Module 3 Axisymmetric Problems 4th Sem MOM (ME181405) Under ASTU - Part II

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
JORHAT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, JORHAT-785 007, ASSAM
𝑭𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝟑. 𝟗: Stress distribution in a compound cylinder
Module 3: Axisymmetric Problems Page 41

3.3 Rotating Disc with Constant Thickness:
Rotating disc is another example of axisymmetric stress distribution.
Let us consider an annular circular disc of internal and external radii 𝑟𝑖 and 𝑟0 to be rotating
with constant angular velocity 𝜔 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠 about an axis which is perpendicular to the plane of
the disc. Cylindrical coordinates (𝑟, 𝜃, 𝑧) will be employing to analyze the stresses developed
in the disc.
Here 𝑧-axis is considered to be the axis of rotation. Therefore, stress distribution in the disc is
two-dimensional, that is, function of (𝑟, 𝜃).
𝑭𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝟑. 𝟏𝟎: (a) Differential element on a rotating disc of constant thickness

(b) Free-body diagram of the differential element
𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 3.10 shows the forces acting on a differentially small element 𝑎𝑏𝑐𝑑 along with a
small centrifugal force, 𝑑𝐹𝑐 acting on it, which is given by
𝑑𝐹𝑐 = 𝜌(𝑟𝑑𝜃. 𝑡. 𝑑𝑟)(𝜔2 𝑟)
Where,
𝜌 = Density of the disc material, which is constant for homogeneous materials
𝑡 = Thickness of the disc in 𝑧-direction
Thus,
𝑑𝐹𝑐 = (𝜌𝑡𝜔2 )(𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃)
For a thin disc, it may be assumed that the stress in the axial direction is zero.
For an element of the disc, let
𝜎𝑟 = radial stress at the inner face at radius 𝑟 of the element

𝜎𝑟 + 𝑑𝜎𝑟 = radial stress at the outer face at radius (𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟) of the element
𝜎𝜃 = circumferential (hoop) stress on the radial faces
As the disc rotates, let 𝑢 be the radial displacement at an unstrained radius 𝑟. i.e. 𝑟 becomes
𝑟 + 𝑢 after straining.
Similarly, 𝑢 + 𝑑𝑢 be the radial displacement at an unstrained radius 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟.
Now, radial strain
𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑑𝑟
∈𝑟 =
𝑑𝑟
1 (𝑢 + 𝑑𝑢) − 𝑢
⇒ (𝜎𝑟 − 𝜈𝜎𝜃 ) =
𝐸 𝑑𝑟
𝒅𝒖
∴ 𝝈𝒓 − 𝝂𝝈𝜽 = 𝑬 … (𝟑. 𝟑𝟐)
𝒅𝒓
Where, 𝜈 = Poisson’s ratio
Again, circumferential or hoop strain
𝐼𝑛𝑐𝑟𝑒𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑖𝑛 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
∈𝜃 =
𝑂𝑟𝑖𝑔𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑖𝑟𝑐𝑢𝑚𝑓𝑒𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑐𝑒
1 {2𝜋(𝑟 + 𝑢)} − 2𝜋𝑟

⇒ (𝜎𝜃 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟 ) =
𝐸 2𝜋𝑟
𝑢
∴ 𝜎𝜃 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟 = 𝐸
𝑟
⇒ 𝐸𝑢 = 𝑟(𝜎𝜃 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟 )
Differentiating w.r.t. 𝑟
𝒅𝒖 𝒅𝝈𝜽 𝒅𝝈𝒓
𝑬 = 𝒓( −𝝂 ) + (𝝈𝜽 − 𝝂𝝈𝒓 ) … (𝟑. 𝟑𝟑)
𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝒓
From Equation (3.32) and (3.33)
𝑑𝜎𝜃 𝑑𝜎𝑟
𝜎𝑟 − 𝜈𝜎𝜃 = 𝑟 ( −𝜈 ) + (𝜎𝜃 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟 )
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
⇒ (1 + 𝜈)𝜎𝑟 − (1 + 𝜈)𝜎𝜃 = 𝑟 ( −𝜈 )
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
⇒ (1 + 𝜈)(𝜎𝑟 − 𝜎𝜃 ) = 𝑟 ( −𝜈 )
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟

𝒓 𝒅𝝈𝜽 𝒅𝝈𝒓
∴ 𝝈𝒓 − 𝝈𝜽 = ( −𝝂 ) … (𝟑. 𝟑𝟒)
𝟏 + 𝝂 𝒅𝒓 𝒅𝒓
Now, balancing the forces in the radial direction, 𝑟, we get
(𝜎𝑟 + 𝑑𝜎𝑟 )(𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟)𝑑𝜃. 𝑡 − 𝜎𝑟 (𝑟𝑑𝜃). 𝑡 + 𝑑𝐹𝑐 − 𝜎𝜃 (𝑑𝑟. 𝑡) sin 𝑑𝜃 = 0
⇒ (𝜎𝑟 + 𝑑𝜎𝑟 )(𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟)𝑑𝜃. 𝑡 − 𝜎𝑟 (𝑟𝑑𝜃). 𝑡 + (𝜌𝑡𝜔2 )(𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃) − 𝜎𝜃 (𝑑𝑟. 𝑡)𝑑𝜃 = 0
[𝐴𝑠 𝑑𝜃 𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙]
Dividing by (𝑡. 𝑑𝜃)
⇒ (𝜎𝑟 𝑟 + 𝜎𝑟 𝑑𝑟 + 𝑟𝑑𝜎𝑟 + 𝑑𝜎𝑟 𝑑𝑟) − 𝜎𝑟 𝑟 + 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟 − 𝜎𝜃 𝑑𝑟 = 0
Neglecting the product of small quantities, i.e. 𝑑𝜎𝑟 𝑑𝑟
𝑑(𝑟. 𝜎𝑟 ) + 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟 − 𝜎𝜃 𝑑𝑟 = 0
𝑑(𝑟. 𝜎𝑟 )
⇒ 𝜎𝜃 = + 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝜎𝑟
⇒ 𝜎𝜃 = 𝜎𝑟 + + 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2
𝑑𝑟
𝑑𝜎𝑟
⇒ 𝜎𝜃 − 𝜎𝑟 = + 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2
𝑑𝑟
𝒅𝝈𝒓
∴ 𝝈𝒓 − 𝝈𝜽 = − − 𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝒓𝟐 … (𝟑. 𝟑𝟓)
𝒅𝒓
From Equations (3.34) and (3.35)
𝑟 𝑑𝜎𝜃 𝑑𝜎𝑟 𝑟. 𝑑𝜎𝑟

