Module 1:

Optimizing Converged
Cisco Networks (ONT)

The Evolution of Telephony in the Enterprise

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives

ƒ Describe the history of the telephone services industry

and its affect on modern business practices.
ƒ Identify the components of the traditional telephone
system.
ƒ Describe traditional POTS service.
ƒ Describe ISDN & T1 services
services.
ƒ Explain the drivers of converged networks.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Objectives

ƒ Explain the Cisco conceptual network models, such as

Cisco Enterprise Architecture and Cisco hierarchical
network model.
ƒ Describe the traffic conditions in a converged network.
ƒ Describe the IIN and the SONA framework.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Basic Telephone System

ƒ A telephone system has four elements:

A telephone set to convert sound to electrical signals and back
to sound
One or more central switching facilities
Connections to the central switching facilities
Connections among multiple switching centers across
telephone networks
ƒ Subscribers connect to the telephone network using:
Dedicated wire connections in overhead or underground cables
R di waves ((cellular,
Radio ll l satellite,
t llit or radiotelephone)
di t l h )
VoIP

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Basic Components
p of a Modern Telephone
p
System
Long Distance and
International Connections
IP
Central Office
with Switches

Fiber

Local
Loop

POTS and
ADSL

Home Office with Cellular Phone

Corporate VPN System
including VoIP

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Traditional POTS Services

ƒ PSTN or PTT (POTS) has remained practically

unchanged for over 100 years offering:
Bi-directional, or full duplex, voice path to carry sound both
ways at once
Dial tone and ringing signals
Subscriber dialing
Operator services,
services such as directory assistance,
assistance long distance
distance,
and conference calling assistance
Power

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

ISDN and T1 Services

ƒ ISDN: A set of standards that allow data and voice to

be carried on copper wire from the telephone exchange
to customer premises:
BRI: 2 B-channels and 1 D-channel for control
PRI 23 B
PRI: B-channels
h l (30 in
i Europe)
E ) and
d1D
D-channel
h l ffor control
t l

ƒ T1 Carrier System: Specification for digital transmission

b t
between ttelephone
l h exchanges
h andd sometimes
ti di
directly
tl
to customer premises. T1 uses copper wire or fiber.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Digital Telephone Services
ƒ Digital Telephone Services include:
Voice mail
Caller ID
Call waiting
Reminder calls
(Three-way) conference calling
Enhanced 911 (in North America)
Centrex
A number of other similar services

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

PBX and Centrex
ƒ Centrex (a virtual PBX):
Call Transfer
C ll Di
Call Divertt – on no reply
l andd on b
busy calls
ll
Call Waiting
Three-Party
Three Party Conference
Call Pick Up (Group)
Ring Back
Reminder or Alarm Call Typical Centrex telephone. Note the
Recall button and the Message
Last Number Redial Waiting lamp.

C t
Centrex Hotline
H tli ((non-dialed
di l d connection)
ti )
Centrex Warm Line (delayed Hotline)
Centrex Hunt Groups, with optional bypass numbers

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Long-Distance Calling Challenges
May I have a line
to Chicago?

Is this a
business call?

PSTN
Y it is.
Yes i

Thank you.
you One
second please.
Chicago Office

PBX

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Long-Distance and WATS

ƒ Long-distance trunk lines connect telephone

exchanges.
g
ƒ Long-distance services include:
OUT-WATS: Flat-rate long-distance calling
IN-WATS: Toll-free calling using 1-8xx numbers

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

 Separate Voice, Video, and Data Networks

ƒ London
ƒ San Jose Office
Office
PBX
PBX

ƒ Tokyo
Office

PBX

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Converged Voice, Video, and Data Network

PSTN

IP WAN

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Self Check

1. What are the 2 levels of ISDN service?

2 What is a Centrex?
2.
3. What is a WATS-type plan?
4. What options are available in WATS plans?

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Optimizing Converged
Cisco Networks (ONT)

Describing
g Converged
g Network Requirements
q

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Traditional Hierarchical Model

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco Enterprise Architecture

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Campus Architecture

Campusp Architecture combines a core infrastructure

of intelligent switching and routing including:
ƒ IP Communications
ƒ mobility
ƒ advanced security

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Data Center Architecture

The Data Center is a cohesive, adaptive network

architecture supporting:
ƒ requirements for consolidation
ƒ business continuance
ƒ security
it
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Branch Architecture

The Branch allows enterprises to extend head-office

head office
applications and services including:
ƒ security
ƒ IP communications
ƒ advanced
d d application
li ti performance
f supporting
ti
thousands of remote locations/users
© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Teleworker Architecture

