International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And Data Communication, ISSN: 2320-2084 Volume-5, Issue-8, Aug.

-2017
http://iraj.in
RESTORATION OF BLURRED IMAGES USING WIENER FILTERING
MARAPAREDDY. R

The University of Southern Mississippi, MS, USA

E-mail: kala.marapareddy@usm.edu

Abstract - In practical situation, images are easily degraded due to the complex surrounding environment. Investigated
image restoration using optimal Wiener filtering. To investigation an algorithm, intentionally degraded image and then
applied Wiener filtering to try to restore the original image. In this paper, will discuss on atmospheric turbulence degradation
model. Then, inverse filtering and minimum mean square error i.e., wiener filtering will be discussed to restore the blurring
images.

Index terms - Wiener filter, frequency domain, blurred images, digital filters, image restoration.

I. INTRODUCTION modeled as a dynamic random process that perturbs

The degradation of an image can be modeled as a blur
function and additive noise. Common blurs include
motion blur and Gaussian blur. Imaging systems may
introduce the distortion or artifacts, which will
seriously influence the application of the image, such
as target detection, etc. To restore the degraded image
in the Fourier domain is a common resolution
method. Suppose the frequency represent of image f
(x, y) is F (u, v), H (u, v), is the degradation function,
then, we can the degraded image representation G (u,
v) = H(u, v) F(u, v). We see that the degradation
system can be modeled in the spatial domain as the
convolution of the degradation function with an
image.
the phase of the incoming light. From the refraction
index structure functions, Hufnagel and Stanley [7]
derived a long-exposure optical transfer function,
H (u, v) =
to model the long-term effect of turbulence in optical
imaging. Here u and v are the horizontal and vertical
frequency variables and ‘k’ parameterizes the severity
of the blur. As ‘k’ increases in value, so does the
degree of the blur. ‘k’ is a constant that depends on
the nature of turbulence, as shown in figures 1 and 2.
III. IMAGE RESTORATION

II. THEORY OF ATMOSPHERIC Inverse Filtering: If we know the degradation

TURBULENCE
Atmospheric turbulence is caused by the random
fluctuations of the refraction index of the medium. It
can lead to blurring in images acquired from a long
distance away. Since the degradation is often not
completely known, the problems are viewed as blind
image deconvolution or blur identification. Image
degradation associated with atmospheric turbulence
often occurs when viewing remote scenes: the objects
of interest will appear blurred, and the severity of this
blurring will typically change over time. In addition,
the stationary scene may appear to waver spatially [1-
2].
In the physical world, several factors affect the
blurring distortion that we observe, such as
temperature, humidity, elevation, and wind speed. In
most cases these atmospheric conditions are not
known, nor is there generally any external
information available to help specify the blur function
[3-5].
Random fluctuations of the refraction index cause
atmospheric turbulence degradation. These
phenomena have been observed in long-distance
surveillance imagery and astronomy [6]. The
fluctuations in atmospheric turbulence can be
function H (u, v), the simplest approach to restore
degradation image is direct inverse filtering. The
recovery image can be estimated in frequency
domain, F~ = G (u, v)/H (u, v)
However, the equation above doesn’t consider the
situation of additive noise.
Otherwise, the formula will be,
F~ = F (u, v) +N (u, v)/H (u, v)
Where, however, the N (u, v) is usually unknown.
Sometimes, because of the fraction, we have to face
the problem that the degradation function has zero or
very small values. One way to solve the problem is to
limit the filter frequencies to values near the origin
which is usually nonzero. Thus, the probability of
encountering zero values will be reduced. In this
experiment, we will center the Fourier transform of
original image, as well as the degradation function.
The centered function is,
H (u, v) =

Restoration of Blurred Images using Wiener Filtering

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International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And Data Communication, ISSN: 2320-2084 Volume-5, Issue-8, Aug.-2017
http://iraj.in
Where M and N are the size of the matrix.
IV. WEINER FILTERING

