CLS JEEAD-18-19 XII Mat Target-6 SET-1 Chapter-5 PDF

Chapter 5
Continuity and Differentiability
Solutions
SECTION - A
School/Board Exam. Type Questions`
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
1. Test the continuity of the following functions at x = 1.
⎧ x2  1
⎪ , x 1
f (x)  ⎨ x  1
⎪2 , x 1
⎩
⎧ x2  1
Sol. Given, f ( x )  ⎨⎪ x  1 ; x  1
⎪2 ; x 1
⎩
x2  1
lim f ( x ) = lim
x 1 x 1 x  1
( x  1)( x  1)
= xlim
1 ( x  1)
=2
∵ lim f ( x )  f (1)
x 1
 f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
⎧ 2x  1 , x  0
2. Discuss the continuity of the function f(x) at x = 0, if f ( x )  ⎨
⎩ 2x  1 , x  0
Sol. Df = R, Let a R be arbitrary, then (where Df is the domain of ‘f’).
Case I : If a < 0, then we can find a neighbourhood of ‘a’, every point of which is less than 0.
 lim f ( x )  lim (2 x  1)  2a  1  f (a )
x a x a
 function f(x) is continuous at x < 0.
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2 Continuity and Differentiability Solutions of Assignment (Set-1)
Case II : If a = 0, f(0) = 2(0) + 1 = 1
lim f ( x )  lim 2(0)  1  1

x  0 x  0
lim f ( x )  lim 2(0)  1  1

x  0 x 0
 The function f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.

Case III : If a > 0, then we can find a neighbourhood of a every point of which is greater than 0.
 lim f ( x )  lim (2 x  1)  lim 2a  1

x a x a x a
Thus, f(x) is continuous at all points except at x = 0.
1 x 2 dy
3. If y  , prove that (1  x )  y  0.
1 x dx
1 x
Sol. y =
1 x
( 1) 1 x
1 x  
dy 2 1 x 2 1 x
= (1  x )
dx
dy  (1  x )  (1  x )
=
dx 2 1  x 2 (1  x )
dy 2
=
dx 2 1  x 2 (1  x )
dy 1 x2
(1  x 2 ) = 1
dx (1  x )2
dy
 (1  x 2 ) y 0
dx
sec x  1 dy
4. If y  , find .
sec x  1 dx
sec x  1
Sol. y =
sec x  1
1  cos x
y=
1  cos x
Solutions of Assignment (Set-1) Continuity and Differentiability 3
x
sin
2
y=
x
cos
2
x
y = tan
2
dy 2 x 1
= sec  .
dx 2 2
1 ⎛ x  1 ⎞ ⎛ x  1⎞ dy
5. If y  sec ⎜ ⎟  sin1 ⎜ ⎟ , find .
⎝ x  1⎠ ⎝ x  1⎠ dx
1 ⎛ x  1 ⎞ ⎛ x  1⎞
Sol. y  cos ⎜ ⎟  sin1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ x  1⎠ ⎝ x  1⎠

y
2
dy
  0.
dx
6. Test the continuity of the given function at x = 3.
⎧ x2  x  6
⎪ , x3
f (x)  ⎨ x  3
⎪5 , x 3
⎩
⎧ x2  x  6
⎪ ; x3
Sol. Given, f ( x )  ⎨ x  3
⎪5 ; x 3
⎩
( x  3)( x  2)
lim f ( x ) = lim
x 3 x 3 ( x  3)
= xlim ( x  2)
3
=5
∵ lim f ( x )  f (3)
x 3
 Function is continuous at x = 3.
dy 1  sin x
7. Find , if y  .
dx 1  sin x
1  sin x
Sol. Given, y =
1  sin x
x x x x
sin2  cos2  2sin cos
2 2 2 2
y= x x x x
sin2  cos2  2sin cos
2 2 2 2
x x
 sin
cos
2 2
y= x x
cos  sin
2 2
x
1  tan
2
y= x
1  tan
2
⎛ x⎞
y = tan ⎜  ⎟
⎝4 2⎠
dy 2⎛ x⎞ 1
= sec ⎜  ⎟  .
dx ⎝4 2⎠ 2
8. Test the continuity of the function at x = a
⎧| x  a |
⎪ , xa
f (x)  ⎨ x  a
⎪⎩1 , xa
⎧| x  a |
⎪ ; xa
Sol. f ( x )  ⎨ x  a
⎪⎩1 ; x a
⎧ ( x  a)
⎪ ( x  a) ; x  a
⎪⎪
f ( x )  ⎨1 ; xa
⎪ ( x  a )
⎪ ; xa
⎪⎩ ( x  a )
⎧1 ; x  a
⎪
f ( x )  ⎨1 ; x  a
⎪ 1 ; x  a
⎩
∵ lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )  f (a )
x  a x  a
 The function is not continous at x = a.
dy
9. If ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0, find .
dx
Sol. Given, ax2 + 2hxy + by2 + 2gx + 2fy + c = 0
on differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dy dy dy
2ax  2hx  2hy  2by  2g  2f  0
dx dx dx
dy
 2hx  2by  2f   2ax  2hy  2g
dx
dy 2ax  2hy  2g
=  .
dx 2hx  2by  2f
x 1 dy 1
10. If y  , where x < –1 and x < 1, show that  .
x 1 dx ( x  1) x 2  1
x 1
Sol. y = , given
x 1
1 1
 x 1 x 1
dy 2 x 1 2 x 1
=
dx ( x  1)
dy ( x  1)  ( x  1)
=
dx 2( x  1) x 2  1
dy 2
=
dx 2( x  1) x 2  1
dy 1
= .
dx ( x  1) x 2  1
Short Answer Type Questions :
dy sin2 x
11. Find , if y  .
dx 1  cos2 x
sin2 x
Sol. Given, y =
1  cos2 x
1  cos2 x 2  (1  cos2 x )
y= =
1  cos2 x 1  cos2 x
2
y= 1
1  cos2 x
dy ( 2)[ 2cos x sin x ]

=
dx (1  cos2 x )2
dy 4 sin x cos x
=
dx (1  cos2 x )2
  , then prove that dydx 

n
2 2 ny
12. If y  x  x  a .
x 2  a2
 
n
2 2
Sol. Given, y = x  x  a
dy 2 2 n 1 d 2 2
= n (x  x  a )  (x  x  a )
dx dx
dy 2 2 n 1
⎛ 2x ⎞
= n (x  x  a )  ⎜1  ⎟
dx ⎝ 2 x 2  a2 ⎠
dy ⎛ x 2  a2  x ⎞
2 2 n 1
= n (x  x  a ) ⎜ ⎟
dx ⎜ x 2  a 2 ⎟⎠
⎝
dy n ( x  x 2  a 2 )n
=
dx x 2  a2
dy ny
=
dx x  a2
2
13. Differentiate f(x) w.r.t. x.
f ( x )  log( x  1  x 2 )
2
Sol. Given, y = log( x  x  1)
dy 1 ⎛ 2x ⎞
=  ⎜1  ⎟
⎜ ⎟
dx x  x2  1 ⎝ 2 x2  1 ⎠
dy 1 ⎛ x2  1  x ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟
dx x  x 2  1 ⎜⎝ x 2  1 ⎟⎠
dy 1
= .
2
dx x 1
dy
14. If xm yn = (x + y)m + n , then find .
dx
Sol. Given, xmyn = (x + y)m + n
Taking logarithm,
m log x + n log y = (m + n) log (x + y)
Differentiating,
1 1 dy 1 ⎡ dy ⎤
m n = (m  n ) ⎢1  dx ⎥
x y dx xy ⎣ ⎦
⎡ n ⎛ m  n ⎞ ⎤ dy mn m
⎢ ⎜ ⎟⎥ = 
⎣ y ⎝ x  y ⎠⎦ dx xy x
⎡ n ( x  y )  (m  n ) y ⎤ dy (m  n ) x  m ( x  y )
⎢ (x  y ) y ⎥ = x (x  y )
⎣ ⎦ dx
dy y
=
dx x
dy
15. If y  tan1( 1  x 2  x ), find .
dx
Sol. Given, y = tan

