How 13 May Event was Resolved

On the 13 May event, a confinement order for 24 hours has been executed by
the government at that time where if there is anyone who opposed or break the rules
will be potentially shot by the authorities. This command has been executed on 14
and 16 May 1969 where it has helped to calm the situation in the country a bit except
in Perak, Malacca, Penang and Singapore because of the large Chinese population.
The Establishment of National Operations Council (NOC)
On that year, Supreme Head of Malaysia, Almarhum Sultan Ismail Nasiruddin
Shah had command National Operations Council (NOC) to be established. The
Director of Operations of NOC was Allahyarham Tun Abdul Razak Hussein. As for
the council members, there was many important person who had joined NOC such
as:
Councils Members
Minister of Home Affairs — Tun Dr Ismail
Minister of Finance — Tun Tan Siew Sin
Minister of Works, Post & Telecoms — Tun Sambanthan
Minister of Information & Broadcasting — Enche Hamzah bin Dato Abu Samah
Director-General of Public Services Department and later Chief Secretary to the
Government - Tan Sri Abdul Kadir Shamsuddin
Chief of Armed Forces Staff — Tunku Osman Jiwa
Inspector-General of Police — Tan Sri Salleh
Permanent Secretary, Ministry of Foreign Affairs — Tan Sri Ghazali bin Shafie
The Chief Executive Officer
Director of Operations, West Malaysia — Lt. Gen. Dato Ibrahim bin Ismail
Assistants
Deputy Secretary, Ministry of Defence — Enche Abdul Rahman Hamidon
Ministry of Defence — Lt. Col. Ghazali bin Che Mat
Royal Malaysia Police — Superintendent Haniff bin Omar
Attorney-General's Office - Enche Yusoff bin Abdul Rashid

NCO was established in order to replace the role of parliament which was
suspended during that emergency and to retain the peace within two months. On
February 1971, NOC has been dissolved and parliament became functional as
usual. During the emergency period, NOC has made a lot of efforts to find the
reason why this emergency was happened and to prevent it from happen again in
the future. One of the actions that taken by NOC is created Rukun Negara to
improve the folk understanding towards state constitution, an idea from Allahyarham
Tan Sri Ghazali. Besides, New Economic Policy (NEP) also been launched to
exterminate racial identification and eradicate poverty among citizens. In order to
make sure all goals can be achieved, a party has been introduced which is Barisan
Nasional (BN) joined by all parties that is competing at that time except for
Democratic Action Party (DAP).
On January 1970, a consultative council was established to discuss about racial
unity named National Consultative Council (NCC) chaired by Allahyarham Tun Abdul
Razak. This council also acts as an advisor to NOC if there is any problem that is
related race relations and integration. On August 31 1970, Rukun Negara also been
implemented to achieve unity among the people regardless of race and religion. The
principles are:
1. Belief in God
2. Loyalty to the King and Country
3. Upholding the Constitution
4. Rule of Law
5. Good Social Behaviour and Morality
After a few weeks after the incident happened, Majlis Muhibbah Negara (MMN) was
established on NOC`s command and chaired by Almarhum Tunku Abdul Rahman.
The purpose of this council was established is to encourage the development of
goodwill among the people and recuperate, cultivate and preserve feelings of mutual
trust among all race. After the parliament has been recovered on February 1971,
MMN has been abolished and replaced by Majlis Perpaduan Negara (MPN).
The New Economic Policy (NEP)
The New Economic Policy (NEP) was a social re-engineering and affirmative action
program formulated by the NOC in the aftermath of 13 May Incident in Malaysia.
This policy was adopted in 1971 for a period of 20 years and it was succeeded by
the National Development Policy (NDP) in 1991. The purpose of NEP is:
1. Eradicating poverty regardless of race where there are a lots of program that
had been conducted such as:-
 provision of drainage infrastructure and subsidy to paddy field workers
to make sure they can carry out paddy planting twice a year.
 promote the use of hybrid seed, including credit and subsidies for
breeding of fish and breeding of farm animals to small gardeners.
 provide boat ownership scheme and fishing gear.
 implement opening new land plan such as FELDA and FELCRA.
 provide facilities such as clinic, school, water and electric supply
school, low-cost houses and job opportunities for low income group.
2. Reorganization of society where government had limiting equity ownership in
business which is 70% Malaysia citizens and 30% equity for Bumiputera.
Government also:-
 raise the income level of the disabled.
  restructuring equity ownership.
 train and develop new entrepreneurs in Bumiputera.
 increase education quotas in university both domestically and abroad
for Bumiputera.
 increase the number of Bumiputera who are qualified in public and
private sectors.
In order to make sure NEP achieve their goals, government also mobilize the
power of the government department involved to improve economic status of
Bumiputera such as:-
 Permodalan Nasional Berhad (PNB)
 Perbadanan Nasional Berhad (PERNAS)
 Perbadanan-Perbadanan Kemajuan Ekonomi Negeri (PKEN)
 Central Bank of Malaysia
 Bank Pembangunan Malaysia Berhad
 Majlis Amanah Rakyat (MARA)
 Pusat Daya Pengeluaran Negara (PDPN)
Education
Create Dasar Pendidikan Kebangsaan (DPK) where the aim for this policy is to help
unite the citizens who lives together even in different races and religions through
education system which uses Malay language as the main language and based on
the same curriculum and exam. English is required in all primary schools while
English and Malay are required in all secondary schools. The objective of DPK is to:-
 create a united, disciplined and trained community.
 promoting economic growth and job opportunities especially in in science and
technology field.
 promoting the country's cultural, social and political development.
 reduce labour wastage as a result of too many students not attending school
at a young age thus reducing the country's employment potential.
The strategies that have been implemented are:
 use Malay as main language.
 held same type of curriculum and exam in all schools.
 enhancing spiritual, discipline and religion education.
 promoting co-curriculum activities that can cultivate discipline and unity.