INDUSTRIAL TRAINING REPORT

On

“DSL MONITORING & 4G EVOLUTION”

Submitted in Partial Fulfilment of the Requirements

For the Award of Degree of

BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

JIIT-62

By

JATIN KAPOOR

16102193

Under the Guidance of

Mr. Balkishan Vyas & Mr. Manish

Fixed Line Networking Manager,

UNOC-Maneser

BHARTI AIRTEL

Training Period: 19th June-31st June

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

JAYPEE INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

SECTOR-62, NOIDA

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 DECLARATION

I JATIN KAPOOR, 16102193 certify that the Industrial Training Report entitled “DSL MONITORING

& 4G EVOLUTION” is done by me. It is submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the award

of the BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY IN ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING, JAYPEE INSTITUTE OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY

Signature of Student with Date:

Jatin Kapoor

16102193

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

As it is rightly said “The successful realization of the project is an outgrowth of a consolidated effort of the

people from disparate fronts. It is only with their support and guidance that the developer could meet the

end.” So I would like to thank all the members of DSL NOC for their full cooperation and help during my

Training. I wish to extend my sincere gratitude towards MR. Balkishan Vyas (DSL MANAGER) for

giving me this opportunity to undergo training in DSL BROADBAND DEPARTMENT.

I am also grateful towards MR. Munish (DSL BROADBAND TEAM LEADER) and all other members of

the department for making me understand various aspects of DSL.

Last but not the least I am thankful to all those persons with whom I have interacted and who directly or

indirectly contributed significantly to the successful completion of my training..

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 TABLE OF CONTENTS

 Introduction....................................................................................................5

 Company Profile.............................................................................................6

1) BHARTI AIRTEL

2) Business Divisions

 Network Operating Centre(NOC) ..................................................................7

1) What is NOC

2) Services Managed at NOC

 Work and Training..........................................................................................8

1) DSL

2) Working Of DSL

3) DSL data flow

4) Tools Used

 3GPP..............................................................................................................11

 4G Evolution..................................................................................................11

1) HLR

2) VLR

3) AuC

 VoIP.................................................................................................................14

 Conclusions......................................................................................................15

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  INTRODUCTION

This project report pertains to industrial training that I had undergone at BHARTI AIRTEL. as part of

curriculum of degree in Bachelor of technology in Electronics and Communication engineering as required

by JIIT-NOIDA, SECTOR-62.

I learnt a lot from professional managers and skilled engineers. I had a great learning experience as trainee

in this firm. I learnt a lot about how different networks are controlled in the industry or any department with

the help of networking processes with the Networking Team I have learnt about different type of servers like

DNS Server, DHCP Server.

Also I have learnt the evolution of GSM and 4G technology and its security process algorithms.

Justification cannot be done to whatever I have learnt in these 6 weeks within a few

pages but I have still tried my best to cover as much as possible in this report.

In this report,

I have tried to sum up the technical knowledge I have gained in my six months of training.

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  Company Profile

1) BHARTI AIRTEL

Bharti Airtel Limited is a leading global telecommunications company with operations in 20 countries

across Asia and Africa. Headquartered in New Delhi, India, the company ranks amongst the top 4 mobile

service providers globally in terms of subscribers. In India, the company product offerings include 2G, 3G

and 4G wireless services, mobile commerce, fixed line services, high speed DSL broadband, IPTV, DTH,

enterprise servicesN including national & international long distance services to carriers. In the rest of

the geographies, it offers 2G, 3G wireless services and mobile commerce. Bharti Airtel had nearly 287

million customers across its operations at the end of Dec 2013.

2) Business Divisions

 Mobile services

Bharti Airtel offers GSM mobile services in all the 22-telecom circles of India and is the largest mobile

service provider in the country, based on the number of customers.

 Telemedia services

The group offers high-speed broadband with the best in class network. With fixed line services in 87 cities,

we help you stay in touch with your friends & family and keep you updated round the clock.

 Digital TV services

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Discover the magical experience of digital entertainment with Airtel. From DVD quality picture and sound,

the best and widest variety of channels and programmers to the best on-demand content on Airtel Live, your

TV viewing experience change forever with digital TV from Airtel!

 NETWORK OPERATION CENTRE

 What is a NOC?

A network operations center (NOC), is an organizational unit that:

 Handles day-to-day problems of the network

 Serves as a point of contact for customers, internal and external

 Creates, processes, and sometimes resolves events that arise in the network

 Managed services and E-Noc overview

Customers are looking for outsourcing complete network, including management to service provider so that

that customer can focus more on their core business. Service providers is asked to take care of network

devices, network links, their performance, network requirement forecasting etc… contract between customer

and service provider to be driven by SLA signed for services rather that individual components of network

as bandwidth, hardware, software etc… customer signed end to end management would like to have

continuous track of CE to CESLA parameters. The task of provisioning the customers is done by NOC. By

provisioning we mean the creation of PVC (Permanent Virtual Circuit) which is a must for the users to

connect to the network. These PVCs are created for all the customers no matter which DSLAM they are

using be it Siemens, UT, Ericsson, Nokia.

