Newdatasets

• 25rockchip(surface)samplesreceived
Greenrockblindtest
• Allsamplesslabbedfortexturalanalysis BHPBilliton
• AllsamplesstainedforKͲfeldsparatCODES
• Wholerockdata:25wholerockanalysesfromALS
Chemex
• Epidotechemistry:154LAͲICPMSanalyses
(plus10discarded)from17samples
• Chloritechemistry:48LAͲICPMSanalyses
(plus46discarded)from10samples
• SWIRdata:50Terraspec analyseson25samples
MikeBaker,NathanFox,ElenaLournejeva and
LejunZhang
AMIRAP1060SponsorsMeeting– March2014
151562– epidoteͲchloritealtered AMIRAP1060– March2014 ConfidentialtosponsorsuntilDecember2015
plagioclaseͲphyricandesite ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 3

Sampledistribution– planview Thanksto...

• MarioValdez

2km

• 25surfacesamplesprovided
• 6x9kmareasampled;including9kmͲlongWͲEsampletraverse
AMIRAP1060– March2014 197804– epidoteͲchloritealteredandesite AMIRAP1060– March2014
ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 4 withsmallchloriteͲquartzveins ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 2
 SamplelocationsͲ rocktype Sampledistribution– crosssection
W E
100m

2km

2km

Elevationvariesfrom150mto520ma.s.l.along9kmͲlongsampletraverse

AMIRAP1060– March2014 AMIRAP1060– March2014

ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 7 ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 5

Rockclassification– K2OvSiO2 Rocktypes

151560 151558 151555 151634

1.0cm 1.0cm 1.0cm 1.0cm

PlagioclaseͲphyric FineͲgrainedtoaphyric EpidoteͲchloritealtered Chloritealtered

andesite,epidoteͲchlorite dacite,quartzveinwith volcaniclasticrock volcaniclasticrock,
altered,quartzͲKͲfeldspar KͲfeldsparhalo containsdisseminated
veins pyrite

AMIRAP1060SponsorsMeeting– March2014
AMIRAP1060– March2014 ConfidentialtosponsorsuntilDecember2015
ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 8 6
 ep dol ank chl, py

KͲFeldspardistribution Rockclassification
Moderatetostrong ThesamplesarelowͲKtomediumͲK
None rocks;highͲKcontentsarecaused
il
151562– Dacite
Weak ab
bypotassicalteration
K-fs

HighKandshoshonite
Largeetal.(2001)

Weak
MediumK

2 km

dacite
LowK

151560– QuartzͲadulariaveininfill
AMIRAP1060– March2014 AMIRAP1060– March2014
FromCrawfordetal.(2007)
ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 11 ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 9

Potassicalteration– K2Ocontent Alterationtypes

151553 151559 151558

2km

1.0cm 1.0cm 1.0cm

EpidoteͲchloritealteration KͲfeldspar,epidoteandchlorite IlliteͲmuscoviteandchloritealteration,
• MajorityofhighK2Ovaluesinwest(alsodeepestsamples) 54ppm Cu,5ppm As, alteration cutbyquartzveinwithKͲfeldsparhalo
12ppm Pb 4ppm Cu,36ppm As, 108ppm Cu,3ppm As,
AMIRAP1060– March2014 8ppm Pb
ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 12
10ppm Pb 10
 0.34
Potassicalteration– secondaryKͲfeldspar 4.14 1.71
Sulfideoccurrence
Replacement
Pyritevisiblein
handspecimen
StrongKͲfeldsparaltered EpidoteͲchloritealteration
plagioclaseͲphyricandesite involcaniclasticrock WeaksericiteͲchlorite
alteredvolcaniclastic
CuͲsilicatemineral
present

1.0cm unstained 1.0cm unstained 1.0cm unstained

2km 2km

stained stained stained

151559(K2O=4.14wt%) 151551(K2O=1.71wt%) 151637(K2O=0.34wt%)

AMIRAP1060– March2014
ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 15 13

Potassicveinsandalteration – secondary 2.66 2.93

Illitecrystallinity KͲfeldspar
Veininfill Veinenvelope

151560Ͳ Unstained 151558Ͳ Unstained

ICcomparison:
Grasberg: 0.34Ͳ6.70
2km
Atlantida:0.45Ͳ1.21
Gosowong: 0.19Ͳ0.83
• Highervaluesequatetohighertemperatures 151558– KͲfeldsparinalteration
envelopearoundquartzvein
• Thesevaluesarelow comparedtoGrasberg,butsimilartoAtlantida (K2O=2.93wt%)
• TerraSpecidentifiedmainlyphengite,somemixedilliteͲmuscoviteandilliteͲphengite 151560– QuartzͲadulariaveinin
porphyriticandesite 151560– SWUVlight 151558– SWUVlight
AMIRAP1060– March2014 (enhanced)
(K2O=2.66wt%)
ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 16 14
 Chloritecomposition– 2250peakposition Epidoteoccurrence