( −𝜈 )=− − 𝜌𝑟 2 𝜔2
1 + 𝜈 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
1+𝜈
Multiplying by ( )
𝑟
𝑑𝜎𝜃 𝑑𝜎𝑟 𝑑𝜎𝑟 1+𝜈
−𝜈 + (1 + 𝜈) = −𝜌𝑟 2 𝜔2 .
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟 𝑟
⇒ + (−𝜈 + 1 + 𝜈) = −𝜌𝑟𝜔2 (1 + 𝜈)
𝑑𝑟 𝑑𝑟
𝑑
⇒ (𝜎 + 𝜎𝑟 ) = −(1 + 𝜈)𝜌𝑟𝜔2
𝑑𝑟 𝜃
Integrating w.r.t. 𝑟

𝑟2 2
𝜎𝑟 + 𝜎𝜃 = −(1 + 𝜈)𝜌𝜔 + 2𝐴
2
Where, 2𝐴 = integrating constant
𝟏
∴ 𝝈𝒓 + 𝝈𝜽 = − (𝟏 + 𝝂)𝝆𝒓𝟐 𝝎𝟐 + 𝟐𝑨 … (𝟑. 𝟑𝟔)
𝟐
Adding Equation (3.35) and Equation (3.36)
𝑑𝜎𝑟 1
2𝜎𝑟 + 𝑟. + 𝜌𝑟 2 𝜔2 = − (1 + 𝜈)𝜌𝑟 2 𝜔2 + 2𝐴
𝑑𝑟 2
𝑑𝜎𝑟 1+𝜈
⇒ (2𝜎𝑟 + 𝑟. ) = (− − 1) 𝜌𝑟 2 𝜔2 + 2𝐴
𝑑𝑟 2
1 𝑑(𝑟 2 . 𝜎𝑟 ) 3+𝜈 2 2
⇒ . =− 𝜌𝑟 𝜔 + 2𝐴
𝑟 𝑑𝑟 2
𝑑(𝑟 2 . 𝜎𝑟 ) 3+𝜈 3 2
⇒ =− 𝜌𝑟 𝜔 + 2𝐴𝑟
𝑑𝑟 2
Integrating w.r.t. 𝑟
3+𝜈 4 2
𝑟 2 . 𝜎𝑟 = − 𝜌𝑟 𝜔 + 𝐴𝑟 2 − 𝐵
8
Where, 𝐵 = another integrating constant
𝑩 𝟑+𝝂 𝟐 𝟐
∴ 𝝈𝒓 = 𝑨 − − 𝝆𝒓 𝝎 … (𝟑. 𝟑𝟕)
𝒓𝟐 𝟖
From Equation (3.36) [by inserting 𝜎𝑟 from Equation (3.37)]
𝐵 3+𝜈 2 2 1
𝐴− − 𝜌𝑟 𝜔 + 𝜎𝜃 = − (1 + 𝜈)𝜌𝑟 2 𝜔2 + 2𝐴
𝑟2 8 2
1 𝐵 3+𝜈 2 2
⇒ 𝜎𝜃 = − (1 + 𝜈)𝜌𝑟 2 𝜔2 + 𝐴 + 2 + 𝜌𝑟 𝜔
2 𝑟 8
𝐵 −4 − 4𝜈 + 3 + 𝜈 2 2
⇒ 𝜎𝜃 = 𝐴 + + 𝜌𝑟 𝜔
𝑟2 8
𝑩 𝟏 + 𝟑𝝂 𝟐 𝟐
∴ 𝝈𝜽 = 𝑨 + − 𝝆𝒓 𝝎 … (𝟑. 𝟑𝟖)
𝒓𝟐 𝟖
Equations (3.37) and (3.38) are the governing equation of a rotating disc of uniform
thickness

To evaluate the integrating constants 𝐴 and 𝐵 in Equations (3.37) and (3.38), boundary
conditions have to be set.
It is to be noted that, the geometry has two stress-free surfaces at 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑖 and 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑜 . That is
radial stresses are to be zero at 𝑟𝑖 and 𝑟𝑜 .
∴ 𝜎𝑟 (𝑟=𝑟 ) = 0
𝑖
𝐵 3+𝜈 2 2
∴𝐴− − 𝜌𝑟𝑖 𝜔 = 0 … (𝟑. 𝟑𝟗)
𝑟𝑖 2 8
And
𝜎𝑟 (𝑟=𝑟𝑜) = 0
𝐵 3+𝜈
⇒ 𝐴− − 𝜌𝑟𝑜 2 𝜔2 = 0
𝑟𝑜 2 8
𝐵 3+𝜈
∴ 𝐴= + 𝜌𝑟𝑜 2 𝜔2 … (𝟑. 𝟒𝟎)
𝑟𝑜 2 8
Substituting the value of 𝐴 from (3.40) to (3.39)
𝐵 3+𝜈 2 2
𝐵 3+𝜈 2 2
+ 𝜌𝑟𝑜 𝜔 − − 𝜌𝑟𝑖 𝜔 = 0
𝑟𝑜 2 8 𝑟𝑖 2 8
Multiplying by 𝑟𝑜 2 𝑟𝑖 2
3+𝜈 3+𝜈 4 2 2
𝐵𝑟𝑖 2 + 𝜌𝑟𝑜 4 𝑟𝑖 2 𝜔2 − 𝐵𝑟0 2 − 𝜌𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜 𝜔 = 0
8 8
3+𝜈 2 2 2 2
⇒ 𝐵(𝑟𝑖 2 − 𝑟𝑜 2 ) − 𝜌𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜 𝜔 (𝑟𝑖 − 𝑟𝑜 2 ) = 0
8
3+𝜈 2 2 2
⇒ 𝐵− 𝜌𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜 𝜔 = 0
8
𝟑+𝝂
∴ 𝑩= 𝝆𝒓𝒊 𝟐 𝒓𝒐 𝟐 𝝎𝟐 … (𝟑. 𝟒𝟏)
𝟖
From (𝑖)
3+𝜈 3+𝜈 2 2
𝐴− 𝜌𝑟𝑜 2 𝜔2 − 𝜌𝑟𝑖 𝜔 = 0
8 8
𝟑+𝝂
∴𝑨= 𝝆𝝎𝟐 (𝒓𝒊 𝟐 + 𝒓𝒐 𝟐 ) … (𝟑. 𝟒𝟐)
𝟖
By putting the values of 𝐴 & 𝐵 in (3.37)

