommendation for any particular
wheel in a specific application.
Material Handling
Table 16: Caster Wheel Types

Pros Cons
Hardness Load Capacity Temperature Range
Caster
Wheel Types1 Use 2
Shore Lbs Kg °F °C
Made from cast iron toughened with steel. Also referred to as Semi-Steel.
• High load rating. • Weight.
a R • Long wear life.
Cast Iron 700-4000 318-1810 -40 to +800 -40 to +427

Die-formed from preheated carbon steel billets.
• Provide uniform material thickness and • Weight.
b S maximum load bearing characteristics.
Drop Forged 6500-17000 2950-7710 -40 to +800 -40 to +427
Polyurethane tread permanently vulcanized to semi-steel or aluminum core.

• Cushioned ride. • Weight, if steel.
H • Long wear under heavy load.
c
J • Excellent mobility.
• Protects floor.
Duro-Tred
95A 700-4950 318-2250 -40 to +180 -40 to +82.2
Thermoplastic rubber mechanically bonded to rugged polypropylene hub.
• Resists chemicals, caustics, oils, acids, high
temperature and wear.
d C • Polypropylene hub will not dent, mar, fade
or stain.
• Soft cushioned ride.
Dyna-Tred
70A 180-700 81.6-700 -40 to +180 -40 to +82.2
Polyurethane tread for high load capacity and extended wear.
• High load capacity and extended wear.
• Resist chemicals, caustics, acids and oils.
H
e J • Polypropylene hub will not dent, mar, fade
or stain.
Dyna-Tred Poly • Tread and hub are mechanically interlocked.
90A 225-1000 102-454 -40 to +180 -40 to +82.2
Black hard rubber tread molded to black hard rubber core.
• Excellent on carpet or hard surfaced floors.
B • Provide good rolling ease.
f E
M • Non sparking.
• Resistant to water, oil and most acids.
Hard Rubber
75-85D 100-560 45.4-245 -45-125 -42.8-51.7
High strength wheel molded from solid urethane with no plastic or metal core.
• Not effected by blood, brine, greases, oils or
G most harsh chemicals.
g H • Smooth ride with load characteristics of
J steel.
K-Wheel • Steam cleanable.
55D 300-1500 136-680 -50 to +180 -45.6 to +82.2
Material Handling
Pros Cons
Caster
Wheel Types1 Use 2
Nylon wheels are primarily used for office chair casters.
• Long wear.
• Good floor protection.
h L
• Material properties of nylon are discussed
in Table 4.
Nylon 75-150 34-68
Molded phenolic resin reinforced with macerated fabric (generally canvas).
• Very hard tread with high capacity.
• Easiest rolling wheel.
O • Better floor protection and quieter roll than
i
P semi-steel.
• Resistant to high impact, most chemicals
Phenolic and acids.
102E 250-1200 113-544 -45-300 -42.8-149
Phenolic compound reinforced with macerated fabric.
O • High impact resistance

j P • Resistant to oil, gas, etc.
Plaskite® 75D 300-3500 136-1590 -40 to +300 -40 to +149

Air-filled tube tire is used for vibration sensitive instruments and breakable items.
• Cushioned ride with easy roll. • Will loose air if punctured,
k A • Shock absorbent. cut or otherwise damaged or
• Quiet operation. worn.
Pneumatic 80A 200-350 90.7-159 -45 to +180 -42.8 to +82.2
Polyolefin wheel.
• Light weight.
C • High impact resistant.
l G
N • Resists water and chemicals absorption.
• Non-marking and good mobility.
Polyflex®
60D 200-600 90.7-272 -20 to +180 -6.67 to +82.2
Black molded polypropylene.
• Excellent multi-application performer
• Exhibit superior resistance to abrasion and
C compression set.
m G
N • Resistant to acids, oils and grease and
impact.
Polypropylene
(Polyolefin) • Easy roll and good floor protection.
75-85D 100-400 45.4-181 +10 to +180 -12.2 to +82.2
Polyurethane tread molded on, and mechanically locked to, a polypropylene
plastic hub.
G • Offers excellent floor protection.

H • Abrasion resistant.
n
I • Rolls with ease with quiet operation.
J • Resistant to water, acids, oils and most
Polyurethane chemicals.
50-60D 125-900 56.7-408 -20 to +180 -6.67 to +82.2
Material Handling
Pros Cons
Caster
Wheel Types1 Use 2
Hard rubber composition throughout.
• Good mobility and floor protection.
o M • High impact resistance.
• Impervious to oil and greases.
Rockite® 75D 100-420 45.4-191 -40 to +158 -40 to +70
Grey thermoplastic rubber tread molded on and mechanically locked to a
polyolefin hub.
• Excellent floor protection and non-marking.
• Abrasion resistant and good impact
p B strength.
• Quiet operation and easy roll.
Rubber • Resistant to water, oil, and most acids and
or TPR Rubber chemicals.
90-100A 75-475 34-215 -45 to +180 -42.8 to +82.2
Composition rubber wheel.
• Combines a soft rubber tread with a hard
q B rubber core.
E
• Quiet movement and cushioned ride.
Ruberex®
75A 70-240 31.8-109 -40 to +158 -40 to +70
Cast iron toughened with steel. Also see Cast Iron.
• High load rating. • Weight.
• Easy roll with heavy loads. • Can be noisy.
r Q
• Super tough with long wear. • Poor shock protection of loads.
• Takes shock impact well. • Can mar or scratch floors.
Semi-steel
175-1400 79.4-635 -50 to +500 -45.6 to +260
Compacted and sintered powdered iron.
• Concentric and smooth tread. • Weight.
s D • Cast iron strength.
Sintered Iron 150-450 68-204 -40 to +500 -40 to +260

Black soft rubber tread molded on black hard rubber core.
• For use with Light-Medium Loads on hard
floors.
t B • Excellent load protection.
• Quiet operation.
• Absorbs shock and vibration.
Soft Rubber
70-85A 75-350 34-159 -40 to +125 -40 to +51.7
Polyurethane molded to and mechanically locked to an aluminum hub.
G • Provides easy rolling and high load capacity. • Grease fitting for periodic
H
u I • Good floor protection. lubrication.
J • Long service life.
Urethane on
Aluminum 55D 750-1350 340-612 -20 to +180 -6.67 to +82.2
Cushioned rubber tread permanently vulcanized to semi-steel core.
• Quiet movement with heavy loads.
v B • Moldec core provides added strength.
• Reinforced, double thick hub.
Vulcanized Rubber 75D 380-1870 172-848 -40 to +158 -40 to +70
Material Handling
NOTES 1) Small case letter ID’s are referenced from Table 9.

2) Letter codes listed correspond with wheel material specifications and comparisons of Table 15.
Along with Cable and Chain Considerations, information in this section can be used to assist in the
CABLE AND CHAIN proper selection of cable and chain products along with related attachments and components. When
SOLUTIONS selecting components for cable or chain assemblies, safety is the number one criteria. Several notes,
cautions, warnings and other statements are included to stress the importance of safety in cable and
chain solutions.
WARNING: The chains and attachments shown in this catalog with the NO LIFTING SIGNS are designed for general
purpose applications, and are not to be used for lifting or hoisting purpose or where chain failure is likely
to cause injury to persons or damage to property.
Chain Sling A variety of sling types and styles can be used to serve a wide range of applications. Slings can either
be assembled from the sling components listed in Table 22, or special ordered from the Reid catalog.
Types
Table 17: Mechanical vs. Welded Slings
Sling Type Pros Cons
Preassembled special order or assembled from mechanical components and chain purchased
Mechanical from Reid catalog.
• Components can be replaced in field. • Not as strong as welded.
All links in the sling are welded closed.
Welded • Generally stronger. • Special order only.

• Have a higher WLL. • Cannot repair in field, should be repaired at
• More durable. a qualified facility.
WARNING: DO NOT EXCEED WORKING LOAD LIMIT. USE ONLY ALLOY CHAIN WITH COMPATIBLE COMPONENTS
FOR OVERHEAD LIFTING.
The following figures illustrate some typical sling configurations.
Figure 7: Single Branch Chain Sling Types
Single Branch Welded Slings

L
D
P
Rea ch a s Required
Sling Cradle Cradle and Oblong Two Foundry

Hook Hook Sling Hook Oblong Sling Hooks Hook
Single Branch Mechanical Slings
Material Handling
Slings can be single, double, triple, quad, or custom weld and mechanical configurations as shown in
the next figure.
Figure 8: Other Chain Sling Types
Double Branch1 Adjustable1,2 Adjustable1,2 Adjustable3 Loop Adjust-A-Link™

Style A Style B
L1 L
L1 L1
P
P1 D
D1 D1
P1
D1
P1
ed
d
ire
ir
qu
qu
d
Re
Re
uire
ired
as
as
Req
Requ
h
h
ac
ac
as
Re
h as
Re
ch
Reac
Rea
Triple Branch Quad Branch Basket Endless Endless Chain
(Round)
NOTE: 1) Various hook styles are available as in Figure 7.

2) Style A has short grab hook chain, Style B has long grab hook chain.
Cable Selection [7] Proper cable selection is more than simply thumbing through a list of cable specifications.
Laboratory tests were used to generate tables in this section, which are used to determine the best
cable size and type for a given application. The charts also help to determine the best life of the cable
relative to the number of cycles or times used.
Pulley Selection [7] When cable is used over pulleys, the cable life can be significantly prolonged by proper groove
design. Laboratory tests prove that improper groove design reduces cable bending life to 90%. These
same tests show that doubling a pulley diameter can increase cable bending life up to thirteen times.
Also, pulley diameters less than sixteen rope diameters fall into a range in which cable life is relatively
low.
Cable life is reduced as the groove radius changes from the contour of the cable to a flat surface.
For maximum cable life, the groove should make contact with the cable on at least 1/3 of the cable
circumference.
The Pulley Diameter Factor (PF ) listed in Table 18 was determined from lab test results. This value is
used to determine Optimal Pulley Diameter using Eq. 3. Optimum pulley diameter, optimizes cable life.
Table 18: Recommended Minimum Pulley Diameter Factor (PF )

Cable Construction Pulley Diameter Factor (PF )1
3x7 50
7x7 40
7 x 19 25
7 x 49 15
NOTE: Factor to be multiplied by rope diameter (uncoated) to get recommended pulley diameter.
Eq. 3: Calculating Optimal Pulley Root Diameter
PO = CD x PF
Material Handling
Where: PO = Optimal pulley diameter. Selected pulley should have a diameter equal to, or
larger than, this value.
CD = Bare cable diameter (without coating, if exists).
PF = Pulley Factor obtained from Table 18.
Steps 1 through 4 of the Cable Selection Procedure, discussed later in this document, include
information on selecting the best pulley diameter for the cable size selected.
Cable Factor Cable Factor (CF ) is calculated in Eq. 4 and applied to the chart in Figure 9 to determine cable type
based on the best life cycle. To determine the best cable for an application, read and follow the
procedures in this section. Further calculations will be required if a pulley is used.
Figure 9: Cable Life Cycle Chart
7x7 Construction 3X7 Construction 7x19 or 7x49 Construction 7x7 Construction

Nylon Coated Nylon Coated Nylon Coated Uncoated
CABLE LIFE CYCLE CHART

1000
CABLE FACTOR (CF )
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0 .2 .4 .6 .8 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.6

CYCLES in MILLIONS (TO FAILURE)
NOTE: The numbers on this chart were determined under laboratory conditions and are intended to
serve as a guide. Since there is considerable variation in application, we recommend actual life
tests for your intended use.
Eq. 4: Calculating Cable Factor (CF )

T
CF
CD P
If no pulley (transposing the formula yields an estimated cable diameter using Figure 9):
T
CD
CF
Where: CF = Cable Load Factor - used to determine cable cycle life from the chart in
Figure 9.
Material Handling
T = Maximum tension on the cable.

