By Jaza Abdullah

Outlines
• Definition & History
• Computer software categories
– Microsoft TechNet and Asset Inventory Services (AIS).
– The GNU Project.

• Software Design Life Cycle SDLC

• Software's in KRG
 Definition
• Software: is any set of machine-readable
instructions that directs a computer's
processor to perform specific operations.
How does it works?
 History
An algorithm for what would have
been the first piece of software was
written by Ada Lovelace in the 19th
century, for the planned analytical
engine. However, neither the
analytical engine nor any software for
it were ever created.

Ada King, Countess of Lovelace, 1840

Born The Hon. Augusta Ada Byron
10 December 1815
London, England
Died 27 November 1852 (aged 36)
Marylebone, London, England
 History
The first theory about software
was proposed by Alan Turing -1935

Turing is widely considered to be

the father of theoretical computer
science and artificial intelligence.

Turing in 1951, three years before

his death
This eventually led to the creation
Bor Alan Mathison Turing
of the twin academic fields of n 23 June 1912
Maida Vale, London,
computer science and software England
engineering Died 7 June 1954 (aged 41)
Wilmslow, Cheshire,
England
 History
• prior to 1946, software as we now understand
it - did not yet exist.

• The very first electronic computing devices

were instead rewired in order to "reprogram"
them.
 History
• Manchester Small-Scale Experimental
Machine (SSEM)
Called Baby, was the world's first stored-
program computer. It was built at the Victoria
University of Manchester ran its first program on
21 June 1948.
 Forms of Software

Source Code Binary Form

 Computer software categories
• The concept of software categories is a
challenging topic, and with the continuous
development of new software it is becoming
increasingly difficult to categorize new
software.
 Two Major Category
1. Microsoft TechNet and Asset Inventory
Services (AIS) has broken down software into
seven major categories along with 40 minor
categories.

2. The GNU Project has created its own list of

Software based upon the Linux OS.
 Microsoft TechNet and AIS
Software categories
 Platform and management
includes desktop and network infrastructure and
management software that allows users to control
the computer operating environment, hardware
components and peripherals, and infrastructure
services and security.

 Education and reference

includes educational software that does not contain
resources, such as training or help files for a specific
application.
 Microsoft TechNet and AIS
Software categories
 Home and entertainment
Applications designed primarily for use in or for the
home, or for entertainment, video games.

 Content and communications

include common applications for productivity,
content creation, and communications. These
typically include office productivity
suites, multimedia players, file viewers, Web
browsers, and collaboration tools.
 Microsoft TechNet and AIS
Software categories
• Operations and professional
Used for specific job titles; contains applications
designed for business uses such as enterprise
resource management, customer relations
management, supply chain and
manufacturing tasks,.
• Product manufacturing and service delivery
Product manufacturing and service delivery
applications help users create products or deliver
services in specific industries
 GNU ("GNU's Not Unix!")
category
• Free software: is a software that comes with permission for anyone
to use, copy, and/or distribute, either verbatim or with
modifications for a fee.

• Open source software: is a software that is available free of charge

(not all times). It can be used and distributed at any point, the
source code is open and can be modified as required.

• The one condition with this type of software is that when changes
are made users should make these changes known to others.

• One of the key characteristics of open source software is that it is

the shared intellectual property of all developers and users.
 GNU ("GNU's Not Unix!") category
• Copylefted: software is free software
whose distribution terms ensure that all
copies of all versions carry more or less
the same distribution terms.
 GNU ("GNU's Not Unix!")
category
• Noncopylefted free software: comes from the
author with permission to redistribute and modify,
and also to add additional restrictions to it.
• If a program is free but not copylefted, then some
copies or modified versions may not be free at all
 GNU ("GNU's Not Unix!") category

• Shareware: is software which comes with

permission for people to redistribute copies.
• anyone who continues to use a copy is required to
pay a license fee.
• Shareware is not free software, or even semifree.
• There are two reasons it is not:
– For most shareware, source code is not available.
– Shareware does not come with permission to make a
copy and install it without paying a license fee.
 GNU ("GNU's Not Unix!") category

• Freeware: Like shareware, freeware is software

you can download, pass around, and distribute
without any initial payment.
• the great part about freeware is that you never
have to pay for it.
• No 30 day limit, no demo versions, no disabled
features—it's totally free.
 Software Design Life Cycle

There are various software development

approaches defined and designed which are
used/employed during development process of
software, these approaches are also referred
as
“Software Development Process Models”
(e.g. Waterfall model, incremental model, V-
model, iterative model, etc.).
Each process model follows a particular life
cycle in order to ensure success in process of
software development.
 Software Design Life Cycle
• Genaraly, There are following six phases in every
Software development life cycle model:

1. Requirement gathering and analysis

2. Design
3. Implementation or coding
4. Testing
5. Deployment
6. Maintenance
 Software Design Life Cycle
• 1) Requirement gathering and analysis: Business
requirements are gathered in this phase. This
phase is the main focus of the project managers
and stake holders.
• 2) Design: In this phase the system and software
design is prepared from the requirement
specifications which were studied in the first
phase.
• System Design helps in specifying hardware and
system requirements and also helps in defining
overall system architecture.
 Software Design Life Cycle
• 3) Implementation / Coding: On receiving system
design documents, the work is divided in
modules/units and actual coding is started. Since,
in this phase the code is produced so it is the
main focus for the developer. This is the longest
phase of the SDLC.

• 4) Testing: After the code is developed it is tested

against the requirements to make sure that the
product is actually solving the needs addressed
and gathered during the requirements phase.
 Software Design Life Cycle
• 5) Deployment: After successful testing the
product is delivered / deployed to the
customer for their use.
• 6) Maintenance: Once when the customers
starts using the developed system then the
actual problems comes up and needs to be
solved from time to time. This process where
the care is taken for the developed product is
known as maintenance.
 Software's in KRG
• Couldn’t find any statistic.
– No researches found.
• Most of government organization and businesses run
by paper based system.
• Poor quality of locally developed software.
– Lack of proficiency.
– Low demand – low price.
– Low quality Network infrastructure and
telecommunication.
Customer

Project leader
 Engineer

Programmer
Samples of local Software
Samples of local Software
Samples of local Software
Samples of local Software
 My Works on Android

FB
Webkoo Kash Lailaia
downloader
The End