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Affixes
Syntax
Grammar » Miscellaneous
Possession
[-] Particles
Emphatic Particles April 20, 2012

Negative Particles
तो
भी –ई
यूँ
ही
The suffix –ई has many uses.
[-] Miscellaneous
[-] Affixes
वाला Noun -> Feminine Noun (Vocation)
Echo Words
Pair Words नौकर (servant) -> नौकरी (job, service)
Interjections
Adverbs
Conditional Sentences Verb Stem -> Abstract Feminine Noun
[-] Postpositions
को बोल(ना) (to speak)-> बोली (speech, language)
Conjunctions
[-] Verbals
Masculine Noun -> Diminutive Feminine Noun
[-] Participles
Verb Stem + रहा
डंडा (stick) -> डंडी (small stick)
Habitual Participles
Future Participles
Passive Participles
Adjective -> Noun
Perfect Participles
Imperfective Participles
अच्छा (good) -> अच्छाई (goodness)
Conjunctive Participles
Infinitives
[-] Verbs Noun -> Noun / Adjective
Participle + जाना
Compulsion Idioms िहन्दुस्तान -> िहन्दुस्तानी
Infinitive + होना
Modality िवदेश (foreign country) -> िवदे शी (foreign, foreigner)
[-] Mood
Imperative Mood जंगल (forest, jungle) -> जंगली (wild)
Presumptive Mood
Subjunctive Mood
Aspect –अक
Tense
Negation Certain nouns ending in –अन or ना are converted to an agentive noun by changing the –अन to –अक.
[-] Idiomatic Verbs
िचं तन (contemplation) -> िचं तक (thinker), आलोचना (criticism) -> आलोचक (critic), समथर्न (support) -> समथर्क (supporter)
जाना
चुकना

–आव
िमलना
चाहना
चािहये
सकना The suffix –आव converts a verb stem to a noun. It comes from Hindi/Sanksrit.
देना
पाना चुनना (to choose) -> चुनाव (election, choice)
लगना चढ़ना (to climb, ascend) -> चढ़ाव (upswing, ascent)
होना बदलना (to change) -> बदलाव (change)
[-] Voice
Passive Voice
Causative Verbs अ–
Iterative Constructions
Continuity The prefix अ means “not”, “un-“, “im-“, “without”, “-less”, etc. It comes from Sanskrit/Hindi.
Multiple Subjects
Ergativity With adjectives:
Transitivity
Indirect Verb Constructions अ + संभव (possible) = असंभव (impossible)
Compound Verbs
Conjunct Verbs अ + सफ़ल (successful) = असफ़ल (unsuccessful)
[-] Basic Verb Forms
Future Perfect With nouns:
Future Continuous
Future Perfect Continuous अ + िहं सा (violence) = अिहं सा (nonviolence)
Past Perfect Continuous
Present Perfect Continuous
Future अन–
Past Perfective
Past Perfect The prefix अन means “without”, “not”, etc.
Present Perfect
Past Continuous With adjectives:
Present Continuous
Past Habitual अन + जाना (known) = अनजाना (unknown)
Present Habitual
[-] Adjectives With nouns:
ऐसा
Reflexive Adjective अन + अंत (end) = अनंत (endless)
Indefinite Adjectives
Interrogative Adjectives
Superlative Adjectives –पन
Comparative Adjectives
[-] Pronouns The suffix पन converts adjectives (and occasionally nouns) into abstract nouns, like “-ness”, “-ity”, “-hood” in English. It comes
Reflexive Pronouns from Sanksrit/Hindi. Nouns with this suffix are masculine.
Indefinite Pronouns
Relative Pronouns पागल (insane) + पन = पागलपन (insanity)
Demonstrative Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns अकेला (alone) + पन = अकेलापन (loneliness)
Personal Pronouns
[-] Nouns बच्चा (child) –> बचपन (childhood)
Case
Gender
िनर– / िन–
GET CONNECTED
The prefixes िनर and िन mean “without”. It comes from Sanskrit/Hindi.

Mailing List RSS Feed िनर + दोष (blame) = िनदोर्ष (blameless, innocent)

िन + डर (fear) = िनडर (fearless)

NEWS

JANUARY 8, 2015

Happy New Year 2015!

