Activity 3: solutions

𝑏
1. a)mean(µ) = ∫𝑎 𝑥𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
1 1
F(x) = ∫0 𝑥( )𝑑𝑥 ;substitute the given to the formula to find for F(x)
2

1 1
= ∫0 𝑥𝑑𝑥 ; factor out the constant number
2

1 𝑥 1+1
= . ; apply the rules for indefinite integrals
2 1+1

𝑥2
F(x) = ; use the formula for definite integrals which is F(b) – F(a), note that b=1 and a=0
4

𝑏2 𝑎2 𝑥2
F(b) – F(a) = - ; use the value of F(x) which is but you need to substitute x with b and a
4 4 4

12 02
= − ; substitute now the value of b and a
4 4

𝟏
Mean(µ) = 𝒐𝒓 𝟎. 𝟐𝟓
𝟒
𝑏
Variance(𝝈𝟐 ) = ∫𝑎 𝑥 2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − 𝜇2
1 1
F(x) = ∫0 𝑥 2 ( )𝑑𝑥 − (0.25)2 ;substitute the given to the formula to find for F(x)
2
1 1
= ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 − (0.25)2 ; factor out the constant number
2

1 𝑥 2+1
=( . ) − (0.25)2 ; apply the rules for indefinite integrals
2 2+1

𝑥3
F(x) = ( ) − (0.25)2 ; use the formula for definite integrals which is F(b) – F(a),
6

𝑏3 𝑎3 𝑥2
F(b) – F(a) = - ; use the value of FG(x) which is but you need to substitute x with b and a
6 6 4

13 03
=( − ) − (0.25)2 ; substitute now the value of b and a
6 6
1
= − (0.25)2
6

= 0.1667 − (0.25)2

𝝈𝟐 = 0.1042

Standard deviation (𝝈) = √𝜎 2 ; shortcut formula of standard deviation is the square root of the
variance
= √0.1042

𝝈 = 0.3227
𝑏
1. b)mean(µ) = ∫𝑎 𝑥𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥
2 1 3
F(x) = ∫0 𝑥( + 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 ;substitute the given to the formula to find for F(x)
8 8
2 1 3
= ∫0 ( 𝑥 + 𝑥 2 )𝑑𝑥 ; distribute multiplying x inside the parenthesis
8 8
2 1 23 1
= ∫0 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ; distribute multiplying ∫0 𝑑𝑥 inside the parenthesis
8 8

1 2 3 2
= ∫0 𝑥𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ; factor out the constant number
8 8

1 𝑥 1+1 3 𝑥 2+1
=( . )+( . ) ; apply the rules for indefinite integrals
8 1+1 8 2+1
 𝑥2 3𝑥 3
F(x) = + ; use the formula for definite integrals which is F(b) – F(a), b=2 and a=0
16 24

𝑏2 3𝑏3 𝑎2 3𝑎3 𝑥2 3𝑥 3
F(b) – F(a) = ( + )-( + ) ; use the value of F(x) which is + but you need to
16 24 16 24 16 24
substitute b and a in the variable x
22 3(2)3 02 3(0)3
=( + )−( + ) ; substitute now the value of b and a
16 24 16 24

4 24
=( + ) − (0)
16 24

1
= ( + 1) ;reduce
4

𝟏
Mean(µ) = 𝟏 𝒐𝒓 𝟏. 𝟐𝟓
𝟒
𝑏
Variance(𝝈𝟐 ) = ∫𝑎 𝑥 2 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 − 𝜇2
2 1 3
F(x) = ∫0 𝑥 2 ( + 𝑥 )𝑑𝑥 − 𝜇2 ;substitute the given to the formula to find for F(x)
8 8
2 1 3
= ∫0 ( 𝑥 2 + 𝑥 3 )𝑑𝑥 − (1.25)2 ; distribute multiplying x inside the parenthesis
8 8
2 1 23 1
= ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 − (1.25)2 ; distribute multiplying ∫0 𝑑𝑥 inside the parenthesis
8 8

1 2 3 2
= ∫0 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 + ∫0 𝑥 3 𝑑𝑥 −(1.25)2 ; factor out the constant number
8 8

1 𝑥 2+1 3 𝑥 3+1
= [( . )+( . )] −(1.25)2 ; apply the rules for indefinite integrals
8 2+1 8 3+1