CD = Bare cable diameter (without coating, if exists).
P = Root diameter of selected pulley. See Pulley Selection for details.
Eq. 4 is used to determine a Cable Factor value. This value is then applied to Figure 9 to determine
cable type based on the desired life cycle of the cable. An estimating cable diameter with a pulley can
be found using Eq. 5.
Eq. 5: Estimating Cable Diameter (CD )

CFT
CD
PF
Cable Selection [7] Use this procedure for selecting the best cable for your application. The procedure uses applicable
Procedure charts and equations included in this section.
Step Action / Results Supporting Information

1. Determine the working load or tension to Working load can be:
be applied to the cable. • The weight of a load being lifted or suspended.
This is value “T” in Eq. 4. • The amount of force or tension exerted on a cable
strung from point A to point B.
2. Select cable from Reid catalog or special A cable capable of lifting or supporting 10 times the
order from Reid Customer Service with working load should add a sufficient safety factor to the
a breaking strength at least 10 times the application for safe operation for the cycle life used in this
working load obtained from Step 1. procedure.
3. Using cable specifications, determine the Bare cable diameter is the metal-to-metal diameter minus
bare cable diameter. any coating.
This is value “CD” in Eq. 4.
4. If a pulley is used, select pulley diameter Optimal pulley root diameter using Eq. 3:
using these steps:
PO = CD x PF
A. Determine the optimal pulley root
diameter (PO ) using Eq. 3. • Pulley diameters can be found in the Reid catalog
B. Select the best pulley from the Reid listings, print or online form.
Catalog and use its root diameter as • Select a pulley with a root diameter equal to or larger
value “P” in Eq. 4. than PO.
• If multiple pulleys are to be used, same diameter
pulleys are recommended; otherwise base selection on
smallest pulley diameter.
5. Calculate Cable Factor (CF) using Eq. 4. Cable Factor using Eq. 4:
CF = T / (C D
x P)
If no pulley is used, set P = 1.
6. Use Figure 9 to select the best cable A system frequently cannot be designed for
type for the application at the desired optimum conditions. The formula and chart show
cycle life. that a trade-off can be made between cable size,
pulley size, and cable life.
Example: Determine the cable size, pulley diameter, and cycle life for a counterweight system working with a load
of 15 lbs. Anticipated life of cable should be 2,000,000 cycles.
Step 1 Determine Working Load.
Step 2 From the Reid Catalog, uncoated CBL-1010 has a Breaking Strength of 150 lbs.
Step 3 From the specifications in the catalog, CBL-1010 also has a diameter of 0.036 (CD ) and
7x7 strand.
Material Handling
Step 4 Multiply cable diameter 0.036 by 40 (PF for 7x7 strand cable) yields a pulley groove
diameter (P) of: 0.036 x 40 = 1.44.
T 15
Step 5 Calculating Cable Factor: CF 289
C D P 0.036 r 1.44
Step 6 By applying Step 5 results to the Chart in Figure 9, it is seen that a 7x7 bare cable
will have an expected cycle life of only 400,000 cycles, which is not sufficient for the
application. When a nylon-coated CBL-1210 or CBL-312 cable is selected, the Cable
Factor line will not intersect the curve on the cable for a 7x7 or 7x19 coated, which puts
the cycle life off the chart at the calculated Cable Factor.
The 7x7 coated cable is less expensive than the 7x19 and would be the logical choice.
How Pulley Size Affects The radius of bend has affect on the strength of cable. In order to take this into account in selecting the
Cable Strength size pulley to be used with a given diameter cable, the following table can be used as a guide:
Table 19: Pulley vs. Cable Strength.

Ratio “A” Strength Efficiency
= Pulley DIA./Cable DIA. Compared to Catalog Strength In %
40 95
30 93
20 91
15 89
10 86
8 83
6 79
4 75
2 65
1 50
DATA ON STRETCH Two kinds of stretch occur in cable – constructional stretch and elastic stretch. They are due to two
OF CABLE AND different causes.
STRAND
Figure 10: Elastic Stretch Characteristics of Sava Cable
.100
.090
AMOUNT OF STRETCH
.080
PER 10˝ OF LENGTH
.070
.060
.050
.040
.030
.020
.010
10 20 30 40 50
% LOAD OF CABLE BREAKING STRENGTH

NOTE: For construction of 7x7, 7x19, 8x19, and 7x49 cable. The chart represents close approximates.
Material Handling
Constructional Stretch When strand and cable are made, the load at the closing head is light. Therefore, there are small
clearances between the wires and strands, and between the strand and the core. The application of
initial load causes wires and strands to seat properly; and a slight overall elongation of the strand, or
cable, accompanies this section. The amount of constructional stretch is not constant for all cables – it
depends on such variables as type of construction, length of lay, and other factors, including the load
applied.
Elastic Stretch Elastic stretch is the actual elongation of the wires of a strand or a cable. This is caused by the
application of a load up to the yield point of the metal, and the stretch is approximately proportional to
the load applied. When the load is released, strand or cable subjected to elastic stretch, returns to its
approximate original length, providing the stretch has not reached the yield point of the metal.
Removal of Stretch Where the elimination of as much stretch as possible is important, the cables or assemblies can be
proof loaded to remove most of the constructional stretch. For assemblies, this process also verifies
the holding power of the terminals. Proof loading is usually done by applying a 60% load to the cable or
assemblies. This load is based on the minimum breaking strength of the cable or fittings, whichever is
lower. Handling the cable as little as possible after pre-stretching, helps eliminate putting constructional
stretch back in.
Cable Accessories Cable accessories, for the purpose of building a cable assembly or system, are listed in the Reid Supply
Catalog and discussed in this section of the Resource Guide. However, many of the components and
attachments associated with chains can be used with cable assemblies. Follow the same sling and
other considerations for chain when designing with cable.
Contact Reid Customer Service for any accessories not listed in the catalog or information on custom
built cable assemblies.
NOTE: For best results and the most efficient attachment, factory installation is recommended.
Table 20: Cable Accessories

Cable Lbs Pros Cons
Attachments (kg)
Wire Rope Clips are designed for maximum holding strength. Refer to Cable
600- Construction for installation guidelines. For in-between sizes, use next larger size.
1600
(272- • Heavy-duty construction throughout. • Tools required.
726) • Cable can be disassembled and reassembled
Clips for repairs.
Loop sleeves are used for eye and lap splicing.
• When crimped on bare cable, standard length • Loop sleeves should not be
loop sleeves generate full breaking strength used with brass cable. Copper,
cable. aluminum, and stainless steel
Loop Sleeves loop sleeves will hold in excess
of 90% of nominal strength of
galvanized or stainless steel
cables.
A variety of pulley styles are available. Pulleys can be made of metal and
non-metal materials. Along with size, durability and mounting should be
criteria in selecting a pulley.
420-
1550 Steps 1 through 4 of the Cable Selection Procedure, discussed later in this
(190- document, includes information on selecting the best pulley diameter for the
703)
Pulleys
cable size selected.
• Lengthen cable life. • Pulley bearing life is inversely
• Reduce force required to move load. proportionate to RPM.
Stop sleeves are used to terminate cable ends and prevent cable fray.
• When crimped on bare cable, standard length • Loop sleeves should not be
loop sleeves generate full breaking strength of used with brass cable.
Stop Sleeves cable.
Material Handling
Cable Lbs Pros Cons

Attachments (kg)
Thimbles are used with loop sleeves or malleable wire clips. Thimbles come in either
cold-rolled steel (zinc plated) or stainless steel (natural finish).
• Protect cable from wear and tear. • Some thimbles may have open
• Help to distribute the load on the cable over a and/or uneven ends.
Thimbles larger area, thereby increasing the life of the
cable.
Special tools are available for cutting cable and crimping loop or stop sleeves.
NOTE: Select tool or cutter carefully; follow recommendations indicated. Contact Reid
Customer Service if in doubt.
• Cutters cleanly cut cable and prevent fraying to • Tools and cutters are not
allow fittings and sleeves to be easily used. returnable.
Tools • Crimpers apply proper crimping pressure and • Strength of joint is a
shape to sleeves. responsibility of the tool user
and should be tested before
use.
Chain A variety of chain styles, Table 21, are available in the Reid Catalog. Both stainless and steel chains
are listed with WLL rating and comparison information. While steel chain has a more general use,
stainless steel is more corrosion-resistant and can be used in food processing, chemical, marine, and
high temperature environments. Certain stainless steel chains may be used for overhead lifting. Some
Information provided by the National Association of Chain Manufacturers [4]. More details can be found
in NACM_Welded.pdf available at www.NACM.info. Contact Reid Customer Service for any questions
relating to chain use and applications or for other chain styles not listed.
When used as part of an assembly, if approved for lifting, all components in the assembly must be
overhead lifting rated and have the same WLL.
Table 21: Chain Styles

Stainless Steel
Chain Styles1 Pros3 Cons4
WLL2 in lbs (kg)
4300- Premium quality, highest strength alloy chain, heat treated.
22600 Used in a variety of sling and tie down applications.
(1950-
Grade 100 10250) • Approved for lifting. • Available upon request.
Premium quality, high strength alloy chain, heat treated.
Widely used for slings, magnets, heavy duty dragging and
3500- pulling.
18100
Grade 80 (1590- • Lifting approved with 4:1 design
Accoloy A8A 8210) factor required for ISO.
• Has excellent energy absorption
properties.
A high quality, high strength carbon steel chain, heat treated.
4700- Primarily used for load binding in transportation industry. Also
6600 used on farms, in lumbering, towing and construction.
(2130-
Grade 70 Transport 2990) • Extremely strong for its light weight. • Not recommended
• Exceptional hardness resists wear. for lifting.
1100- Stainless working loads are based on gradual pull and not shock
2700 loads.
Grade 50 Lifting (500- • Made to Grade 80 dimensions. • Not as strong as

1220) • Can be used under water. Grade 80.
Widely used in industry, construction, agricultural and lumbering
500-2400 5400-
9200 operations.
(227- (2450-
Grade 40 High Test 1090) • High tensile strength. • Not recommended
4170) for lifting.
• Resistant to wear.
Material Handling
Stainless Steel
Chain Styles1 Pros3 Cons4
WLL2 in lbs (kg)
General utility chain for farm, industry and home applications.
1250-
2650 • Great for log chain, cargo lashing, • Not recommended
Grade 30 (567- pipe line hanging, tailgate, guard for lifting.
Proof Coil 1200)
rail, tow and switch chain.
General utility chain made of carbon steel. Uses include: animal
tie chains, agriculture implement chains, platform barrier or guard
440-670 chains, etc.
Coil (200-304)
• Longer links than machine chain. • Not recommended
• Straight link or twist link available. for lifting.
Light duty wire chain is used where high strength is not required.
Jack - Double 5-43 11-60 • Ideal for suspending flower pots, • Not recommended
(2.3-20) (5-27) scales and lighting fixtures. for lifting.
Jack - Single
Short pitch, general utility chain made of carbon steel.
270-700
Machine (122-318) • Compactness with extra flexibility. • Not recommended
• Straight link or twist link available. for lifting.
Wide design permits links to pass one another freely. Extensively
used for animal ties, farm machinery, general utility on farms and
450-600 in industry.
(204-272)
Passing Link • Minimizing kinking and tangling. • Wider than standard
chain.
A flat metal chain suitable for many industrial assemblies.
150-225 106
Sash (68-102) (48) • Operates smoothly over pulleys. • Not recommended
for lifting.
A general utility chain for hardware and manufacturing
applications, such as playground and gym equipment, boats,
90-255 gates, hanging fluorescent lights, swings, etc.
Tenso® (41-116)
• Bright zinc finish. • Not recommended
for lifting.
NOTES: 1) Special requests and more details are available in the catalog, paper or online, and by contacting Reid
Customer Service.
2) Only Alloy Chain should be used for lifting applications. Refer to Table 2 for WLL specifications by
nominal size. Refer to glossary for definition of WLL.
3) If approved for lifting, all assembly components must be overhead lifting rated and have the same WLL
4) If NOT approved for lifting, should be used for general purpose applications.
Lifting Chain and Chain or cable is not much use without end components and attachments, making it part of an
assembly. Strict professional, manufacturing and governmental safety guidelines (Table 1) must be
Cable Attachments followed when assembling, repairing or operating lifting devices.
Where attachments, such as hooks or rings, are desired for use with chain in sustaining loads, care
should be taken to select attachments of the type, grade and size recommended for use with the type,
grade and size chain with which such attachments are used. [4][6]
Material Handling
Table 22: Chain & Cable Attachments

Chain & Cable1 Lbs2 Pros Cons
Attachment (kg)
Shackles are commonly used to connect lifting means with lifting points. Most
shackles meet federal specifications RR-C-217B or D, except 316 stainless.
WLL2
Style1 Pros Cons
Tons
Patented one piece design, with non-removable
1-2.5 bolt. Safety factor = 2.
(0.9- • No tools required.
2.3) • Two step process is
One Piece required to operate.
500 A bolt runs through shackle and is secured by a nut
- 0.5-9.5 and cotter pin.
19000 (0.23- • Cotter pin is used to • Parts may need to
(227 8.6) prevent shackle from be replaced if lost
- Safety coming apart during use. or worn.
Anchor Shackles 86183)
Has a pin that threads into one portion of the
shackle.
0.5-8.5 • Threaded pin prevents • Screw pin can work
(0.23- shackle from spreading. loose during use.
7.7) • Hole in pin can be used Bay need to bind in
Screw Pin
to bind or tether pin to place.
shackle.
• Forged carbon steel and stainless steel

available.
• Meets Federal specification RRC-271D,
Type IV.
Approved for lifting, these hooks attach to chain, cable and other devices directly or
indirectly. Select the hook style which best meets application requirements.
Style1 Grade3 Comments

• Provides a chain to grab hook connection
100 method that completely eliminates
mechanical connection devices.
• Needs no more clearance than the chain, when
80
Clevis Type Grab being pulled from beneath a load.
Engineered to make a rapid, high integrity
2600- 100 chain to hook connections with these major
Eye Hooks 15000 advantages:
• No bulky connection link is required - this
(1180-
permits easy withdrawal of the hook from
6800)
beneath load.
Clevis Type Sling 80
• All hooks are color coded orange to provide
maximum visibility.
• Similar to the Clevis Type Sling hook, but
provides a positive locking mechanism
100 when hook is loaded, and remains locked
during entire lifting operation.
Clevis Hooks Safety • Cannot open accidentally.
• Both clevis eye hooks are available. • Some hooks are not approved
• Can be color coded for easy visibility. for lifting; check catalog.
Material Handling

Attachment (kg)
Forged I.D. tag with wire rope and sleeve connection for sling or other lifting
assembly. Should be attached where not damaged during normal operation.
• OSHA approved tags to include: • Lifting device must be
• ID, Grade, WLL at angle XX°, # legs, Reach inspected and get new tag if
Identification Tags and space for date inspected if desired. missing.
• Information can be stamped or engraved.
These mechanical components are used to build and repair Grade 80 or Grade
100 lifting slings. Refer to Figure 7 and Figure 8 for examples.

