Cobb Updated Nutrient Specs for

Breeders, what and why we change?

Justina Caldas, PhD
Nutritionist
Bangladesh, February, 2020
 Nutritionist for World Technical Support, and internal
operations at Cobb
Justina Caldas, PhD, Poultry Nutritionist

✓Part of the team responsible for the nutrition program in Cobb

since January 2016.

✓Part of the team responsible for the nutrition research plan in

Cobb USA

✓+14 years of Poultry Nutrition experience

✓B.S. Animal Nutrition 2005, La Molina Agrarian University, Peru

✓Ph.D. Univ. of Arkansas, USA 2015. “Breeder and Broiler Nutrition”.

✓6 years prior experience in Peru.

✓4 years of Research Assistant at Univ. of Arkansas, USA.

✓Home-Based in Arkansas, USA

2
OUTLINE

✓ Changes on nutrient specs. B1, B2

✓ Rearing Nutrition Update

✓ Production Nutrition Update

 Cobb PS Recommendations
Phase Starter Grower Developer Breeder 1 Breeder 2 Male
Age (days) Unit
0-28 29-105 106 - 1st egg 1st egg - 266 >267 >168
Age (weeks) 0-4 5-15 16- 1st egg 1st egg – 38 >39 >24
Metabolizable
Energy
Kcal/kg 2,850 2,700 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,700
Crude Protein % 19.0 14.5 15.0 15.0 14.5 13.0
Calcium % 0.95 0.95 1.20 3.00 3.20 0.95
Av. P % 0.45 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.38 0.42
Sodium % 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24
Chloride % 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24
Potassium % 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Linoleic Acid % 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.25 1.0
Digestible Amino Acids
D. Lys % 0.93 0.60 0.63 0.63 (before 0.66) 0.60 (before 0.63) 0.50
D. Met % 0.42 0.31 0.33 0.33 (0.34) 0.31 (0.32) 0.28
D. M+C % 0.70 0.51 0.54 0.55 (0.57) 0.52 (0.55) 0.48
D. Try. % 0.20 0.13 0.14 0.14 (0.15) 0.13 (0.14) 0.12
D. Threo. % 0.65 0.45 0.47 0.47 (0.50) 0.45 (0.47) 0.44
D. Arg. % 0.98 0.66 0.69 0.69 (0.73) 0.66 (0.69) 0.55
D. Val. % 0.67 0.45 0.47 0.47 (0.50) 0.45 (0.47) 0.38
D. Iso. % 0.64 0.42 0.44 0.44 (0.46) 0.42 (0.44) 0.40
Dig. Lysine in B1 on Egg
Production response
0.66%
0.60% dLys 0.72% dLys
100% New Recommendation:
90%
Egg Production, TE%/HD

80% 0.63% Dig. Lys on B1 and 0.60% in B2

70%
60%
50% Item Dig. Lys Dig. Lys P-value
0.60% 0.72%
40%
PK. Prod., % 87.3% 87.1% NS
30%
20% Total eggs 60 wk. 162.7 162.3 NS
10% BW at 60 wk., kg 4.2 4.5
0% Feed Cost $/MT 192.5 199.7+7.2
24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62
Age, wk.
Source: Cobb facilities, USA, 2018-2019
Parent Stock - US Broiler Breeder Industry
(Feed Consumed 1998 – 2018)

Feed Kg/dozen eggs

3.20
3.17
3.15 3.15
3.11 Feed consumed / dozen eggs
3.11
Kg/dozen eggs

3.10 3.10 3.11

3.08 3.09 - 3.1% in 30 years,
3.07
3.05
3.03
3.02
3.00 3.01 Top 25% Cobb flocks
2.99
World Average: 2.82 kg
2.95

2.90
1988
1989
1990
1991
1992
1993
1994
1995
1996
1997
1998
1999
2000
2001
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Year
Source: Agristats, US 2018
Conclusions
➢ New recommendations follow best production flocks.

➢ High AA in lower producing flocks can cause over-fleshed hens

with elevated mortality.

