Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For moreawesome GCSE and A level resources, Visi us af www savemvexams co uk Membrane Question Paper 1 Level International A Level Subject Biology Exam Board Edexcel Topic Membranes, Proteins, DNA and Gene expression ‘Sub-Topic Membrane Booklet Question paper 1 Time Allowed: 62 minutes Score: 1s. Percentage: /100 Grade Boundaries: a a B c D E U >85% 775% 70% 62.5% 57.5% 45% <45%Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and Aleve resources, vis us at wwwsavemvexamsco uk! 1 One function of the cell membrane is to control which molecules can enter or leave the cell. ‘The diagram below represents the structure of the cell membrane. Glycoprotein, PLR MRR DeRRROR mass WLU I SQLS Protein Cholesterol {a) Put a cross & in the box that completes each of the following statements. {) In phospholipids, the fatty acid tails are 1 A non-polar and hydrophilic 1 B non-polar and hydrophobic 1D © polar and hydrophilic OD polar and hydrophobic (i) In phospholipids, the fatty acid tails are formed from A carbon and hydrogen only OB carbononly 1 € hydrogen only 1D carbon, hydrogen and oxygen In phospholipids, each fatty acid is joined to glycerol by an ester bond a glycosidic bond a peptide bond Hboaaa on wD a phosphodiester bondSave My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visi us at ww savemvexamsco uk! (b) Cholesterol is a component of the cell membrane. The graph below shows the effect of cholesterol to phospholipid ratio on membrane fluidity. @ 15 14 13 12 Ww 10 09 Membrane fluidity / au 08 07 06 0s 03 08 13 18 Ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid Describe the relationship between the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid and membrane fluidity. Calculate the percentage change in membrane fluidity when the ratio of cholesterol to phospholipid increases from 0.4 to 0.8 Show your working.Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and Aleve resources visi us a wnwsnvempexams.co uk, (ii) Suggest how cholesterol affects membrane fluidity. (2) (©) The concentration of potassium ions in red blood cells is higher than the concentration in blood plasma. Explain how this difference in potassium ion concentration is maintained. (2) (d) Red blood cells swell and burst if placed in water. Explain why this happens. (3) (Total for Question 1 = 13 marks)Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and Aleve resources visi us a ww snvemexams.co uk, 2. Cell membranes contain a bilayer of phospholipid molecules. (a) Explain how phospholipid molecules form a bilayer. (3) (b) The fluid mosaic model can be used to explain the properties of a cell membrane. Explain what is meant by the term fluid mosaic. (2)Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and Aleve resources visi us a ww snvemexams.co uk, (©) A student carried out an experiment to investigate the effect of alcohol on the permeability of beetroot cell membranes. Beetroot cells contain a red pigment One cube of beetroot was placed in a tube containing 5 cm? of water and left for 30 minutes. After 30 minutes the cube of beetroot was removed and the intensity of the colour of the liquid was measured using a colorimeter. A colorimeter is an instrument that can be used to measure the intensity of the colour of a liquid The procedure was repeated using four different concentrations of alcohol instead of water. The results are shown in the table below. Concentration of Intensity of colour alcohol (%) J arbitrary units 0 0.03 10 0.03 20 0.33 30 0.65 40 0.90 ()_ Using the information in the table, describe the effect of alcohol on the permeability of beetroot cell membranes. (2)Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources visi us at wwsinvempexams.co uk, (ii) The temperature of the solutions and the size of the beetroot cubes should be controlled in this investigation. Explain how each of the following would affect the results of this investigation. (4) An increase in temperature A decrease in size of the beetroot cube (Total for Question 2 = 11 marks)Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and Aleve resources, visi us a ww sinvemexams.co uk, 3. Smoking cigarettes increases the risk of developing lung cancer. The graph below shows the relative risk of developing lung cancer in people who have smoked for different numbers of years. The relative risk is how many times more likely a person is of developing lung cancer than a non-smoker. 