These couplers act as a connection device
100 between master link and chain for multiple
leg chain slings. They provide a high strength
connection when used to connect special
attachments to alloy chain assembly.
Mechanical 80
Coupler
Used to assemble chain legs to the master link
100
and/or attach eye type fittings. These couplings
are an essential component to mechanically
Mechanical 80 coupled slings.
Coupling
A common link for assembled slings that allows
3500 100 a safe maximum spread of sling legs without
- binding. The formed and welded construction
20800 is Proof tested and stamped with size and WLL
Master Link 80
(1588 value.
-
9435) A streamlined master ink and coupling assembly
100 used for single leg chain slings. In addition to
Mechanical Sling the stream line characteristics of these couplers,
Components there is a definite advantage to field assembly
Single Leg since other coupling devices are unnecessary.
Master Link 80
Assembly
These are designed to construct a triple or
quadruple chain sling assembly by attaching three
100 or four single leg assemblies. They eliminate
cumbersome connections created by attaching all
legs to a common master link. Refer to Figure 8
for examples.
Triple or
Quadruple Master 80
Assemblies
• Although not as strong as welded sling • Use only with chain of equal or
assemblies, mechanical components can be lower WLL.
assembled and repaired in the field.
NOTES: 1) Special requests and more details are available in the catalog, paper and online, and by contacting Reid
Customer Service.
2) For most lifting components, Rated Weight Capacity is expressed as the Working Load Limit (WLL).
Values listed are for reference only. For actual specifications, refer to the Reid Supply catalog, paper and
online, or contact Reid Customer Service. One metric ton = 1000 kg.
3) Refer to Table 1 and OSHA guidelines application of components and assemblies used for lifting.
Material Handling
Pulling, Securing As with lifting applications, chain or cable is not much use without end components and attachments,
making it part of an assembly. Professional, manufacturing and governmental safety guidelines
and Suspending (Table 1) also apply to many of these devices, and must be followed when assembling, repairing or
Attachments operating.
Where attachments, such as hooks or rings, are desired for use with cable, rope or chain in pulling
securing, or suspending loads, care should be taken to select attachments with a rated capacity equal
to or higher than the cable, rope or chain with which such attachments are used. [4][6]
Table 23: Non-Lifting Chain & Cable Attachments

Attachment (kg)
Hooks allow for connection and disconnection of cable, chain or rope assemblies to
and from loads. A variety of hooks are available.

• Deep, narrow hook for engaging between chain
40 links for secure holding. Hooks available for use
cha
ha
hain
ain.
with grade 30, 40 or 70 chain.
• Not approved for lifting.
30
Clevis Grab
• Wide throat for shackles,, chain tied loads, etc.
40 • Not approved for lifting.
2600-
15000
30
(1180- Clevis Slip
6800)
16-170 Any deviation, such as angular lifts, shock
loads, modifications of the S-hook, will result in
(7.26- drastically reduced maximum loads. Available in
S-Hook 77) steel or stainless steel.
Hooks
100- Spring hooks have loaded interlocking snaps for
2500 quick connecting and disconnecting of chain,
(45- cable and rope assemblies.
Spring 1134)
• Both clevis and eye hooks are available. • Snaps are an alternative to
• Can be color coded for easy visibility. hooks for light applications.
Used to quickly tie off line by wrapping in a “figure eight” fashion.
• Allows infinite adjustment of line position. • Requires wrapping in small
Cleats radii that may be too tight for
some chain or cable.
100- Commonly used to link lifting components of slings and other assemblies for lifting
5000 means.
(45.4- • Attaches accessories quickly without tools. • Use only with chain of equal or
Quick Links 2268) Available in steel or stainless steel lower WLL.
Two piece assemblies with one fixed length of webbing and one adjustable length
of webbing. Accessories include corner protectors and wear pads.
WLL
• Lightweight and easy to operate. • May need protection from
5000 • Meets all DOT, CHP and CVSA sharp edges. Corner
Ratchet
Assemblies (2268) requirements. protectors are available upon
LoadHugger™ • Numerous end fittings are available to handle request.
any requirements.
Used as links for cable, light chain, rope, string, webbed strap, etc.
• Nickel plated steel resists rust.
Rings
Material Handling

Attachment (kg)
Many styles available in steel or stainless steel, inch or metric.
Load2 Safety
Style1 Comments
Lbs (kg) Factor
• Available in steel (suitable for
welding) or stainless steel.
N/A • Not recommended for lifting.
Bent
• If pull angle is >45°, rated
500- capacity is significantly
38000 reduced and Safety Swivel
5:1
500- (226- Hoist Rings are recommended.
38000 Eye Bolt 14515) • Blank eyebolts have no rated
capacity.
(226-
14515) • Available in steel (suitable for
Varies welding) or stainless steel.
Eye Bolts
with N/A • Not recommended for lifting.
weld.
Pad Eye
500- • Available in steel (suitable for
10000 welding) or stainless steel.
5:1 • Not recommended for lifting.
(226-
Threaded Shank 4536)
• Installation and safety information may • Can bend, crack or break if pull
be included with each purchase or angle is not correct. Consider
can be obtained by contacting Reid using a hoist ring.
Customer Service. • Not approved for lifting.
Iron Rust Proof Steel Wire

Used as attachments for rope, cable and light chain.
• Quick operation.
Snaps • Spring loaded safety catch prevents
accidental disengaging.
Turnbuckles are used to control and adjust tension or to make the length
adjustable. Different ends are available. Although the below standard
turnbuckle ends are available, custom ends can be obtained by contacting Reid
Customer Service.
Style Lbs1 (kg)

500-800
500-
Turnbuckle 2200 Eye and Eye (227-363)
(227-
998) Light Duty
Hook and Eye
500-2200
Jaw and Jaw (227-998)
• Body is rotated to adjust length or tension. • To lock position, a jam nut can
• Meets ASTM F1145-92 specifications. be used or ends can be tied.
Material Handling

Attachment (kg)
Recessed or surface mount D-rings, grapples, and rope rings can secure and lift in
a variety of applications.
• Recessed versions allow close stacking • Mounting hardware not
without obstruction during movement. included.
• Gravity or spring loaded returns available.
Tie Down Rings
Made to be securely mounted on flat bed trucks and trailers. Accessories include
mountable winch, winch bar, corner protectors and wear pads.
WLL
• Lightweight and easy to operate. • May need protection from
1600- • Meets all DOT, CHP and CVSA sharp edges.
5000 requirements. • Winches must be properly
(726- • Numerous end fittings are available to handle installed with ratchet pawl
Winch Straps 2270) any requirements. on top of toothed wheel
LoadHugger™ to help prevent accidental
disengagement.
NOTES: 1) Special requests and more details are available in the catalog, paper and online, and by contacting Reid
Customer Service.
2) For most lifting pre-tensioning components, Rated Weight Capacity is expressed as the Working
Load Limit (WLL), otherwise lbs (kg) units are used. Values listed are for reference only. For actual
specifications, refer to the Reid Supply catalog, paper and online, or contact Reid Customer Service.
Anytime material is hoisted or lifted off a secure foundation or surface, potential hazards exist. Lifting
LIFTING SOLUTIONS means and lifting points combine together to accomplish safe lifting of material. The components and
systems listed in this section are approved for lifting by one or more of the standards listed in Table 1.
Drum Lifts The lifting devices listed in this section are designed to lift and transport drums using a chain sling or
other lifting means.
Table 24: Drum Lifts

Lbs
Cable Styles Pros Cons
(kg)
Designed for easy drum lifting and transporting operations with an overhead lifting
device. For use with closed head steel, plastic and fiber 30 and 55 gallon drums
with top lip.
2000
(908) • Constructed of grade 80 chain for OSHA • Drum must have lip.
and ANSI compliance. • Not for use with open head
• Drum clamps include spring loaded latch for drums.
Chain Lifter positive drum grip.
Allows easy lifting and transporting of steel drums with an overhead lifting chain or
1000 hoist. Designed for steel drums with a top lip or chime.
(454) • Ideal for placing drums in secondary • Not for use with open head
containment and salvage drums. drums.
Clutchers
Simple three-arm design and easy to use. Completely mechanical operation.
• Lifts closed head 30 and 55 gallon plastic, • Drum must have lip.
800 steel and fiber drums with top lip. • Not for use with open head
(363) • Removable arms act as wrenches to drums.
remove drum plugs, faucets and rim ring
bolts.
Drum Lift • Breaks down for easy storage.
Material Handling
Lifting Points Combined with Lifting Means, Lifting Points are used to lift material from a secure surface or foundation.
Approved Lifting Points are attached directly to material according to instructions provided with
purchase. If not included, contact Reid Customer Service. When selecting a connection device, from
Table 25, for lifting:
• Ensure the rated WLL is equal to, or greater than, the weight of the load at the Lifting Point and at
the angle of lifting force applied by the Lifting Means. Refer to the previous section on Using Lifting
Means and Lifting Points.
• The Lifting Point device must be able to, at least, support the weight of the attached load at the
angle applied by the Lifting Means.
• All company, professional and governmental regulations are adhered to.
• Installation and safety information may be included with each purchase or can be obtained by
contacting Reid Customer Service.
Table 25: Lifting Points

Lbs
Lifting Point Pros Cons
(kg)
Many styles available in steel or stainless steel, inch or metric. All devices in this
section are approved for lifting. Non-lifting eye nuts and bolts are found in cable
and chain solutions.
WLL1 Safety
Style Comments2
Lbs (kg) Factor
1250- • Adjusting to direction of pull is
10000 recommended.
5:1 • Rotation during transportation must
(544-
Eye Nut 4536) be avoided.
• Suitable for turning and tilting of

990-
990- loads. Not suitable for permanent
7700
38000 4:1 swiveling under full load.
(450- • Safety instructions included with
(450- Load Ring 3500)
Multidirectional each purchase.
14515)
• Full swivel and pivoting action allows
Eye 1000- flipping and turning of parts without
Nuts and Bolts 4000 unhooking.
5:1
(454- • Tamper resistant design.
1814) • Installation tool, sold separately, is
Swivel sized for proper torque.
NOTES: 1) Refer to glossary for definition of WLL.
2) More details are available in the catalog, paper or online, and by
contacting Reid Customer Service.
• Swivel allows eye to move freely with • Non swivel versions must be
direction of pull by sling. adjusted to direction of pull for
maximum performance.
The first generation of lifting and lashing points with a universal connection for
every sling means (hook and ring assembly, basket chains, round slings, loops,
etc).
1385- • Double ball bearings for smooth tilting,
17600 twisting, and turning.
(628- • 180° pivot and 360° swivel.
Swivel & Pivot 7711) • Pink powder coat transitions to black with
Hook exposure to excessive heat.
• Avoids damage to the sling means, and the
precious load, during turning.
Material Handling
Lbs
Lifting Point Pros Cons
(kg)
As shown to the left, hoist rings attach to a load or lifting device using a threaded
hole. Installation and inspection instructions are included with each shipment.
WLL1 Safety Pivot Swivel

Style Comment2
Lbs (kg) Factor (deg) (deg)
• Uses a bar for
10000
5:1 180 360 quick removal.
(4540)
Bar-Tite™
• Quick attachment
10000 without tools.
5:1 180 0
(4540)
Fast-Lok™
800- • Rated loads
10000 based on torques
5:1 180 360
(363- listed.
Heavy Duty 4540)
550- • Bolt kits are
(Shown to left) 30000 available.
5:1 180 360
Heavy Duty Style (249-
13600)
550- • Bolt kits are
30000 available.
5:1 180 360
Safety Engineered (249-
13600)
550- 650- • Ideal for flipping
30000 7100 loads.
(249- 5:1 360
Side Pull (295-
13600) 3220)
650- • Full swivel and
7100 pivot action.
Hoist Rings 5:1 180 360
Side Pull (295-
/Full Swivel 3220)
10000 • UNC thread type