Services:

DSL: Digital Subscriber Loop

ILP / ILL: Internet lease Ports / Lines

IPTV: TV channels and VOD on DSL

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  Work and Training

 DIGITAL SUBSCRIBER LINE: DSL

1) DSL (Digital Subscriber Line) technology is a copper loop transmission technology that solves the

Bottleneck problem often associated with the last mile between Network Service Providers and the

users of those network services. DSL technology achieves broadband speeds over the most universal

network media in the World: ordinary phone wire. DSL technology offers dramatic speed

improvements (up to 7+Mbps) compared to other network access methods.

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 2) WORKING OF DSL:

When you connect to the Interneet, you might connect through a regular modem through a local area

network connection in your office, through a cable modem or through a DSL connection. DSL is a very

high-speed access to the internet. A DSL path consisting of two modems on each end of a twisted-pair

telephone lincan transfer data rates as high as 52 Mbits/s. The transmission rate depends on several factors:

• The particular DSL technology used for connection.

• The distance from the central office, sometimes referred to as the last

mile or local loop.

• The wire gauge used in the local loop.

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3) DSL Data Flow

4) Tools Used

1. REMEDY(Remedy tool is used to raised the TT of the alarm of devices.)

2. ALU AMS

3. HUAWEI

4. Whatsup Gold (Whatsup Gold is used to check the alarm of the devices.)

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  3GPP

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) unites [Seven] telecommunications standard development

organizations ARIB(Japan), ATIS(US), CCSA(China), ETSI(Europe), TSDSI(India), TTA(Korea),

TTC(Japan), known as “Organizational Partners” and provides their members with a stable environment to

produce the Reports and Specifications that define 3GPP technologies.

 4G EOLUTION

The general Architecture of GSM:

 BSS (Base Station Subsystem): The BSS deals with the radio part of the network, that means

receiving and transmitting signal to and from User Entities (UEs), e.g. mobile phones.

 NSS (Network Subsystem): This is where the major work in the GSM network is done and also

where our HLR is situated. The GSM network can connect to other types of networks, this is done

here.

 OSS (Operation and Support system): This is basically an interface from the operators to the

different units of the GSM network. This might include updating the HLR database, changing

routing in the MSC and so on.

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1) Home Location Register (HLR): The HLR stand for. The HLR contains the information and data

of the subscriber. In the HLR, checks are made to see if the subscriber is online/offline, if there is

some kind of barring activated, which may stop the subscriber from using the GSM service. Another

important function in the HLR is to hold information about which VLR the subscriber is using so

that location management can be utilized. Each HLR is responsible for a series of numbers, the

MSCs knows which HLR each subscriber is related to. The HLR knows which VLR the subscriber is

currently related to.

2) Visitor Location Register (VLR): The VLR is a unit which, like the HLR, keeps subscriber

information. But unlike the HLR, which holds information for a subset of all the operator’s

subscribers, the VLR holds location information for the operator’s subscribers in the geographical

areas it is responsible for. The VLR is updated when the subscribers move around and switches BSC.

Compare this to the HLR which is updated when the subscriber changes VLR, keeping track of the

same subset of subscribers, this subset only changed by operator control.

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3) Authentication Center (AuC): The authentication center (AuC) is a key component of a global

system for mobile communications (GSM) home locator register (HLR). The AuC validates any

security information management (SIM) card attempting network connection when a phone has a

live network signal. The AuC provides security to ensure that third parties are unable to use network

subscriber services. Each network SIM card is assigned an individual authentication key (Ki). A

matching Ki is contained in the AuC. The SIM and the AuC store the Kiin an unreadable format. The

Ki even remains hidden from the SIM card owner to protect network operators from fraud, Such as

SIM cloning, through enabling user identity verification and ensuring call confidentiality. During the

authentication process, the Ki is used with the subscriber’s international mobile subscriber identity

(IMSI) number. Network and service subscriber validity is determined by successful authentication.

The authentication process begins when a subscriber requests a network signal. A randomly selected

key is generated that encrypts all wireless communication between the mobile device And the core

network. The encryption algorithm is known as A3. The encrypted randomly chosen number

(RAND) using the Ki must match the stored number in the AuC and the SIM card.

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  VoIP:

VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) basically refers to the web based transfer of data, using IP packets, that

also carries the voice traffic. In case of VoIP availability of adequate data bandwidth, for sending and

receiving the voice packets to and from the network, is of prime importance to achieve desired QoS.

Applications using VoIP such as Skype, Whatsapp, Gtalk, utilizing the internet on 2G and 3G platforms,

have been in use since 2010. The data path used by these over-the-top (OTT) applications to carry voice is

not differentiated from other IP data traffic. Therefore, the QoS for voice traffic may be severely

compromised. Therefore, the basic difference between VoLTE and VoIP is that while VoIP is best effort

service, VoLTE has the capability to ensure end-to-end QoS.

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 CONCLUSION

These 6 weeks of Industrial Training has led me to understand the various concepts of

Communications and Networking in the Organisation, AIRTEL.

It has also enhanced my knowledge about the functioning and management of an organization,

which I am sure, will be beneficial to me in my career.

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