457 404 354 30+ Key C Less than 10 cigarettes per day DF 10-19 cigarettes per day BB 20 or more cigarettes per day 254 20 Relative risk 15 10 tia cil 0 Less than 20 20-29 30-39 40-49. S0ormore Years of smoking (2) Using the information in the graph, describe the effect that smoking has on the relative risk of developing lung cancer. (2)Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision Formore awesome GCSE and A level resources vst us at ww savemnwxams cou! (b) Ithas been reported that the relative risk of developing lung cancer is doubled if a person has a close family member who has developed lung cancer. Explain what this suggests about the causes of lung cancer. (©) Identical twins can provide evidence for the relative effects of the factors that affect a phenotype. Identical twins develop from one fertilised egg le evidence for the relative (i) Explain why studies of identical twins can pro\ effects of the factors that affect a phenotype.Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and Aleve resources, visi us a wwsnvempexams.co uk, (i) Non-identical twins are produced from the fertilisation of two eggs. Concordance is the probability that each twin will have the same characteristic if it is present in one of the twins. ‘The table below shows the concordance of lung cancer in identical and non-identical twins. , Concordance of Type of twin lung cancer (%) Identical 20 Non-identical " Using information in the table, comment on the relative contributions of genotype and the environment to the probability of developing lung cancer. (Total for Question 3 (4) marks)Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and Aleve resources, visi us a wwsnvemexams.co uk, 4 Insulin is a protein produced by beta cells in the pancreas. Insulin is synthesised on ribosomes, then modified and packaged in vesicles. It is stored in these vesicles until itis secreted, The diagram below shows the organelles involved in this process of modifying and packaging the insulin in vesicles. cell surface mertrane— vesicle containing oe insulin @ TER @ *(a) Using the information in the diagram, describe how insulin is modified, packaged and secreted by the cell (4)Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and Aleve resources, visi us a war savempexams.co uk, (b) Type 1 diabetes occurs when beta cells in the pancreas do not produce insulin Stem cells produced from skin cells can be used to replace these beta cells in mice. The skin cells can be stimulated to become pluripotent stem cells. (i) Place a cross Blin the box next to the correct definition to complete the following statement, Pluripotent stem cells are 1 A specialised cells that can differentiate to give rise to almost any type of cell in the body, including totipotent cells 1 _B specialised cells that can differentiate to give rise to any type of cell in the body, excluding totipotent cells 1 C_unspecialised cells that can differentiate to give rise to almost any type of, cell in the body, excluding totipotent cells, 1 D_unspecialised cells that can differentiate to give rise to any type of cell in the body, including totipotent cells {ii) The pluripotent stem cells were injected into the mice. After eight weeks, these cells had developed into insulin-secreting beta cells. Describe how these pluripotent stem cells became specialised beta cells. (Total for Question 4 = 9 marks)Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and A level resources, visi us at ww sovemvexamsco uk! 5 The cell vacuoles of beetroot (Beta vulgaris) contain the red pigment betalain. A student investigated the effect of ethanol on the permeability of beetroot cell membranes. In this investigation, 10 identical pieces were cut from one beetroot. One piece of beetroot was left in 10 cm? of 30% ethanol for 20 minutes at 20 °C. After 20 minutes, the piece of beetroot was removed and the intensity of the colour of the ethanol solution was measured using a colorimeter. This was repeated with other pieces of beetroot that were left in ethanol concentrations of 0%, 50%, 70% and 100%, at 20 °C. The student repeated this investigation with the other five pieces of beetroot at the same temperature of 20°C. The graph below shows the results of these investigations. 08 07 06 0s Se Test 1 04 +E Test 2 03 solution / AU 02 Intensity of colour in ethanol 01 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 Ethanol concentration (%) (a) Using the information in the graph, describe the effect of ethanol concentration on the intensity of colour.Save My Exams! - The Home of Revision For more awesome GCSE and Aleve resources, visi us a ww srvempexams.co uk, (b) Using the information in the graph and your knowledge of membrane structure, explain the effect of ethanol on the permeability of beetroot cell membranes. (4) (©) Suggest why the results for these two investigations are different. (2) (Total for Question 5 = 9 marks)