SECTION A: Short answer questions [44 Marks]

Answer all the questions in the spaces provided on the question paper.

1. Figure 1.0 shows some cells found in animals.

X Y Z

a) Identify each of the cell above.

X: ………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
Y: ………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
Z: ……………………………………………………………………………......... [1]
b) State the functions of cells Y and Z.
Function of cell Y: ……………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
Function of cell Z: ……………………………………………………………………..
…………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
c) Describe how cells X and Y are adapted to their functions.
Cell X: ……………………………………………………………………………….....
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
Cell Y: ………………………………………………………………………………….
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
d) Explain how cell X is able to move.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………… [1]
[TOTAL: 8]

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2. Figure 2.0 shows two diagrams before and after an experiment.
B
A

Salt solution Salt solution

Potato tissue Potato tissue

At the beginning At the end of the

of the experiment experiment

a) i) State the process that was responsible for the change of the potato tissue shown in
beaker B from that in beaker A.
Process: ……………………………………………………………………… [1]
ii) Explain what happened to potato tissue in A for it to appear as shown in B.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
b) i) State the condition of the potato tissue in beaker B.
……………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
ii) Suggest one way by which the potato tissue in B could be returned to the condition
in beaker A.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
c) i) Relate the effects of the process in the above experiment to transpiration.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
ii) In terms of fertilizer application, what two precautionary measures should be taken
to avoid the effects shown in beaker B?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………... [1]
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………... [1]

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 d) i) What is meant by active transport?
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
ii) How does a plant obtain its mineral nutrients from the soil?
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................................
............................................................................................................................. [1]
[TOTAL: 9]
3. A grade 12 pupil wanted to find out the nutrients present in one food sample. By using
iodine solution, Benedict solution and Biuret reagent, he made the observations shown in
the table below.
Table 3.0
Reagents Iodine solution Biuret reagent Benedict solution
Brown/yellowish
Observations
colour Purple colour Orange/red colour

a) i) Which two food nutrients were present in the food sample?

…………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………… [1]
ii) Give reasons for your answers in a) i) above.
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………. [2]
b) i) Describe the importance of the food nutrients present in the food sample.
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
……………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………….. [2]
ii) State the two nutritional disorders / conditions that could result from the absence
of the two identified food nutrients in the food sample.
…………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
…………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
iii) Name the source of one of the identified food nutrients in the food sample.
…………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
[TOTAL: 9]
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4. Figure 4.0 shows the structure of a nephron.

Bowman's first coiled second coiled

glomerulus
Y X tubule N tubule O
capsule
A
from renal
artery
From
from another
another
nephron
nephron
to renal
vein

B Collecting
collecting duct
duct

loop of
Henle

urine

Urine

a) i) State the names of blood vessels A and B

Blood Vessel A: ……………………………………………………………. [1]
Blood vessel B: …………………………………………………………….. [1]
ii) Explain how part Y removes metabolic wastes from the blood.
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
iii) Describe how the nephron carries out the selective re-absorption and
osmoregulation.
Selective re-absorption: ……………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
Osmoregulation: ……………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
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 b) Name two substances that are found in the glomerular filtrate in part Z.
………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
c) Give one reason as to why parts labelled N and O are convoluted.
………………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………. [1]
d) Name the part labelled Z. …………………………………………………….... [1]
[TOTAL: 9]
5. Chimuka got married to Misozi had an albino child, named Mabvuto. Both Chimuka and
Misozi were normal for the trait of albinism.
a) Draw a cross diagram in the space provided below to show how it was possible for
both normal parents to have an albino child. (Note: Use symbols of your choice)

[5]

b) State the genotypes of Chimuka, Misozi and Mabvuto.

Chimuka’s genotype: …………………………………………………….. [1]
Misozi’s genotype: ………………………………………………………. [1]
Mabvuto’s genotype: …………………………………………………….. [1]
c) What causes albinism?
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………….. [1]
[TOTAL: 9]
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SECTION B Essay questions [36 marks]
Answer any three questions from this section.
All answers must be in complete sentences in paragraphs.
6. a) Describe the process of reproduction in a frog. [3]
b) Describe the biological changes associated with sexual development in human
beings. [5]
c) Explain the process of fertilisation and implantation in human beings. [4]
[TOTAL: 12]
7. a) Describe the types of soil and their properties. [6]
b) Describe factors that make the soil fertile. [4]
c) Discuss the causes of loss of fertility in soil. [2]
[TOTAL: 12]
8. a) i) State three types of skeleton. [3]
ii) Explain why a bone is referred to as a living tissue. [1]
b) i) Describe the action of named antagonistic muscles. [4]
ii) Describe the parts of the synovial joint and state their functions. [4]
[TOTAL: 12]
9. a) i) State three functions of blood [3]
ii) Describe the process of blood clotting [4]
b) Discuss the importance of determining the blood groups and Rhesus factors of
individuals. [3]
c) Explain the importance of screening the blood for the purpose of transfusion. [2]
[TOTAL: 12]
10. a) What is meant by good health? [4]
b) Describe three types of diseases. [3]
c) i) Describe ways of HIV transmission. [3]
ii) Explain the dangers of having multiple sexual partners. [2]
[TOTAL: 12]