5:1 180 360 available.
Spin-N-Lock™ (4540)
2000- • High strength

20000 screws must be
6:1 180 0
(907- used.
Stationary 9070)
400- • Straight lift only.
6000 • Has 3 thread
180 0
(181- types.
Universal 2720)
NOTES: 1) Refer to glossary for definition of WLL. Refer to the section on
Hoist Ring Use.
2) Replacement bolt kits are designed exclusively for the
corresponding American Drill Bushing hoist rings listed in the
Reid Supply catalog.
• Depending on hoist ring, the bail is allowed • Threads depend on bolt size.
to pivot and/or swivel with the angle of the • Swivel styles must be free to
sling’s pulling force. swivel 360°.
• Metric sizes are available for most styles. • Require periodic inspection,
depending on frequency of use.
Material Handling
Material Lifting In this section, various lifting solutions can be found for one or more of these purposes: transportation,
handling, repair, assembly or disassembly.
Devices
Table 26: Material Lifting Devices
Lbs1
Lifting Device Pros Cons
(kg)
Steel or aluminum gantry cranes help position equipment where needed.
• Four swivel casters for maximum • Assembly required.
2000- maneuverability that lock wheel and swivel. • Hoist and trolly not included.
6000 • Accepts most manual and electric hoists
(907- and trollies.
2720) • Adjustable height.
• Aluminum version can easily disassemble
Gantry Crane and reassemble for portable use.
Available with grade 80 or 100 chain, hoists are tested at 150% rated capacity and
include reliable braking systems.
1000-
• Lightweight and portable.
6000
• Durable and easy to operate.
(454- • Meets industry standards.
2720)
• Lever hoists operate vertically or
horizontally.
Manual Hoist
Designed to elevate workers to heights that are comfortable and ergonomically
correct.
• Especially useful when multiple shift • Ergo-matting should be used in
employees operate the same piece of dry environments.
500 machinery. • Need to move for cleaning under
(227) • Height is adjustable on each leg. platform.
• Serrated style platform ensures safe footing,
Platform wet or dry.
• Ergo-matting is ideal when working and
standing for long periods of time.
Material Handling
Lbs1
Lifting Device Pros Cons
(kg)
Used to lift objects to a workable height, several styles of manual, electric or air
driven tables available. Some tables also transport work and/or goods, these will
be listed under Transport Solutions.
Style Lbs1 Pros Cons

(kg)
For use when powerful fork trucks are not available.
3000 • Pallets can be raised to • Stationary, without
psi an ergonomic working casters.
(20.7 height. • Potential pinch
Mpa)
• Optional accordion points.
Ground Lift skirting available.
Hydraulics are used to raise and lower table height.
Used for most lifting operations to control height
200-
6000 • Manual foot pump or
(91- electric operation.
2720)
• Include casters for
Post portability.
200- Stationary table for lifting large objects.
6000 3000 • Larger than post style. • Stationary, without
(90- psi casters.
(20.7 • Many safety features.
2720) • Potential pinch
Mpa)
points.
Scissors
Designed to bring work to an ergonomically correct
Tables position.
• Lifts and tilts work to • Limited work area,
150-
300 more ergonomic position. but typically used
(68- • Improves productivity. within a work
136) • Decreases fatigue and station, or moved
risk of injury. from workstation to
• Transports work to workstation.
Work Stand another location.
• Built in safety features. • May tip if object is not properly

• Easily lifts objects for assembly, packaging, placed and centered on table,
and any operations to avoid bending, especially during transporting.
twisting and back strain.
• Electric/hydraulic units have hand or foot
control options.
• Many versions and styles are available.
Material Handling
Lifting Solution Unlike devices in the previous table, these devise aid in lifting and require other equipment to do so.
Attributes Table 27: Material Lifting Device Attributes
Lbs2
Lifting Attribute1 Pros Cons
(kg)
Easily attaches to almost any fork truck with forks positioned on 24” centers. Used
to move long and awkward loads, or rounded and odd-shaped loads; plus, working
in narrow aisles. Can reach into, under, over or around immovable barriers.
• Safety restraints secure boom to carriage of • Capacity depends on lift truck
fork truck. specifications.
Boom
• Telescoping boom length adjusts from 80” to
144” (2 m to 3.66 m).
Extensions fit into each fork to extend length up to 150%, and give extra support
needed to lift long or large objects with fork truck.
• Steel straps prevent forks from slipping off • Does not increase lifting
during use. capacity of fork truck.
• Specialty extensions are available upon • OSHA regulations require
Fork Extensions request. extensions to be no more than
• Available storage rack allows installation and 150% of the existing fork length.
removal without exiting truck.
Transforms any fork truck into an overhead lifting hoist. Double-fork design features
fork openings located on 13” centers.
4000- • Safety chain with snap hook secures unit to • Capacity also depends on lift
10000 fork truck carriage. truck specifications.
• 4-prong locking screws secure unit to forks.
(1810-
• Includes heavy-duty hook with safety latch.
4540)
Hoisting Hook
Single and dual door units lift workers up to work area. Tine lock must be engaged
to secure platform to forks.
• Folding version available.
1000
• Secures to fork truck carriage for security.
(454) • Meets California OSHA specifications.
• Casters, pocket, and work shelf accessories
Lift Truck available.
Work Platform
Used by dock workers, riggers, and freight handlers to temporarily lift heavy objects.
4200- • Raises heavy objects high enough for fork • Not recommended for
5000 lift, hand truck or other lifting device to get transporting or moving objects.
underneath.
(1910- • Wood or steel handle styles available.
2270) • Wheels make bar easily maneuverable and
create an excellent pivot point.
Pry Lever Bar
Material Handling
Lbs2
(kg)
These slings offer an excellent alternative to standard chain slings shown in
Figure 7 and Figure 8.
Figure 11: Round and Eye-Eye Sling Configurations

Sling Type Vertical Choker Basket
Loop:
Eye &
Eye:
Capacity2
Style1 Comments
Vert. Choker Basket
Good choice for general purpose

lifting in environments too rugged
0.65- 0.48-
1.3-20 for synthetic slings.
9.8 7.2
(1.1- • Reserve strength.
Permalok™ (0.59- (0.44- • Good abrasion resistance.
18.1)
8.9) 6.5)
• Tuff-Tag identification on every
sling shows rated capacities.
960-
42400 Round slings with a double wall
(435- cover for greater life and added
19232) protection.
1.3- 1.05- 2.6- • Wear points can be shifted to
10.6 8.5 21.2 extend life of the sling.
(1.2- (0.95- (2.4- • Chokes tighter and releases
Sling 9.6) 7.7) 19.2) easier than other slings.
Hookless • Color coded for rated capacity.
• Has red core warning yarn
Teflex® inspection system.
Proven sling web construction
with red core warning yarns.
Webbing is approximately 3/16”
thick.
Web 0.8- 0.63- 1.6- • Tuff-Tag provides required
Tuff-Edge®II 5.75 4.6 11.5 OSHA information for the life of
(0.73- (0.57- (1.45- the sling.
Eye-Eye
or 5.22) 4.17) 10.4) • Blue polymer edge yarns
Endless designed to resist abuse and
extend sling life.
• Silver color body yarns are
treated to also resist abrasion.
NOTES: 1) Other styles and configurations available upon request.
2) Maximum Rated Capacity shown in tons.
• No hooks or other attachments required. • Covering of Teflex® sling can

• One sling can be used for a variety of wear, but life is extended by
applications. shifting contact points.
• Easy to store and maintain.
Material Handling
Lbs2
(kg)
Use these attachments with lifting systems designed and used to lift and transport
material of a specific size and shape.
Lbs1
Style Pros Cons
(kg)
Designed for lifting heavy coils with overhead lifting
1000- device.
2000
• Easily positions coils
(454-
from horizontal to vertical
908)
Coil Hook position.
Designed for lifting cast iron or steel pipe with an
overhead lifting device.
• Automatic operation • Loads need to
1000 allows for easy use by be centered and
(454) anyone. guided during lifting
• Heavy-duty steel operation.
Pipe Grab
construction with painted
finish.
1000- Clamps designed for vertical and horizontal lifting
10000 of plate material are available. Serrated gripper is
(454- hardened tool steel.
2000-
4540) • Heavy duty steel • Horizontal clamps
10000
(908- construction is designed are priced and sold
4540) to last for years. as each, but must
• Meets ASME B30.20 be used in pairs.
Plate Clamp specifications (refer to
Table 1).
Designed for lifting I-beams or dies with an
overhead lifting device.
• The heavier the load, the • Loads need to
Tools for Lifting 2000- stronger the grip. be centered and
6000 guided during lifting
• Includes lifting ring for
(908- easy use with overhead operation.
2720) hoist.
• Meets ASME B30.20
Tongs specifications (refer to
Table 1).
• Securely grasps and supports intended • Should only be used for the type
material shapes during transport. of material shape for which it is
• Can be used with almost any lifting system. designed.
Used with Gantry Crane or compatible I-beam. Includes four rollers with sealed
bearings for long life.
1000- • Dependable, easy, and safe to use. • If no end stop, can roll off end
8000 • Adjustable to any S, H, W and M type of beam.
(454- I-beam using an adjusting screw that locks
3630) in position, and can be used as a brake.
Trolly
Material Handling
Packaging solutions include devices for preparing packages, or equipment for shipping and storage.
PACKAGING
SOLUTIONS Table 28: Material Packaging Device Styles
Packing Styles Pros Cons
Universal strapping carts are designed for use with both Poly and Steel strapping. Now
you only need one cart for both types of strapping. Three versions are available: Universal,
Vertical/Horizontal and Probe.
• All carts include storage tray for clips, seals and • Probe cart accepts polypropylene
tools. strapping.
• Vertical/horizontal carts include a crank for
switching strap roll between vertical and horizontal
Strapping Carts positions for adding straps on sides of load.
• Probe cart includes probe for feeding strapping
through pallet.
This fully portable semi-automatic strapping machine dispenses, tightens, and seals
economical polypropylene strapping around packages or bundles greater than 3”.
• Automatically tensions strap and joins the ends • Accepts polypropylene strapping.
with a secure heat weld in seconds. • Requires 115V single phase 15
• Motor automatically switches off, when not in use, amp electrical power source.
and automatically restarts as the strap is inserted.
Strapping Machine • Probe version is also available.
Two versions of hand-held stretch wrappers are available with different handles at top of roll.
• Ergonomic design reduces both bending and
fatigue.
• Lightweight, freewheeling dispensers maintain
precision tension control for a tight, smooth
application.
Stretch Wrapper
Semi-automatic operation makes stretch wrap application simple and quick.
• Increases productivity by automatically turning and • Stationary, not portable.
wrapping pallet and load. • Ships knockdown, some assembly
• Foot petal start/stop for rotation and manual up/ required.
down motion of shrink wrap on mast.
• Adjustable wrap height with variable speed control.
Stretch Wrap • Optional approach ramp for pallet truck or other
Machine ground level transport devices.
Unwanted injury, damage or repair costs can be avoided with the proper protective system. A wide
PROTECTION variety of systems are available to protect floor mounted systems, racks, equipment and building
SOLUTIONS components. Most protective components are painted bright yellow to offer visual protection along with
physical protection. Permanent, semi-permanent and temporary solutions are available.
Table 29: Material Protection Device Styles

Safety Styles Pros Cons
Floor or wall mount barriers are perfect for restaurants, offices, hospitals, schools, and banks.
• Keep lines flowing smoothly. • Different styles may not be
• Cloth web is adjustable and self retracts for easy compatible with each other.
setup, breakdown and storage. • Wall mount hardware not included.
• Each floor mount barrier has one cloth barrier
strip and three latch points for other floor or wall
Barrier
mount webs.
• Over 20 colors and color combinations of web
material is available upon request.
Material Handling
Safety Styles Pros Cons