अप–
Happy new year! Last year, I added about 30
new... Read The prefix अप– indicates something bad, like “dis-“, “in-“, etc. in English. It comes from Sanskrit.

JANUARY 1, 2014 अप + मान (honor, respect) = अपमान (dishonor, disrespect, insult)

Happy New Year 2014!
अप + शब्द (word) = अपशब्द (bad word, abuse)
Happy new year! I was very productive in
2013. I... Read

कु–
LINKS
The prefix कु– transforms a noun into a noun or adjective indicating something bad, evil, inferior, etc. It comes from Sanskrit/Hindi.
CrazyLassi's Hindi Lessons

कु + प्रथा (practice / custom) = कुप्रथा (malpractice, bad custom)

Glovico

कु + कमर् (deed) = कुकमर् (misdeed)

Hindi Urdu Flagship

Hindi Verbs
सु–
iSpeakHindi
The prefix सु transforms a noun or adjective into another noun or adjective indicating something good. It comes from
Sanskrit/Hindi.
italki

सु + कमर् (deed) = सुकमर् (good deed)

Jim Becker's Hindi Links
सु + रक्षा (protection) = सुरक्षा (security, i.e. good protection)
Justlearn

KitaabWorld
दुर्–

Learning Hindi The prefix दुर् indicates something bad or unfortunate. It comes from Sanskrit.

MindurHindi दुर् + घटना (event, incident) = दुघर्टना (accident)

दुर् +भाग्य (fortune, luck) = दुभार्ग्य (misfortune)
Omniglot

PicturEverything.com's Online Guide पुनर्–

Trying to learn Hindi The prefix पुनर् – is like “re-” in English. It comes from Sanskrit.

Tutorical पुनर् + जन्म (birth) = पुनजर्न्म (rebirth)

स–
The prefix स– is like “-ful” in English; it indicates “with”, “together with”, or “full of”, etc. It comes from Sanskrit.

स + फल (fruit, result) = सफल (successful, fruitful)

स्व–
The prefix स्व– indicates “one’s own”, “self-“, etc. It comes from Sanskrit.

स्व + भाव (feeling, emotion) = स्वभाव (one’s own nature, temperament)

सह–
The prefix सह– indicates “together with”, “mutual”, “similar”, “same”, etc.

सह + योग (union) = सहयोग (cooperation)

सह + मत/मित (mind, thought) = सहमत (agreed), सहमित (agreement)

Words can have multiple prefixes, such as असहयोग.

ख़ुश–
The prefix ख़ुश– means “happy”, “fortunate”, “good”, etc. It comes from Persian.

ख़ुश + िक़स्मत (fate, luck) = ख़ुशिक़स्मत (good luck)

ग़ैर–
The prefix ग़ैर– indicates “ir-“, “il-“, “without”, etc. It comes from Arabic.

ग़ैर + क़ानूनी (legal) = ग़ैरक़ानूनी (illegal)

ग़ैर +िज़म्मेदारी (responsibility) = ग़ैरिज़म्मेदारी (irresponsibility)

ना–
The prefix ना– indicates “not”, “without”, like “im-“, “in-“, “un-“, etc. It comes from Persian.

ना + लायक (worthy) = नालायक (unworthy)

ना + मुमिकन (possible, thinkable) = नामुमिकन (impossible, unthinkable)

बद–
The prefix बद– indicates something bad or unpleasant. It comes from Persian. It transforms a noun into an adjective or noun.

बद + सूरत (form, face, visage) = बदसूरत (ugly, unattractive)

बद + नाम (name) = बदनाम (infamous)

बे–
The prefix बे– indicates “without”. It comes from Persian.

बे + होश (consciousness, senses) = बेहोश (unconscious)

ला–
The prefix ला– indicates “without”. It comes from Arabic.

ला + परवाह (care) = लापरवाह (careless, reckless)

हम–
The prefix हम– indicates togetherness.

हम + सफ़र (journey, travel) = हमसफ़र (companion, fellow traveler)

–ता

The suffix –ता transforms an adjective into an abstract feminine noun. It comes from Sanskrit.

िविभन्न (different) + ता = िविभन्नता (difference)

–आई

The suffix –आई transforms a verb stem into a feminine noun. It comes from Hindi.

पढ़(ना) (to read/study) + आई = पढ़ाई (study, education)

–इक

The suffix –इक transforms a noun into an adjective. It comes from Sanskrit.

