past perfect tense digunakan untuk menghubungkan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau

sebelumnya dengan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau setelahnya, sedangkan present
perfect tense digunakan untuk menghubungkan waktu lampau dengan waktu sekarang/present.

perbedaan present perfect tense and past perfect tense with the formula 16
tense

November 08, 2012

Rumus-rumus 16 tenses

A. PRESENT TENSE
1. Simple present tense (sekarang )
a. Nominal sentence
(+) S + To be ( am, is, are)+ KB/KS/KK/KD
(-) S + To be+ not + KB/KS/KK/KD
(?) To be+ S + KB/KS/KK/KD
Yes , S + to be
No, S + to be + not

b. Verbal sentence
(+) S + V 1 s/es + Object ( O)
(-) S + do not/ does not + V1 + O
(?) Do/Does + S + V1 + O
Yes, S + do/ does
No, S + do not/ does not

2. Present continuous tense (sedang skrg)

(+) S + To be ( is, am, are)+ v-ing+ O
(-) S + To be + not + V- ing + O
(?) To be + S + V-ing + O
Yes, S + To be
No, S + To be + not

3. Present perfect tense ( sudah)

a. Nominal sentence
(+) S + have/has + been + KB/KS/KD
(-) S + have/has+ not + been + KB/KS
(?) Have/Has + S + been + KB/KS/KD
Yes, S + have/ has
No, S + have/ has + not

b. Verbal sentence
(+) S + have/Has + V3 + O
(-) S + have/ has + not + V3 +O
(?) Have/Has + S + V3 + O
Yes, S + have/has
No, S + have/ has + not
4. Present perfect continuous tense ( sudah sedang sekarang )
(+) S + have/has + been + V-ing + O
(-) S + have/has +not+ been+ V-ing+ O
(?) Have/Has + S + been + V-ing + O
Yes, S + have/ has
No, S + have/ has + not

B. PAST TENSE
1. Simple past tense ( telah )
a. Nominal sentence
(+) S + To be ( was, were )+ KB/KS/KK/KD
(-) S + To be+ not + KB/KS/KK/KD
(?) To be+ S + KB/KS/KK/KD
Yes , S + to be
No, S + to be + not

b. Verbal sentence
(+) S + V 1 s/es + Object ( O)
(-) S + did not + V1 + O
(?) Did + S + V1 + O
Yes, S + did
No, S + did not

2. Past continuous tense (telah sedang)

(+) S + To be ( was, were)+ v-ing+ O
(-) S + To be + not + V- ing + O
(?) To be + S + V-ing + O
Yes, S + To be
No, S + To be + not

3. Past perfect tense ( telah sudah)

a. Nominal sentence
(+) S + had + been + KB/KS/KD
(-) S + had+ not + been + KB/KS
(?) Had+ S + been + KB/KS/KD
Yes, S + had
No, S + had+ not

b. Verbal sentence
(+) S + had + V3 + O
(-) S + had + not + V3 +O
(?) Had + S + V3 + O
Yes, S + had
No, S + had + not

4. Past perfect continuous tense (telah sudah sedang )

(+) S + had+ been + V-ing + O
(-) S + had +not+ been+ V-ing+ O
(?) Had + S + been + V-ing + O
Yes, S + had
No, S + had + not

C. FUTURE TENSE
1. Simple future tense (akan)
a. Nominal sentence
(+) S + will + be + KB/KS/KK/KD
(-) S + will+ not+ be++ KB/KS/KK/KD
(?) Will + S + be+ KB/KS/KK/KD
Yes , S + will
No, S + will + not

b. Verbal sentence
(+) S + will +V 1+ Object ( O)
(-) S + will not + V1 + O
(?) Will + S + V1 + O
Yes, S + will
No, S + will not

2. Future continuous tense (akan sedang)

(+) S + will + be + v-ing+ O
(-) S + will not +be + V- ing + O
(?) Will + S+ be + V-ing + O
Yes, S + will
No, S + will + not