1
 1 x2  x 
Differentiating,
⎛ 2x ⎞
⎜⎜  1⎟
2 ⎟
dy ⎝ 2 1 x ⎠
=
dx 1  ( 1  x 2  x )2
dy (x  1 x2 ) 1
= 
dx 1  (1  x 2  x 2  2 x 1  x 2 ) 1  x 2
(x  1 x2 ) 1
= 
2 2
2(1  x  x 1  x ) 1 x2
dy x  1 x2
=
dx 2 1 x2 ( 1 x2  x) 1 x2
1
=
2( 1  x 2 )2
dy 1
=
dx 2(1  x 2 )
dy 1  cos x
16. Find , if y  tan1 , 0<x <.
dx 1  cos x
1 1  cos x
Sol. Given, y = tan
1  cos x
x
2cos2
y = tan 1 2
x
2sin2
2
1 ⎛x⎞
y = tan cot 2 ⎜ ⎟
⎝2⎠
1 ⎛x⎞
y = tan cot ⎜ ⎟
⎝2⎠
⎛ x⎞
y = tan1 tan ⎜  ⎟
⎝2 2⎠
 x
y= 
2 2
dy 1
 =  .
dx 2
17. Differentiate w.r.t. x
x
y  tan1 , a < x < a.
a2  x 2
1 x
Sol. y  tan , Given
a  x2
2
⎛ a  x  a ⎞
Put x = a sin  ⎜  ⎟
⎜    ⎟
⎝ 2 2⎠
a sin 
y = tan1
a cos 
= tan1 (tan )  
x
or y = sin1
a
dy 1 ⎛ 1⎞
 =  ⎜ ⎟ [Using chain rule]
a
⎛x⎞ ⎝ ⎠
dx 2
1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝a⎠
dy 1
 = .
dx a  x2
2
⎛ 2⎞
, y  cos1 ⎜ 1  x ⎟ .
dy
18. Find
dx ⎝ 2 ⎠
2
1 ⎛ 1  x ⎞
Sol. Given, y = cos ⎜
⎝ 2 ⎟⎠
dy 1 ⎛ 2x ⎞ 2 x 2 x
⎜
2 ⎟⎠
= = 2 2 =
dx
⎛ 1 x2 ⎞ ⎝
2 4  (1  x ) 3  2x 2  x 4
1  ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
1 1 1 1
19. If y  cos 2 x  2cos 1 4x2 ,   x 
2 2
dy 2
then prove that dx  .
1 4x 2
Sol. Given y  cos1 2x  2cos1 1  4 x 2
Put 2x = cos 
⎛ 1  2 x  1⎞
 1  4 x 2  sin  ⎜⎝ 0     ⎠⎟
y = cos–1 cos  + 2 cos–1 sin 
1 ⎛ ⎞
=   2cos cos ⎜   ⎟
⎝2 ⎠
⎛ ⎞
=   2⎜  ⎟
⎝2 ⎠
y =–
y =  – cos–1 2x
dy ( 2) 2
 =  =
dx 1 4x 2 1 4x 2
20. Differentiate x x sin1 x , where 0 < x < 1 w.r.t. x.
x 1
Sol. y  x sin x, x  0
Taking logarithm, we get
log y  x log x  log sin1 x
Differentiating, we get
1 dy ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 1 1
 = ⎜ x   log x ⎟  1
 
y dx ⎝ x ⎠ sin x 1 x 2 x
1 dy 1
 = (1  log x ) 
y dx 2 x 1  x sin1 x
dy x 1
⎡ 1 ⎤
= x sin x ⎢(1  log x )  ⎥
dx
⎣⎢ 2 x  x 2 sin1 x ⎦⎥
x .....
x e x e dy y
x e
21. If y  e , prove that  .
dx 1  y
x  e x.....
x e x e
Sol. y  e
 y = ex + y
Taking logarithm on both the side, we get
log y = (x + y) log e
1 dy ⎛ dy ⎞
 = ⎜1  ⎟ log e
y dx ⎝ dx ⎠
dy ⎡1 ⎤
 ⎢ y  log e ⎥ = log e
dx ⎣ ⎦
dy log e
 = 1
dx  log e
y
dy y log e
 = 1  y log e
dx
y
=
1 y
23 x
⎛3 x ⎞ d
22. Let f ( x )  ⎜ ⎟ , then find f ( x ).
⎝ 1 x ⎠ dx
23 x
⎛3 x ⎞
Sol. f ( x )  ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 1 x ⎠
Taking Logarithm, we get
⎛3 x⎞
log f(x) = (2  3 x )log ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 1 x ⎠
log f(x) = (2  3 x ) log(3  x )  log(1  x )
1 ⎡ 1 1 ⎤
 f ( x ) = (3) log(3  x )  log(1  x )  (2  3 x ) ⎢  ⎥
f (x) ⎣ 3  x 1 x ⎦
f ( x ) ⎡ ⎛ 3  x ⎞⎤ ⎡ 2 ⎤
= (3) ⎢log ⎜ ⎟ ⎥  (2  3 x ) ⎢ ⎥
f (x) ⎣ ⎝ 1  x ⎠⎦ ⎣ (3  x )(1  x ) ⎦
2 3 x ⎡ ⎛ 3  x⎞3
⎛ 3  x⎞ 2(2  3 x ) ⎤
 f ( x ) = ⎜ ⎢log ⎜  ⎥
⎝ 1  x ⎟⎠ ⎟
⎢⎣ ⎝ 1  x ⎠ (3  x )(1  x ) ⎥⎦
dy 1  ⎛ 1⎞
23. Find for x  e ⎛⎜   ⎞⎟ and y  e ⎜   ⎟ .
dx ⎝ ⎠ ⎝  ⎠
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
Sol. x  e ⎜   ⎟ and y  e  ⎜   ⎟
⎝  ⎠ ⎝  ⎠
dy
dy d dx ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
= ;  e ⎜   ⎟  e ⎜ 1  2 ⎟
dx dx d ⎝ ⎠ ⎝  ⎠
d
dy ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
 e  ⎜   ⎟  e  ⎜ 1  2 ⎟
d ⎝ ⎠ ⎝  ⎠
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
e  ⎜   ⎟  e  ⎜ 1  2 ⎟
dy ⎝ ⎠ ⎝  ⎠
 =
dx ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞
e ⎜   ⎟  e ⎜1  2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠ ⎝  ⎠
dy 1 ⎛ 1     2  3 ⎞
  2 ⎜
dx e ⎝ 1    2  3 ⎟⎠
24. If x = a sin 2t (1 + cos 2t)

y = b cos 2t (1 – cos 2t)
dy b
then show that  .
dx  a
x
4
Sol. Given, x = a sin 2t (1 + cos 2t)

y = b cos 2t (1 – cos 2t)
dy
dy dt
∵ =
dx
dx
dt
dy
= 2b sin 2t (1  cos 2t )  b cos 2t (2 sin 2t )
dt
dx
= 2a cos 2t (1  cos 2t )  ( 2a sin 2t sin 2t )
dt
dy 2b sin 2t  2b sin 4t