3+𝜈 3+𝜈 2 2 2 3+𝜈 2 2

𝜎𝑟 = 𝜌𝜔2 (𝑟𝑖 2 + 𝑟𝑜 2 ) − 𝜌𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜 𝜔 − 𝜌𝑟 𝜔
8 8𝑟 2 8
3+𝜈 𝑟𝑖 2 𝑟𝑜 2
⇒ 𝜎𝑟 = ( ) 𝜌𝜔2 [𝑟𝑖 2 + 𝑟𝑜 2 − 2 − 𝑟 2 ]
8 𝑟
𝟑+𝝂 𝟐 𝟐
𝒓𝟐 − 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 𝒓𝒊 𝟐
∴ 𝝈𝒓 = ( ) 𝝆𝝎 𝒓𝒐 [𝟏 − − 𝟐] … (𝟑. 𝟒𝟑)
𝟖 𝒓𝒐 𝟐 𝒓
By putting the values of 𝐴 & 𝐵 in (3.38)
3+𝜈 3 + 𝜈 2 2 2 1 + 3𝜈 2 2
𝜎𝜃 = 𝜌𝜔2 (𝑟𝑖 2 + 𝑟𝑜 2 ) + 𝜌𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜 𝜔 − 𝜌𝑟 𝜔
8 8𝑟 2 8
3+𝜈 𝑟𝑖 2 𝑟𝑖 2 1 + 3𝜈 𝑟 2
𝜎𝜃 = ( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟𝑜 2 [(1 + 2 ) + ( 2 ) − ( . )]
8 𝑟𝑜 𝑟 3 + 𝜈 𝑟𝑜 2
𝟑+𝝂 (𝟑 + 𝝂)𝒓𝒊 𝟐 − (𝟏 + 𝟑𝝂)𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝒊 𝟐

∴ 𝝈𝜽 = ( ) 𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝒓𝒐 𝟐 [𝟏 + + 𝟐] … (𝟑. 𝟒𝟒)
𝟖 (𝟑 + 𝝂). 𝒓𝒐 𝟐 𝒓
Equations (3.43) and (3.44) give the stress fields of the disc.
If carefully observed the Equations (3.43) and (3.44), it is found that |𝜎𝑟 | < |𝜎𝜃 | throughout
the domain.
Again, radial displacement is given by
𝑢 = 𝑟 ∈𝜃
𝑟 1
= (𝜎 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟 ) [𝐴𝑠 ∈𝜃 = (𝜎 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟 )]
𝐸 𝜃 𝐸 𝜃
By putting the values of 𝜎𝑟 and 𝜎𝜃 from Equations (3.43) and (3.44), we have
𝑟 3+𝜈 (3 + 𝜈)𝑟𝑖 2 − (1 + 3𝜈)𝑟 2 𝑟𝑖 2 𝑟 2 − 𝑟𝑖 2 𝑟𝑖 2

𝑢= ( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟𝑜 2 [{1 + + } − 𝜈 {1 − − 2 }]
𝐸 8 (3 + 𝜈). 𝑟𝑜 2 𝑟2 𝑟𝑜 2 𝑟
𝟑+𝝂 (𝟑 + 𝝂)𝒓𝒊 𝟐 − (𝟏 + 𝟑𝝂)𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 𝒓𝟐 − 𝒓 𝒊 𝟐

∴𝒖= 𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝒓𝒐 𝟐 𝒓 [(𝟏 − 𝝂) + + (𝟏 + 𝝂) + 𝝂 ]
𝟖𝑬 (𝟑 + 𝝂). 𝒓𝒐 𝟐 𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝒐 𝟐
… (𝟑. 𝟒𝟓𝒂)
The above equation gives the radial displacement of any material point such as point ′𝑎′ in
the 𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 3.10(𝑎) at a distance 𝑟 from center of the disc.
The radial displacement at the inner radius, 𝑟𝑖 is given by

𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝒓𝒊
∴ 𝒖|𝒓=𝒓𝒊 = [(𝟑 + 𝝂). 𝒓𝒐 𝟐 + (𝟏 − 𝝂)𝒓𝒊 𝟐 ] … (𝟑. 𝟒𝟓𝒃)
𝟒𝑬
And, the radial displacement at the outer radius, 𝑟𝑜 is given by
(𝟑 + 𝝂)(𝟏 − 𝝂) (𝟏 + 𝝂) 𝟐 (𝟏 + 𝝂) 𝟐
∴ 𝒖|𝒓=𝒓𝒐 = 𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝒓𝒐 [𝒓𝒊 𝟐 + 𝒓𝒐 𝟐 − 𝒓 + 𝒓 ] … (𝟑. 𝟒𝟓𝒄)
𝟖𝑬 (𝟑 + 𝝂) 𝒐 (𝟏 − 𝝂) 𝒊
Maximum Stress:
From the equation (3.43),
𝟑+𝝂 𝟏 𝟏
𝝈𝒓 = ( ) 𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝒓𝒐 𝟐 (𝒓𝟐 − 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 ) [ 𝟐 − 𝟐 ] … (𝟑. 𝟒𝟔)
𝟖 𝒓 𝒓𝒐
Since, 𝑟𝑖 ≤ 𝑟 ≤ 𝑟𝑜 , therefore 𝜎𝑟 is always tensile in the domain.
To find (𝜎𝑟 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 , differentiating Equation (3.43) w.r.t. 𝑟 and equating to zero, i.e.
𝑑𝜎𝑟
=0
𝑑𝑟
3+𝜈 2 2
2𝑟 2𝑟𝑖 2
⇒( ) 𝜌𝜔 𝑟𝑜 [0 − 2 + 3 ] = 0
8 𝑟𝑜 𝑟
𝑟 𝑟𝑖 2
⇒ =
𝑟𝑜 2 𝑟 3
∴ 𝒓 = √𝒓𝒊 𝒓𝒐
Therefore, at radial location 𝑟 = √𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜 , 𝜎𝑟 is maximum because
𝑑 2 𝜎𝑟
<0 𝑎𝑡 𝑟 = √𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜
𝑑𝑟 2
Thus, from Equation (3.46)
(𝜎𝑟 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑟 |𝑟=√𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜
3+𝜈 1 1
=( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟𝑜 2 (𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜 − 𝑟𝑖 2 ) [ − 2]
8 𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜 𝑟𝑜
3+𝜈 1 1
=( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜 (𝑟𝑜 − 𝑟𝑖 ) [ − ]
8 𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜
3+𝜈
=( ) 𝜌𝜔2 (𝑟𝑜 − 𝑟𝑖 )2
8

