robotic crawler

Visual Inspection
A visual inspection is the primary inspection method for inservice inspections.
Damage in composite (making the damage visible.)
scorch รอยไหม ้รุนแรง(เกรียม) stain รอยด่าง
dent รอยบุบสลาย penetrate รอยแทรกซม ึ abrade รอยครูด
chip the composite surface รอยแหว่งของผิวหน ้าคอมโพสต ิ
Damage in Resin
Resin starvation, resin richness รอยเกิน และรอยขาดไปของเรซน ิ
wrinkles รอยย่น ื่ มต่อระหว่างชน
ply bridging รอยเชอ ั้
discoloration (due to overheating, lightning strike etc.) รอยสต ี ก สเี ปลีย่ น
impact damage by any cause รอยกระแทกในทุกสาเหตุ
foreign matter(สารแปลกปลอม), blisters(ฟองอากาศบนชน ั ้ ผิว), and
disbonding(การไม่ประสานกัน) are some of the discrepancies(ความแตกต่าง
กัน) (ในสว่ นทีค่ วรต ้องเหมือนกัน) that can be detected with a visual inspection
Visual inspection cannot find internal flaws in the composite,
such as delaminations, disbonds, and matrix crazing.
การตรวจสอบด้วยสายตามีจุดอ่อนทีไ่ ท่สามารถตรวจค้นข้อบกพร่องภายในเนือ้ งานของวัสดุ

Once damage is detected, the affected area needs to be

inspected closer using…. flashlights, magnifying glasses, mirrors,
microscopes (opticals & electron) and borescopes(fiber optic &CCTV).
These tools are used to magnify defects that otherwise might not
be seen easily and to allow visual inspection of areas that are not
readily accessible.
 Audible Sonic Testing (Coin Tapping)
Sometimes referred to as audio, sonic, or coin tap, this technique makes use of
frequencies in the audible range (10 Hz to 20 Hz). A surprisingly accurate method in
the hands of experienced personnel, tap testing is perhaps the most common
technique used for the detection of delamination and/or disbond. The method is
accomplished by tapping the inspection area with a solid round disk or lightweight
hammer-like device and listening to the response of the structure to the hammer.

A clear, sharp, ringing sound is indicative of a well-bonded solid structure,

while a dull or thud-like sound(เสยี งทีเ่ ปลีย่ นไป) indicates a discrepant area(พืน้ ที่ ทีไ่ ม่ประสานกัน).
Automated Tap Test

Audible Sonic Testing

(Coin Tapping)
 Tap testing is effective on thin skin to stiffener bondlines,
honeycomb sandwich with thin face sheets, or even near the
surface of thick laminates, such as rotorcraft blade supports
This inspection should be accomplished in as quiet an area as
possible and by experienced personnel familiar with the part’s
internal configuration
This method is not reliable for structures with more than four plies

Automated Tap Test

A solenoid is used instead of a hammer.
The tip of the impactor has a transducer that
records the force versus time signal of the impactor
Signal from an unflawed region is used for calibration,
and any deviation from this unflawed signal indicates the existence of damage
Borescope Testing
In gas turbine inspections, borescope devices are used
to non destructively inspect all kinds of industrial systems
and equipment, including:
•Manufactured or machined parts
•Internal composition engines
•Pipes
•Cast parts
•Foreign object retrieval
•Heat exchanger tubes
•Welds
•Gear boxes
•Security and law enforcement contraband
Borescope
In
gas turbine
inspections
 Borescope

A Borescope can consist of

•Rigid or flexible working length
•Light Source to illuminate the target under inspection.
•Optical system that may consist of a relay lens system, rod
lens system, fiber optic image guide a CCD or CMOS camera.
•Eyepiece or Monitor to view the image
 Borescope
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