=
dx 2a cos 2t  2a cos 4t
dy ⎛ b ⎞ ⎡ sin 4t  sin 2t ⎤ ⎛b⎞ ⎡ 2 cos 3t sin t ⎤ ⎛b⎞

 = ⎜ ⎟⎢ ⎥ = ⎜ ⎟ ⎢  2 sin 3t sin t ⎥ = ⎜ a ⎟ [  cot 3t ].
dx ⎝ a ⎠ ⎣ cos 4t  cos 2t ⎦ ⎝a⎠ ⎣ ⎦ ⎝ ⎠
dy
25. If y = sin (2 sin–1 x), where –1 < x < 1, find .
dx
Sol. Given, y  sin (2 sin1 x )
dy 1 d
= cos (2 sin x ) (2 sin1 x )
dx dx
1 2
= cos (2 sin x ) 
1  x2
2 cos (2 sin1 x )
= ; x  1.
1  x2
dy
26. If y = tan–1 (sec x + tan x), find .
dx
Sol. Given, y = tan–1 (sec x + tan x)
1 ⎛ 1  sin x ⎞
y = tan ⎜ ⎟
⎝ cos x ⎠
⎛ x x x x⎞
cos2  sin2  2 sin cos
⎜ 2 2 2 2⎟
y = tan1 ⎜ ⎟
x x
⎜ cos2  sin2 ⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
⎛ ⎛ 2
x x⎞ ⎞
⎜ ⎜⎝ cos  sin ⎟
⎜ 2 2 ⎟⎠ ⎟
y = tan1
⎜⎛ 2 x 2 x⎞ ⎟
⎜ ⎜⎝ cos 2  sin 2 ⎟⎠ ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ x x ⎞
⎜ cos  sin ⎟
y = tan 1 2 2
⎜ ⎟
⎜⎜ cos x x ⎟⎟
 sin
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
1 ⎛ ⎛  x ⎞⎞
 y = tan ⎜ tan ⎜  ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 4 2 ⎠⎠
 x
= 
4 2
dy 1
 =
dx 2
dy ⎛ 5 x  12 1  x 2 ⎞
27. Find , if y  sin1 ⎜ ⎟.
dx ⎜ 13 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ 5 x  12 1  x 2 ⎞
Sol. Given, y  sin1 ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 13 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
5 12
Let x = cos ;  sin  ;  cos 
13 13
 y = sin1  sin  cos   cos  sin  
 y = sin1(sin (  )    
1 5
 y = sin  cos1 x
13
dy 1
 = .
dx 1 x2
28. Verify Rolle’s theorem for the following function.
⎡ ⎤
f(x) = sin x + cos x , x  ⎢0, ⎥
⎣ 2⎦
⎡ ⎤
Sol. Considering f(x) = (sin x + cos x) in ⎢ 0, ⎥ by the continuity of the sine function, the cosine function, the
⎣ 2⎦
sum of continuous function and the difference of continuous functions, it follows that f(x) is continuous on
⎡ ⎤
⎢ 0, 2 ⎥ .
⎣ ⎦
⎡ ⎤
Also, f(x) = (cos x – sin x), which clearly exists for all values of x  ⎢ 0, ⎥
⎣ 2⎦
⎤ ⎡ ⎛⎞
So, f(x) is differentiable on ⎥ 0, ⎢ . Also f (0)  f ⎜ ⎟  1.
⎦ 2⎣ ⎝2⎠
⎤ ⎡
Thus, all the conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied. So, there must exist some c  ⎥ 0, ⎢ such that f(c)
⎦ 2⎣
=0
Now, f(c) = 0  cos c – sin c = 0

 cos c = sin c  c 
4
 ⎤ ⎡
Thus, c   0, ⎢ such that f(c) = 0
4 ⎥⎦ 2⎣
Hence, Rolle’s theorem is verified.
29. Verify Lagrange’s mean value theorem for f ( x )  x 2  4 in the interval [2, 4].
Sol. Consider f ( x )  x 2  4 in [2, 4]

Clearly, f(x) has a definite and unique value for each x [2, 4]. So, at every point in [2, 4], the value of f(x)
is equal to limit of f(x).
So, f(x) is continuous on [2, 4]
x
Also, f ( x )  , which exist for all ]2, 4[.
x2  4
So, f(x) is differentiable on ]2, 4[
So there must exist some c ]2, 4[, such that
f (4)  f (2) 12  0
f (c )    3
42 2
Now, f (c )  3
c
  3 c2 = 3 (c2 – 4)  c   6
2
c 4
f (4)  f (2)
Clearly, c  6  ]2, 4[ such that f (c ) 
42
Hence, Lagrange’s mean value theorem is verified.
2
d 2y 1 ⎛ dy ⎞ y
xx    0.
y ⎜⎝ dx ⎟⎠
30. If y = prove that
dx 2 x
Sol. If y = xx  log y = x log x
1 dy 1
 = x   log x
y dx x
1 dy
 = (1 + log x)
y dx
dy
= y (1 + log x) ...(i)
dx
d 2y dy ⎛1⎞
 = (1  log x )  y  ⎜ ⎟
2
dx dx ⎝x⎠
2
d 2y 1 ⎛ dy ⎞ y
 – ⎜ ⎟   0 , desired result.
dx 2 y ⎝ dx ⎠ x
Long Answer Type Questions :
1  sin2 x dy
31. If y  log , find .
1  tan x dx
1  sin2 x
Sol. Given, y  log
1  tan x
1⎡
 y log (1  sin2 x )  log (1  tan x ) ⎤⎦
2⎣
dy 1 ⎡ 2 sin x cos x  sec 2 x ⎤

= 2⎢  ⎥
dx
2
⎢⎣ 1  sin x 1  tan x ⎥⎦
dy 1 ⎡ sin 2 x sec 2 x ⎤
 = 2 ⎢  ⎥
⎢⎣ 1  sin x 1  tan x ⎥⎦
2
dx
32. If y x 2  1  log  1 x  x 2
2 dy
Show that ( x  1)  xy  1  0
dx
Sol. Given, y x 2  1  log( 1  x 2  x )
2x
1
dy 2 2x 2 1 x2
x 1 y  =
dx 2 x2  1 1 x2  x
dy yx 1
x2  1  =
dx x2  1 1 x2
dy
(1  x 2 )  yx = –1
dx
dy
 (1  x 2 )  xy  1  0.
dx
1  cos2 x dy
33. If y  log 2x
, find .
1 e dx
1  cos2 x
Sol. Given, y  log
1  e2 x
2 2x
 y = log 1  cos x  log 1  e
1 1
y= log (1  cos2 x )  log (1  e 2 x )
2 2
dy 1 ( 2 cos x sin x ) 1 2e2 x

