regions1.

The middle and upper classes and the modern educated Indians also did not
support the revolt as they falsely believed that the English rule was essential for
modernsing India. They were also alarmed by the rebel's appeals to superstitions and
their staunch opposition to progressive social measures

POOR EQUIPMENT:
The Indian soldiers were poorly equipped materially, fighting generally with swords and
spears and very few guns and muskets. On the other hand, the European soldiers were
equipped with the latest weapons of war like the Enfield rifle. The electric telegraph kept
the commander-in-chief informed about the movements and strategy of the rebels.

LACK OF ALTERNATIVE PLAN:

The rebels had no alternative to British administration. This point has been highlighted
by Bipin Chandra. According to him "It lacked a forward-looking programme, coherent
ideology, a political perspective or a vision of the future society and economy".
Moreover the also mutineers lacked a clear understanding of colonial rule.

1
Lawrence James The Rise & Fall of the British Empire (London 1998) p. 231