3. Future perfect tense (akan sudah)

a. Nominal sentence
(+) S +will+ have + been + KB/KS/KD
(-) S + will+have + been + KB/KS
(?)Will +S +have + been + KB/KS/KD
Yes, S + will
No, S + will + not

b. Verbal sentence
(+) S +will+ have + V3 + O
(-) S +will + not+ have + V3 +O
(?) Will + S +Have + V3 + O
Yes, S + will
No, S + will + not
4. Future perfect continuous tense (akan sudah sedang)
(+) S + will + have + been + V-ing + O
(-) S + will + not +havet+ been+ V-ing+ O
(?Will + S+ have + been + V-ing + O
Yes, S + will
No, S + will + not

D. PAST FUTURE TENSE

1. Simple past future tense 
a. Nominal sentence
(+) S + would + be + KB/KS/KK/KD
(-) S + would+ not+ be+ KB/KS/KK/KD
(?) Would + S + be+ KB/KS/KK/KD
Yes , S + would
No, S + would + not

b. Verbal sentence
(+) S + would +V 1+ Object ( O)
(-) S + would not + V1 + O
(?)Would + S + V1 + O
Yes, S + would
No, S + would not

2. Past future continuous tense

(+) S + Would + Be + V-Ing+ O
(-) S + Would Not +Be + V- Ing + O
(?) Would + S+ Be + V-Ing + O
Yes, S + Would
No, S + Would + Not

3. Past future perfect tense

a. Nominal sentence
(+) S + Would + Have + Been +KB/KS/KD
(-) S + Would +Have + Been KB/KS
(?)Would +S +Have + Been + KB/KS/KD
Yes, S + Would
No, S + Would + Not

b. Verbal sentence
(+) S + Would + Have + V3 + O
(-) S + Would + Not+ Have + V3 +O
(?) Would + S +Have + V3 + O
Yes, S + Would
No, S + Would + Not

4. Past future perfect continuous tense

(+) S + Would + Have + Been + V-Ing + O
(-) S +Would + Not +Have+ Been+ V-Ing+ O
(?) Would + S+ Have + Been + V-Ing + O
Yes, S + Would
No, S + Would + Not

the different of present perfect tense and past perfect tense

Perbedaan PRESENT PERFECT TENSE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

Explanation The present perfect tense is used to talk
(penjelasan) about a past time, which has very strong
meaning for the present. (present perfect
tensedigunakan untuk berbicara tentangw
aktu di masa lalu, yang memilikiarti yang
sangat kuat untuk saatini).
Formula Verb = S + have/has + v3 + O
(rumus) Adjective = S + have/has + been + adj
Example Riri has seen rainbow
The simple past tense is used to talk about actions that
happened at a specific time in the past. You state
when it happened using a time adverb.( Simple past
tense digunakan untuk membicarakan tindakan yang
terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa
lalu. Kamu menyatakan ketika itu terjadi
menggunakan keterangan waktu).
Verb = S + v2 + O
Adjective = S + to be (was/were) + adj
Riri saw rainbow yesterday
(contoh) (besides informing riri activity (when the
sentence is pronounced) is also an
explanation that riri has seen a rainbow.
Activity that occurs when the sentence is
pronounced and has finished on the spot).
(selain menginformasikan aktifitas riri
(saat kalimat diucapkan) juga ada
penjelasan bahwa riri sudah melihat
pelangi. Aktifitas itu terjadi saat kalimat
diucapkan dan sudah selesai saat itu
juga).
Time synal Not followed by a
(keterangan description thatstates the time when the
waktu) eventscompletion.
(tidak diikuti dengan keterangan waktu
yang menyatakan kapan kejadian tersebut
selesainya).
(only gives information on what activities are done
riri. There is not explained whether riri already
completed or still see the rainbow. Activities that
occur before sentence is pronounced (this morning,
last night, yesterday, etc).
(hanya memberi informasi aktifitas apa yang
dilakukan riri. Disana tidak dijelaskan apakah riri
sudah selesai atau masih melihat pelangi. Aktifitas itu
terjadi sebelum kalimat diucapkan (tadi pagi,
semalam, kemarin, dll)
Followed by a description of timestating that the
incident occurred at a time when past (for
example, lastweek, last year, yesterday, thismorning, e
tc.).
(diikuti oleh keterangan waktu yang menyatakan
bahwa kejadian tersebut terjadi diwaktu lampau
(misalnya,last week,last year,yesterday,this
morning,dll).