➢ Start with Cobb recommendations and our technical team can

help you adjust depending on your particular conditions.
Nutrition during REARING
Quotes from Nutritionists

Management and nutrition of the broiler breeder is the

most complex piece of poultry production (Kleyn, 2013)

Nutrition should not be the reason why performance

is not achieved (Caldas, 2019)

 500FF Production by Treatment
100
95
90
85
80
75
70
65
60
55
50
45
40
35
30
25
20
15 Water Line problem, birds
10 didn’t drink water for 1 day
5
0
23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62

500FF Std Prod T1 T2 T3 T4

 1
Pullet Development

2
3500

3
0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1. 2
0

1
Body structure

0
3250
3000 formation, 0 - 12 wk

1
2750

4
2
2500
2250

5
2000
BW, g

4
1750
1500

6
2850/19/0.93 Developer /Pre-Breeder
1 .2
0.2

0.4

0.6

0.8

1
0
0

1250
2800/15/0.63

6
1

1000
Grower
2

Achieve fleshing
750
3

2700/14.5/0.60 and body weight

4

500 reserves
5

250
6

0
Starter Feathering
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Age, wk
AMEn/Protein/ Dig. Lysine
Potential growth of a broiler breeder

C700- BW Curve
C500- STD 1 C500 Ad Lib + 2.7
7,000
6100 g
6,000
Pullet feed 2700 kcal/kg/14.5%, 8 hr. of light.
5,000
BW, grams

4,000

3,000
2300 g
2,000

1,000

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21
Age, wk
Source: Cobb, 2017
 Parent Stock
Cobb500™ (Feed Consumed 1998 – 2018)

Feed Kg/pullet at 25 wk
14.2
14.0 14.0
Feed intake kg/pullet

13.8 13.8 Feed consumed / pullet

13.9
13.6 13.6 - 6% in 20 years,
13.4 13.5
13.4 about 0.3% per
13.2 year
13.1 12.9
13.0
12.8
12.6 Top 25% Cobb flocks
12.4 World Average: 11.9 kg
12.2

Source: Agristats, US 2018

Change on body composition of breast and
abdominal fat in breeders: 1975 - 2015

Abdominal Fat (20-22 sem.;

Light Stimulation 4.0
(20-21 wk.) 3.7 Wt.: 1950-2350 g), %
3.5

3.0
2.8
2.5 2.6
2.4
2.0

1.5

1.0 1.0
0.9
0.6 0.7
0.5 0.5
0.0
1988 1992 1996 2000 2004 2008 2012 2016 2020
Source: Bowmake and Gous, 1989; Fattri et al , 1993, Renema et al,
2001a, Sun et al., 2006, Robinson et al., 2007, Mba et al 2010. From
Van Emous 2018; Caldas 2019

Source: University Alberta, Canada, PSA 2016

Body Composition of pullets
and hens 6- 66 wk.
Lean mass, % Fat mass, %
Normal ED Normal SD Normal ED Normal SD
+20% Over- SK feed -20% Under -SK. Feed +20% Over- SK feed -20% Under -SK. Feed
95.0 * 35.0
90.0
30.0
85.0
80.0 25.0
75.0 20.0

%
%

70.0 15.0
65.0
10.0
60.0
5.0
55.0
50.0 0.0
6 10 12 16 21 25 31 37 46 66 6 10 12 16 21 25 31 37 46 66
Age, wk
Age, wk

Source: Vignale et al, 2016

Amino acid nutrition in rearing
affect egg production
135 Lay
phase
120 Daily 6/1 Feed restriction program 5/2

105
16 week to 5% egg production
Feed allocation (g/day/bird)

90 4 – 15 weeks

75 Grower dig Developer

Lysine % dig Lysine %
60 0.51
45
0.48 Energy 0.57 Effect of Amino Acid Levels during Broiler
Breeder Pullet Rearing on development
Energy 0.54 2800
0.63 Andres Ortiz*1,2UG, E. Oviedo-Rondon1, I. Ospina1,
2700 kcal/kg H. Cordova1, V. San Martin1, C. Alfaro1,2, G. Quintana1,2,
30
kcal/kg
0.60 0.69
I. Cardenas1,2, M. Chico1, Y. Matta1,2, L. Penuela1,2,
and J. Caldas3

15
Starter same
for all
0.66 2018-2019
2850/18.5
0
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25
Age (week)
Other amino acids ratio to Lysine
Body weight, feed intake and organ
development at 20 wk.