Bollards can be used indoors and outdoors to protect work areas, racking and personnel. A
wide variety of industrial and ornamental bollards are available.
• Folding bollards fold down to allow trucks to pass • Mounting kits sold separately.
over. • Permanent mounting systems
• Movable bollards have wheels for temporary use. create holes in floors or walls
• Ornamental bollards are removable and more that should be filled if moved or
appealing. removed.
• Pour-in-place bollards are designed to be placed
in newly poured concrete for permanent use.
• Self storing bollards sink into the ground or floor
when not needed.
• Spring loaded bollards lean at an angle when
Bollards bumped and make an audible warning sound,
then spring back when object is moved.
• Steel pipe safety bollards are permanently
mounted and have removable caps. They can be
filled with concrete or sand.
Two-piece or modular design protects in-plant columns and other vertical support members.
Hardware is included to connect pieces together.
• Modular Guard System can be ordered to fit • Mounting kits sold separately.
almost any application. Custom sizes available. • Permanent mounting systems
• Guards are assembled around column or pipe create holes in floors or walls
Column & Pipe and permanently mounted. that should be filled if moved or
Protectors • Can be used indoors and outdoors. removed.
Protect personnel and equipment both visually and physically with our Guard Rail Systems.
Choose our galvanized guard rail or our structural c-channel guard rail, both offer maximum
durability and protection. Drop-In and Bolt-On styles available.
• Can be utilized indoors or outdoors. • Mounting kit sold separately.
• One, two, or three rail high systems are available. • Permanent mounting systems
• Posts are machined for continuous or create holes in floors or walls
Guard Rails
perpendicular rail mounting. that should be filled if moved or
• Straight and curved rails are available with removed.
rounded ends or end caps.
Ideal for in-plant use to protect expensive equipment. A bar runs horizontally half way up on
42” high units. Various heights and lengths are available.
• Offers visual and physical protection. • Mounting kits sold separately.
• High, low, corner, and straight post guards are • Permanent mounting systems
also available. create holes in floors or walls
Machine Guards
that should be filled if moved or
removed.
Many versions of rack guards protect corners, rack supports, equipment, overhead doors
and door tracks, and walls. Metal, rubber and plastic guards are available.
• Some plastic and rubber guards can be mounted • Mounting kits sold separately.
anywhere on racks without additional hardware. • Permanent mounting systems
• Protectors are available that protect racks and create holes in floors or walls
other systems from all directions. that should be filled if moved or
Rack Guard • Minimal to high impact protection can be selected. removed.
Permanent rails protect people from uneven walkways and mezzanine drop-off’s. Portable
rails are lightweight, one-piece handrails that are both attractive and functional.
• Can be joined together to form long runs using • Portable rails can be easily shifted
connectors or built-in system. and moved.
• Mounting options include socket sleeves, • Mounting kits sold separately.
barricade base, or cast steel sockets for • Permanent mounting systems
convenient handrail removal. create holes in floors or walls
Safety Rails • More attractive designs are available for public that should be filled if moved or
and other non-industrial applications. removed.
Material Handling
Protection Solution These components are used to support or decorate protection systems. The list includes solutions for
mounting, expanding, servicing, and protection of protection solution devices listed in the previous table.
Attributes
Table 30: Material Protection Device Attributes
Attributes Pros Cons
Make rails totally portable and temporary by using a support base with feet.
• Unlike sockets or metal sleeves, non- • Assembly required.
mounted bases add flexibility to rail systems. • System may be transported and stored
• Rails can be adjusted as needed. when not needed.
Base with Feet
Used to make bollards more attractive in public areas.
• Domes cover mounting hardware at base. • Like all protection systems, these can
They improve looks and eliminate potential be marred or damaged from repeated
tire and tripping hazards. impact, but are easily replaced.
• Post covers change the appearance of, and
protect, the bollard.
• Caps can easily be replaced if lost or stolen.
Press-fit and weldable steel or molded
rubber caps are available.
• Domes, Covers and Caps:
− Can be easily cleaned.
Bollard Domes,
Covers & Caps − Can be replaced if marred or damaged.
− Are an excellent alternative to painting.
Used to permanently mount a variety of protection systems to concrete floor or wall.
• Easy to install. • Bolt size is determined by required
• Uses pre-drilled through lag holes for strength and amount of support needed,
mounting. not all systems use the same size bolts.
• Kits are specified for all bollards, guards and • Permanent mounting systems create
Concrete Anchor
Bolt Kit rails to include the correct size and number holes in floors or walls that should be
of bolts required. filled if moved or removed.
Long runs and corners can be created by connecting rails together. Used for rails that do
not have built-in connection systems. Two male and two female connectors are provided in
each kit.
• Creates a pivot point for rails to be • Not required if permanent mounting is
positioned in line, circle, or at any angle. used: metal sleeve, sockets or concrete
• Male pins can be mounted in opposite mounting kit.
Connectors directions to prevent separation. • Tools and assembly required.
• Adds strength to rail system.
Several styles of rails offer gate options.
• Gates provide controlled access to protected • May need occasional lubrication.
area.
• In many cases, gate height is adjustable.
• Self-closing gates are available.
Gates • Can be right or left handed.
Used for concrete mounting.
• Easy to install. • Permanently mounted in cement.
• Very strong support. • ID must match rail OD to avoid tilting.
• Rail easily slips in and out as needed. • Can collect dirt and debris when not in
Metal Sleeve use.
Although the post is permanently mounted, some guard rails are not and can be removed.
An example would be to allow vehicles into an otherwise protected area for transporting
goods or regular maintenance.
• Allow temporary entry into protected areas. • Temporary rails offer less protection than
• Simplifies cleaning or painting of rails and permanent ones.
posts.
Removable Rails
Material Handling

Single and double sockets are available. Double sockets allow rails to combined for long
runs and around corners.
• An above ground alternative to metal • Mounting kits sold separately.
sleeves.
• Accept wood 2” x 4” or 2” x 6” when toe
Sockets boards are required.
Used on conveyors, belt idlers, shock cushioners, stamping die part guides, supports, etc. Designed
ROLLER SOLUTIONS for use in machines and assembly operations where part movement and protection is needed. Metal
(Table 31) or rubber (Table 32) rollers are available. For material properties, refer to Table 3 or Table 6.
Table 31: Metal Roller Styles

Lbs1
Roller Styles Pros Cons
(kg)
Recirculating balls are used to support loads during transport in any direction. Ideal
for multi-directional Material Handling, positioning, and/or conveyance applications.
Lbs1
Style Pros Cons
(kg)
Solid steel body ball transfers, designed for heavy
and impact load applications.
264-
770 • Sealed with self cleaning • Weight.
(120- hole.
350) • Hardened steel, stainless
Heavy Duty steel, and higher
capacities available.
Flange mounted with a low profile.
26- • Steel version is sealed. • Food and other

496 • Stainless styles are debris may collect
available for harsh in rollers if too large
(12- conditions: to wash out.
Low Profile 225)
− multi-hole filtration.
22- − no oil and no seal.
2204
Uses Type 420 stainless balls.
(10- 132-
1000) 1344 • Most include felt seal.
Ball Transfers • Zinc plated.
(60-
Medium Duty 610) • Operates at max 212°F
(100°C).
Spring loaded ball recesses under pressure.
• A firm base is obtained • Relatively low
as ball sinks below capacity per ball.
22- surface.
901 • Spring lifts ball up for
(10- transport.
409) • Ideal for presses, shears
Spring Loaded or similar machinery.
• Flange or non-flange
available.
• Loads can be easily moved or rotated. • Several may be required for

• Total capacity is determined by number and weight distribution.
density of balls in system.
• Larger capacity than ball casters.
• Operates in any position or orientation
Material Handling
Lbs1
Roller Styles Pros Cons
(kg)
Used for handling large work in drill presses or band saw machines. They are
placed between work and machine so that the work can easily be moved.
3000 • Black oxide finish for corrosion resistance.
Ball Bearing (1360) • Have 3/8” (9.52 mm) hardened steel balls.
Parallels
• Balls are exposed on both sides of 1/4”
(6.35 mm) parallel.
Individual, multidirectional rollers in rails that easily move material or packages.
25-90
• Five and ten foot lengths can be placed end
(11-41) to end for increased distance.
per • Placed parallel for more capacity.
Roll Flex™ wheel • Objects and packages can be transferred,
sorted or turned in any direction.
100 Plank system consisting of linear rollers placed 4 inches (102 mm) apart. Plank
(45.4) mounting plates are welded at 24 inch (610 mm) intervals. Butt style plank
connections are available.
up to
15000 • Rollers can be light, medium or heavy duty. • Roller, retainer & plank ordered
(6800) • Excellent for liner conveyance of loads. separately.
Roller Bed
NOTES: 1) Capacity specified per ball or roller.
Table 32: Rubber Roller Styles

Roller Styles Hardness1 Pros Cons
Designed to be attached to, and driven by, a shaft. The soft rubber, or
elastomer, is bonded to a metal core with mounting screws.
• Two set screws for extra secure mounting • If set screws are not
to shaft. properly tightened, drive
Drive • Can drive or cause movement of material rollers can free turn on
or parts. shaft.
Ideal for production and assembly applications.
• Provides a gentle, but firm, touch. • Softer rubber is more
20-80A
• Unique shape of holes adds to soft touch. easily damaged.
Durasoft
Ideal for production and assembly applications requiring minimum contact.
• Contact area is minimized. • Softer rubber is more
20-60A • Provides a gentle, but firm, touch. easily damaged.
Finned
Used as a free-rolling roller on shaft or post.
• Positive grip. • May need occasional
30-90A • Uses brass bushing or ball bearings. lubrication or maintenance.
• Excellent for guiding and supporting material
Idler or parts during movement.
Molded from black neoprene or colored urethane. Urethane rollers are color
coded for durometer hardness.
20-60A • Depending on size, stud mount types have • Blue can change to green
by color one or two row bearings. when exposed to UV light.
• Solid rollers are bonded to steel insert.
Solid • Shaft mounts have two screws for secure
mounting.
Material Handling
Roller Styles Hardness1 Pros Cons

®
Made from K-prene urethane. Low cost alternative for wheels, casters,
rollers, sheaves, etc. Blue outer tire is bonded to brown hub.
90A tire • Can serve as a bearing in some

applications.
75D hub
• Inner hub is hard anti-friction bearing.
Versa Roll™ • Available in 12” & 24” (305 & 610 mm) or
custom lengths that are cut to size.
NOTES: 1) Hardness specified in Shore test A or test D durometer units. Refer to Table 6 and Figure 4
Roller Attributes There are many ways to mount rollers. Two mounting styles are listed in Table 33 and apply to several
rollers listed in Table 32.
Table 33: Roller and Bumper Attributes

Roller Attributes Pros Cons
Rollers that slide over a shaft for use. Can be free-rolling on shaft or secured to shaft with
set screws.
• When secured to shaft, two screws are used • If set screws are not properly tightened,
for more secure attachment. drive rollers can free-turn on shaft.
• Several free-spinning rollers can be spaced
Shaft Mount on a single shaft and separated by spacers.
Have a stud, spacer, lock-nut and ball bearing. These free-standing rollers are used to guide
or support material or parts during movement.
• Roller easily rolls on one or two row bearing. • May need periodic lubrication.
• More than one can be positioned in a pattern
to steer, direct or guide movement.
• Can be mounted in any direction.
Stud Mount
Storage solutions include racks, shelves, bins, pallets, hoppers, etc. as shown in Table 34 and Table 35.
STORAGE SOLUTIONS A variety of products are available for a variety of storage solutions.
DANGER: Overloading, or improper use of, equipment beyond OEM specified capacity and other load limits
can cause equipment failure, damage, personal injury or death. As may be required by OSHA, other
governing bodies, company or manufacturing guidelines regularly inspect equipment for cracks, metal
fatigue, and other defects and conditions that can degrade equipment strength and performance; and to
ensure safe operation of Material Handling equipment.
Table 34: Material Storage System Styles