ƒ Teleworker architecture allows enterprises to securely

deliver voice and data services to remote, small or
home offices.
–Integrated security
–Identity-based networking services

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

WAN Architecture

ƒ WAN architecture offers the convergence of voice

voice,
video and data services over a single IP
communications network.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Example: Enterprise Network

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Network Traffic Mix and Requirements
ƒ Converged network traffic mix:
Voice and video traffic
pp
Voice applications traffic
Mission-critical applications traffic
Transactional traffic
Routing update traffic
Network management traffic
Bulk transfer (best-effort)
(best effort) and scavenger (less-than-best-effort)
(less than best effort)
traffic
ƒ Key
y requirements:
q
Performance (bandwidth, delay, and jitter)
Security (access and transmission)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Example:
p Integrated
g Services in a Converged
g
Network

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Intelligent Information Network (IIN)

ƒ IIN integrates networked resources and information

assets.
ƒ IIN extends intelligence across multiple products and
infrastructure layers.
ƒ IIN actively participates in the delivery of services and
applications. (making the network “application aware”)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Phases of IIN

ƒ Three phases in building an IIN are:

Integrate transport (network convergence)

Integrate services (shared resources)

Integrate applications (making the network “application aware”)

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco SONA Framework
ƒ Cisco SONA is an architectural
architect ral framework.
frame ork
(SONA: Service-Oriented Network Architecture, describe how to
build a IIN: Intelligent Information Network)

ƒ Cisco SONA brings several advantages to enterprises:

Outlines how enterprises can evolve toward the IIN
Illustrates how to build integrated systems across a fully
converged intelligent network
Improves flexibility and increases efficiency

ƒ Cisco p
provides an extensive p product line,, services,,
proven architectures, and experience to help the
enterprises achieve their business goals. (close gaps
b t
between the
th resources and d applications)
li ti )

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Cisco SONA Layers

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

SONA—Networked Infrastructure Layer

ƒ The goal is “anywhere/anytime connectivity.”

connectivity ”

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

SONA—Interactive Services Layer

Interactive services includes:

ƒ voice and collaboration ƒ application networking services
services
ƒ network infrastructure
ƒ mobility services virtualization
ƒ security
it and
d id
identity
tit services
i ƒ services
i managementt
ƒ storage services ƒ adaptive management services
ƒ computer services

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

SONA—Application Layer

Application Layer includes:

ƒ business applications
ƒ collaboration applications

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Self Check

1. What are the 3 building blocks of the hierarchical

model?
2. Describe the special needs of voice and video traffic.
3 What types of traffic could be considered best-effort
3.
and less-than-best-effort?
4 What is AON?
4.
5. What are the 3 layers of SONA?

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Q and A

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary
ƒ Companies have used telephone services for over 100
years as a part of their business practices.
ƒ Changing technology and changing enterprise needs
have influenced changes in telephony services.
ƒ The increasing use of IP transport for data
data, voice and
video has lead to the need for converged networks.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Summary
ƒ The traditional three
three-layer
layer hierarchical model no longer
completely meets the needs of large converged
networks carrying voice, video, and data. IIN aligns IT
resources with
ith b
business
i priorities.
i iti
ƒ Cisco Enterprise Architecture and SONA provide a
framework for deploying converged networks
networks.
ƒ Dealing with complex traffic mixes is a key feature of
Cisco Enterprise Architecture
Architecture. The Service layer of
SONA addresses the performance and security
requirements of converged networks.
ƒ IIN aligns IT resources with business priorities.
ƒ Cisco SONA p
provides an evolutionary
yppath to IIN.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Resources

ƒ Wikipedia Telephone Exchange article

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telephone_exchange

ƒ Cisco IP Telephones on Converged Network Enable

Rapid
p Emergency
g y Response
p
http://newsroom.cisco.com/dlls/partners/success_stories/2001/p
ss_10-10.html

ƒ Making the Business Case for Unified Communications

http://www.cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns340/ns394/ns165/network
i
ing_solutions_audience_business_benefit0900aecd80472efb.ht
l ti di b i b fit0900 d80472 fb ht
ml

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

Resources

ƒ Business Overview of Cisco SONA

http://cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns340/ns394/ns431/networking_s
olutions_white_paper0900aecd803efff3.shtml

ƒ What is IIN?
http://cisco.com/en/US/netsol/ns650/networking_solutions_mark
et_segment_solution.html

ƒ Enterprise Architectures Poster

http://cisco.com/application/pdf/en/us/guest/netsol/ns477/c643/c
dccont 0900aecd802843ce pdf
dccont_0900aecd802843ce.pdf

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.

© 2006 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.