THEORY OF STRUCTURES

BEAM DEFLECTION BY DOUBLE INTEGRATION METHOD

CE131P-2 MAPUA UNIVERSITY

SCHOOL OF CIVIL, ENVIRONMENTAL AND GEOLOGICAL ENGINEERING
Beam Deflection
• A beam subjected to a load tends
to bend or deflect.
• This deflection is often expressed
in terms of its original position
without the load.
• The deflection is measured from
original neutral surface of the
beam to the neutral surface of the
deformed beam.

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Double Integration Method
The formula is given by:

Where:
E = Modulus of Elasticity
I = Moment of Inertia about the neutral axis
y = Deflection of the beam at any distance x
M = Bending moment at a distance x from the end of the beam

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Double Integration Method

• The first integration of the equation, yields the slope of the

elastic curve
• The second integration of the equation, y, yields the deflection
of the beam at any given distance x.
• EI is also known as the flexural rigidity of the beam.

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 1
Problem: Compute the value of EIδ at midspan for the beam
loaded as shown. If E = 10 GPa, what value of I is required to limit
the midspan deflection to 1/360 of the span?

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 1 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the value of EIδ at midspan for the beam loaded as
shown. If E = 10 GPa, what value of I is required to limit the midspan
deflection to 1/360 of the span?
Step 1: Solve for the Reactions
𝑹𝟐
𝟏
𝟏

𝒗
𝟏 𝟐
𝟐
𝟐

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 1 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the value of EIδ at midspan for the beam loaded as
shown. If E = 10 GPa, what value of I is required to limit the midspan
deflection to 1/360 of the span?
Step 2: Setup the Equation

can be written as
Thus,

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 1 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the value of EIδ at midspan for the beam loaded as
shown. If E = 10 GPa, what value of I is required to limit the midspan
deflection to 1/360 of the span?
Step 3: Integrate

E and I are constants, thus the first integration yields:

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 1 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the value of EIδ at midspan for the beam loaded as
shown. If E = 10 GPa, what value of I is required to limit the midspan
deflection to 1/360 of the span?
Step 3: Integrate

The second integration yields:

(Eqn. 3)

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 1 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the value of EIδ at midspan for the beam loaded as
shown. If E = 10 GPa, what value of I is required to limit the midspan
deflection to 1/360 of the span?
Step 4: Determine the constants C1 and C2
There is no deflection at the supports R1 and R2. Thus, at those
points in the beam, we can let x=0, y=0; and x=4, y=0 respectively.
At x=0, y=0; C2=0

Let x=4, y=0:

𝐸𝐼(0) = 75 4 − 12.5 4 + 12.5 4 − 2 + C (4)
𝐶 = −450
The equation becomes:
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 75𝑥 − 12.5𝑥 + 12.5 𝑥 − 2 − 450𝑥 (eqn. 4)

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 1 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the value of EIδ at midspan for the beam loaded as
shown. If E = 10 GPa, what value of I is required to limit the midspan
deflection to 1/360 of the span?
Step 5: Determine EIδ at the midspan
δ is the distance deflected by the beam.
At the midspan, x = 2. Substituting this to Equation (4).

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 75𝑥 − 12.5𝑥 + 12.5 𝑥 − 2 − 450𝑥

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 75 2 − 12.5 2 + 12.5 2 − 2 − 450 2
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = −500 𝑁𝑚

The value is negative because it lies below the x axis.

Therefore,

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 1 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the value of EIδ at midspan for the beam loaded as
shown. If E = 10 GPa, what value of I is required to limit the midspan
deflection to 1/360 of the span?
Step 6: Determine the value of I
The midspan deflection must be 1/360 of the span. Thus,
𝛿 = 𝐿
Since L = 4,
𝛿 = 𝑚

Substituting the known values to Equation (4),

𝐸𝐼𝛿 = 500 𝑁𝑚

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 2
Problem: Compute the midspan value of EI δ for the beam loaded
as shown in the figure.

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
R =1050N

Example 2 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the midspan value of EI δ for the beam loaded as
shown in the figure.

Step 1: Solve for the Reactions

𝑹𝟐
6 𝟏

𝑹𝟏
6 𝟐

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 2 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the midspan value of EI δ for the beam loaded as
shown in the figure.

Step 2: Setup the Equation

can be written as

Thus,

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 2 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the midspan value of EI δ for the beam loaded as
shown in the figure.