𝟑+𝝂 𝒓𝒊 𝟐
∴ (𝝈𝒓 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 = ( ) 𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝒓𝒐 𝟐 (𝟏 − ) 𝒂𝒕 𝒓 = √𝒓𝒊 𝒓𝒐 … (𝟑. 𝟒𝟕)
𝟖 𝒓𝒐
Again, from Equation (3.44), it is clear that (𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 occurs at 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑖
Thus, from Equation (3.44)
(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑟 |𝑟=𝑟𝑖
3+𝜈 2 2
(3 + 𝜈)𝑟𝑖 2 − (1 + 3𝜈)𝑟𝑖 2 𝑟𝑖 2
=( ) 𝜌𝜔 𝑟𝑜 [1 + + 2]
8 (3 + 𝜈). 𝑟𝑜 2 𝑟𝑖
3+𝜈 2 2
2(1 − 𝜈)𝑟𝑖 2
=( ) 𝜌𝜔 𝑟𝑜 [2 + ]
8 (3 + 𝜈). 𝑟𝑜 2
𝟑+𝝂 𝟏 − 𝝂 𝒓𝒊 𝟐
∴ (𝝈𝜽 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 = ( ) 𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝒓𝒐 𝟐 [𝟏 + ( ) ] 𝒂𝒕 𝒓 = 𝒓𝒊 … (𝟑. 𝟒𝟖)
𝟒 𝟑 + 𝝂 𝒓𝒐 𝟐
𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 3.11 shows a typical non-dimensional radial plots of 𝜎𝑟 and 𝜎𝜃 as a function of 𝑟/𝑟𝑜
for a disc with 𝑟/𝑟𝑜 = 0.5 and 𝜈 = 0.30. Also, non-dimensional radial displacements are
shown in the figure. The stress non-dimensionalisation is done by dividing 𝜎𝑟 and 𝜎𝜃 by 𝜎 ′ as
shown in the figure itself.
𝑭𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝟑. 𝟏𝟏: Non-dimensional plot of stress and radial displacement in a rotating disc
Variation of stresses with radius
Solid disc:
Important observations:
1. To determine the stress distribution in a solid rotating disc of constant thickness, let us take
𝑟𝑖 = 0 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑜 = 𝑎 (𝑠𝑎𝑦)
To avoid undefined stress distribution at 𝑟 = 0, it is to be set integrating constant, 𝐵 = 0 in

the Equations (3.37) and (3.38)
Thus, we get, 𝜎𝑟 = 0 at 𝑟 = 𝑎
𝑖. 𝑒. 𝜎𝑟 |𝑟=𝑎 = 0
3+𝜈 2 2
𝑂𝑟, 𝐴− 𝜌𝑎 𝜔 = 0 [𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝑒𝑞. (3.37)]
8
3+𝜈 2 2
𝑂𝑟, 𝐴= 𝜌𝑎 𝜔
8
Therefore, from Equation (3.37)
3+𝜈 2 2 3+𝜈 2 2
∴ 𝜎𝑟 = 𝜌𝑅 𝜔 − 𝜌𝑟 𝜔
8 8
𝟑+𝝂
∴ 𝝈𝒓 = 𝝆𝝎𝟐 (𝒂𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 ) … (𝟑. 𝟒𝟗𝒂)
𝟖
And, from Equation (3.38)
3 + 𝜈 2 2 1 + 3𝜈 2 2
𝜎𝜃 = 𝜌𝑅 𝜔 − 𝜌𝑟 𝜔
8 8

𝝆𝝎𝟐
∴ 𝝈𝜽 = [(𝟑 + 𝝂)𝒂𝟐 − (𝟏 + 𝟑𝝂)𝒓𝟐 ] … (𝟑. 𝟒𝟗𝒃)
𝟖
2. It is observed that both the stresses 𝜎𝑟 and 𝜎𝜃 vary parabolically with 𝑟 for the solid rotating
disc of constant thickness.
Variation of stresses with radius for solid disc of constant thickness
3. Both 𝜎𝑟 and 𝜎𝜃 are maximum at 𝑟 = 0, that is at the disc center,
𝟑+𝝂
(𝝈𝒓 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 = (𝝈𝜽 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 = ( ) 𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝒂𝟐 … (𝟑. 𝟓𝟎)
𝟖
From the above equation, ‘Bursting speed’ can be calculated by equating maximum stress
with the allowable stress of the disc material, 𝜎𝑎𝑙𝑙𝑜𝑤𝑎𝑏𝑙𝑒
𝟏 𝟖𝝈𝒂𝒍𝒍𝒐𝒘𝒂𝒃𝒍𝒆
𝝎𝒃𝒖𝒓𝒔𝒕 = √ … (𝟑. 𝟓𝟏)
𝒂 (𝟑 + 𝝂)𝝆
4. If carefully observed the Equations (3.49), it is found that |𝜎𝑟 | < |𝜎𝜃 | throughout the
domain.
5. For an annular disc of outer radius, 𝑟𝑜 = 𝑎 and 𝑟𝑖 = 0, from the Equation (3.48), maximum
hoop stress is given by
3+𝜈
[(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 ]𝑎𝑛𝑛𝑢𝑙𝑎𝑟 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐
𝑟𝑖 =0, 𝑟𝑜 =𝑎 = ( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑎2
4
For a solid disc of radius, 𝑎 and, from the Equation (3.50), maximum hoop stress is given by
3+𝜈
[(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 ]𝑟𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑
𝑜 =𝑎
𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐
=( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑎2
8
Therefore,
[(𝝈𝜽 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 ]𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄

𝑟𝑖 =0, 𝑟𝑜 =𝑎
=𝟐
[(𝝈𝜽 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 ]𝒔𝒐𝒍𝒊𝒅
𝑟𝑜 =𝑎
𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄

Hence, due to the presence of central hole of radius 𝑟𝑖 = 0 in the disc, the stress amplifies by
a factor on 2.0.
6. For the stress distribution of a thin uniform ring of radius ′𝑎′ rotating with uniform angular
velocity 𝜔, from the Equation (3.48)
3+𝜈 1 − 𝜈 𝑟𝑖 2
[(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 ]𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = 𝑟lim ( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟𝑜 2 [1 + ( ) ]
→𝑟
𝑖
𝑟𝑜 →𝑎
𝑜 4 3 + 𝜈 𝑟𝑜 2
3+𝜈 (3 + 𝜈) + (1 − 𝜈)
⇒ [(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 ]𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 = ( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑎2 [ ]
4 3+𝜈
∴ [(𝝈𝜽 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 ]𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝒂𝟐 … (𝟑. 𝟓𝟐)
𝑭𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝟑. 𝟏𝟐: Non-dimensional stress and radial displacement plot
Non-dimensional stress plots of 𝜎𝑟 and 𝜎𝜃 as function of 𝑟/𝑎 for the solid disc of radius 𝑎 are
shown in the 𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 3.12. The figure also shows the variation of radial displacement.
The radial displacement is given by
𝑢 = 𝑟 ∈𝜃
𝑟 1
= (𝜎 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟 ) [𝐴𝑠 ∈𝜃 = (𝜎 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟 )]
𝐸 𝜃 𝐸 𝜃

By putting the values of 𝜎𝑟 and 𝜎𝜃 from Equations (3.49𝑎) and (3.49𝑏), we have
𝑟 𝜌𝜔2
𝑢= . [{(3 + 𝜈)𝑎2 − (1 + 3𝜈)𝑟 2 } − 𝜈{3 + 𝜈(𝑎2 − 𝑟 2 )}]
𝐸 8
3+𝜈 (1 + 3𝜈) 2
⇒𝑢= . 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 [{𝑎2 − 𝑟 } − 𝜈(𝑎2 − 𝑟 2 )]
8𝐸 (3 + 𝜈)
3+𝜈 (1 + 3𝜈) − 𝜈(3 + 𝜈) 2