𝑥3 3𝑥 4
F(x) = ( + ) −(1.25)2 ; use the formula for definite integrals which is F(b) – F(a), b=2 and a=0
24 32

𝑏3 3𝑏4 𝑎3 3𝑎4 𝑥3 3𝑥 4
F(b) – F(a) = [( + )-( + )] −(1.25)2 ; use the value of F(x) which is + but you need
24 32 24 32 24 32
to substitute b and a in the variable x
23 3(2)4 03 3(0)4
= [( + )−( + )] −(1.25)2 ; substitute now the value of b and a
24 32 24 32

8 48
= [( + ) − (0)] −(1.25)2
24 32

1 3
= ( + ) − (1.25)2 ;reduce
3 2
11
= – (1.25)2
6

= 1 . 8333 - 1.5625

𝝈𝟐 = 0 .2708

Standard deviation (𝝈) = √𝜎 2 ; shortcut formula of standard deviation is the square root of the
variance
= √0 . 2708

𝝈 = 0 .5204

2. a. find for the 20th percentile: Note here that this signs are equal 𝝅𝝆 𝒂𝒏𝒅 ‫𝝆ח‬

3𝑥 2
First is to find for the F(x). For the given 𝑓(𝑥) = with an interval of 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2
8

3𝑥 2
𝑓(𝑥) = use the formula F(x) = ∫ 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 so,
8

3𝑥 2
F(x) = ∫ 𝑑𝑥 ; factor out the constant number
8
3
= ∫ 𝑥 2 𝑑𝑥 ; use the indefinite rule(power rule)
8
 3 𝑥 2+1
F(x) = .
8 2+1

3𝑥 3
= ; reduce
24

𝒙𝟑
F(x) =
𝟖

Now find for the 20th percentile.

𝜋
Using the formula ∫𝑠 𝜌 𝑓(𝑥)𝑑𝑥 = 𝜌, 𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝜌 = 20𝑡ℎ 𝑜𝑟 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑒𝑐𝑖𝑚𝑎𝑙 0.20

𝜋 3𝑥 2
Substitute the given on the formula so: ∫0 0.20( )𝑑𝑥 = 0.20 but we need to use the definite integral
8
since we have the interval 0 ≤ 𝑥 ≤ 2.
𝜋 3𝑥 2
Note that in the definite integral ∫0 0.20( )𝑑𝑥 = 0.20 can be evaluated as F(b) –F(a) where b= 𝝅𝟎.𝟐𝟎
8
𝒙𝟑
and a = 0. Using F(x) = (substituting x with the value of a and b) to the formula F(b) – F(a)
𝟖

𝒃𝟑 𝒂𝟑
Then: − = 0.20
𝟖 𝟖

(π0.20 )3 (0)3
− = 0.20
8 8
(π0.20 )3
= 0.20 ; cross multiply where the denominator of 0.20 is 1
8

(π0.20 )3 = 8(0.20)

(π0.20 )3 = 1.6 ; get the cube root of both side

3 3
√(π0.20 )3 = √1.6

𝛑𝟎.𝟐𝟎 = 𝟏. 𝟏𝟔𝟗𝟔 ; thus, the 20th percentile is 1.1696.

b. find for the 45th percentile

Follow the same procedure only that instead of 0.20 it will become 0.45
𝒃𝟑 𝒂𝟑
So; − = 0.45
𝟖 𝟖

(π0.45 )3 (0)3
− = 0.45
8 8
(π0.45 )3
= 0.45 ; cross multiply where the denominator of 0.20 is 1
8

(π0.45 )3 = 8(0.45)

(π0.45 )3 = 3.6 ; get the cube root of both side

3 3
√(π0.45 )3 = √3.6

𝛑𝟎.𝟒𝟓 = 𝟏. 𝟓𝟑𝟐𝟔 ; thus, the 45th percentile is 1.5326.

TRY AGAIN THIS ACTIVITY: Show the solution for the problem below arriving to the given answer and
send it in private for checking.
𝒙
Continuous random variable x has a probability density f(x) = , with an interval 𝟎 ≤ 𝒙 ≤ 𝟏.
𝟐

a. compute for the mean, variance and standard deviation

Answer: mean = 0.1667, variance = 0.0972 and standard deviation = 0 .3118

b. compute for the 50th percentile: answer = 1.4142