= 
dx 2 (1  cos2 x ) 2 (1  e2 x )
dy ⎛  sin 2 x e2 x ⎞
 = ⎜  ⎟
dx ⎝ 2 (1  cos2 x ) 1  e 2 x ⎠
x
34. Differentiate y  x x w.r.t. x.
x x
Sol. y  x , given
Taking logarithm, on both the side, we get
log y = xx log x
log log y = x log x + log log x
1 1 dy ⎛ 1 ⎞ 1 1
 = ⎜ x   log x ⎟  
log y y dx ⎝ x ⎠ log x x
dy ⎡ 1 ⎤
 = y  (log y ) ⎢ (1  log x ) 
dx ⎣ x log x ⎥⎦
dy x ⎡ 1 ⎤
 = x x  x x log x ⎢ (1  log x ) 
dx ⎣ x log x ⎥⎦
dy 1 1  cos x
35. Find if y  cot , 0x <.
dx 1  cos x
1
⎛ 1  cos x ⎞
Sol. Given, y  cot ⎜
⎝ 1  cos x ⎟⎠
x
2 cos2
y = cot
1 2
x
2 sin2
2
1 ⎛ x⎞
= cot cot 2 ⎜ ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
1 ⎛ x⎞ x
= cot ⎜⎝ cot ⎟⎠ 
2 2
x
= y
2
dy 1
 
dx 2
⎛ 1 x2  1 x2 ⎞
36. Differentiate tan1 ⎜ ⎟ w.r.t. x.
⎜ 1 x2  1 x2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
⎛ 1 x2  1 x2 ⎞
1
Sol. Given, y  tan ⎜ ⎟
⎜ 1 x2  1 x2 ⎟
⎝ ⎠
Put, x2 = cos t, we get
1 ⎛ 1  cos t  1  cos t ⎞
y = tan ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
⎝ 1  cos t  1  cos t ⎠
⎛ t t ⎞
1
⎜ 2 cos 2  2 sin 2 ⎟
y = tan ⎜ ⎟
⎜⎜ 2 cos t  2 sin t ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 2 ⎠
⎛ t ⎞
1
⎜ 1  tan 2 ⎟
y = tan ⎜ ⎟
⎜⎜ 1  tan t ⎟⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
1 ⎛ ⎛  t ⎞⎞
y = tan ⎜ tan ⎜  ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 4 2⎠⎠
 t  cos1 x 2
y=   y 
4 2 4 2
dy 1 1
 =    (2 x )
dx 2 1 x4
dy x
= .
dx 1 x 4
d ⎡x 2 a2 x⎤
37. Prove that ⎢ a  x2  sin1 ⎥ = a2  x 2 .
dx ⎢⎣ 2 2 a ⎥⎦
x a2 x
Sol. Let, y  a2  x 2  sin1
2 2 a
Put, x = a sin 
a sin  a2
 y=  a cos   sin1(sin )
2 2
a2 a2
y= sin 2  
4 2
dy ⎡ a2 a2 ⎤ d 
 = ⎢ (2 cos 2)  ⎥
dx ⎢⎣ 4 2 ⎦⎥ dx
dx
Now, = a cos 
d
⎡ a2 2

dy
= ⎢  1  2 sin2    a ⎤⎥  1
dx ⎣ 2 2 ⎦ x2
a 1
a2
⎡ a2 ⎛ x 2 ⎞ a2 ⎤ 1
= ⎢ 2 ⎜⎜ 1  2 2 ⎟⎟  ⎥
⎣⎢ ⎝ a ⎠ 2 ⎥⎦ a  x 2
2
2 2 1
= ⎡⎣ (a  x ) ⎤⎦ 
a2  x 2
= a2  x 2
⎛ 1  sin x  1  sin x ⎞
tan1 ⎜ ⎟⎟ .
⎜ 1  sin x  1  sin x
⎝ ⎠
⎛⎛ x x⎞ ⎛ x x⎞⎞
⎜ ⎜ cos  sin  cos  sin ⎟
1 ⎜⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠ ⎟
Sol. tan
⎜⎛ x x⎞ ⎛ x x⎞⎟
⎜ ⎜ cos  sin  cos  sin
⎝⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠ ⎜⎝ 2 2 ⎟⎠ ⎟⎠
⎛ x ⎞
⎜ 2 cos 2 ⎟ ⎛ x⎞
tan1 ⎜ ⎟ = tan1 ⎜ cot 2 ⎟
⎜⎜ 2 sin x ⎟⎟ ⎝ ⎠
⎝ 2 ⎠
1 ⎛ ⎛  x ⎞⎞
= tan ⎜ tan ⎜  ⎟ ⎟
⎝ ⎝ 2 2 ⎠⎠
 x
= 
2 2
dy 1
 = .
dx 2

y = (x)cos x + (sin x)tan x + (sin x)x, 0  x  .
2
Sol. y  x cos x  sin x tan x  (sin x )x
Let u = xcos x; v = (sin x)tan x; w = (sin x)x
dy du dv dw
=  
dx dx dx dx
u = xcos x  log u = cos x log x
1 du 1
= (  sin x )  log x  (cos x ) 
u dx x
du ⎛ cos x ⎞
 = u ⎜  sin x log x 
dx ⎝ x ⎟⎠
v = (sin x)tan x
log v = (tan x) log sin x
1 dv 2 (  cos x )
= (sec x ) log sin x  (tan x ) 
v dx sin x
dv ⎛ 2 ⎛  cos x ⎞ ⎞
= v ⎜ sec x log sin x  (tan x )  ⎜ ⎟⎟
dx ⎝ ⎝ sin x ⎠ ⎠
w = (sin x)x
log w = x log sin x
1 dw ⎛ cos x ⎞
= ⎜ (log sin x )  x
w dx ⎝ sin x ⎟⎠
dw
= w  log sin x  x cot x 
dx
x
= (sin x ) (log sin x  x cot x )

dy
dx
= x
cos x ⎛ cos x ⎞
⎜  sin x log x  x ⎟  (sin x )
⎝ ⎠
tan x
 
sec 2 x log sin x  1  (sin x )x (log sin x  x cot x )
40. If y = log (1+ cos x)
d3y d 2 y dy
Prove that   0.
dx 3 dx 2 dx
Sol. y = log (1 + cos x)
dy  sin x
 =
dx 1  cos x
d 2y (  cos x ) (1  cos x )  (  sin x ) (  sin x )

=
dx 2 (1  cos x )2
 cos x  cos2 x  sin2 x

=
(1  cos x )2
 cos x  1 1
= =
(1  cos x ) 2 (1  cos x )
d3y  sin x
=
dx 3 (1  cos x )2
d3y d 2 y dy
 3
 
dx dx 2 dx
 sin x ⎛ 1 ⎞ ⎛  sin x ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟ ⎜ 1  cos x ⎟
(1  cos x ) 2
⎝ 1  cos x ⎠⎝ ⎠
 sin x sin x
= 2
 0
(1  cos x ) (1  cos x )2
41. Verify Rolle’s theorem for