Relative to BW
Dietary BW Cum Feed Cum Dig.
treatments (97-101%) Intake Lys intake Abd.
Breast Liver
fat
---(g)--- ---(g)--- ---(g)--- ----------------(%)---------------
A = Dig. Lys
0.49/0.51
2267 8372 46 22.3 b 1.31 1.39 b
B = Dig. Lys
0.54/0.57
2313 8337 49 22.8 ab 1.01 1.75 a
C = Dig. Lys
0.60/0.63
2338 8302 53 23.6 ab 0.86 1.73 a
D = Dig. Lys
0.66/0.69
2351 7812 55 24.3 a 0.74 1.64 ab
 Cobb

Amino acid intake during rearing and recommendations

its effect in Production (65 wk.) WK. A B C D

100 Grow 1, D. Lys, % 0.48 0.54 0.60 0.67
95 Treat A Treat B Treat C Treat D
90 *
85 Develop, D. Lys, % 0.51 0.57 0.63 0.70
Produccion de Hievos, %

**
80
75 Cum Dig. Lysine intake,
70
** *
* ** g (5-24 wk.) 53 59 65 68
65 * * * *
60 * ** * ** * *
55 30 81 86 86 87
50 Px, %
45 Best Cobb flocks in 2018
40
35
Cum D. Lys intake, 5-24wk., g 40 66 69 74 66
* Region 1 69
30 b ab a
25 Region 2 67 b
20 Region 3 60
40 72 78 79 75
15 TE/HH
10 Region 4 59 c ab a b
5
0
Average 64.4 65 152 173 175 162
24 26 28 30 32 34 36 38 40 42 44 46 48 50 52 54 56 58 60 62 64
Age (Weeks) P<0.05

Same feed amount and nutrients 2800/15/0.66 in breeder 1, and 2800/14.5/0.63 in breeder 2
 Effects of four amino acid (AA) dietary levels fed to
broiler breeder pullets during the rearing phase from
5 to 25wk on Overall (29-50 wk.) hatchability, %

Dig Lysine Developer with Balanced Protein

90
0.51 0.57 0.63 0.69
Hatchability, %

89

88 P = 0.0034

87

86
Treatment
A
Effects of four amino acid dietary levels fed to broiler
breeder pullets during the rearing phase from 5 to
25wk on overall (29-50 wk.) cracked shells, %

Dig Lysine Developer with Balanced Protein

1.20 0.51 0.57 0.63 0.69

1.00
Cracked shells,%

0.80

0.60

0.40
P = 0.042
0.20

0.00
1
Treatment
Protein intake 1-20 wk.
C500 – TRIAL 1, 2018-2019 COBB – TRIAL 2, 2018-2019

Cum CP Cum Dig. Lys Cum CP Cum Dig. Lys

Dietary
Intake intake Intake intake
treatments Dietary treatments
---(g)--- ---(g)--- ---(g)--- ---(g)---
A = Dig. Lys Low BW (80%STD)/
1,119 46 944 40
0.49/0.51 Low CP
B = Dig. Lys Medium BW
1,119 49 1,041 44
0.54/0.57 (90%STD)/ Low CP
C = Dig. Lys
1,184 53 Best Supp. BW/ Low CP 1,125 48
0.60/0.63
D = Dig. Lys
1,132 55 Supp. BW/ Supp. CP 1,197 51 Best
0.66/0.69

➢ According to Brake, 1997, there is a need of 1180 g cumulative protein from 1-20 wk. to have a good fertility.
Protein intake during rearing
affects Fertility and Hatchability

Hatchability, Dig. Lysine intake, g (1-20 wk.)

Feed in Rearing Fertility, %
%
Feed in Van Emous, Cobb, 2019
High Protein 94.4 87.1 Rearing 2015 (NCSU)

High Protein 49.8 49.5 - 53.7

Medium Protein 93.5 82.3

Medium Protein 47.8

Low Protein 90.2 83.1

P-value 0.074 0.14 Low Protein 45.6

Fertility and Hatchability were better when the

Source: Van Emous, 2015
protein was higher during rearing
 Cost of Feed $/egg
Feed Cost, Feed Cost, Total Feed Feed
US$/MT US$/bird Cost Cost,
Diet 26-65 1-65 wk.,
# eggs US
$
5-25 wk. 26-65 wk. 1- 25 wk. /dozen
wk. US$/bird
A = Dig. Lys
0.49/0.51 232.1 248 2.87 10.84 13.71 152 1.08
B = Dig. Lys
0.54/0.57 233.7 248 2.90 10.82 13.73 173 0.95
C = Dig. Lys
0.60/0.63 237.8 248 2.94 10.79 13.73 175 0.94