⇒𝑢= . 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 [𝑎2 (1 − 𝜈) − 𝑟 ]
8𝐸 (3 + 𝜈)
3+𝜈 (1 + 𝜈)(1 − 𝜈) 2
⇒𝑢= . 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 [𝑎2 (1 − 𝜈) − 𝑟 ]
8𝐸 (3 + 𝜈)
(𝟑 + 𝝂)(𝟏 − 𝝂) 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏+𝝂 𝒓 𝟐
∴𝒖= . 𝝆𝝎 𝒓𝒂 [𝟏 − ( ) ] … (𝟑. 𝟓𝟑𝒂)
𝟖𝑬 𝟑+𝝂 𝒂
Therefore, radial displacement of the solid disc at the outer radius, 𝑟 = 𝑎 is given by
(𝟑 + 𝝂)(𝟏 − 𝝂) 𝟏+𝝂
𝒖|𝒓=𝒂 = . 𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝒂𝟑 [𝟏 − ] … (𝟑. 𝟓𝟑𝒃)
𝟖𝑬 𝟑+𝝂
3.4 Rotating Disc with Variable Thickness:
In case of a rotating disc with constant thickness, both radial and circumferential stress
components vary with radial distance. Also, the dominant stress component, 𝜎𝜃 is maximum
at the inner hub of the disc. So, it is better not to use same thickness throughout the disc. For
example, in case of turbine rotors, etc. the disc thickness continuously varies along its radial
direction and become maximum at the inner hub.
𝑭𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝟑. 𝟏𝟑 Disc of variable thickness.

𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 3.13 shows a disc of variable thickness.
Variable thickness of the rotor at a radius 𝑟 is expressed by
𝒕(𝒓) = 𝒕𝒊 𝒓−𝝆𝝀 … (𝟑. 𝟓𝟒)
Where,
𝜆 = a constant
𝑡𝑖 = thickness of the disc at radius 𝑟 = 0
𝜌 = density of the disc material
Rotating Disc of Uniform Strength:
A disc, for which the stress-field becomes constant throughout the domain, is known as a disc
of uniform strength. Hence for a disc of uniform strength, 𝜎𝑟 = 𝜎𝜃 = 𝑐𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡 = 𝜎(𝑠𝑎𝑦),
for all radii. The thickness of the disc of uniform strength will not be constant.
𝑭𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝟑. 𝟏𝟒: Disc of uniform strength
Let us consider an element of the disc of uniform strength at a radius ′𝑟′ from the axis of
rotation and of radial width 𝑑𝑟 as shown in the 𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 3.14(𝑎). The same element 𝐴𝐵𝐶𝐷
along with radial and circumferential stresses (𝜎𝑟 = 𝜎𝜃 = 𝜎) is shown in the 𝐹𝑖𝑔𝑢𝑟𝑒 3.14(𝑏).

Let,
𝑡 = Thickness of the element at radius 𝑟 (𝑚𝑚)
𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡 = Thickness of the element at radius 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟 (𝑚𝑚)
𝜎𝑟 = 𝜎𝜃 = 𝜎 =Stress in radial and circumferential direction (constant)
𝑑𝜃 = Angle subtended by faces 𝐴𝐷 and 𝐵𝐶 with centre of rotation, 𝑂
𝜔 = Angular velocity of the disc (𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠)
𝑡𝑖 = Thickness of the disc at radius 𝑟 = 0
𝜌 = Mass density of the material of the disc (𝑘𝑔/𝑚𝑚3 )
The forces acting on the element are:
(i) Radial force due to radial stress 𝜎 on the face 𝐴𝐵 of the element = 𝜎(𝑟. 𝑑𝜃)𝑡
(ii) Radial force due to radial stress 𝜎 on the face 𝐶𝐷 of the element = 𝜎{(𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟). 𝑑𝜃}. (𝑡 +
𝑑𝑡)
(iii) Circumferential force on face 𝐵𝐶 of the element = 𝜎. (𝑑𝑟. 𝑡)
(iv) Circumferential force on face 𝐴𝐷 of the element = 𝜎. (𝑑𝑟. 𝑡)
(v) Centrifugal force on the element = (𝜌. 𝑟𝑑𝜃. 𝑑𝑟. 𝑡)𝑟𝜔2
The forces in circumferential direction are equal and opposite.
Considering the equilibrium of the element, and resolving all the forces in radial direction, we
get
𝑑𝜃
𝜎(𝑟. 𝑑𝜃)𝑡 + 2𝜎. (𝑑𝑟. 𝑡) sin = 𝜎{(𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟). 𝑑𝜃}. (𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡) + (𝜌. 𝑟𝑑𝜃. 𝑑𝑟. 𝑡)𝑟𝜔2
2
𝑑𝜃
⇒ 𝜎(𝑟. 𝑑𝜃)𝑡 + 2𝜎. (𝑑𝑟. 𝑡) = 𝜎{(𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟). 𝑑𝜃}. (𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡) + (𝜌. 𝑟𝑑𝜃. 𝑑𝑟. 𝑡)𝑟𝜔2
2
𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃 𝑑𝜃
[𝐴𝑠 𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙, sin = ]
2 2 2
Cancelling 𝑑𝜃
𝜎. 𝑟. 𝑡 + 𝜎. (𝑑𝑟. 𝑡) = 𝜎. (𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟). (𝑡 + 𝑑𝑡) + (𝜌. 𝑟. 𝑑𝑟. 𝑡)𝑟𝜔2
⇒ 𝜎. 𝑟. 𝑡 + 𝜎. (𝑑𝑟. 𝑡) = 𝜎. 𝑟. 𝑡 + 𝜎. 𝑟. 𝑑𝑡 + 𝜎. 𝑑𝑟. 𝑡 + 𝜎. 𝑑𝑟. 𝑑𝑡 + (𝜌. 𝑟. 𝑑𝑟. 𝑡)𝑟𝜔2
Neglecting the product of two small quantities, i.e. 𝑑𝑟. 𝑑𝑡