f(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2)2 in [1, 2].
Sol. The given function is
f(x) = (x – 1) (x – 2)2 x [1, 2]
Clearly f(x) is a polynomial in x, therefore f(x) is differentiable and continuous everywhere.
 f(x) is continuous in [1, 2] and derivable on (1, 2)
Also, f(1) = 0 = f (2)
Hence all the conditions of Rolle’s theorem are satisfied for f(x) in [1, 2]
c (1, 2) satisfying f(c) = 0
Now from (i),
f(x) = 1 (x – 2)2 + (x – 1) (x – 2) (2)
= (x – 2) [(x – 2) + 2x – 2]
= (x – 2) [3x – 4]
4
f(c) = 0  c = 2 or
3
4
since c (1, 2), therefore c   ] 1, 2 [
3
Thus Rolle’s theorem is verified.
⎡ 1⎤
42. Verify Lagrange’s mean value theorem for the function f(x) = x (x – 1) (x – 2) in ⎢0, ⎥ .
⎣ 2⎦
Sol. Given f(x) = x (x – 1) (x – 2)
= x (x2 – 3x + 2)
f(x) = 1 (x2 – 3x + 2) + x(2x – 3) = 3x2 – 6x + 2
Clearly f(x) is finite and unique for all x and hence f(x) is differentiable as well as continuous at all x.
⎡ 1⎤
Hence, 1) f(x) is continuous at ⎢ 0, ⎥
⎣ 2⎦
⎛ 1⎞
2) f(x) is differentiable in ⎜ 0, ⎟
⎝ 2⎠
⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞⎛ 1 ⎞⎛1 ⎞ 3
f(0) = 0, f ⎜ ⎟  ⎜ ⎟ ⎜  1 ⎟ ⎜  2 ⎟ 
2 2
⎝ ⎠ ⎝ ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠⎝ 2 ⎠ 8
⎡ 1⎤
Hence, all conditions of Lagrange’s mean value theorem are satisfied for f(x) in ⎢ 0, ⎥
⎣ 2⎦
⎛ 1⎞
f ⎜ ⎟  f (0)
⎝2⎠
Now, f(c)=
1
0
2
3
0
8 3
2
3c – 6c + 2= 
1 4
2
12c2 – 24c + 8 = 3
 12c2 – 24c + 5 = 0
24  336 21
c=  1
24 6
21 21
Hence, c= 1  or 1 
6 6
1 21
0c  c  1
2 6
⎛ 1⎞
f ⎜ ⎟  f (0)
⎛ 21 ⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎝2⎠
Thus, there exist at least one c ⎜⎜  1  ⎟⎟ in ⎜ 0, ⎟ such that f (c ) 
⎝ 6 ⎠ ⎝ 2⎠ 1
0
2
Thus Lagrange’s mean value theorem is verified.
43. A function f(x) is so defined that for all x, f ( x )  f (nx ). Prove that f(x)  f(nx) = f(x)  f(nx), where f(x) denotes
n
the derivative of f(x) w.r.t. x.

Sol. Given [f(x)]n = f(nx)
Differentiating both side w.r.t. x, we get
n[f(x)]n – 1 f(x) = f(nx) . n
or [f(x)]n – 1 f(x) = f(nx)
Multiplying both side by f(x), we get
[f(x)]n . f(x) = f(nx) . f(x)
or f(nx) f(x) = f(nx) . f(x).
44. If y = x – x2, find the derivative of y2 w.r.t. x2.
Sol. Given y = x – x2
Let u = y2 and v = x2
du dy
Now, = 2y = 2y (1 – 2x)
dx dx
dv
and = 2x
dx
du
du dx 2y (1  2 x ) ( x  x 2 )(1  2x )
= = = = 2x2 – 3x + 1.
dv dv 2x x
dx
dy
45. If x3 + y3 = sin (x + y), find .
dx
Sol. Given, x3 + y3 = sin (x + y)
Differentiating, w.r.t. x, we get
d 3 d 3 d
x  y = sin ( x  y )
dx dx dx
dy ⎛ dy ⎞
3 x 2  3y 2 = cos ( x  y ) ⎜ 1 
dx ⎝ dx ⎟⎠
dy ⎡ 2
3 y  cos ( x  y ) ⎤⎦ = cos (x + y) – 3x2
dx ⎣
dy cos ( x  y )  3 x 2
=
dx 3 y 2  cos ( x  y )
SECTION - B
Model Test Paper
Very Short Answer Type Questions :
⎧ | x | 3 , if x3
⎪
1. f ( x )  ⎨ 2 x , if 3  x  3 .
⎪ 6 x  2 , if x3
⎩
Sol. Domain = R.
Let a R be arbitrary
Case I : If a < –3, then we can find a neighbourhood of ‘a’ all points of which are less than –3.
 lim f ( x ) = lim (1 1  3) = |a| + 3 = f(a)

x a x a
= f(x) is continuous at x = a where a < –3.

Case II : When a = –3,
Left hand limit
lim f ( x ) = lim (| x |  3) = lim (  x  3) = –(–3) + 3 = 6

x   3 x   3 x   3
f(–3) = |–3| + 3 = 6
Right hand limit
lim f ( x ) = lim ( 2 x ) = (–2) (–3) = 6

x 3 x 3
 lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x )  f ( 3)  6

x 3 x 3
 f(x) is continuous at x = – 3.
Case III : If –3 < a < 3, then we can ‘a’ at all point lie between –3 and 3.
lim f ( x ) = lim ( 2x )

x a x a
= –2a = f(a)
 f is continuous at x = a, where x = a where a (–3, 3)
Case IV : If a = 3, then every neighbourhood of a contains point which are less than 3 and also points
which are greater than 3.
f(3) = 6 × 3 + 2 = 20
lim f ( x ) = lim ( 2 x )
x 3 x 3
= –2 × 3 = –6
and lim f ( x ) = lim (6 x  2)

x 3 x 3
= 6 × 3 + 2 = 20
lim f ( x )  lim f ( x )
x 3 x 3
f(x) is discontinuous at x = 3.
Case V : If a > 3,
lim f ( x ) = lim (6 x  2)
x a x a
= 6a + 2 = f(a)
f(x) is continuous at x = a, where a > 3
 The only point of discontinuity of f(x) is x = 3.
2. Write down the statement of Lagrange’s Mean Value theorem.
Sol. If a function f(x) is
(i) Continuous in the closed interval [a, b]
(ii) Derivable in the open interval (a, b)
Then there exists at least one real number c in (a, b) such that
f ( b )  f (a )
 f (c )
ba
dy
3. Find when x2 + y2 = 1.
dx
Sol. x2 + y2 = 1
dy
2 x  2y =0
dx
dy 2x x
 =  = 
dx 2y y
4. Evaluate f(x) when f(x) = 10x + x10 + 10x.

Sol. y = 10x + x10 + 10 x
dy x 9
= 10 loge 10  10 x  10
dx
5. For what value of  is the function defined by
⎧⎪  ( x 2  2 x ) , if x0
f (x)  ⎨
⎪⎩ 4 x  1 , if x0
continuous at x = 0? What about continuity if f(x) at x = 1?
Sol. f(x) is continuous at x = 0
If lim f ( x )  f (0)  lim f ( x )

x 0 x 0
i.e., if lim  ( x 2  2 x )   (02  2  0)  lim (4 x  1)

x 0  x 0 
i.e., if (02 – 0) = 0 = 4 × 0 + 1
(0) = 1
Which is not possible for any real .
 f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0, whatever  may be.
However,
lim f ( x ) = lim ( x 2  2 x ) =  (1 + 2)
x 1 x 1
= 3 = f(–1) (∵ We can find a neighbourhood of –1, every point of which is less than 0).
 f(x) is continuous at x = –1.
Similarly, we can find a neighbourhood of 1, every point of which is greater than 0.
 lim f ( x ) = lim (4 x  1)
x 1 x 1
= 4(1) + 1 = 5 = f(1)
 f(x) is continuous at x = 1.
6. Examine the continuity of f(x) defined by
⎧ sin x  cos x , if x0

f (x)  ⎨ .
⎩ 1 , if x 0
Sol. Df = R
Let a  R be arbitrary, then two cases
Case I : If a  0, then we can find a neighbourhood of a not containing 0.
 lim f ( x ) = lim (sin x  cos x )

x a x a
= sin a – cos a = f(a)

 f(x) is continuous at x = a where a  0.
Case II : If a = 0 if f(a) = f(0) = –1
and lim f ( x ) = lim (sin x  cos x )

x 0 x 0
= 0 –1 = –1
lim f ( x )  f (0)
x 0
 f(x) is continuous at x = a where a = 0.

 f(x) is continuous at all points of its domain.
⎧
⎪ 1  cos 4 x ; x0
⎪ x2
⎪
7. Let f ( x )  ⎨ a ; x0
⎪
⎪ x
; x 0
⎪ 16  x  4
⎩
For what value of a, is ‘f(x)’ continuous at x = 0?

