REVIEWER SA Kontemporaryo

Mga Isyu sa Karapatang Pantao

Karapatang Likas o Natural
• Ang bawat tao ay may karapatang mabuhay. Ang karapatang ito ay likas at
wagas para sa lahat.
Karapatang Likas o • Halimbawa: Mabuhay ng puspos, magkaroon ng sariling pangalan, identidad
Natural o pagkakakilanlan at dignidad, ang paunlarin ang iba’t ibang aspekto ng
pagiging tao gaya ng pisikal, mental, at espirituwal.
• Ito ang mga karapatang panloob at pinangangalagaan o binigyang
a) Constitutional proteksiyon ng konstitusyon ng bansa. Maaaring baguhin, dagdagan, o alisan
Rights ang mga iti sa pamamagitan ng mga susog sa konstitusyon.
• Ito ang ang mga karapatan kaloob ng batas na pinagtibay ng kongreso o
tagabatas.
b) Statutory Rights • Halimbawa: Ang karapatan tumanggap nang naaayon sa pinakamababang
sahod, karapatang magmana ng mga pag-aari at karapatang makapag-aral
nang libre.
Kategorya ng Karapatang Ayon sa Batas
• Nakapaloob dito ang karapatang magkaroon ng matiwasay at tahimik na
1) Karapatang Sibil o pamumuhay, kalayaan sa pagsasalita, pag-iisip, pa-oorginasa, pamamahayag,
Panlipunan malayang pagtitipon, pagpili ng lugar na titirahan at karapatan laban sa
(Civil Liberties o Rights) diskriminasyon. Kabilang din dito ay ang maging malaya at makapaglakbay.
• Kinakatawan nito ang karapan na makilahok sa pagtatakda at pagdedesisyon
sa pamumuno at prosesong pamamahala sa bansa gaya ng pagboto,
2)Karapatang Pampolitika pagkanditato sa eleksiyon, pagwewelga bilang bahagi ng pagrereklamo sa
gobyerno at pagiging kasapi ng anumang pastidong politikal.
• Nagpapatungkol ito sa mga karapatan sa pagpili, parpursige, at pagsusulong
3)Karapatang Pang- ng kabuhayan, negosyo, hanapbuhay, at disenteng pamumuhay nang ayon sa
ekonomiya o nais, nakahiligan, at nagustuhang karera. Naglalaman ito ng karapatan na
Pangkabuhayan magkaroon ng ari-arian sa anumang nais basta’t ang mga ito ay naayon sa
batas.
• Nakapaloobdito ang karapatan na makibahagi at lumahok sa pagsasabuhay,
pagpapatuloy, at pagpapalawakng sariling tradisyon, gawi, at pag-uugali,
4)Karapatang Pangkultura Karapatan ng tao na ipakita sa iba ang katangian ng kinalakihang kultura
bilang bahagi ng isang grupo, tribo, o lahi na iniingatan ang mga tradisyong
nakagawian hangga’t ang mga ito ay sakop sa sanligang batas.
• Pingangalagaan nito ang mga taoong akusado o nasasakdal sa anumag
5) Mga Karapatan ng paglapag sa batas. Ang ilan sa mga ito ay ang karapatan sa pagpapalagay na
Akusado/Nasakdal siya ay walang sala hangga’t hindi napapatunayab ang kasalanan at may
(Rights of Acused) karapatan laban sa di- makataong parusa.

Bill of Rights (Article 3) Section 1: Right to life, liberty, and property & you
should not be depriving of your life, liberty, and
property
Section 2: Right against unreasonable searches and
seizures
Section 3: (1) Every person has the right to keep his
communication or correspondence a secret. (2)
Everything stated on the law cannot be used on the
court as evidence.
Section 4: Freedom of Speech. Right to a Free
Press; Freedom of Assembly; the Right of Petition
Section 5: Freedom of Religion
Section 6: The liberty of abode & the right to
travel.
Section 7: The right to information.
Section 8: Right to form associations.
Section 9: The Right to Just Compensation.
Section 10: Non-Impairment Clause.
Section 11: Free Access to Court
Section 12: Right of Person under Custodial
Investigation
Section 13: The Right to Bail & against Excessive
Bail
Section 14: Rights of the Accused • Right to Due
Process of Law in Criminal Cases • Innocent until
Proven Guilty • The Right to Confront One’s
Accuser • Basis for Trials in Absentia.