D = Dig. Lys
0.66/0.69 240.5 248 2.87 10.73 13.60 162 1.01
Low Protein Intake can affect Cobb
feather development Recommendations

CP intake (5-12 wk.): 313 g CP intake (5-12 wk.): 405 g

D. Lys intake (5-12 wk.): 14 g D. Lys intake (5-12 wk.): 17 g
CP intake (1-20 wk.): 944 g CP intake (1-20 wk.): 1197 g
D. Lys intake (1-20 wk.): 40 g D. Lys intake (1-20 wk.): 51 g

Source: Cobb, 2020 ongoing trial

Effects of Protein intake during rearing
in Production and Mortality, %
Same body weight, different protein Different body weight, different protein
Mortality, % Mortality, %
WT STD/CP STD WT STD/CP LOW WT STD/CP STD WT. L (80%STD) /CP LOW
10.0% 10.0%
9.1%
9.0% 9.0%
+ 5.4%
8.0% 8.0%
7.0% 7.0%
6.0% 6.0%
5.0% + 1.3%
5.0% 5.0%
3.7% 4.0% 3.7%
4.0% 4.0%
3.0% 3.0%
2.0% 2.0%
1.0% 1.0%
0.0% 0.2% 0.0%
0.0% 0.0%
Mortality (22 wk) Mortality (36 wk) Mortality (22 wk) Mortality (36 wk)
Effects of Protein intake during rearing
in Production and Mortality, %
Same body weight, different protein Different body weight, different protein

TE/HH TE/HH
WT STD/CP STD WT STD/CP LOW WT STD/CP STD WT. LOW (80%STD) /CP LOW
180 180
-10
160 153 149 -4 160 153
143
140 140
120 120
100 100 100 97 -3
100 100
80 80
60 60
40 40
18 17 18 -5
20 20 13
0 0
TE/HH (29 WK) TE/HH (45 WK) TE/HH (60 WK) TE/HH (29 WK) TE/HH (45 WK) TE/HH (60 WK)
 Consider Feed Variability
Pullet Grower 1 - Protein,%
17.00
Target protein: 14.5%
16.50
16.00
15.50 Simulated data when target protein is
15.00 13%
Protein, %

14.50
14.00
13.50
13.00
Lab variability: 0.5%
12.50
90% samples falls
12.00 between: 13.7 – 15.5%
11.50
11.00

Date
Table 1.Cobb 500 FF Dark-out Rearing - Nutrient Intake Feeding Guideline

Dig. Feed
Body Energy
Age
Weight Intake *
Lysine Feed Intake, g/d** intake,
intake range

wk., g Kcal/d mg/bird Type g/d

Weekly
Increase
g/d Digestible Lysine intake
1
2
145
280
63
79
206
258
CS
CS
22
28 6
21-26
27-32
for optimum production
3 405 94 307 CS 33 5 29-38 Phase Starter Grower Developer
352 Age (days) Unit
4 520 108 CS 38 5 35-44 0-28 29-105 106 - 1st egg
5 630 114 253 PG 42 4 39-47 Age (weeks) 0-4 5-15 16- 1st egg
6 740 123 273 PG 46 3 43-50 Metabolizable
7 840 130 289 PG 48 3 45-53 Energy
Kcal/kg 2,850 2,700 2,800
8 940 135 300 PG 50 2 47-55 Crude Protein % 19.0 14.5 15.0
9 1,030 140 311 PG 52 2 49-57 Calcium % 0.95 0.95 1.20
10 1,120 145 322 PG 54 2 50-59 Av. P % 0.45 0.42 0.42
11 1,210 151 336 PG 56 2 52-61 Sodium % 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24
12 1,300 159 353 PG 59 3 55-64 Chloride % 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24
13 1,390 169 376 PG 63 4 59-68 Potassium % 0.60 0.60 0.60
14 1,490 179 398 PG 66 4 62-72 Linoleic Acid % 1.00 1.00 1.00
15 1,590 191 424 PG 71 4 64-76 Digestible Amino Acids
16 1,690 214 482 PD 76 6 71-81 %
D. Lys 0.93 0.60 0.63
17 1,830 231 520 PD 83 6 77-88 %
D. Met 0.42 0.31 0.33
18 1,980 248 558 PD 89 6 83-95
D. M+C % 0.70 0.51 0.54
19 2,140 265 596 PD 95 6 89-102 %
D. Try. 0.20 0.13 0.14
20 2,300 280 630 PD 100 5 95-107
D. Threo. % 0.65 0.45 0.47
21 2,450 292 657 PD 104 4 99-112 %
D. Arg. 0.98 0.66 0.69
22 2,600 304 684 PD 109 4 104-116
D. Val. % 0.67 0.45 0.47
23 2,850 316 711 PD 113 4 106-120 %
D. Iso. 0.64 0.42 0.44
24 3,000 328 715 B1 117 4 110-125
Pullet Grower phase 5-15 wk. Objective: Maintain body weight

