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Mathematical Model/Numerical Method
Mathematical Model/Numerical Method
Mathematical Model/Numerical Method
Ng
∂ εg ρg X
+ ∇ · εg ρg ug = S gi (1)
∂t
i=1
Ng
P
where S gi is the sum of the mass changes of each component due to the chemical reaction, and i is
i=1
the number of gas-phase species.
Momentum equation:
∂ εg ρg ug
+ ∇ · ε g ρ g u g u g = −ε g ∇p + ∇ · ε g τ g + ε g ρ g g + β us − u g (2)
∂t
where β is the gas–solid drag coefficient [19].
εs 2 µ g εs ρ g
150 εg 2 ds 2 + 1.75 εg ds u g − us ε g < 0.8
β= εs ρ g (3)
3 −2.65
4 C d ds u g − u s ε g ε g ≥ 0.8
24
Re 1 + 0.15Re0.687 s Re < 1000
Cd = (4)
0.44 Re ≥ 1000
2ρ f u g − us rs
Re = (5)
µg
where µ g is the molecular gas viscosity.
Energy equation:
∂(ε g ρ g h g )
+ ∇ · ε g ρ g u g h f =
∂t . (6)
∂p
h i .
ε g ∂t + u g · ∇p + Φ − ∇ · ε g −λ g ∇T g + Q + Sh + qD
.
where Φ represents the viscous dissipation term, Q represents the energy source term, and λ g represents
gas fluid thermal conductivity.
.
qD represents enthalpy diffusion, written as
Ng
.
X
qD = ∇ · hi ε g ρ g D∇Y g,i (7)
i=1