Lbs1
Storage Styles Pros Cons
(kg)
Stackable welded steel rack.
2500-
7500 • Stackable by one person; up to five high. • Can be unstable if loaded top
(1130- • Allows custom design by choosing length, heavy.
3400) depth and height of storage system. • Assembly required.
each
Bar Cradle
Material Handling
Lbs1
(kg)
Level Ideal for maintenance departments, tool rooms, machine shops and storage areas.
250- • Arms extend to store material at several • Length restrictions can be
2000 levels. resolved by placing two or more
(113- of the same racks side by side.
• Arms are slopped upward to prevent roll-off.
907)
• Steel construction that can be secured to • Assembly required.
Total wall or floor.
2000- • Available in two sided, wall mount, or
7700 against wall storage.
(907-
Bar Rack 3490)
Arm Unique bolt-together construction with welded steel components designed to store
400- bar stock, pipe, tubing, lumber and other light hard-to-stock items off the floor.
1000
(181- • Offer flexibility to custom-fit individual • Assembly required.
454) applications.
• One or two side racks available.
Total • Straight or inclined arms available.
3800-
• Ideal for manual loading with, or without, lift
16200
truck.
Cantilever Rack (1720-
7350)
Simple design bolts to wall, then ready to use. Steel or plastic construction.
• Easy installation. • Mounting hardware not included
• Straps adjust to secure cylinder for secure and varies with wall material
Cylinder Brackets mounting. and surface type.
Designed for safe, efficient storage of 55 gallon drums.
1600-
2400 • Two way fork truck access. • Not recommended for stacking
(726- • Racks are stackable. more than two high, or stacking
1090) • Works well with drum positioners. steel drums on fiber or plastic.
Drum Rack
• Assembly required.
The hydraulic box dumper is designed for controlled dumping of materials from
boxes, crates, etc.
2000-
6000 • Safe, ergonomic solution to dumping of • Stationary, not portable.
materials from boxes, crates, etc. • Ships knockdown, some
(908-
2720) • Adjustable restraining bar for container assembly required.
while dumping.
Dumpers • Allows for pallet truck loading and unloading.
Collect parts, trash, scrap, etc., then dispense as needed.
• Contents can be easily transported and • Lids and optional casters sold
dumped in a larger container, or at another separately.
2000- location using a lift truck.
6000
• Bumper release style dumps at 90° angle
(908- automatically, when latch is released to
2720) ensure maximum dumping of contents.
Hopper Automatically returns when lowered to
ground.
• Safety chain secures hopper to lift truck.
Made of virgin polyethylene for longer life, plastic pallets are ideal for export,
pharmaceutical, medical and food applications. Skids also available.
• Stackable for efficient storage.
4000 • Maintenance free and safer to handle than
(1810) wooden pallets.
• Features four way entry and serrated deck
Pallets
with holes for drainage.
• Additional colors available.
Material Handling
Lbs1
(kg)
Store and dispense polly or wire rope, hose, electrical cable, or chain. Axles are
included.
Level
2000 • Adjustable brackets allow staggering arms • Assembly required.
(907) along the frame by reel size. • Must be secured to floor for
• Bolt together assembly. stability while dispensing reel
Total • Can be stand-alone, placed against wall or content.
6000 placed back to back.
(2720)
Reel Rack
Perfect for stacking and holding flat material or components in an upright position.
1500
(680) • Works well for multiple size goods. • Assembly required.
per • Includes lag size holes for securing to floor. • Must be secured to floor for
bay • Steel construction for years of service. stability while dispensing reel
Steel Rack content.
1500 Perfect for stacking and holding vertical material or components in an upright
(680) position. Designed for vertical storage of tubbing, pipe and other similar materials.
per
• Restraint chain holds items in storage bays. • Assembly required.
bay
• Fully welded steel construction for long life. • Must be secured to floor for
3000 • Unit to far left has shelves for short parts. stability while dispensing reel
Vertical Storage (1360) • Can stand against wall. content.
Racks Total
Designed to store, transport, and dispense wire from reels of various sizes (reels
not included). Includes four spool bars.
• Wire can be dispensed in horizontal or • Assembly required.
vertical position.
• Built in hand hole for portability.
• Easily transported with hand cart.
Wire Reel Caddy
NOTES: 1) Values listed are OEM load limits or max capacity for the family of products referenced. In the case of
racks, limits assume even distribution of goods in the rack. For specific limits by product, refer to the
catalog or click on the hyperlink provided. (Hyperlinks are identified by a dashed rectangle around text.)
Storage Solution Products listed in this table are additions, options or otherwise related to Material Handling storage
systems listed in the previous table.
Attributes
Table 35: Material Storage System Attributes
Storage Pros Cons
Attributes
Made of thick polyethylene plastic or galvanized steel.
• Contains and protects contents both indoors • May not be compatible with some
and outdoors. chemicals. Refer to Table 3 and
• Plastic covers feature an ultraviolet screen Table 4 for details, or contact Reid
and can withstand temperatures from -50°F Customer Service.
to 212°F (-46°C to 100°C).
• Reusable.
• Metal cover available with handle, as waste
Drum Covers top or with open hole for recycling beverage
containers.
Material Handling
Storage Pros Cons

Attributes
Uses electric/hydraulic power to crush or compact 55 gallon steel drums in 25 sec.
• Crushes drum or compacts content. • Drip pan is available to collect excess
• Automatically resets for repeat operation. liquid at bottom during crushing
• Safety features include an Emergency Stop operation.
button, pressure relief valve, and door lock/
interlock system.
• Fork pockets aid in transportation.
• 3-way key switch: COMPACT/OFF/CRUSH.
• Protective cover for indoor or outdoor
operation.
Drum Crusher
• Meets OSHA and JIC standards.
Converts closed head steel drums into storage containers. Opens 30 and 55 gallon steel
drums and 5 gallon steel pails. Replacement blades are available.
• Adjustable to open steel drums of different • Blades need replacing when warn.
thickness. • Type B requires 1/2” ratchet drive
Drum Deheader • Glade is angled for maximum penetration (manual or pneumatic) to operate.
and flattens cut edge, leaving no jagged or
sharp edges.
Several options are available for dispensing liquids from drums or pails.
• Metal or plastic versions available. • May not be compatible with some
• Ideal for dispensing viscous, non-corrosive chemicals. Refer to Table 3 and
flammables, such as adhesives, paint, heavy Table 4 for details, or contact Reid
oils, grease, and varnish. Customer Service.
Drum Faucet • Includes hook for holding a bucket with bail.
Used to fill drum with liquid contents.
• Wide mouth for transferring hazardous • Padlock not included.
liquids into drum; minimizes spills.
• Lockable hinged cover reduces spread of
vapors.
• Fusible link on cover melts at 160°F (71°C)
and snaps closed in case of fire.
Drum Funnel • Fits 2” NPS threaded drum bung. Gasket
included for tight seal.
This unique product will allow you to open a 2” drum bung, empty the contents of the drum,
and close the drum bung, all with the drum in the horizontal position.
• Eliminates the need to rotate the drum into • VMC-TAP3 works only with
the vertical position to gain access. drum plug shown to right.
• Simple operation. • Funnel not included.
Drum Tap
• Drum can be rotated 180° to be filled.
Drum wrenches make opening and closing drums, or pails, quick and easy.
• One multipurpose drum tool: • Adding a chain or tether to the wrench
− Opens and closes drum bungs or plugs. can help keep it on location.
− Works as bung wrench, ring wrench and • Drum wrenches are built-in accessories
faucet wrench. on some drum handling equipment.
Drum Wrench • Universal wrenches fit all types of industrial

drum plugs and bungs in metal or plastic
drums.
• Pail wrench opens and closes steel, or
plastic pail, easily and quickly.
Material Handling
Storage Pros Cons

Attributes
Several ladder choices are available for a variety of Material Handling applications, and are
used to:
• Access and manage goods stored or located overhead.
• Climb over conveyors, pathways, equipment, or other crossover points.
• Ladder heights from one step to 160 in (4 m) • Ships knockdown, some assembly
are available. required.
• Capacities start at 300 lbs (136 kg). • Ladders can become obstacles when
• Safety features include: transporting goods or moving about
− Chains or gates restrict use or movement. building.
• Care should be taken when using
− Step surfaces prevent slipping and
ladders while carrying goods and
improve grip.
packages.
Ladders − Casters are automatically disabled while • Most ladders are OSHA and ANSI
climbing. compliant.
− Hand rails can be used to assist climbing
and prevent accidental falling.
FM approved drum vents are used to provide automatic pressure and manual vacuum relief.
• Flash arrestor prevents accidental ignition of • Should be removed when drums are
vapor within drum. emptied.
• Fusible relief plug melts at 135°F (57°C) to
Safety Vent vent pressure and prevent drum rupture in
case of fire.
Used as stepping stool from any direction. Four colors available.
• Convenient and easy to position and use.
• Spring loaded casters with rubber ring
around base provide extra gripping power.
Stool
Almost anytime material is handled, it is moved from point A to point B. Many options are available to
TRANSPORT assist the transportation of goods beyond human physical limitations. When searching solutions for
SOLUTIONS transportation needs, consider the following:
Object(s) Being Transported Transportation System Transportation Path

• Size • Size • Potential obstacles
• Weight • Capacity • Room or available space
• Shape • Capabilities • Surface traveled
• Content • Memorability • Environment
• Packaging • Ergonomics • Point A and Point B requirements.
Skid vs. Pallet Many transport systems are designed to lift and store goods on a pallet or skid. As shown in Figure 12,
the primary difference is that the skid simply lifts stored objects up off the floor or surface where placed.
The skid does not offer any support to prevent tipping on forks or other lifting platform.
Figure 12: Skid vs. Pallet
Pallet Skid
• Offers top and bottom support. • No bottom.
• Resists tipping forward or • Nothing preventing forward or
sideways on forks. side tipping on forks.
Once all aspects of the transportation requirements are known and understood, a solution can be found
by reviewing the transportation system styles listed in Table 36 through Table 40.
Material Handling
Cart Transport Carts are generally used to transport goods or equipment from one location to another without powered
assistance. Many carts feature an ergonomic handle that makes it easier to operate and reduces
Solutions fatigue. Typically, two rigid and two swivel casters are used. Wheels perform differently on various
surfaces. Refer to the previous discussion on caster wheels for details.
Table 36: Transport System Attributes

Lbs1
Cart Styles Pros Cons
(kg)
Made of heavy duty steel construction with its special ergonomic handle.
4000 • Easy maneuvering with less fatigue. • Shipped knockdown, some
(1810) • Phenolic casters with 8” x 2” wheels. assembly required.
Ergo-Handle
Perfect for handling items such as sheet of panelling, plywood, doors and lumber.
2000- • Removable plastic basket for type A style. • Loads limited to panel
4000 • Type B has removable rails. material, except for small
(908- items.
1810)
Panel
Great non-metal solution to material transporting.
• High-density, dent resistant, rust proof and never • Capacity is 200 lbs (91 kg)
400 needs painting. per shelf.
(181) • Side gates flip up or down for flat or box-top cart.
• Optional nine-rail hanging system holds 80
Pro Cart AkroBins®.
• Optional 100 lb (45 kg) capacity middle shelf.
Goods can be manually transported for short distances and safely loaded or
unload.
400-
2000 • Adjustable height for loading and unloading. • Cart must be lowered
• Minimize worker bending and lifting. during transportation of
(182- • Foot pump includes soft-lowering down valve. loads and raised for loading
908) or unloading.
• Velocity fuse prevents rapid fall of table.
Scissors
Designed to automatically raise or lower as materials are moved or added to
platform.
230-
• Keeps material at an ergonomic work height • For larger surface area and
460
while loading and unloading. capacity, consider Auto-Hite
(104- • Internal counterbalance springs can be easily carts.
209) added or removed to adjust rate of movement.
Spring Elevating
Drum Transport Because of their shape and content, drums can be a challenge to transport. This section offers several
solutions to this problem.
Solutions
Drum Transport Lbs1 Pros Cons
Styles (kg)
Several choices are available for adding casters to a single drum for transportation.
900-
• All swivel casters make these dollies completely • The primary difference
2000
maneuverable and stable. Locking casters are between dollies is the
(408- available. wheels. Refer to the
Dolly 908) • Can be used to transport most round containers. previous discussion on
caster wheels for details.
Material Handling

Styles (kg)
Designed to transports one drum or two pails.
1000-
1200 • Low profile easily slips under free standing drum • Moves one drum for short
(454- or pail. Handle is used as lever to tip drum. distances.
544) • Reduces injuries caused by lifting and carrying
Caddy drums.
• Handle features bung nut wrench and seal
remover.
This electric/hydraulic dumper is designed to dump the entire content of a drum.
• Portable with casters and floor lock screws for • Height is fixed and must
1000 stability and other safety features. be sized accordingly to
(454) • Water resistant, hand-held push-button control. application.
• Dumping chute is solid steel with stainless
Dumper chutes available.
Designed to pick up one or two steel drums without leaving the seat of the truck.
800- • Arms automatically open when lowered over
2000 drum, then grip tightly when lifted.
(363- • Automatically released by lowering forks.
908) • Can be adjusted for 30 or 55 gallon drums.
Gripper • Easily stored on any horizontal surface ready to
slip into and use at any time.
The perfect solution for lifting and transporting 30 or 55 gallon drums.
• Ergonomic solution with maximum • Some models can move
660- maneuverability in restrictive areas. drums without top lip, while
1000 • Compact design works with steel, fiber or plastic others require a top lip.
(299- drums.
454) • Remove or place drums on pallets, spill
containers or scales; open or closed.
Jack • Optional scale available for some models.
Ideal for lifting and transporting steel, plastic and fiber drums with a top lip.
800- • Features manual hand crank mechanism or foot • Drums must have top lip.
1500 pump for lifting.
(363- • Spring-load steel jaws securely grip top lip of
680) drum.
• Straddle legs rotate for access to drums on
Lifter pallet.
Allows a fork truck operator to easily secure, move and release drums.
1000- • Simple and easy operation by one person • Requires fork truck for
2000 without leaving the seat of the fork truck. operation.
(454- • Works with open or closed steel, fiber, or plastic • Top lid must be strong
908) drums. enough to carry weight of
Lifter Adapter
• Time tested and proven design. drum.
Several drum truck styles are designed to move steel and fiber drums. Some
also cradle and/or rotate drums, and include built-in tools for opening and closing
1000- drums.
1200 • Allows manual transportation of drums by one • Wheels perform differently
(454- person. on various surfaces. Refer
544) • Built-in tool includes bung nut wrenches. to the previous discussion
• Cradle style positions drum horizontally for on caster wheels for details.
Truck
dispensing liquid contents.
Material Handling