2km 2km

• TerraSpecdetectedchloritein20samples
• 10LAͲICPMSmountscontainedchlorite
AMIRAP1060– March2014 AMIRAP1060– March2014
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Hematiteoccurrence Chloriteoccurrence

2km 2km

AMIRAP1060– March2014 AMIRAP1060– March2014

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 Summary– geologyandalteration
• Geology
Magnetiteoccurrence
• Volcanic(andesite,daciteandvolcaniclastic)hostrocks
• Magnetitefoundasminordisseminatedgrainsinsixsamplesandas
aveininonesample,coincidentwithstrongKͲalteration
• QuartzͲadulariaveininsampleatwesternendofWͲEsection
വ Epithermal?
• Disseminatedsulfideminerals(pyrite,chalcopyrite)infoursamples,
allfromeasternendofWͲEsection
• CuͲsilicatemineralpresentinonesampleateasternendofWͲE
section
• Alteration
• StrongepidoteͲ(chlorite)replacementalterationobservedinmost
samples;veinepidoteoccursmostlyincentreofdistrict
2km
• ModerateͲstrongpotassicalterationinsomesamples,mostlyat
westernanddeepestendofWͲEsection
• MagnetiteveincoupledwithKͲalteration:strongporphyryindicator

151561– chloriteͲmagnetiteͲ AMIRAP1060– March2014 AMIRAP1060– March2014

(hematite)alteredandesite ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 23 ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 21

Magneticsusceptibility

Wholerock
Samplewith
magnetitevein
geochemistry

2km

AMIRAP1060– March2014 AMIRAP1060– March2014

151636– hematitealteredandesitictuff
ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 24 ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 22
 Wholerockgeochemistry Wholerockgeochemistry
Binmethod:Equaltails6Groups

• VerylowS(<0.1%)andmostlynovisiblesulfideminerals Cu(ppm) As(ppm)

ƒ Likelyoutsideoftheporphyry‘pyritehalo’
Chrysocolla present
Proximalindicators– mineralisationstyles
QuartzͲadulariavein:
LSepithermal?

HighestCu:0.2% 2km
HighestAg:16ppm
Sulfur<LOD,
Magnetitevein: hematiteandCuͲsilicate:
HighͲ Cu,S,As
porphyry? transportedoxidezone?
LowͲ Mn,Zn,(Li) Pb (ppm)
S(%)

2km

AMIRAP1060– March2014 AMIRAP1060– March2014

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Summary– wholerockgeochemistry Wholerockgeochemistry

Binmethod:Equaltails6Groups

• Geochemistry Sb (ppm) Li(ppm)

• SamplesarelowͲ tomediumͲKrocks;highͲKcontents
appeartobecausedbypotassicalteration
• SampleswithhighestK2Oconcentrationsareatwestern
(deepest)endofWͲEsection
• NoAudataprovided;MoandAgabovelimitofdetectionin
2km
oneandthreesamples,respectively
• HighCuoccursinsamplesfromwesternandeasternendsof
WͲEsection
വ Highestconcentration(2360ppm)isinsamplewith Mn (ppm) Zn(ppm)
visiblechrysocolla
• HighestS,Asvaluesalsofoundatwesternandeasternends
ofWͲEsection
Mineralisationoccurringnearbothwesternandeasternendsof
sampledistrict?

151561– chloriteͲmagnetiteͲ(hematite) AMIRAP1060– March2014

alteredandesite ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 28
 Chloritechemistry
Binmethod:Equaltails6Groups

Cu(ppm) Ti(ppm)

Chrysocolla present

Chloritemineral
2km

chemistry
Zn(ppm) Mn (ppm)

197804– epidoteͲchloritealteredandesite AMIRAP1060– March2014

withsmallchloriteͲquartzveins ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 29

Chloritechemistry ChloriteZn– Mn fertilityindicator

Binmethod:Equaltails6Groups

Sr (ppm) Li(ppm)

Giant
only
2km

Ti/Sr Ti/Li

AMIRAP1060– March2014
ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 30
 Summary– chloritemineralchemistry ChloriteTi/Sr ElTenienteproximitor

• Chlorite
– Chloritegrainsaregenerallysmall,inclusionͲrichor
partiallyͲreplacedanddifficulttoanalyse,leadingto
ahighrejectionrate
– Giantsystem(ZnͲMn fertilitydiagram)
– Chloriteproximitor equation(Ti/Sr,ElTeniente)
pointstoanareaeither~2kmNEofnorthern
samples,ortoaSEareabetweenWͲEsectionandSE
samplesat~2000mbelowsurface
2km
– HighTi/Sr valueatwesternendofWͲEsection,along
withsomeoverlappingTi/Sr proximitor values
suggestsasecondarytargetinSWorNW,~1750m Distance=
belowsurface ln[Ti/470Sr]
Ͳ0.0013