Sol. Now f(0) = a;
1  cos 4 x 2 sin2 2 x
lim = lim
x 0  x2 x 0 x2
2
⎛ sin 2 x ⎞
= lim  8 ⎜ ⎟
2 x 0 ⎝ 2x ⎠
= 8 (1)2 = 8 and
x
lim f ( x ) = lim
x 0 x 0  16  x  4
x ( 16  x  4)
= lim
x 0 ( 16  x  4) ( 16  x  4)
x ( 16  x  4)
= lim
x 0 16  x  16
= lim 16  x  4
x 0
=4+4
=8
lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x )  8
x 0 x 0
 f(x) is continuous at x = 0 only if a = 8.
Short Answer Type Questions :
dy 1 ⎛ 3 sin x  4 cos x ⎞
8. Find when y  cos ⎜ ⎟.
dx ⎝ 5 ⎠
⎛3 4 ⎞
Sol. y = cos1 ⎜ sin x  cos x ⎟
⎝5 5 ⎠
3 4
= cos1(sin  sin x  cos  cos x ) (If  sin  then  cos  )
5 5
= cos1(cos ( x   )) or cos1 (cos (  x ))

= (x – ) or ( – x)
dy
  1 or – 1.
dx
9. If x = sec  – cos 
y = secn  – cosn 
2
2 ⎛ dy ⎞ 2 2
then show that ( x  4) ⎜ ⎟  n ( y  4).
⎝ dx ⎠
Sol. If x = sec  – cos 
y = secn  – cosn 
dy n sec n 1  sec  tan   n cosn 1  sin 

=
dx sec  tan   sin 
dy sec n   cosn 
= n
dx sec   cos 
2 2n
⎛ dy ⎞ n sec   cos2n   2
⎜ dx ⎟ = n
⎝ ⎠ sec 2   cos2   2
and (x2 + 4) = sec2  + cos2  + 2
2
⎛ dy ⎞
 ( x 4  4) ⎜ ⎟ = n 2 (sec 2n   cos2n   2)
⎝ dx ⎠
y2 + 4 = sec2n  + cos2n  + 2
2
2 ⎛ dy ⎞
 ( x  4) ⎜ 2 2
⎟ = n (y + 4)
⎝ dx ⎠
dy 1 0
= 2(n  3) 
dx 43
7
x
2
1
y
4
dy 
10. Find at t  where x = e–t (sin t + cos t), y = e–t (sin t – cos t).
dx 4
Sol. Given, x = e–t (sin t + cos t)
y = e–t (sin t – cos t)
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
dx d t
= (e (sin t  cos t )) = e t (sin t  cos t )  e t (cos t  sin t ) = e t ( 2 sin t )
dt dt
dy d t
= (e (sin t  cos t )) = e t (sin t  cos t )  e t (cos t  sin t ) = 2 (cos t ) e t
dt dt
dy
= – cot t
dx
dy
dx  = –1
t
4
⎧⎪ x 2  3 x  a ; x  1
11. Let f ( x )  ⎨ be derivable at every x R. Find the value of a and b.
⎪⎩ bx  2 ; x 1
Sol. Function being polynomial in expression is continuous at x R
 lim f ( x )  f (1)  lim f ( x )

x 1 x 1
 12 + 3(1) + a = b(1) + 2
4+ a= b + 2
f (1  h )  f (1)
L f(1) = lim
h 0 h
[(1  h )2  3 (1  h)  a]  [12  3(1)  a]

= lim
h 0 h
= 2(1) + 3 = 5
f (1  h )  f (1)
R f(1) = lim
h 0 h
[b (1  h )  2]  (4  a )
= lim
h 0 h
[b (1  h )  2]  (b  2)
= lim
h 0 h
= b
 b = 5 and a = 3.
12 Show that the function
⎧ x 2  25
⎪ , where x  5
f (x)  ⎨ x  5 is continuous at x = 5.
⎪ 10, when x  5
⎩
Sol. For x < 5
(5  h )2  25
LHL = lim f ( x )  lim f (5  h) = lim = lim  h  10 = 10
x 5 h 0 h 0 5  h  5 h 0
For x > 5
(5  h )2  25
RHL = lim f ( x )  lim f (5  h ) = lim = lim h  10 = 10
x 5 h 0 h 0 5  h  5 h 0
For x = 5
f(x) = 10 (given)
 LHL at 5 = RHL at 5 = Value at 5.
⎛ 1  x 2  1⎞
13. Find the derivative of tan1 ⎜ ⎟ with respect to tan–1x.
⎜⎝ x ⎟⎠
( 1  x 2  1)
Sol. Let u  tan1 ...(i)
x
v  tan1 x ⇒ x  tan v ...(ii)
From (i) & (ii)

v
⎛ 1  tan2 v  1⎞ 2sin2
1 sec v  1 1 2 1 v v
u = tan1 ⎜ ⎟ = tan = tan = tan tan =
⎜⎝ tan v ⎟⎠ tan v v v 2 2
2 sin cos
2 2
du 1