Styles (kg)
Several styles are available for rotating drums from a variety of lifting applications.
Lbs1
Style Pros Cons
(kg)
Designed to manage 55 gallon drums. Various
heights are available. Options include:
• Boom attachment.
• Hydraulic, air, AC or DC electric lift.
(shown to left) 800 • Fiber and plastic drum adaptors.
Carrier/Rotator (363)
• One person operation • Requires add-on for
with hydraulic foot fiber or plastic drums.
pump without a fork • Length is proportional
truck. to height.
Manually and easily transport and rotate drums.
800- • Economical solution. • Assembly required.
1000 • Optional handle • Handle fits some
(363- features build-in models.
454)
800- drum tipper and drum
Drum Cart wrench.
2000
(363- Used to lift and rotate drums from a crane or other
908) lifting system.
800- • Simple and easy to
1500 operate.
(363-
680) • Chain crank rotates
and locks 360°.
Hoist
Rotator Used as an accessory for a fork truck, more than
one style is available.
800-
2000 • Allows driver to rotate • Requires fork truck
(363- standing drums to be for operation.
908)
Positioner placed in horizontal
rack.
• Easily lifts, positions or dispenses fully loaded • Some styles are

55 gallon drums. accessories and need other
• Some lifting styles can rotate 360°. systems to use.
• Rotation is done to transport, store or dispense • Some may not access
contents. drums on pallets.
Miscellaneous The transport components and systems in this section are for general purpose and are not designed
for a specific type of material, shape or packaging. Vacuum lifting components are included in this
Transport section because they are used for transporting short distances and heights. Many assist in manual
Solutions transportation of materials and goods.
Table 38: Transport System Styles

Transport Lbs1 Pros Cons
Misc. Styles (kg)
Aluminum or steel dock boards provide a bridge between dock and truck, or dock
5000- and trailer, for easy loading and unloading.
15000
• Built for safe use with forklifts and load. • Dockboards include safety
(2270-
• Compensates for height difference. curb; dockplates do not.
Dockboard 6800)
• Safety curbs prevent accidental run-offs.
Material Handling

Misc. Styles (kg)
3600- Aluminum dockplates provide a bridge between dock and truck, or dock and
7800 trailer, for easy loading and unloading.
(1633- • Built for use with forklifts and load. • Dockboards include safety
Dockplate 3538) • Compensates for height difference. curb; dockplates do not.
Designed to transport boxes, crates or supplies. Open or solid deck, various
900- coverings for a better grip, and pull strap or hook is available.
1200 • Use all swivel casters for excellent • Depending on surface,
(408- maneuverability. may take more effort to
Dolly 544) • Can move extra large objects using multiple move in a straight line.
dollies.
User-friendly portable lifts provide reliable, powerful lifting and transporting of
loads. Available in hydraulic and crank (cable) operation.
300- • Economical and attractive. • Manual operation for
1000 • Removable platform. lighter loads.
(136- • Roll easily on two rigid and two swivel casters • Not for use with pallets or
454) with foot operated brake. skids.
• Can lift work to a more accessible work height.
Platform Lift
Industrial strength support for long materials.
500 • Variable roller frequency. • Not powered.

• Wedge lock design prevents load height
(227)
slippage.
Portable Conveyor • Replacement rollers available.
Used to pull loaded pallets to rear of a smooth truck for lift truck access.
• Rugged steel construction of single or double
5000 scissor action design.
(2270) • Self cleaning and unaffected by wood particles,
paint or grease. • Not made for lifting.
• Optional 20 ft (22 M) x 1/4 in (6.35 mm) proof
Puller coil chain is available.
Used to elevate semi-trailers at loading docks for maximum serviceability during
30000 loading and unloading operations. Made from heavy-duty aluminum tread plate.
(13600) • Several heights available. • Should be stored near
per pair • Easily transported with lift truck. dock area.
Riser • Steel risers also available.
Applications include: displays, paint spraying, assembly, repairs, etc.
300- • One or more workers stay in position and rotate • May need lubrication.
500 items for access from all sides.
(136- • Maximize workspace and minimize wasteful
227) motion.
Turntable
• Easy and smooth operation.
Clear vinyl strip door hangs straight down from mounting hardware to part easily
and close immediately as traffic passes through.
• Lowers energy costs by preventing heated or • Although various lengths
cooled air from escaping through open doorway. are available, may require
• Reduces sound transmission through open trimming for length or have
doorway. open gap at bottom.
• Controls dust, dirt, snow and other contaminants
from moving through doors in high traffic areas.
• 2/3 overlap is standard, full overlap is available
Vinyl Strip Door with special request for more.
Material Handling

Misc. Styles (kg)
Vacuum cups employ the force of atmospheric pressure to grip any smooth,
nonporous surface. A finger-operated or powered vacuum pump removes the air
from between the attaching surface and the rubber pad. Atmospheric pressure
then holds the cup in place with incredible force. Uses include: carrying glass,
appliances, counter tops, wood stoves, bending machines or nearly any material
with smooth, nonporous surfaces. Mounting cups are also used as a base for
flags, antennas, cameras, scopes, emergency lights and testing equipment, etc.
Lbs1
Style Pros Cons
(kg)
Bellows add flexibility to lifting system.
• Handles flat flexible • Total load limit can
0.1-26 material without be increased by
deformation. adding cups.
(0.045
-12) • Solidly grips concave
and convex shapes.
• Can attach to non-
Bellows perpendicular surface.
Used for delivering appliances and other heavy
70- equipment.
175 • Adds a handle to • Two or more
(32- equipment during handles may be
79) transport. needed.
Hand Cups
• Finger pump.
Used to pull and turn pallets.
3200 • Provides a solid grip. • Requires chain,
0.1-175 (1450) • Lightweight, small and winch or other
Pallet Puller easy to work with. pulling system.
(0.045-
80) Ideal for lifting and placing small materials.
3
Vacuum Cups (1.37) • Easy grip handle for • Does not have red
Pick Up Stick critical placement. line indicator.
Replaces warn or damaged cups on vacuum
systems.
5-65
(2.23 • Extends life of vacuum
-30) grippers.
Replacement • Four mounting styles
Cups available.
Hand operated manually grips and lifts objects.
7-130 • Able to lift more weight
(3-59) than other styles.
• Valve or tab on cup
Vacuum Lifters breaks grip.
Used as a base for mounting as described above.
15-70 • Easily installed and • Applied with
(6.8- removed. threaded single
32) • Excellent for temporary post, but multiple
Vacuum Mount mounting. cups can be used.
• Ideal for lifting and placing materials with • Air tight surface seal
smooth, nonporous surface. required. See instructions.
• Quick and easy activation and deactivation. • Vacuum pump required for
• Adds a grasping point where none exists. some models.
• Replaceable cups on some models. • Cups can wear out or be
• Multiple cups can be used to increase capacity. damaged.
Material Handling

Misc. Styles (kg)
Aluminum ramps with serrated and grip strut styles. Perfect for delivery men,
shippers, and receivers for access from truck to ground level.
1200- • Safer, more efficient loading and unloading of • No rails; however, rails
2000 trucks without a dock. would obstruct operation.
(544- • Strong aluminum alloy construction is lightweight
908) with nonskid tread surface and safety side curbs.
Walk Ramp • Grip Strut style has open decking that allows
snow, ice and water to fall through ramp.
Used to access trucks, trailers and rail cars from ground level.
16000-
20000 • Maneuverable on 9 inch wheels. • At 30 & 36 feet (9 & 11 m)
(726- • One person can easily adjust height using two long, not easily transported
9080) stage crank. over long distances.
Yard Ramp
Truck Transport There is no clear distinction between a cart and a truck used for transporting material. The largest
difference is in capacity, where a truck can care more than 500 lbs (227 kg) and has a means of lifting.
Solutions Also, a cart has no power system to assist in the lifting or handling of the material. Other differences
include:
• Typically larger capacity than a cart.
• Capable of picking up and handling pallets and/or skids.
• Can move fully loaded pallets or skids without a fork truck.
Table 39: Truck Transport System Attributes

Lbs1
Truck Styles Pros Cons
(kg)
Hardwood platform trucks are an economical solution to Material Handling needs.
• A 1 (25.4 mm) hardwood top is strong and • Shipped knockdown, some
1600 durable. assembly required.
(760)
• Casters are mounted using countersunk holes
for a smooth finish.
Flat Bed
From simple to heavy duty, these trucks allow operators to manually transport
stacked and other goods easily and quickly.
• Lightweight and easily carried in vehicles. • Can be hard on arms if
500-
1200 • “P-shaped” handles make the truck easy to steer transported at an improper
(227- and maneuver. angle.
544) • Easily stored. • Shipped knockdown, some
• Several styles available. assembly required.
Hand
Similar to a tote lift, but maneuvered using a bar and electric power for lifting.
• Ergonomic lift truck increases worker and
175- machine efficiency and productivity.
500 • Reduces muscle fatigue and body injuries by
(80- bringing material closer to actual worker height.
227) • Needs charging.
Lift
Capable of moving heavy loads by one person quickly and effortlessly.
• Provides years of reliable usage. • Ergonomic design requires
4000-
5500 • Reinforced tripple-formed steel forks for added 75 lbs (34 kg) of pulling
(1810- strength. force to move when fully
2490) • Spring loaded loop handle returns to upright loaded.
position.
Pallet Jack • Styles available with onboard scale.
Material Handling
Lbs1
Truck Styles Pros Cons
(kg)
Designed for lifting and transporting fully loaded pallets by one person with a
unique straddle design. Hand held pendant control is optional.
1200- • Easily operated by one person. • Needs charging.
4000 • Works well with pallets and skids with or without
(544- under-structure.
1810)
• Ideal for loading and unloading semi-trailers.
• Electric lift with secure on/off key-switch.
Pallet Master • Hand winch versions available.
Several styles of stockpicker carts are available. The cantilever style has many
advantages over styles.
• Unique cantilever design allows for oversized • Shipped knockdown, some
440 packages to fit conveniently on the bottom shelf assembly required.
(200) without restricting access to the package.
• Step ladder is spring loaded to hold cart secure
while climbing and standing on.
• Eliminates need to carry around ladder while
Stockpicker managing stock.
Allows easy access to contents of wire baskets, tote boxes, and wooden skids.
2000- • Foot brake may be set while loading and • Needs charging.
4000 unloading for safety.
(907- • Thin profile allows operator to get as close as
1810) possible for loading and unloading.
• Folding ergonomic handle.
Tilt Master • Power traction drive system is optional.
Similar to a lift truck or pallet jack, but not designed for pallets.
• Ergonomic pump and pull handle.
3000 • Side stabilizers provide balance during lifting,
(1360)
loading and unloading.
Tote lifter • Electric unit needs charging.
Transport Solution Not directly related to transporting devices or systems, these products are used for safety, support and
improving the transporting process.
Attributes
Transport Lbs1
(kg)
Designed to cover cable and hoses when stretched across pedestrian or
equipment traffic.
10000 • Prevents damage from walking, equipment or • More than one can be
(4540) vehicle traffic. used for longer lengths.
• Protects workers and equipment from
Cable Ramp hazardous falls.
Cargo bars fit between trailer walls. They are constructed of heavy-wall tubing
with articulating steel end plates that feature rubber pads for positive gripping
action.
• Secures trailer contents in place and prevents • Hand adjusted.
damage of goods.
• Simple mechanical lock will not vibrate loose.
Cargo Bar • Easy to use ratchet mechanism allows one
person to ratchet and adjust into place.
Material Handling