• Crumble or coarse mash

• Corn grind size if crumble min 800 min, and mash feed: 1000 -1500 um

• Amount: 4.10 - 4.20 kg/pullet (cumulative intake best flocks)

• Energy: 2700 Kcal (2650-2750)

• Crude Protein: 14.5% (14-15%)

• Digestible Lysine 0.60 (0.57 – 0.63%)

• Energy level could be adjusted depend upon feed distribution, uniformity

and type of feeding system (pans, chain, etc.)

Developer phase 16-1st egg Objective: Preparation to light stimulation - lay

• Crumble or mash (same considerations as grower

• Amount: 5.8-6.1 kg per pullet (cumulative intake best flocks)

• Energy: 2800 Kcal (2750-2850),

• Crude Protein: 15% (14-16%)

• Digestible Lysine 0.63 (0.58 – 0.65%)

• Energy level could be adjusted depend upon feed

distribution, uniformity and type of feeding system (pans,

Courtesy: Chance Bryant, Cobb US 2017
chain, etc.)
CONCLUSIONS
✓ Recommendations follow the genetic potential of our birds
and they are based on research

✓ Start using our recommendations and we can help you

adjust based on the uniqueness of your operation,
specially if you are not achieving standards

✓ There are various case studies that show our nutrient

specs. work best in Cobb birds.

Winfridus Bakker
Nutrition during PRODUCTION
Feed Cost, % of production
Grand 20% HE Source: Cobb, 2019

Parents

Parent
30% HE Source: Agristats, US 2019
Stock

Broilers 60% LIVE PX

50% Carcass at Source: Agristats, US 2019

processing plant

INVEST IN GOOD QUALITY INGREDIENTS FOR BREEDERS

 Energy partition during egg Production

Peak Energy
Intake 460 kcal/d
460/2.800 kcal/g = 164 g
Maintenance Production Growth
BW: 3.6 kg. 86% Gain: 8.6 g/d 460/2.900 kcal/g = 159 g

98.3 x BW, Kg0,75 Egg mass: PX * Egg wt. 5.6 * 8.6= 48 Kcal
(Metabolic Weight) 86% * 57.3g = 49.3g
2.4 x 49.3 = 118 Kcal
98.3 x 2.58 = 257 Kcal
In colder temperatures,
the energy needs increase
Activity
15% Maintenance
Calorific values 98.3; 2.4 and 5.6
Source: Reyes, Craig Coon 2011
257 * 15% = 37 Kcal
 Dynamics of Energy expenditure for a broiler breeder in production

Breeders C500:
32 weeks

Dark period 7pm – 3am

Feeding time: 7 AM

Caldas et al., 2015

 Ideal ambient temperature: 21-22 C
Energy intake, kcal/day Energy Consumption at Peak Production

Feed intake g/hen/day

ME 150 155 160 165
2750 413 426 440 454
2800 420 434 448 462
2850 428 442 456 470
2900 435 450 464 479
2950 443 457 472 487
Ideal
Cautious
Dangerous
Crude Protein intake, g/day Ideal ambient temperature: 21-22 C