dv 2
1 t cos 1 t
14. If x  a sin , y a
dy y
Show that  .
dx x
Sol. x  a sin1 t
1 t
y  acos
dy 1 1 t 1
=  acos  log a 
1 t
dt
2 acos 1 t 2
dx 1 1 t 1
=  asin  log a 
1 t
dt
2 asin 1 t 2
1
dy acos t y
= = 
dx 1 x
a sin t
x ⎛ 1⎞
⎛ 1⎞ ⎜ 1 ⎟
15. y  ⎜ x  ⎟  x⎝ x ⎠
⎝ x⎠
x 1
⎛ 1⎞ 1
Sol. Let ⎜ x  ⎟  u and x x  v
⎝ x⎠
dy du dv
= 
dx dx dx
x
⎛ 1⎞
u = ⎜x ⎟
⎝ x⎠
⎛ 1⎞
log u = x log ⎜ x  ⎟
⎝ x⎠
1 du ⎛ 1 ⎞ dx d ⎛ 1⎞ ⎛ 1⎞ 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
= log ⎜ x  ⎟  x log ⎜ x  ⎟ = log ⎜ x  ⎟  x   ⎜ 1 2 ⎟
u dx ⎝ x ⎠ dx dx ⎝ x⎠ ⎝ x⎠ ⎛ 1⎞ ⎝ x ⎠
⎜x x ⎟
⎝ ⎠
1
1
v= x x
⎛ 1⎞
log v = ⎜ 1  ⎟ log x
⎝ x ⎠
1 dv ⎛ 1⎞ 1 ⎛ 1 ⎞
= ⎜ 1  ⎟   (log x )  ⎜  2 ⎟
v dx ⎝ x⎠ x ⎝ x ⎠
dv ⎡1 1 1 ⎤
= v ⎢  2  2 log x ⎥
dx ⎣x x x ⎦
⎛ 1⎞
dv ⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎡ 1 1 1 ⎤
= x ⎝ x ⎠ ⎢  2  2 log x ⎥
dx ⎣x x x ⎦
x ⎛ 1⎞
dy ⎛ 1⎞ ⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞ ( x 2  1) ⎤ ⎜ 1 ⎟ ⎡ 1
x 1 1 ⎤
 = ⎜ x  ⎟ ⎢ log ⎜ x  ⎟  2 ⎥  x ⎝ ⎠ ⎢  2  2 log x ⎥
dx ⎝ x ⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎝ x ⎠ x  1 ⎥⎦ ⎣x x x ⎦
x ⎛ 1⎞
⎛ 1⎞ ⎡ ⎛ 1 ⎞ x2  1⎤ ⎜ x x ⎟ ⎡ x  1  log x ⎤
= ⎜ x  ⎟ ⎢ log ⎜ x  ⎟  2 ⎥  x⎝ ⎠
⎢ ⎥
⎝ x ⎠ ⎢⎣ ⎝ x ⎠ x  1 ⎥⎦ ⎣ x2 ⎦
16. If y = Aemx + Benx, show that
d 2y dy
2
 (m  n )  mny  0.
dx dx
Sol. y = Aemx + Benx ...(i)
dy
= mAemx + nBenx ...(ii)
dx
d 2y
= m2Aemx + n2Benx ...(iii)
dx 2
Substituting the value of Aemx and Benx from (i) and (ii) in (iii)
dy
my  = (mB – nB)enx
dx
dy
ny  = (nA – mA)emx
dx
⎛ dy ⎞ ⎛ dy ⎞
2 ⎜ ny  ⎟ ⎜ my  dx ⎟
d y 2 ⎝ dx ⎠  n2 ⎝ ⎠
 = m
dx 2 nm mn
d 2y mn dy (m 2  n 2 )
 2 = (  m  n )y 
dx mn dx (m  n )
d 2y dy
 2
 (m  n )  mny  0
dx dx
1 ex dy ex
17. If y  , show that dx  , x  0.
1 ex (1  e x ) 1  e2 x
1 ex
Sol. y  ,x<0
1 ex
1 1

dy d ⎛ 1 ex ⎞2 1 ⎛ 1 ex ⎞ 2 d ⎛ 1 ex ⎞
= ⎜ ⎟⎟ = ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟ ⎜⎜ ⎟⎟
dx dx ⎜⎝ 1  e x ⎠ 2 ⎝ 1 ex ⎠ dx ⎝ 1 e
x
⎠
1 1 ex ⎧⎪ (1  e x ) (0  e x )  (1  e x ) (0  e x ) ⎫⎪
= ⎨ ⎬
2 1 ex ⎩⎪ (1  e x )2 ⎪⎭
1 1 ex x x x
⎪⎧ e (1  e  1  e ) ⎪⎫
= 2 ⎨ ⎬
1 ex ⎪⎩ (1  e x )2 ⎪⎭
ex 1 ex ex
= =
1  e x (1  e x ) (1  e x ) 1  e 2 x (1  e x )
d 2y dy
18. If y  e  x (a cos x  b sin x ) where a, b are constants. Prove that 2
2  2y  0 .
dx dx
Sol. y  e  x (a cos x  b sin x )
e x y  a cos x  b sin x
Differentiating both side w.r.t. x.
dy
ye x  e x  a sin x  b cos x
dx
Again differentiating both sides w.r.t. x.
exd 2y dy x dy
2
 e  ye x  e x = a cos x  b sin y = e x y
dx dx dx
Dividing both sides by ex
d 2y 2dy
2
  2y  0
dx dx
19. xy = e(x – y)
Sol. xy = e(x – y) ...(i)
Differentiating w.r.t. x
yx
dy ( x y ) ⎡ dy ⎤
= e ⎢1  dx ⎥
dx ⎣ ⎦
dy ⎡ ( x y )
x  e( x  y ) ⎤⎦ = e y
dx ⎣
dy ex y  y xy  y y ( x  1)
= = = x ( y  1)
dx xe x  y x  xy
Long Answer Type Questions :
log ( x  x 2  1) dy
20. If y  , prove that ( x 2  1)  xy  1.
2 dx
x 1
log ( x  x 2  1)
Sol. Given y 
x2  1
 y x 2  1  log ( x  x 2  1)
Differentiating both sides w.r.t. x, we get
y
d
dx
( x 2  1)  x 2  1
dy
dx
=
d
dx 
log ( x  x 2  1) 
1 1 ⎛ 2x ⎞
1 2 
 2
 1
dy ⎜ 1  ⎟
y ( x  1) 2 = x x = ⎜ ⎟
2 dx x  x2  1 ⎝ 2 x2  1 ⎠
xy dy 1 ⎛ x ⎞
 x2  1 ⎜ 1 ⎟
2 = ⎜ ⎟
x 1 dx x  x2  1 ⎝ x2  1 ⎠
xy dy 1
 x2  1
2
x 1 dx = 2
x 1
dy
 xy  ( x 2  1) 1
dx
a bx cx 2
21. If y  1   
x  a ( x  a) ( x  b) ( x  a) ( x  b) ( x  c )
dy y ⎧ a b c ⎫
Prove that  ⎨   ⎬.
dx x ⎩ a  x b  x c  x ⎭
⎛ a ⎞ bx cx 2
Sol. y = ⎜ 1  ⎟  
⎝ x  a ⎠ ( x  a) ( x  b) ( x  a) ( x  b) ( x  c )
⎛ x ⎞ bx cx 2
y= ⎜ ⎟  
⎝ x  a ⎠ ( x  a) ( x  b) ( x  a) ( x  b) ( x  c )
⎛ x ⎞⎛ b ⎞ cx 2
y= ⎜ ⎟⎜ 1  
⎝ x a ⎠⎝ x  b ⎟⎠ ( x  a ) ( x  b ) ( x  c )
x2 cx 2
y= 
( x  a) ( x  b) ( x  a) ( x  b) ( x  c )
x2 ⎡ c ⎤ x3
y= ⎢ 1 ⎥ =
( x  a) ( x  b) ⎣ ( x  c ) ⎦ ( x  a) ( x  b) ( x  c )
log y = 3 log x – log (x – a) – log (x – b) – log (x – c)
1 dy 3 1 1 1
=   
y dx x x a x b x c
dy ⎡⎛ 1 1 ⎞ ⎛1 1 ⎞ ⎛1 1 ⎞⎤
= y ⎢ ⎜⎝ x  x  a ⎟⎠  ⎜⎝ x  x  b ⎟⎠  ⎜⎝ x  x  c ⎟⎠ ⎥
dx ⎣ ⎦
dy y ⎡ a b c ⎤
 
