DSP Tutorial-1

Tutorial Questions

1. Let 𝒚(𝒏) = 𝒙(𝒏)* 𝒉(𝒏)

(where ‘*’ represent convolution).

Then show that

𝒙(𝒏−𝒏𝟏)∗𝒉(𝒏−𝒏𝟐) = 𝒚(𝒏−𝒏𝟏−𝒏𝟐).
Tutorial Questions

2. The impulse response of a discrete LTI system is

given by 𝒉(𝒏) = (𝟎.𝟓)𝒏 𝒖(𝒏) of the input is

𝒙(𝒏) = 2𝜹(𝒏)+𝜹(𝒏−𝟑).

Find the output at 𝒏 = 𝟏 and 𝒏 = 𝟒.

Tutorial Questions
n
3. Consider the signal x[n]  cos(   ) .
4

Comment about the periodicity of the signal.

Tutorial Questions

4. Consider a discrete-time system:

y[n]  k  e x[ k ]
n

Is this a linear or a non-linear system?

Tutorial Questions
5. Consider a discrete sinusoidal signal denoted by
𝑥 𝑛 , shown in Fig.
Find out the following signals and sketch the
intermediate stages if required.
(a) 𝑦1 = 𝑥 𝑛 − 2
(b) 𝑦2 = 𝑥 𝑛 2

FIG.
Answers

1. To Prove: x[n-n1] * h[n-n2] = y[n-n1-n2]

From convolution definition,
∞
y[n] = x[n] * h[n] = 𝑘=−∞ x[k] h[n-k] …..(i)
∞
x[n-n1] * h[n-n2] = 𝑘=−∞ x[k-n1] h[n-k-n2] ……..(ii)
let k-n1 = p then k = p+n1, from eq(ii)
∞
x[n-n1] * h[n-n2] = p=−∞ x[p] h[n-n1-n2-p] = y[n-n1-n2], (from eq(i) by
replacing n by n-n1-n2)
Therefore, x[n-n1] * h[n-n2] = y[n-n1-n2].
2. y(n) = x(n) * h(n) = (2𝛿[𝑛]+𝛿[𝑛−3]) * ((0.5)𝑛 𝑢[𝑛])
y(n)=2(0.5)𝑛 (𝑛) + (0.5)𝑛−3 𝑢[𝑛−3] [utilizing sifting property]
y(1) = 2*(0.5)1 𝑢[1] + 0 = 1
y(4) = 2*(0.5)4 𝑢[4] + (0.5)4−3 𝑢[1] = (0.5)3 + (0.5) = ⅝

** Sifting property in convolution:

3. In third case, we have,
 n   n N  4 
x[n   ]  cos     cos  
 4   4 4 

Again making use of the periodicity equation, we get (for k= 1),

N  4
 2k
4
N 4

Hence, the signal is periodic with period N=4.

 n n

 e 1 and y 2 [ n]  
x2 [ k ]
4. We have, y1[n]  x [k ]
e
k   k  

y [n]  y [n]  
n x 1[k] n x 2[k]
So,
1 2
Π
k  
e Π
k  
e
n n
Σ x 1[k] Σ x 2[k]

e k  
e k  

n
To prove additivity, y3[n]   e x [ k ] x [ k ] 1 2

k  
n n
n
 x1 [ k ]  x2 [ k ]
 y3[n]  e  y3[n]  e
x1 [ k ] x2 [ k ]
.e k  k 

k  

y [n ]  y [n ]  y [n ]
3 1 2

Therefore, the system is non-linear.

5 (a) 𝑦1 (𝑛) = 𝑥 𝑛 − 2
Here, the samples of 𝑥 𝑛 will be shifted by 2.

𝒚𝟏 (𝒏) 𝒙 𝒏−𝟐 𝒚𝟏 (𝒏) 𝒙 𝒏−𝟐

𝑦1 (−3) 𝑥 −5 𝑦1 (4) 𝑥 2
𝑦1 (−2) 𝑥 −4 𝑦1 (5) 𝑥 3
𝑦1 (−1) 𝑥 −3 𝑦1 (6) 𝑥 4
𝑦1 (0) 𝑥 −2 𝑦1 (7) 𝑥 5
𝑦1 (1) 𝑥 −1 𝑦1 (8) 𝑥 6
𝑦1 (2) 𝑥 0 𝑦1 (9) 𝑥 7
𝑦1 (3) 𝑥 1
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5 (a) 𝑦1 = 𝑥 𝑛 − 2
Here, the samples of 𝑥 𝑛 will be shifted by 2.

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5 (b) 𝑦2 (𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛 2)
Here, the samples of 𝑥 𝑛 is up-sampled by factor 2.

𝒚𝟐 (𝒏) 𝒙 𝒏 𝟐 𝒚𝟐 (𝒏) 𝒙 𝒏 𝟐
𝑦2 (−3) 𝑥 −3 2 𝑦2 (4) 𝑥 2
𝑦2 (−2) 𝑥 −1 𝑦2 (5) 𝑥 5 2
𝑦2 (−1) 𝑥 −1 2 𝑦2 (6) 𝑥 3
𝑦2 (0) 𝑥 0 𝑦2 (7) 𝑥 7 2
𝑦2 (1) 𝑥 1 2 𝑦2 (8) 𝑥 4
𝑦2 (2) 𝑥 1
𝑦2 (3) 𝑥 3 2
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5 (b) 𝑦2 (𝑛) = 𝑥(𝑛 2)
The odd values of ‘n’ provide fractional values of ‘n/2’. For these cases,
𝑥 𝑛 2 does not have any specified values. We can put zeros instead.

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