Attributes (kg)
Three styles of carousels are available: Manual Pallet, Thin Spin and Pallet Cart.
• Allows manually rotation of materials a full 360°. • Thin-spin carousel
• Manual loading and unloading operations can includes safety detent lock
be done more efficiently with less fatigue or risk applied when not in use.
2000- of back injury. Rotating surface is yellow
6000 • Manual Pallet and Thin Spin can be added to with non-step warning.
an existing workbench, scissors table or simply • May require periodic
(907-
placed on the floor. lubrication.
Carousel 2720
• Thin Spin can easily accommodate pallet truck.
• Carousel pallet cart transports loads and
simplifies loading and unloading operations as
the handle is removed and the raised load is
allowed to rotate 360°.
Chocks wedge under the front and back wheels to prevent vehicle movement.
• Stabilize vehicle for loading and unloading for • Can slip or slide if not
OSHA compliance (refer to Table 1). compatible with ground,
• A variety of styles, materials and sizes are concrete, paved or other
available. Selection depends on size of tires and surface where used.
surface type to avoid slippage. Chocks should • Should be used in pairs
be able to grip surface and prevent movement. to restrict forward and
Chocks • Optional security chain is available. backward motion.
Designed to be positioned between the dock and vehicle or trailer. Mount as

needed around the dock where truck or trailer makes contact. Made of fabric or
fiber reinforced rubber.
• Prevents damage to truck, trailer and dock area • Not designed as dock
during approach. weather seals.
Dock Bumper
• Can be combined and arranged to protect entire
dock contact area.
Used for docking bays where environmental and energy conservation concerns
are present. They provide a seal between truck or trailer for loading and
unloading.
• Seals out weather during servicing of truck or • Dock seal fits 8 x 8 (2.4
trailer. m x 2.4 m) door opening.
• Does not interfere or block truck or trailer • Dock shelter fits 10 x 10
opening. (3 m x 3 m) door opening.
Dock Seal
Dock Shelter
Permanently attaches to face of dock for instant use.
• Leveling range of 5 (127 mm) up and down. • Recommended for docks
20000 at least 45 (1140 mm)
• Automatically drops behind bumper face when
(9080) trailer leaves. high.
Leveler • Simple manual operation with hand pump and
electric hydraulic operation available.
Designed for permanent installation, these screw-type jacks hold platforms and
other equipment in place and stabilizes them at the required height.
• Levels and stabilizes a platform or equipment. • Installation required.
• Completely adjustable from 9 to 12 (229 to • Folding handle can be an
305 mm). obstacle on a platform.
• Slip resistant rubber pad on bottom.
Leveling Jack
Used for illuminating the inside truck or trailer.
• Hinged design allows light to be positioned and • Can interfere with loading
aimed into truck or trailer. and unloading operations.
• Socket has push-button, spring-loaded
Loading Light
suspension mounting for lamp protection.
Material Handling

Attributes (kg)
Static: Placed under end of a semi-trailer for added support and stability.
50000- • Prevents up-ending of semi-trailer during loading • Requires periodic
100000 and unloading with heavy equipment. lubrication with zerk
(22700- • Level trailers when parked on sloping ground. fittings.
45400) • Stops landing gear from sinking into soft surface. • Two jacks are required for
Lift: • Simple manual operation for raising and proper control and stability
lowering of jack and trailer. of trailer.
5000-
40000
Stabilizing Jack
(2270-
18100)
Bumps include parking curbs, car stops and speed bumps. Speed bumps are
intended to slow down traffic in parking lots, driveways, construction sites, special
events and similar areas where high speeds can be dangerous to pedestrians
and drivers alike.
• Strong, light weight construction reduces • Asphalt or concrete
breakage during handling. hardware kits sold
• Weather resistant. separately for curbs,
• Speed bumps include grooves for cable or ramps and stops.
Traffic Bumps, hoses. • Two ramps must be used
Curbs, Ramps and • Ramps can be paired to protect cables and for vehicles.
Stops hoses as a bump.
Designed for loading and unloading trucks without a dock. A 60Hz, 6.5 HP motor
drives the hydraulic pump using 208-230/460V power source and pre-wired fuse.
Features a 24V NEMA 4 push-button control station on a 20 foot coiled cord.
5000 • Checkered plate deck made of heavy gauge
(2270) steel for hard use.
• Hydraulic unit features emergency automatic
Truck Dock stop if line breaks.
• High visible hand rails that are removable.
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Just call the toll-free number listed at the bottom of the page or online at ReidSupply.com.
Using the design considerations, data tables and selection information should help with application and
SUMMARY selection of Material Handling products. Use of the above information, and references listed in Table 41,
should ensure the best product selection for safe and proper handling of most any material, object or
equipment.
This Resource Guide can be viewed online at ReidSupply.com or downloaded and saved as needed
at no cost. For comments on the contents of this Resource Guide, contact the Customer Service
Material Handling
department using the toll-free number listed at the bottom of the page. Or, e-mail us at
mail @ ReidSupply.com (enter “Resource Guide” in the subject line).
For More Although the Internet offers a vast wealth of information, it may not always be readily available. Much
of the information on the Internet and in this Resource Guide comes from professional standards,
Information government regulations and the reference manuals available at Reid Supply, Table 41. Use Table 42 to
help select the best reference manual to meet your needs.
Table 41: Recommended Documentation and Reference Manuals.

Ref # Title Cat. No.
1 Machinery’s Handbook Pocket Companion DR-11
DR-12
2 Machinery’s Handbook Guide DR-5CD
DR-5C
DR-5T
3 Machinery’s Handbook
DR-5J
4 Basic Machining Reference Handbook DR-17
5 Machinist’s Ready Reference DR-18
6 Mark’s Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers DR-26
7 Engineers Black Book DR-95
NOTE: 1) Refer to Table 42 for details on content relative to this Resource Guide.
Table 42: Reference Manual Content Relative to This Guide.

DR-CD
DR-5C
DR-5T
DR-11
DR-12
DR-17
DR-18
DR-26
DR-95
DR-5J
Information Type
AISI classification of tool steel 2,4,7 2,4 2,7 2,4 2,4,7 2
Bolt and fastener strength values 2,4,6 3,6,8 2,4 1,2,4,7 2
Conversion factors 2,3,7 2 2 2 1,2,3,5 2
Geometric shapes 3,7,8 3,5 3,7,8 3 3,4,7 3,5
Hardness 1,2,4,7 2,4 7 2,4,7 2
Human dimensions 2,3,4,7 2
Properties of metals 2,4,7 2,5 3,6,8 6 2,4 2,4,7 2,5
Properties of non-metals 2,4,6 2,4,5 2,4,7 2
Using Pulleys 2,3,7
Stainless steel type 2,4,7 2,4 6 2,4,7 2
Strength of Materials 2,4,6 6,8 3,6,8 2,4 2
Trigonometry 2,3,7,8 2,3,6 3,7,8 2,3 2,3,5 2
Work 2,3,7,8 2
NOTES: 1) Imperial and metric systems
2) Data/specification charts and tables
3) Formulas
4) Comparison information
5) Some discussion
6) Basics discussion
7) Detailed discussion
8) How-to information
Material Handling
Below is a list of terms used in this document.

GLOSSARY
Term Definition
Bollard One of a series of posts preventing vehicles from entering an area.
Braking Force The “Minimum Breaking Force” at which the chain, during manufacture testing,
has been found to break when a constantly increasing force is applied in direct
tension. Breaking force values are not guarantees that all chain segments will
endure these loads. This test is a manufacturer’s attribute acceptance test and
shall not be used as criteria for service and design purposes. [4]
Dampening To deaden, restrain, or depress.
Level A horizontal line or plane at right angles to the plumb; being at the same height
or position as another; even.
Lifting Means Any device or system which applies the lifting force required to pick up or lift
material from a secure surface or foundation. Devices and systems used for
lifting must meet applicable standards listed in Table 1.
Lifting Point Any device attached to material for the purpose of attaching a Lifting Means for
lifting. Lifting Points must meet applicable standards listed in Table 1.
NSF NSF International, The Public Health and Safety Company™, a not-for-profit,
non-governmental organization, is the world leader in standards development,
product certification, education, and risk-management for public health and
safety.
OEM Original Equipment Manufacture - The company that designed and
manufactured a given product. The product is then sold directly to customers
or distributed by an industrial supplier such as Reid Supply.
Overhead Lifting That process of lifting that would elevate a freely suspended load to such a
position that dropping the load would present a possibility of bodily injury or
property damage. [4]
Overload Any static or dynamic load in excess of “Working Load Limit.” [4]
Proof Test Load A quality control term referencing a test applied to a product for the sole
(Proof Load) purpose of detecting defects in design, material or manufacturing process. The
Proof Test Load (usually twice the Working Load Limit) is the load at which
the product withstood without deformation when new and under laboratory
test conditions. For chain, this is the value used to test every link for quality
purposes. [4] The Working Load Limit applies to all non-test operations and
should never be exceeded by an end-user.
Safety Factor A multiplier less than one (1.0) used by designers to set safe operating
(SF) conditions for devices or equipment used in an application.
Safe Working Load A term sometimes used to represent the resulting value from multiplying WLL
(SWL) by the Safety Factor:
Eq. 6: Calculating SWL

SWL = WLL x SF
Applying the SWL during equipment operation and design can compensate
for the effects of Shock Load or other external conditions which may cause an
increase in the static load during lifting or other Material Handling function.
Shock Load A momentary load or movement caused by:
• Sudden impact, jerking or swinging of a static or dynamic load.
• Delayed release of a static load during initial lifting.
Sintered An alternative process to casting that causes one or more compounds (metallic
powder, for example) to form a coherent mass by heating without melting. e.g.
oil-impregnated bronze for bearings.
Material Handling
Term Definition
Sling An assembly which connects the load to the Material Handling equipment.
Vibration A rapid linear motion of a particle or of an elastic solid about an equilibrium
position. A change of position that does not entail a change of location.
Working Load Limit Refers to a load limit set by the OEM defining the maximum load (rated
(WLL) capacity) a device can handle while lifting under ideal conditions. WLL is
applicable only to new or “in as new” condition products. This limit should:
• Never be exceeded for any device for which it applies.
• Never be substituted with test or material strength values (Proof Test Load,
Breaking Force or Strength, Ultimate Strength, etc...).
The following is a list of referenced used in to create this document. They are referred to by number,
REFERENCES e.g. [3], in the text where applicable.
1] Reference manuals listed in Table 41
2] E.R. Wagner
3] Faultless
4] National Association of Chain Manufacturers
5] American Drill Bushing Company
6] Peerless Chain Company
7] Sava Industries, Inc
NOTES (This space reserved for user notes)
Material Handling

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Casters and Ball Transfers Hoist Rings and Eye Bolts

Chains, Cables, Slings and Rollers and Bumpers

Table 39: Truck Transport System Attributes 66

Table 1: Standards for Materials Handling and Storage

Standard1 Number1 Function

Standard1 Number1 Function

Table 2: Sample Caster Applications

Four swivel casters.

Figure 1: Wire Rope Construction

1x7 (7 WIRES) 1x19 (19 WIRES)

3x7 (21 WIRES) 7x7 (49 WIRES)

Figure 2: Wire Rope Clip Application End Sleeve

Table 3A: Typical Welded Steel Chain Speciﬁcations

Nominal Chain Size Maximum WLL2 Minimum Breaking Force3

Table 3B: Typical Welded Stainless Steel Chain Speciﬁcations

Eq. 1: Calculating Hoist Ring Force

Where: F = Force on each hoist ring

Figure 3: Typical Sling Components (Quadruple Sling)

Table 4: Materials Used for Material Handling Components

Nylon • Long wear. • Heat sensitive.

Material Pros Cons

Figure 4: Hardness Scales

Table 5: Material Speciﬁcations - Plastics

Table 6: Material Speciﬁcations - Elastomers

Elastomer Ethylene Natural Nitrile Styrene

Table 7: Bumper Styles

40-45A Neoprene or urethane elastomer bonded to a threaded steel core.

Bumper Style1 Hardness2 Pros Cons

Table 9: Caster Styles

Eq. 2: Calculating Caster Capacity.

load per caster = (Load + Truck) ÷ number of casters x SF

Where: Load = Weight of load, machine or equipment.

Table 10: Caster Capacity Ratings (Duty)

Table 11: Caster Wheel Bearing Types

Bearing Type Pros Cons

Figure 5: Double Row Swivel Race

Figure 6: Kingpinless Swivel Race

Table 12: Caster Frame Types

Frame Type Pros Cons

Frame Type Pros Cons

Style Pros Cons

Table 13: Caster Top Plates

5 x 5-1/2 4-1/8 x 4-1/2 25/64 3/8

1-3/16 x 2 13/16 x 1-9/16 13/64 1/4

1-29/32 x 2-5/8 15/16 x 2-1/8 9/32 1/4

1-29/32 x 2-5/8 1-13/32 x 2-1/8 13/64 3/16

3-1/8 x 4-1/8 2-3/8 x 3-7/16 11/32 5/16

2-3/4 x 3-3/4 1-3/4 x 2-5/8 to 3 11/32 x 1/2 slots 5/16

11/32 x 13/32 slots

4x5 3x4 13/32 3/8

1-7/8 x 2-5/8 31/32 x 1-7/8 9/32 1/4

2-5/16 x 2-9/16 1-5/8 x 2 11/32 5/16

2) Dimensions are expressed in inch and metric (cm) values.

Table 14: Caster Stem Types

Table 15: Wheel Material Comparisons

Floor Surfaces Operating Conditions

Extreme Cold (-10°F/-23°C)

A Fully Pneumatic / Metal X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

L Nylon Twin Wheel X X X X X X X X X X X

M All Hard Rubber X X X X X X X X X

NOTES: 1) Letter IDs are referenced in Table 16.

Table 16: Caster Wheel Types

Cast Iron 700-4000 318-1810 -40 to +800 -40 to +427

Drop Forged 6500-17000 2950-7710 -40 to +800 -40 to +427