−𝜎. 𝑟. 𝑑𝑡 = (𝜌. 𝑟. 𝑑𝑟. 𝑡)𝑟𝜔2
𝑑𝑡 (𝜌. 𝑟. 𝑑𝑟)𝑟𝜔2 𝜌. 𝜔2 . 𝑟
⇒− = = 𝑑𝑟
𝑡 𝜎. 𝑟 𝜎
𝑑𝑡 𝜌. 𝜔2 . 𝑟
⇒ =− 𝑑𝑟
𝑡 𝜎
Integrating both sides, we get
𝜌. 𝜔2 𝑟 2
log 𝑒 𝑡 = − . + 𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑡𝑎𝑛𝑡
𝜎 2
The constant may be taken as log 𝑒 𝐶, where 𝐶 is also a constant.
𝜌. 𝜔2 𝑟 2
∴ log 𝑒 𝑡 − log 𝑒 𝐶 = − .
𝜎 2
𝑡 𝜌. 𝜔2 . 𝑟 2
⇒ log 𝑒 ( ) = −
𝐶 2𝜎
𝑡 𝜌.𝜔 2 .𝑟 2
−
⇒ = 𝑒 2𝜎
𝐶
𝜌.𝜔2 .𝑟 2
−
⇒𝑡 = 𝐶×𝑒 2𝜎 … (𝟑. 𝟓𝟓)
The value of 𝐶 is obtained from boundary condition.
At 𝑟 = 0, 𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖
Substituting this condition in equation (3.55), we get
𝑡𝑖 = 𝐶 × 𝑒 0 = 𝐶
Substituting 𝐶 = 𝑡𝑖 in equation (3.55), we get
𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝟐
−( )𝒓
𝟐𝝈
𝒕 = 𝒕𝒊 × 𝒆 … (𝟑. 𝟓𝟔)
Equation (3.56) gives the thickness of disc of uniform strength at any radius. The rotors of a
steam turbine have constant strength throughout the radius and are designed according to
the above equation.

Problem 3.8:
Show that for an annular rotating disc, the ratio of the maximum circumferential stress to
maximum radial stress is given by
(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 2 1−𝜈 2

= [𝑟𝑜 2 + 𝑟 ]
(𝜎𝑟 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 (𝑟𝑜 − 𝑟𝑖 ) 2 3+𝜈 𝑖
Solution:
We know that for an annular rotating disc maximum circumferential and radial stresses are
given by
3+𝜈 1 − 𝜈 𝑟𝑖 2
(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟𝑜 2 [1 + ( ) ] 𝑎𝑡 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑖
4 3 + 𝜈 𝑟𝑜 2
3+𝜈 𝑟𝑖 2
(𝜎𝑟 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟𝑜 2 (1 − ) 𝑎𝑡 𝑟 = √𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜
8 𝑟𝑜
Therefore,
1−𝜈 𝑟2
(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 [1 + (3 + 𝜈 ) 𝑖 2 ]
𝑟𝑜
=2 2
(𝜎𝑟 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑟
(1 − 𝑟𝑖 )
𝑜
1−𝜈
𝑟𝑜 2 + (3 + 𝜈 ) 𝑟𝑖 2
(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 𝑟𝑜 2
⇒ =2
(𝜎𝑟 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 (𝑟𝑜 − 𝑟𝑖 )2
𝑟𝑜 2
(𝝈𝜽 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 𝟐 𝟐
𝟏−𝝂 𝟐
∴ = [𝒓 𝒐 + 𝒓 ]
(𝝈𝒓 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 (𝒓𝒐 − 𝒓𝒊 )𝟐 𝟑+𝝂 𝒊
____________[𝑯𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒅]
Problem 3.9:
A cast iron disc has an inner radius 𝑟𝑖 = 150 𝑚𝑚 and outer radius 𝑟𝑜 = 300 𝑚𝑚 with 𝜌 =
7200 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 , 𝐸 = 70 𝐺𝑃𝑎, 𝜈 = 0.25, and ultimate stress, 𝜎𝑢 = 170 𝑀𝑃𝑎. Calculate the
speed of revolution (in rpm) of the disc at which the maximum stress is equal to the ultimate
stress.

Solution:
We know that, maximum stress in an annular disc is the maximum circumferential stress,
which is at the inner radius 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑖 and is given by
3+𝜈 1 − 𝜈 𝑟𝑖 2
(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟𝑜 2 [1 + ( ) ]
4 3 + 𝜈 𝑟𝑜 2
3 + 0.25 1 − 0.25 (0.15)2

=( ) × 7200 × 𝜔2 × (0.3)2 [1 + ( ) ]
4 3 + 0.25 (0.3)2
= 556.875𝜔2 𝑁/𝑚2
According to the question, this maximum stress is equal to the ultimate stress of the disc
material, i.e.
556.875𝜔2 = 170 × 106
∴ 𝜔 = 552.52 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
2𝜋𝑁
∴ = 552.52
60
∴ 𝑵 = 𝟓𝟐𝟕𝟔. 𝟏𝟓 𝒓. 𝒑. 𝒎.
________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]
Problem 3.10:
A flat annular steel disc (𝜌 = 7800 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 ; 𝜈 = 0.3) of outer diameter 4𝑎 and inner
diameter 𝑎 rotates at 5000 𝑟𝑝𝑚. If the maximum radial stress in the disc is not to exceed
50 𝑀𝑃𝑎, calculate
(a) The radial wall thickness and

(b) The corresponding maximum tangential stress
Solution:
Given,
𝑟𝑜 = 2𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑖 = 𝑎/2
We know that, for a rotating annular disc, radial stress is maximum at
𝑎
𝑟 = √𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜 = √ × 2𝑎 = 𝑎
2

And, maximum radial stress is given by
3+𝜈 𝑟𝑖 2
(𝜎𝑟 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟𝑜 2 (1 − )
8 𝑟𝑜
3 + 0.3 2𝜋 × 5000 2 2
𝑎/2 2
=( ) × 7800 × ( ) × (2𝑎) (1 − )
8 60 2𝑎
= 1.98472 × 109 𝑎2 𝑁/𝑚2
But,
(𝜎𝑟 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 50 𝑀𝑃𝑎
∴ 1.98472 × 109 𝑎2 = 50 × 106
∴ 𝑎 = 0.15872 𝑚 = 158.72 𝑚𝑚
(a) Radial wall thickness,
𝑡𝑤𝑎𝑙𝑙 = 𝑟𝑜 − 𝑟𝑖
𝑎
= 2𝑎 −
2
3
= × 158.72
2
= 𝟐𝟑𝟖. 𝟎𝟖 𝒎𝒎
____________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]
(b) The corresponding maximum tangential stress
3+𝜈 2 2
1 − 𝜈 𝑟𝑖 2
(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝜌𝜔 𝑟𝑜 [1 + ( ) ]
4 3 + 𝜈 𝑟𝑜 2
3 + 0.3 2𝜋 × 5000 2
=( ) × 7800 × ( )
4 60
2
1 − 0.3 (0.5 × 0.159)2
× (2 × 0.159) [1 + ( ) ]
3 + 0.3 (2 × 0.159)2
= 180.13 × 106 𝑁/𝑚2
= 𝟏𝟖𝟎. 𝟏𝟑 𝑴𝑷𝒂
___________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]

Problem 3.11:
Show that in a solid disc of diameter 2𝑎 rotating with a tangential velocity 𝑣, the maximum
stress is
5
𝜎𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜌𝑣 2
12
Assume, 𝜈 = 1/3.
Solution:
We know that, for solid disc, both 𝜎𝑟 and 𝜎𝜃 are maximum at 𝑟 = 0, that is at the disc
center,
3+𝜈
(𝜎𝑟 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑎2
8
Where, 𝑎 = radius of the disc
Therefore, tangential velocity,
𝑣 = 𝜔𝑎
Now, by putting 𝜈 = 1/3
1
3+3
(𝜎𝑟 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = (𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 =( ) 𝜌𝑣 2
8
𝟓
∴ 𝝈𝒎𝒂𝒙 = 𝝆𝒗𝟐
𝟏𝟐
_________ [𝑯𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒅]
Problem 3.12:
A flat annular steel disc of 800 𝑚𝑚 outer diameter and 150 𝑚𝑚 inner diameter is to be shrunk
around a solid steel shaft. The shrinking allowance is 1 part per 1000. For 𝜈 = 0.3, 𝐸 =
210 𝐺𝑃𝑎 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝜌 = 7800 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 . Neglecting shaft expansion, calculate
(a) The maximum stress in the system at standstill and

(b) The speed in rpm at which the shrink fit will loosen as a result of rotational and the
maximum stress in the system.