Step 3: Integrate

The first integration yields:

Example 2 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the midspan value of EI δ for the beam loaded as shown in
the figure.

Step 3: Integrate

The second integration yields:

(Eqn. 3)

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 2 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the midspan value of EI δ for the beam loaded as
shown in the figure.

Step 4: Determine the constants C1 and C2

We can let x=0, y=0; and x=6, y=0 respectively.
At x=0, y=0; C2=0

Let x=6, y=0:

𝐸𝐼(0) = 175 6 − 25 6 − 1 + 25 6 − 4 + C (6)
𝐶 = −3762.5 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚

The equation becomes:

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 175𝑥 − 25(𝑥 − 1) + 25 𝑥 − 4 − 3762.5𝑥

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 2 (Solution)
Problem: Compute the midspan value of EI δ for the beam loaded as
shown in the figure.

Step 5: Determine EI δ at the midspan

At the midspan, x = 3. Substituting this to Equation (4).

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 175𝑥 − 25(𝑥 − 1) + 25 𝑥 − 4 − 3762.5𝑥

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 175 3 − 25 3 − 1 − 3762.5 3
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = −6962.5 𝑁 ⋅ 𝑚

The value is negative because it lies below the x axis.

Therefore, 𝒎𝒊𝒅𝒔𝒑𝒂𝒏
𝟑

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 3
Problem: If E = 29 × 106 psi, what value of I is required to limit the
midspan deflection to 1/360 of the span for the beam in the figure below?

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 3 (Solution)
Problem: If E = 29 × 106 psi, what value of I is required to limit the
midspan deflection to 1/360 of the span for the beam in the figure below?
Step 1: Solve for the reactions

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 3 (Solution)
Problem: If E = 29 × 106 psi, what value of I is required to limit the
midspan deflection to 1/360 of the span for the beam in the figure below?
Step 2: Setup the equation
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 𝑀(𝑥)

1 1
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 6000𝑥 − 2400 𝑥 − 4 + 2400 𝑥 − 10
2 2

𝟐 𝟐
𝑬𝑰𝒚 = 𝟔𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒙 − 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒙 − 𝟒 + 𝟏𝟐𝟎𝟎 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 3 (Solution)
Problem: If E = 29 × 106 psi, what value of I is required to limit the
midspan deflection to 1/360 of the span for the beam in the figure below?
Step 3: Integrate
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 6000𝑥 − 1200 𝑥 − 4 + 1200 𝑥 − 10

𝐸𝐼𝑦′ = 3000𝑥 − 400 𝑥 − 4 + 400 𝑥 − 10 +𝐶

𝑬𝑰𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒙 − 𝟒 𝟒

+ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎 𝟒
+ 𝑪𝟏 𝒙 + 𝑪𝟐

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 3 (Solution)
Problem: If E = 29 × 106 psi, what value of I is required to limit the
midspan deflection to 1/360 of the span for the beam in the figure below?
Step 4: Determine constants
𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 1000𝑥 − 100 𝑥 − 4 + 100 𝑥 − 10 +𝐶 𝑥+𝐶

At x=0, y=0: 𝑪𝟐 = 𝟎

At x=12, y=0
𝐸𝐼(0) = 1000(12) −100 12 − 4 + 100 12 − 10 + 𝐶 (12)
𝑪𝟏 = −𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎 𝒍𝒃 𝒇𝒕

∴ 𝑬𝑰𝒚 = 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒙𝟑 − 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒙 − 𝟒 𝟒

+ 𝟏𝟎𝟎 𝒙 − 𝟏𝟎 𝟒
− 𝟏𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒙

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
Example 3 (Solution)
Problem: If E = 29 × 106 psi, what value of I is required to limit the
midspan deflection to 1/360 of the span for the beam in the figure below?
Step 5: Solve for I
At midspan x=6 ft
1 1 2
𝑦 = − (12) = − 𝑓𝑡 = − 𝑖𝑛
360 30 5

𝐸𝐼𝑦 = 1000𝑥 − 100 𝑥 − 4 + 100 𝑥 − 10 − 110000𝑥

2
29 × 10 𝐼 − = 1000 6 − 100 6 − 4 + 100 6 − 10 − 110000 6 12
5

𝑰 = 𝟔𝟐. 𝟓𝟕 𝒊𝒏𝟒

THEORY OF STRUCTURES
END OF LECTURE
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THEORY OF STRUCTURES