JAHN-TELLER

The Jahn–Teller effect (JT effect or JTE) is an important mechanism of spontaneous symmetry breaking
in molecular and solid-state systems which has far-reaching consequences in different fields, and is
responsible for a variety of phenomena in spectroscopy, stereochemistry, crystal chemistry, molecular
and solid-state physics, and materials science. The effect is named for Hermann Arthur Jahn and Edward
Teller, who first reported studies about it in 1937.

In 1937, Hermann Jahn and Edward Teller postulated a theorem stating that "stability and degeneracy
are not possible simultaneously unless the molecule is a linear one," in regards to its electronic state.[1]
This leads to a break in degeneracy which stabilizes the molecule and by consequence, reduces its
symmetry. Since 1937, the theorem has been revised which Housecroft and Sharpe have eloquently
phrased as "any non-linear molecular system in a degenerate electronic state will be unstable and will
undergo distortion to form a system of lower symmetry and lower energy, thereby removing the
degeneracy."[2] This is most commonly observed with transition metal octahedral complexes, however,
it can be observed in tetrahedral compounds as well.