x ⎣ x  a x  b x  c ⎥⎦
⎢
=
dx
y ⎡ a b c ⎤
 
x ⎢⎣ a  x b  x c  x ⎥⎦
=
1 ⎧ x 1 ⎛ y ⎞ ⎫ dy
22. If y  b tan ⎨  tan ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ , find .
⎩ a x
⎝ ⎠⎭ dx
1 ⎧ x 1 ⎛ y ⎞ ⎫ dy
Sol. y  b tan ⎨  tan ⎜ ⎟ ⎬ , find
⎩a ⎝ x ⎠⎭ dx
⎧x ⎛ y ⎞⎫
Given, y = b tan1 ⎨  tan1 ⎜ ⎟ ⎬
⎩ a ⎝ x ⎠⎭
y 1 ⎧ x 1 ⎛ y ⎞ ⎫
= tan ⎨  tan ⎜ ⎟ ⎬
b ⎩a ⎝ x ⎠⎭
⎛y⎞ x ⎛y⎞
tan ⎜ ⎟ =  tan1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝b⎠ a ⎝x⎠
On differentiating both the sides, we get
dy
x y
⎛ 2 y ⎞ ⎛ 1 ⎞ dy 1 1 dx
⎜ sec b ⎟ ⎜ b ⎟ dx = a  2
x2
⎝ ⎠⎝ ⎠ ⎛y⎞
1 ⎜ ⎟
⎝x⎠
1 ⎛ y ⎞ dy 1 x dy y
 sec 2 ⎜ ⎟ =  2  2
b ⎝ b ⎠ dx a x  y dx x  y 2
2
dy ⎡ 1 2 ⎛ y ⎞ x ⎤ 1 y
⎢ sec ⎜ ⎟  2 2 ⎥ =  2
dx ⎣ b ⎝b⎠ x y ⎦ a x  y2
dy b ( x 2  y 2  ay )
=
dx ⎧ y ⎫
a ⎨ ( x 2  y 2 ) sec 2  bx ⎬
⎩ b ⎭
d 2y
23. If x = a (cos t + t sint) and y = a (sin t – tcost), find .
dx 2
Sol. Given, x = a (cos t + t sin t)
y = a (sin t – t cos t)
dx
 = a (– sin t + (t cos t + sin t)) = a t cos t
dt
dy
= a (cos t – (t (–sin t) + cos t)) = at sin t
dt
dy
dy dt
 = dx = tan t.
dx
dt
Differentiating again w.r.t. x, we get
d 2y d d dt sec 2 t sec 3 t
= (tan t ) = (tan t ) = =
dx 2 dx dt dx at cos t at

The result is valid for all real t except 0 and odd multiple of .
2
dy cos2 (a  y )
24. If cos y = x cos (a + y), with cos a –1, prove that 
dx sin a
Sol. cos y = x cos (a + y)
cos y
x = cos (a  y )
dx  sin y cos (a  y )  cos y sin (a  y )

=
dy cos2 (a  y )
dx sin a
=
dy cos2 (a  y )
dy cos2 (a  y )
 =
dx sin a
25. Verify mean value theorem, if f(x) = x3 – 5x2 – 3x in the interval [a, b], where a = 1 and b = 3. Find all
c (1, 3) for which f(c) = 0.
Sol. f(x) = x3 – 5x2 – 3x in the interval [1, 3]. The function is continuous in [1, 3] and differentiable in (1, 3) as its
derivative f(x) = 3x2 – 10x – 3 is defined in (1, 3)
Now, f(1) = 13 – 5(1)2 – 3(1)
= –7
f(3) = 33 – 5(3)2 – 3(3)
= –27
f ( b )  f (a ) 27  ( 7) 20
Hence, = =  = – 10.
ba 3 1 2
LMVT states that, there is a point c (1, 3)
such that f(c) = –10
But f(x) = 3x2 – 10x – 3
which implies 3c2 – 10c – 3 = –10
3c2 – 10c + 7 = 0
(3c – 7) (c – 1) = 0
7
c = or 1.
3
7
Here c  is the only value to be considered.
3
7
So, we can conclude that at least one c ie. c  satisfies the condition of LMVT.
3
1 x d 2y dy
26. If y  ea cos , 1  x  1 , show that (1  x 2 ) x  a2 y  0 .
dx 2 dx
1 x
Sol. Given y  ea cos , 1  x  1
dy a cos1 x a
 = e 
dx 1 x2
dy ay
=
dx 1 x2
dy
1 x2 = –ay
dx
Differentiating w.r.t. x, we get
d 2 y dy 2 x dy
1 x2   a
dx 2 dx 2 1  x 2 dx
d 2y x dy a ( ay )
or 1 x2  
dx 2 1 x 2 dx 1 x2
Multiplying throughout by 1 x2
d 2y dy
(1  x 2 ) 2
x  a2 y  0
dx dx


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Chapter 5

Continuity and Differentiability

 function f(x) is continuous at x < 0.

Case II : If a = 0, f(0) = 2(0) + 1 = 1

lim f ( x )  lim 2(0)  1  1

lim f ( x )  lim 2(0)  1  1

 The function f(x) is discontinuous at x = 0.

 lim f ( x )  lim (2 x  1)  lim 2a  1

Thus, f(x) is continuous at all points except at x = 0.

6. Test the continuity of the given function at x = 3.

 The function is not continous at x = a.

Short Answer Type Questions :

dy ( 2)[ 2cos x sin x ]

  , then prove that dydx 

13. Differentiate f(x) w.r.t. x.

Sol. Given, y = tan

17. Differentiate w.r.t. x

Sol. Given y  cos1 2x  2cos1 1  4 x 2

y = cos–1 cos  + 2 cos–1 sin 

20. Differentiate x x sin1 x , where 0 < x < 1 w.r.t. x.

Taking logarithm, we get

log y  x log x  log sin1 x

log f(x) = (2  3 x ) log(3  x )  log(1  x )

24. If x = a sin 2t (1 + cos 2t)

Sol. Given, x = a sin 2t (1 + cos 2t)

dy 2b sin 2t  2b sin 4t

dy ⎛ b ⎞ ⎡ sin 4t  sin 2t ⎤ ⎛b⎞ ⎡ 2 cos 3t sin t ⎤ ⎛b⎞

Sol. Given, y  sin (2 sin1 x )

 y = sin1  sin  cos   cos  sin  

Sol. Consider f ( x )  x 2  4 in [2, 4]

Sol. If y = xx  log y = x log x

Long Answer Type Questions :

dy 1 ⎡ 2 sin x cos x  sec 2 x ⎤

Sol. Given, y x 2  1  log( 1  x 2  x )

dy 1 ( 2 cos x sin x ) 1 2e2 x

Put, x2 = cos t, we get

38. Differentiate w.r.t. x

Sol. y  x cos x  sin x tan x  (sin x )x

Let u = xcos x; v = (sin x)tan x; w = (sin x)x

40. If y = log (1+ cos x)

d 2y (  cos x ) (1  cos x )  (  sin x ) (  sin x )

 cos x  cos2 x  sin2 x

41. Verify Rolle’s theorem for

the derivative of f(x) w.r.t. x.

 lim f ( x ) = lim (1 1  3) = |a| + 3 = f(a)

= f(x) is continuous at x = a where a < –3.

lim f ( x ) = lim (| x |  3) = lim (  x  3) = –(–3) + 3 = 6

lim f ( x ) = lim ( 2 x ) = (–2) (–3) = 6

 lim f ( x ) = lim f ( x )  f ( 3)  6

lim f ( x ) = lim ( 2x )

and lim f ( x ) = lim (6 x  2)

4. Evaluate f(x) when f(x) = 10x + x10 + 10x.

If lim f ( x )  f (0)  lim f ( x )

i.e., if lim  ( x 2  2 x )   (02  2  0)  lim (4 x  1)

⎧ sin x  cos x , if x0

 lim f ( x ) = lim (sin x  cos x )

= sin a – cos a = f(a)

Case II : If a = 0 if f(a) = f(0) = –1

and lim f ( x ) = lim (sin x  cos x )

 f(x) is continuous at x = a where a = 0.

For what value of a, is ‘f(x)’ continuous at x = 0?

 f(x) is continuous at x = 0 only if a = 8.