197810– dacitecutbyepidoteͲaltered AMIRAP1060– March2014 AMIRAP1060– March2014

aplite veins ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 35 ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 33

ChloriteTi/Sr ElTenienteproximitor
CrossͲsection
W E

Epidotemineral
chemistry
Ͳ1750m Ͳ2000m
1km

2km

Distance=
ln[Ti/470Sr]
Ͳ0.0013

151632– epidoteͲchloritealtered AMIRAP1060– March2014 AMIRAP1060– March2014

volcaniclasticandesite ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 36 ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 34
n(max) =35 Variabilityinepidote BHPBlindtest– epidotetraceelementfertility
traceelementfertility BHPBilliton n(max) =154
– samplelocation blindtest

n(max) =61

n(max) =58

2km

Totalresource:Unknown

AMIRAP1060– March2014
Hostrocks– andesites,dacites,volcaniclastics
39 ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 37

Epidotechemistry Comparison– epidotetraceelementfertility

Binmethod:Equaltails6Groups
Quebrada Blanca n(max) =276
As(mean) Pb (mean) porphyryCuͲMo
deposit,Chile

2km

Sb (mean) Bi(mean)

Totalresource:1.43 Gt@0.59%Cu,0.02%Mo (8.5 MtCu)

Ireland(2010)
AMIRAP1060– March2014 Hostrocks– andesite,dacite,rhyolite
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 Conclusionsfromgeologyand Epidotechemistry
geochemicaldata Binmethod:Equaltails6Groups

Cu(mean) Mo(mean)
• Sparsesampledistribution
– Wedonotseeauniquesolutionwhenintegratingdifferenttechniques
• Geology
– Strongestpotassicalterationisfoundatwestern(deepest)endofWͲEsection
– QuartzͲadulariaveininsampleatwesternendofWͲEsection:epithermal
mineralisation?
– MagnetiteveinandstrongKͲalteration:strongporphyryindicator 2km
– Hematite,sulfide,CuͲsilicateisfoundateastern(highest)endofWͲEsection
• Wholerockgeochemistry
– HighCuoccursinsamplesfromwesternandeasternendsofWͲEsection;
highestconcentration(2360ppm)isinsamplewithvisibleCuͲsilicate Sn (mean) Mn (mean)
• Mineralchemistry
– Chloriteandepidotemineralchemistryindicatethatthisdistrictislikelyto
hostagiantporphyryCuͲModeposit atasizesimilartoQuebrada Blanca
– Indicatorelementsinbothepidoteandchloritesuggesttargetareasatdepth
atboththewesternandeasternendsofthesectionline
– Vectoringtoolsareheavilybiasedbysampledistribution;inͲfillsampling
wouldberequiredtobetterconstrainconclusions

197810– dacitecutbyepidoteͲ AMIRAP1060– March2014

alteredaplite veins ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 43

Conclusions
• Sampledistributionmakesitdifficulttolocatetargetslessthan~2kminsize; Summary– epidotemineralchemistry
resultswillmostlikelybeapplicabletoagiantͲscaledeposit
• Oneprimary(E)andonesecondary(W)targetareaidentified,bothlyingatup
to2kmbeneathsurface • Epidote
Primarytargetarea
IC;Chl 2250;Sulfides;CuͲsilicate;WR:Cu;
Epi:vein,As,Sb,Pb,Mn,V,Cu,Bi,Zr,Mg; – Giantsystem
Chl:Cu,Ti,Mn,Ti/Sr
– Traceelementconcentrationsonfertilitydiagrams
comparefavourablywithQuebrada Blanca,aswell
asothergiantAndeanporphyryCuͲModeposits
– Proximalindicators:highestCuvaluesinsamplesat
centreandSEofdistrict;highestSn valuesin
samplesatcentreofdistrict
– Distalindicators:highAs,Pb,Sbconcentrationsare
moreevenlydistributed
Secondarytargetarea
Potassicalt.;Mag vein;Adulariavein; • Morethanonedepositcentre?
HighK;IC;Mag Sus.;WR:S,As,(Li);
Epi:As,Pb,Sb,Bi,Sn;Chl:Ti/Sr 2km • Overlappingalterationhalos?

151631– epidotealteredandesite(top) AMIRAP1060– March2014 197810– dacitecutbyepidoteͲ AMIRAP1060– March2014

cutbycmͲwideaplite dyke(bottom) ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 44 alteredaplite veins ConfidentialtoP1060sponsorsuntilDecember2015 42
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AMIRAP1060– March2014 AMIRAP1060– March2014
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AMIRAP1060– March2014 AMIRAP1060– March2014

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AMIRAP1060– March2014
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