Protein Consumption at Peak Production

Feed intake g/hen/day

CP 150 155 160 165
14.0 21.0 21.7 22.4 23.1
14.5 21.8 22.5 23.2 23.9
15.0 22.5 23.3 24.0 24.8
15.5 23.3 24.0 24.8 25.6
16.0 24.0 24.8 25.6 26.4
Ideal
Protein requirement: 20 digestible protein/day, equal to 23 crude
Cautious
protein/d (considering 85% digestibility)
Dangerous
Source: Ekmay, 2012
 Protein and amino acid requirement
for egg mass + body gain

Digestibility,
• Requirement for protein at peak production is Ingredients Protein, %
%
23-24 g/d.
Corn 7.86 90%
• What if you use by-products to reduce cost?, Wheat grain 11.5 87%
the needs of protein could be higher due to Soybean 46 91%
lower digestibility in by-products.
Soybean 48 91%
• Use best ingredients for Parent Stock, have Rice bran 13.3 78%
consistency all year long, avoid making Wheat bran-midds 15.1 77%
drastic ingredients change. Quality comes Brazilian Tables 2017

first.
Breeder 1: 1st egg – 38 wk.
Objective: Achieve highest peak production

3
• Energy: 2800 Kcal (2800-2900) 2
1
• Crude Protein: 15% (14-15.5%) 4

• Digestible Lysine 0.63 (0.60 – 0.66%)

5
• Amount: 15-15.7 kg/ hen (cumulative intake 6

best flocks )
Breeder 2: >39 wk.
Objective: Maintain persistency
• Energy: 2800 Kcal (2800-2900), and eggshell quality

• Crude Protein: 14.5% (14-15.5%)

• Digestible Lysine 0.60 (0.57 – 0.63%)

• Increase Ca (+0.20%) and decrease
av. P (-0.04%)
• Amount: 28.5-30.2 kg per hen 39-65 wk.
(cumulative intake best flocks)
Limestone for breeders
If you make crumble feed,
use 800-1200 um of coarse
limestone

If you make mash feed, use

3,233 Microns 1,852 Microns 900 Microns >1500 um of coarse
limestone
Coarse limestone needs to

be>900 um to stay in the

39 Microns
294 Microns 142 Microns
gizzard.
Corn Particle Size used in
breeders

If you make crumble use

800-1200 um to grind
your corn.

If you make mash feed,

use 1200-1800 um to
grind your corn.

Cobb, 2018
 Cobb PS Recommendations
Phase Starter Grower Developer Breeder 1 Breeder 2 Male
Age (days) Unit
0-28 29-105 106 - 1st egg 1st egg - 266 >267 >168
Age (weeks) 0-4 5-15 16- 1st egg 1st egg – 38 >39 >24
Metabolizable
Energy
Kcal/kg 2,850 2,700 2,800 2,800 2,800 2,700
Crude Protein % 19.0 14.5 15.0 15.0 14.5 13.0
Calcium % 0.95 0.95 1.20 3.00 3.20 0.95
Av. P % 0.45 0.42 0.42 0.42 0.38 0.42
Sodium % 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24
Chloride % 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24 0.15 -0.24
Potassium % 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60 0.60
Linoleic Acid % 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.25 1.25 1.0
Digestible Amino Acids
D. Lys % 0.93 0.60 0.63 0.63 0.60 0.50
D. Met % 0.42 0.31 0.33 0.33 0.31 0.28
D. M+C % 0.70 0.51 0.54 0.55 0.52 0.48
D. Try. % 0.20 0.13 0.14 0.14 0.13 0.12
D. Threo. % 0.65 0.45 0.47 0.47 0.45 0.44
D. Arg. % 0.98 0.66 0.69 0.69 0.66 0.55
D. Val. % 0.67 0.45 0.47 0.47 0.45 0.38
D. Iso. % 0.64 0.42 0.44 0.44 0.42 0.40
CONCLUSIONS
1. USE GOOD QUALITY INGREDIENTS AND MAINTAIN
CONSISTENCY OF THE FEED YOU PRODUCE.

2. FOLLOW COBB NUTRIENT RECOMMENDATIONS AND

CONTACT COBB TECHNICAL TEAM FOR ADJUSMENTS IF
NEED IT.
THANK YOU!!!