Section 15: Writ of Habeas Corpus
Section 16: Right to Speedy Disposition of Cases.
Section 17: Right against self- incrimination
Section 18: The Right to political beliefs and
aspirations.
Section 19: The prohibition against cruel,
degrading or inhuman punishment
Section 20: Non- Imprisonment for debts
Section 21: Right against double jeopardy
Section 22: Ex post facto law and bill of attainder
Universal Declaration of Human Rights
Article 1: (Born Equally) When children are born,
they are free and each should be treated in the same
way. They have reason and conscience and should
act towards one another in a friendly manner.
Article 2: (No Discrimination) Everyone can claim
the following rights, despite: a different sex, a
different skin color, speaking a different language,
thinking different things, believing in another
religion, owning more or less, being born in another
social group, and coming from another country.
It also makes no difference whether the country you
live in is independent or not.
Article 3: You have the (Right to Live), and to live
in freedom and safety.
Article 4: (No Slavery) Nobody has the right to
treat you as his or her slave and you should not
make anyone your slave.
Article 5: Nobody has the right to (Torture) you.
Article 6: You should be (Legally protected in the
Same Way) everywhere, and like everyone else.
Article 7: The law is the same for everyone; it
should be applied in the same way to all.
Article 8: You should be able to ask for legal help
when the rights your country grants you are not
respected.
Article 9: (No imprisonment) Nobody has the
right to put you in prison, to keep you there, or to
send you away from your country unjustly, or
without a good reason.
Article 10: If you must go on trial this should be
done in public. The people who try you should not
let themselves be influenced by others.
Article 11: (1) You should be considered innocent
until it can be proved that you are guilty. If you are
accused of a crime, you should always have the
right to defend yourself. (2) Nobody has the right to
condemn you and punish you for something you
have not done.
Article 12: You have the right to ask to be
protected if someone tries to harm your good name,
enter your house, open your letters, or bother you or
your family without a good reason.
Article 13: (1) You have the right to come and go
as you wish within your country. (2) You have the
right to leave your country to go to another one; and
you should be able to return to your country if you
want.
Article 14: (1) If someone hurts you, you have the
right to go to another country and ask it to protect
you. (2) You lose this right if you have killed
someone and if you yourself do not respect what is
written here.
Article 15: You have the right to belong to a
country and (2) nobody can prevent you, without a
good reason, from belonging to another country if
you wish.
Article 16: (1) As soon as a person is legally
entitled, he or she has the right to marry and have a
family. (2) Nobody should force a person to marry.
The Government of your country should protect
your family and its members.
Article 17: (1) You have the right to own things
and (2) nobody has the right to take these from you
without a good reason.
Article 18: (Religion) You have the right to profess
your religion freely, to change it, and to practice it
either on your own or with other people.
Article 19: You have the right to think what you
want, and to say what you like, and nobody should
forbid you from doing so. You should be able to
share your ideas – also with people from any other
country.
Article 20: (1) You have the right to organize
peaceful meetings or to take part in meetings in a
peaceful way. (2) It is wrong to force someone to
belong to a group.
Article 21: (1) You have the right to take part in
your country’s political affairs either by belonging
to the Government yourself of by choosing
politicians who have the same ideas as you. (2) You
also have the same right to join the public service as
anyone else. (3) (Right to vote)
Article 22: The society in which you live should
help you to develop and to make the most of all the
advantages (culture, work, social welfare) that are
offered to you and to all the men and women in
your country.
Article 23: (1) Right to Choose Job (2) Right
Wage or Salary (3) (Right Pay) get a salary that
allows you to live and support your family. (4)
(Trade Union) right to join together to defend their
interests.
Article 24: Right to Rest and should be able to
take regular paid holidays.
Article 25: (1) Right to have whatever you need
(2) All children have the same rights, whether or not
the mother is married.
Article 26: (1) Right to go to school and everyone
should go to school. Primary schooling should be
free. (2) (Developing Talents) At school, able to
develop all your talents and should be taught to get
on with others, whatever their race, their religion or
the country they come from. (3) Parents have the
right to choose how and what you will be taught at
school.
Article 27: (1) right to share in your community’s
arts and sciences, and in any good they do. (2) Your
works as an artist, a writer or a scientist should be
protected.
Article 28: To make sure that your rights will be
respected, there must be an “order” that can protect
them. This “order” should be local and worldwide.
Article 29: (1) You have duties towards the
community within which your personality can fully
develop. (2) It should allow everyone to respect
others and to be respected. (3) The freedom given
by the law should be use on good terms only.