The inverse filtering is a restoration technique for

deconvolution, i.e., when the image is blurred by a V. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
known low pass filter, it is possible to recover the
In this paper, we produce atmospheric turbulence
image by inverse filtering or generalized inverse
model to degrade images and restore using wiener
filtering. However, inverse filtering is very sensitive
filtering. We take the degraded image with
to additive noise. The Wiener filtering executes an
atmospheric turbulence model, Kis set to 0.0025, and
optimal tradeoff between inverse filtering and noise
the sigma of added noise is 0.005, as shown in figures
smoothing. It removes the additive noise and inverts
3-5.
the blurring simultaneously [7-8].
From the results, radius near 90 may produce best
The Wiener filtering is optimal in terms of the mean
result for inverse filtering. However, there still has
square error. In other words, it minimizes the overall
some visible noise in it. The bottom one is produced
mean square error in the process of inverse filtering
by wiener filter, comparing with inverse filtering.We
and noise smoothing. The Wiener filtering is a linear
see the noise seems to be less than other images and
estimation of the original image.
more smoothed. Because the added noise is Gaussian
Wiener filtering, also called minimum mean square
white noise, we estimate the value of K by 1/SNR,
error filtering [1-2] is founded on considering images
and 1/SNR is calculated by,
and noise as random variables. The objection function
between original clear image f and degraded image
and de f~ is,

Where {.} is the mean statistical characteristics of the

argument. The pre-condition of this function is that
the noise and image are uncorrelated. Based on that,
the recovery image in frequency domain is,
Where
K = Sn (u, v)/Sf (u, v), and
Furthermore, we adopt Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio
(PSNR) as a criterion to measure the performance of
this experiment, as indicated in Table1.Even we say
that inverse filtering brings some visible noise for
recovered image, the value of PSNR seems to be
lower than the one of the image we feel more
comfortable.
CONCLUSION

Discussed on atmospheric turbulence degradation

is the complex conjugate of H (u, v).
if Sn (u, v) =0, which means there is no noise, it is
easy to say that wiener filtering is actually inverse
filtering. A simplification of the above equation is to
use a constant k to denote the ratio Sn (u, v)/Sf (u, v),
and the formula is
model. Then, inverse filtering and minimum mean
square error i.e., wiener filtering will be discussed
and implemented to restore the blurring
images.Adopted Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio as a
criterion to measure the performance of this
experiment. The value of PSNR seems to be lower
than the one of the image we feel more comfortable
with wiener filter.

Restoration of Blurred Images using Wiener Filtering

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International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And Data Communication, ISSN: 2320-2084 Volume-5, Issue-8, Aug.-2017
http://iraj.in

Figure 1. Original image (top left), Frequency domain coefficients (top right), Atmospheric turbulence frequency model = 0.0025 k
(bottom left), Atmospheric turbulence frequency model = 0.025 k (bottom right).

Figure 2. Blurring frequency domain coefficients and spatial images, especially, according to the value k.

Restoration of Blurred Images using Wiener Filtering

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International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And Data Communication, ISSN: 2320-2084 Volume-5, Issue-8, Aug.-2017
http://iraj.in

Figure 3. Degraded image (top left), Fourier coefficients (top right), Blurring frequency domain coefficients (bottom).

Figure 4. Result of Full filter (top left), Result of with cut off outside a radius of 30 (top right), Result of with cut off outside a radius
of 60 (bottom left), Result of with cut off outside a radius of 90 (bottom right).

Figure 5. Result of wiener filter

Restoration of Blurred Images using Wiener Filtering

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International Journal Of Electrical, Electronics And Data Communication, ISSN: 2320-2084 Volume-5, Issue-8, Aug.-2017
http://iraj.in
Radius= 30 Radius= 60
full filter Radius= 90 wiener filter
13.5829 3.2638 3.2026 3.6374 3.7191
PSNR(dB)
Table 1. Peak Signal-to-Noise Ratio of this experiment

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