Solution:
(a) When the shaft is at standstill:
The shrinkage pressure, 𝑝𝑠 is given by
∆ (𝑟2 2 − 𝑟1 2 )(𝑟3 2 − 𝑟2 2 )
𝑝𝑠 = 𝐸 ( ) .
𝑟2 2 𝑟2 2 (𝑟3 2 − 𝑟1 2 )
Here,
𝑟1 = 0 (𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑)
𝑟2 = 75 𝑚𝑚
𝑟3 = 400 𝑚𝑚
Therefore,
3)
1 (752 − 02 )(4002 − 752 )
𝑝𝑠 = (210 × 10 × ( ) .
1000 2 × 752 (4002 − 02 )
∴ 𝑝𝑠 = 101.31 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Now, maximum stress at standstill condition shall be developed at the inner radius of the disc
(intermediate radius of the compound cylinder)
We know that, due to shrinkage pressure, 𝑝𝑠 the circumferential stress developed in the outer
cylinder (the disc, in this case) is given by
𝑝𝑠 𝑟2 2 𝑟3 2
𝜎𝜃 = 2 [1 + 2 ]
𝑟3 − 𝑟2 2 𝑟
This circumferential stress is maximum at the inner radius of the disc, i.e. at 𝑟 = 𝑟2
𝑟3 2 + 𝑟2 2
∴ 𝜎𝜃 |𝑟=𝑟2 = 𝑝𝑠
𝑟3 2 − 𝑟2 2
4002 + 752
= 101.31 ×
4002 − 752
= 108.69 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Therefore, the maximum stress in the system at standstill condition will be developed at the
inner radius of the disc and is equal to
𝝈𝜽 |𝒓=𝒓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟎𝟖. 𝟔𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂
_________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]

(b) When the system is rotating:
Radial displacement of the disc at the inner radius of the disc i.e. at 𝑟 = 𝑟2
𝜌𝜔2 𝑟2
𝑢|𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐
𝑟=𝑟2 = [(3 + 𝜈). 𝑟3 2 + (1 − 𝜈)𝑟2 2 ]
4𝐸
7800 × 𝜔2 × 0.075
= [(3 + 0.3). (0.4)2 + (1 − 0.3)(0.075)2 ]
4 × 210 × 109
= 3.70456 × 10−7 𝜔2 𝑚𝑚
Radial displacement of the shaft at the outer radius of the shaft, i.e. at 𝑟 = 𝑟2
𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 (3 + 𝜈)(1 − 𝜈) 1+𝜈

𝑢|𝑟=𝑟2 = . 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟2 3 [1 − ] (𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐)
8𝐸 3+𝜈
(3 + 0.3)(1 − 0.3) 2 3
1 + 0.3
= × 7800 × 𝜔 × (0.075) [1 − ]
8 × 210 × 109 3 + 0.3
= 2.742188 × 10−9 𝜔2 𝑚𝑚
Now the shrinkage allowance is given by
𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 ∆
𝑟=𝑟2 − 𝑢|𝑟=𝑟2 = ( ) 𝑟2
𝑟2
1
⇒ (3.70456 × 10−7 − 2.742188 × 10−9 )𝜔2 = × 75
1000
∴ 𝜔 = 451.62 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
2𝜋𝑁
⇒ = 451.62
60
∴ 𝑵 = 𝟒𝟑𝟏𝟐. 𝟕 𝒓𝒑𝒎 ______________[𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]
Now the maximum stress in the system at this speed is given by the circumferential stress of
the disc at the outer radius, i.e. at 𝑟 = 𝑟3
3+𝜈 1 − 𝜈 𝑟2 2
(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = ( ) 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟3 2 [1 + ( ) ]
4 3 + 𝜈 𝑟3 2
3 + 0.3 1 − 0.3 (0.075)2

=( ) × 7800 × (451.62)2 × (0.4)2 [1 + ( ) ]
4 3 + 0.3 (0.4)2
= 211.56 × 106 𝑁/𝑚2
= 𝟐𝟏𝟏. 𝟓𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂 _______ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]

Problem 3.13:
A disc of uniform thickness and of 600 𝑚𝑚 diameter rotates at 1800 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚. Find the
maximum stress developed in the disc. If a hole of 100 𝑚𝑚 diameter is made at the center of
the disc, find the maximum values of radial and hoop stresses.
Density of the material of the disc is 7700 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 and Poisson’s ratio is 0.3.
Solution:
Given:
𝐷 = Diameter of the disc = 600 𝑚𝑚
𝑁 = Speed of the disc = 1800 𝑟𝑝𝑚
𝜌 = Density of the material of the disc = 7700 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝜈 = Poisson’s ratio = 0.3
Now,
𝐷 600
Radius of the disc, 𝑎 = = = 300 𝑚𝑚 = 0.3 𝑚
2 2
2𝜋𝑁 2𝜋×1800
Angular velocity of the disc, 𝜔 = = = 60𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
60 60
For solid disc 𝜎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑥 & 𝜎𝜃 𝑚𝑎𝑥 are at the center.