Article 30: No society and no human being in any
part of the world should act in such a way as to
destroy the rights that you have just been reading
about.
Children Rights
Article 1: Definition of a child
Article 2: Non-discrimination
Article 3: Best interests of the child
Article 4: Implementation of rights
Article 5: Parental guidance and the child’s
evolving capacities
Article 6: Survival and development
Article 7: Birth Registration, Name, Nationality,
Care
Article 8: Protection and Preservation of identity
Article 9: Separation from parents
Article 10: Family reunification
Article 11: Abduction and non-return of
children
Article 12: (Respect Views of the Child) The
child’s opinion
Article 13: Freedom of expression
Article 14: Freedom of thought, Belief, and
religion
Karapatan ng mga katutubo
Article 1: Karapatang matamasa bilang kolektibo o
indibidwal ang lahat ng karapatang pantao at
Kalayaan na kilala sa Charter of United Nations,
Universal Declaration of Human Rights.
Article 2: Karapatang pantay na pagtingin at
Malaya sa anumang diskrminasyon sa pagsasagawa
ng kanilang mga karapatan, pinagmulan, at
pagkakakilanlan.
Article 3: Karapatan sa Pagpapasya. Pagtakda ng
kanilang estadong pampolitika at pagpapaunlad ng
kanilang ekonomiya, panlipunan, at pangkultura.
Article 4: Karapatan sa awtomiya o sariling
pammamahala sa mga bagay hinggil sa kanilang
panloob at local na usapin.
Article 5: Karapatan na panatilihin at palakasin
ang kanilang natatanging institusyong legal,
pampolitika, pang-ekonomiya, panlipunan, at
pankultura.
Article 6: Karapatan sa nasyonalidad
Article 7: (1) Karapatan mabuhay, karangalan
pisikal at mental, Kalayaan at katiyagang pansarili.
(2) Mamuhay ng tahimik at ligtas bilang mga
natatanging tao sa anumang pag-iipol o marahas na
hakbang.
Article 8: (1) Karapatan na hindi maisailalim sa
sapilitang asimilisasyon o pagkasira ng kanilang
kultura. (2) Ang nasyon ay kailangang magbigay ng
mabisang paraan upang mapigilan ang sumusunod:
(a) Integridad (b) Yaman (c) Sapilitang Paglikas (d)
Asimilisasyon (e) Propaganda.
Article 9: Karapan na hindi mapabilang sa isang
katutubong kumunidad na naaayon sa tradisyon at
kaugalian ng kanilang kinauukulan.
SEX O SEKSUWALIDAD – tumutukoy sa natural
o biyolohikal na katangian bilang lalaki o babae.
GENDER O KASARIAN – tumutukoy sa isang
aspektong kultural na natutuhan hinggil sa
seksuwalidad. Ang mga ideya natin tungkol sa
kasarian ay ating natututuhan mula sa lipunang
ating kinabibilangan at ginagalawan.
ORYENTSYONG SEKSUWALIDAD (SEXUAL
ORIENTATION) - tumutukoy sa pisikal at
emosyonal na atraksiyon na nararamdaman ng isang
indibidwal para pa sa isa pang indibitwal para sa isa
pang indibidwal.
PAGKAKAKILANLANG PANGKASARIAN
(GENDER IDENTITY) - nararamdaman o
pinaniniwalaang kasarian ng isang tao, maging
akma o hindi sa kanyang seksuwalidad.
ANG PAGIGING ISANG HOMOSEKSUWAL
Sa Pilipinas, ang terminong “paglaladlad” ay
tumutukoy sap ag papahayag ng isang indibidwal
ng kanyang oryentasyong seksuwal.
TATLONG YUGTO SA PAG LALADLAD
Unang yugto
“Pag-alam sa Sarili” Pagtanggap at pagiging bukas
sa atraksiyon sa katulat na kasarian.
Ikalawang yugto
“Pag-amin sa ibang tao” Pagsabi sa kapamilya,
kaibigan, o katrabaho ng pagiging isang
homoseksuwal
Ikatlong yugto
“pag-amin sa lipunan”Pamumuhay ng bukas bilang
isang LGBT.
LGBT- Lesbian, Gay. Bisexual at Transgender.
Homoseksuwal (bakla at tomboy) at ang
Hemisphere ng utak nila ay higit na Malaki kaysa sa
kaliwa.