John Eroll M.

Palermo NAV 4 FINAL REQUIREMENTS

NS2-A6 Capt. Lahuerte

1. Who discover the first celestial line of position and state how he discover and give two assumption or
premise before he made a conclusion of his discovery and who modify it after almost 38 years of what
we known intercept Method. (Give an abstract problem and solution, example for this is Longitude by
chronometer.

Answr: The celestial line of position concept was discovered in 1837 by Thomas Hubbard
Sumner when, after one observation, he computed and plotted his longitude at more than one
trial latitude in his vicinity – and noticed that the positions lay along a line.

2. How to use the Nautical almanac in various aspect such as GMT to GHA of the sun or GHA of aries,
declination sun,planets, and moon, twilight both evening and civil, the A2 altitude correction table for
sun, stars and planets, and increment and correction( Give the abstract problem and solution)

Answer: Example

‣ You're located at W 075º 44'.  When is LAN (Local Apparent Noon) on January 21, 2016?

‣The GHA less than your Longitude on January 21, 2016 is 72° 11.7' (at 17:00 GMT).

               ‣Arrange the formula like this: ((75º 44' – 72° 11.7') / 15) + 17

‣ Answer= 17:14:09.2 GMT (LAN for January 21, 2016 at W 075º 44')

Another way
‣ (Your Longitude – GHA less than your Longitude)

‣ Take the answer to “TABLE 3-Conversion of Arc to Time” and convert the figure to time.
‣ Then add the result to the GHA integral hour.
3.How to apply the amplitude to find compass error and deviation (provide problem and
solution)

Answer:

Abbreviation Description
ZT Zone time of observation. Note: if chronometer time is read instead of Zone Time, no ZD correc tion is necessary.
CT If using CT instead of ZT, and CE is present, account for it.
(+W/-E) ZD Zone description. If in western longitude, add ZD to ZT for GMT. If in eastern longitude, subtract ZD from ZT for GMT.
GMT Greenwich Mean Time: Sum of ZT and ZD, or CT and CE. Used for finding Dec in NA.
Dec Declination: found in daily pages of NA for whole hour value of GMT
Correction for additional minutes. Note the "d" value at the bottom of the column, place value in ( ) and turn to Increments and Corrections (yellow pages
+/- d corr ( )
minutes, find the correction for the corresponding "d" value.
Dec Sum of initial Dec and "d" correction
Example sin A= (sin Dec/cos Lat) ex. Sin A= (sin 22.1/cos 36.4)
--> Sin A= 0.467
--> A =W 27.867 N
--> A = W 24° S
--> Zn = 246°
--> (270-24)
--> A = E 13° N
--> Zn = 77°
--> (90-13)
--> A = E 56° S
--> Zn = 146°
--> (90+56)
--> A = W 30° N
--> Zn = 300°
--> (270+30)
T True compass bearing: the Zn value we found in prior steps
V Variation locally: Found on charts or is given in problems.
M Magnetic bearing: Sum of T and V. Is NOT the value found by PSC.
D Deviation: Compass error based on heading and magnetic field of ship itself.
C Compass Bearing: This is the bearing you found when you observed the body originally.
aW Not a value, merely a reminder that you add West and subtract E error as you work down this form.

4. How to plot celestial line of position (LOP) (Give problem and solution, use your own scale in plotting, sheet)

1. We obtained and corrected a sight from our sextant.

2. We used the Almanac to find out the Declination and GHA of the sun at that exact time.
3. We then used our assumed position to calculate our LHA – or position of our boat in relation to the ground
position of the sun.
4. With our assumed latitude, LHA, and declination of the sun we entered the sight reduction tables to work
out the bearing of the sun and the computed altitude from our position.
5. Now in this post we use the bearing of the sun from our position – Azimuth angle and  then compare the
difference between our sextant angle with the one we got from the sight reduction tables – the difference is
in nautical miles and our line of position can be drawn intersecting the angle line.
5. Locating the best star to shoot using H.O Pub. 249 Volume 1 (Give abstract problem and solution)

Answr: Use of Vol. 1 takes a new approach to star sights. We figure twilight time from the Almanac, then
we look up the GHA of Aries at that time, and from our DR at that time we find the LHA of Aries at the
proposed sight time. Then we round our DR-Lat to nearest whole degree, and we have effectively
established the sky that is overhead. Knowing this, Vol. 1 then gives us a selection of 7 stars by name
suitable for sights, with the 3 best ones marked with diamonds. Stars in all caps are bright ones. The LHA
Aries marked a specific time, so Vol 1 can tell us the Hc and Zn to each of the 7 stars. It has precomputed
these stars for us, which we would otherwise have to do with Pub 229 or a calculator.

Next we take sights to the three stars in the normal manner, noting Hs and WT for each sight as in
standard practice. Convert Hs to Ho and WT to UTC and we are ready to complete an abbreviated sight
reduction to get the a-value.  Don't worry, you do not have to know these stars, nor how to identify them in
the sky.  Just go out at about the time you used, set the sextant to the Hc given, and point in the Zn given,
and your star will be there.  A point of pure light in a pale blue sky, often not even visible to the naked eye
without a telescope pointing in the right place. Bring it to the horizon and you are done.  Indeed, it is not
unreasonable to use Vol. 1 just to select the best stars and get this precomputation done for you. After the
sights you can reduce them however you like, but Vol. 1 itself can be used as shown below.

We illustrate the use of Vol. 1 with a trick way to practice cel  nav for any type of reduction, namely we
use the USNO computation of celestial bodies to tell us what the heights are from a given time and place,
then we pretend that is what we measured, and we use our sight reduction method of choice to see if we
can reproduce the Lat-Lon we gave to the USNO. 
6. Latitude by meridian altitude of the sum and to find the time of transit of the sun..

1. Answer: n21st  Jan 2008 AM, in DR 24˚ 36.0’ S 110˚ 20.0’ W,the
sextant altitude of the Suns’sLL was 85˚ 03.5’. If IE was 1.6’ off
the arc and HE was 10m, find the latitude and state the
direction of the PL (LOP).