धमर् (religion) + इक = धािमर् क (religious)

परंपरा (tradition) + इक = पारंपिरक (traditional)

–ईय

The suffix –ईय transforms a noun into an adjective. It comes from Sanskrit.
शास्त्रीय (classical)
भारतीय (Indian)

In Hindi, adjectives are often made from cognate nouns by changing an initial vowel इ to the vowel ऐ and appending the suffix –
इक (in maatraa form). Here are a few examples:
िवश्व (world) -> वैिश्वक (global / worldwide)
िदन (day) -> दैिनक (daily)
िवकल्प (option)-> वैकिल्पक (optional)

–आवट

The suffix –आवट transforms a verb stem into a feminine noun. It comes from Hindi.

िदख(ना) (to appear) + आवट = िदखावट (appearance)

–आ

The suffix –आ changes a verb stem into a masculine noun. It comes from Hindi.

झगड़(ना) (to fight) + आ = झगड़ा (fight, quarrel)

–त्व

The suffix –त्व changes a noun or adjective into an abstract masculine noun.

पुरुष (man) + त्व = पुरुषत्व (virility, manliness)

–पूणर्

The suffix –पूणर् indicates “full of”, etc.

महत्व (important) + पूणर् = महत्वपूणर् (importance)

–ईयत

The suffix –ईयत transforms an adjective into an abstract noun.

अहम (important) + –ईयत = अहिमयत (importance)

–पूवर्क

The suffix –पूवर्क turns a noun into an adverb.

ध्यान (attention/care) + पूवर्क = ध्यानपूवर्क (attentively, carefully)

–मान

The suffix –मान converts a noun into an adjective. It comes from Sanskrit.

बुिद्ध (wisdom/intelligence) + मान = बुिद्धमान (wise, intelligent)

–आना

The suffix –आना converts a noun into an adjective or different noun. It comes from Persian.

साल (year) + आना = सालाना (annual)

–दार

The suffix –दार converts a noun into another noun or an adjective. It comes from Persian.

दुकान (shop) + दार = दुकानदार (shopkeeper)

ईमान (trust) + दार = ईमानदार (honest)

–नाक

The suffix –नाक indicates “full of”. It comes from Persian.

ख़तरा (danger) + नाक = खतरनाक (dangerous)

–ख़ाना

The suffix –ख़ाना indicates a place where something is located, etc. It comes from Persian.

ग़ुसल (washing) + ख़ाना = ग़ुसलख़ाना (washroom, bathroom)

–ईन

The suffix –ईन converts a noun to an adjective. It comes from Persian.

नमक (salt) + ईन = नमकीन (salty snack)

–मंद

The suffix –मंद converts a noun into an adjective. It comes from Persian.

अक़्ल (wisdom, intelligence) + मन्द = अक़्लमन्द (wise, intelligent)

The following article is posted under this category:

वाला

« Miscellaneous Grammar वाला »

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आिदत्य • 5 years ago

The prefix "पुनर्" can also appear as "पुनः," as in "पुनःप्रसार."
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आिदत्य • 5 years ago

"-इक" also changes "अ" to "आ" ("धमर्" >> "धािमर् क"); "ई" and "ए" to "ऐ" ("वेद" >> "वैिदक") and "उ," "ऊ" and "ओ" to "औ ("बुद्ध"
>> "बौिद्धक," "लोक" >> "लौिकक").
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Hélène Sycheva • 7 years ago

thank you thank you mb u could add some more of affixes i thin this is so useful! and as i undersood affix -पन indicates
masculine gender naa?? thank you soooo much for the whole site bahut bahut achha hai!!!
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hindilanguage.info Mod > Hélène Sycheva • 7 years ago • edited

Hi, Hélène! You're welcome, and I am glad that you like this site. Thank you for commenting! Yes, all nouns with
the affix -पन are masculine. All nouns with the suffix -ता are feminine, such as समान ("similar") -> समानता
("similarity"). Often, all nouns with a particular suffix have the same gender. I will update this article soon with
more information. If you like, you may subscribe to Facebook, e-mail, or Twitter for updates (if you haven't
already). You're welcome to ask questions or make requests for new articles any time. Thanks!
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hindilanguage.info Mod > hindilanguage.info • 7 years ago

I just updated the article. Let me know what you think. Thanks!
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