3+𝜈
𝜎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜎𝜃 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜌𝜔2 𝑎2
8
3 + 0.3
= × 7700 × (60𝜋)2 × 0.32
8
= 𝟏𝟎. 𝟏𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂
When a hole of 100 𝑚𝑚 diameter is made at the center
𝑟𝑖 = 0.05 𝑚 = 50 𝑚𝑚 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑟𝑜 = 0.30 𝑚 = 300 𝑚𝑚
𝜎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑥 will be at the radius,
𝑟 = √𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜
= √50 × 300
= 122.5 𝑚𝑚
= 0.122.5 𝑚

3+𝜈
∴ 𝜎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜌𝜔2 (𝑟𝑜 − 𝑟𝑖 )2
8
3 + 0.3
= × 7700 × (60𝜋)2 × (0.3 − 0.05)2
8
= 𝟕. 𝟎𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
𝜎𝜃 𝑚𝑎𝑥 will be at the inner radius, 𝑟𝑖 = 0.05 𝑚
𝜌𝜔2
𝜎𝜃 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = [(1 − 𝜈)𝑟𝑖 2 + (3 + 𝜈)𝑟𝑜 2 ]
4
7700 × (60𝜋)2
= [(1 − 0.3) × 0.052 + (3 + 0.3)0.32 ]
4
= 𝟐𝟎. 𝟒𝟑 𝑴𝑷𝒂
Problem 3.14:
(a) Show that for a solid disc of radius 𝑅, rotating at an angular speed of 𝜔 the radial and hoop
stresses induced at the centre of the disc is given by
3+𝜐
𝜎𝑟 = 𝜎𝜃 = 𝜌𝜔2 𝑅 2
8
Where, 𝜌 = mass density of the material of the disc
𝜐 = Poisson’s ratio of the material of the disc
(b) A uniform thickness flat steel disc of outside diameter 400 𝑚𝑚 has a central hole of
100 𝑚𝑚 diameter, which is rotating at a speed of 3000 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚.
(i) Find the maximum circumferential stress developed in the disc and its position.
(ii) Find the maximum radial stress developed in the disc and its position.
(iii) Draw a diagram to show approximately how the stresses vary from inner radius to outer
radius.
Take: Poisson’s ratio of steel as 0.3 and mass density of steel as 7800 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3.
Solution:
(a)
The governing equations of a rotating disc of uniform thickness are

𝐵 3+𝜈 2 2
𝜎𝑟 = 𝐴 − − 𝜌𝑟 𝜔
𝑟2 8
𝐵 1 + 3𝜈 2 2
𝜎𝜃 = 𝐴 + − 𝜌𝑟 𝜔
𝑟2 8
Where,
𝐴 & 𝐵 = Integrating constants
𝑟 = Radius
𝜈 = Poisson’s ratio
𝜌 = Mass density of the disc material
𝜔 = Angular velocity of the disc
From the above two governing equations, it is clear that the stresses set up in a rotating disc
will become infinite at the centre of the disc, where 𝑟 = 0.
But the stresses at the centre, cannot be infinite.
To avoid undefined stress distribution at 𝑟 = 0, it is to be set integrating constant, 𝐵 = 0
∴𝐵=0
Let,
𝑅 = Outside radius
Therefore, at the outer surface,
𝜎𝑅 = 0
3+𝜈 2 2
𝑂𝑟, 𝐴− 𝜌𝑅 𝜔 = 0
8
3+𝜈 2 2
𝑂𝑟, 𝐴= 𝜌𝑅 𝜔
8
3+𝜈 2 2 3+𝜈 2 2
∴ 𝜎𝑟 = 𝜌𝑅 𝜔 − 𝜌𝑟 𝜔
8 8
𝟑+𝝂
∴ 𝝈𝒓 = 𝝆𝝎𝟐 (𝑹𝟐 − 𝒓𝟐 )
𝟖
And
3 + 𝜈 2 2 1 + 3𝜈 2 2
𝜎𝜃 = 𝜌𝑅 𝜔 − 𝜌𝑟 𝜔
8 8
𝝆𝝎𝟐
∴ 𝝈𝜽 = [(𝟑 + 𝝂)𝑹𝟐 − (𝟏 + 𝟑𝝂)𝒓𝟐 ]
𝟖
At the center, 𝑟 = 0,
𝟑+𝝂
∴ 𝝈𝒓 = 𝝈𝜽 = 𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝑹𝟐
𝟖
___________ [𝑯𝒆𝒏𝒄𝒆 𝑷𝒓𝒐𝒗𝒆𝒅]
(b)
Given:
𝐷𝑜 = Outside diameter of the disc = 400 𝑚𝑚
𝐷𝑖 = Inside diameter of the disc = 100 𝑚𝑚
𝑁 = Speed of the disc = 3000 𝑟𝑝𝑚
Now,
𝑟𝑜 = Outside radius of the disc = 200 𝑚𝑚 = 0.2 𝑚
𝑟𝑖 = Inside radius of the disc = 50 𝑚𝑚 = 0.05 𝑚

2𝜋𝑁 2×𝜋×3000
𝜔 = Angular velocity of the disc = = = 100𝜋
60 60
(i)
𝜎𝑟 will be maximum at the radius,
𝑟 = √𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜
= √50 × 200
= 100 𝑚𝑚
= 0.1 𝑚
3+𝜈
∴ 𝜎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜌𝜔2 (𝑟𝑜 − 𝑟𝑖 )2
8
3 + 0.3
= × 7800 × (100𝜋)2 × (0.2 − 0.05)2
8

= 𝟕. 𝟏𝟒𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
______________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]
(ii)
𝜎𝜃 will be maximum at the inner radius, 𝑟𝑖 = 50 𝑚𝑚 = 0.05 𝑚
𝜌𝜔2
𝜎𝜃 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = [(1 − 𝜈)𝑟𝑖 2 + (3 + 𝜈)𝑟𝑜 2 ]
4
7800 × (100𝜋)2
= [(1 − 0.3) × 0.052 + (3 + 0.3)0.22 ]
4
= 𝟐𝟓. 𝟕𝟒𝟏 𝑴𝑷𝒂
______________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]
(iii)
Problem 3.15:
A hollow steel disc of 400 mm outer diameter and 100 mm inner diameter is shrunk on a steel
shaft. The pressure between the disc and the shaft is 60 MPa. Determine the speed of the disc
at which it will loosen from the shaft. Neglect the change in the dimensions of the shaft due
to rotation.
Given, Poisson’s ratio of steel as 0.3 and mass density of steel as 7700 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3.

Solution:
Given:
𝑝𝑠 = Pressure between the disc and the shaft = 60 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒)
Now,
𝑟𝑜 = Outside radius of the disc = 200 𝑚𝑚 = 0.2 𝑚
𝑟𝑖 = Inside radius of the disc = 50 𝑚𝑚 = 0.05 𝑚
At stand still:
At stand still, the hollow disc on a shaft is similar to a hub on a solid shaft and thus the hollow
steel disc is equivalent to a thick cylinder subjected to an internal pressure.
Maximum hoop stress due to pressure between the disc and the shaft is at the inner radius
and is given by
𝑟𝑜 2 + 𝑟𝑖 2
𝜎𝜃 ′ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝑝 [𝑀𝑎𝑥𝑖𝑚𝑢𝑚 ℎ𝑜𝑜𝑝 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑖𝑛 𝑡ℎ𝑖𝑐𝑘 𝑐𝑦𝑙𝑖𝑛𝑑𝑒𝑟]
𝑟𝑜 2 − 𝑟𝑖 2 𝑠
0.22 + 0.052
= × 60
0.22 − 0.052
= 68 𝑀𝑃𝑎
At stand still, radial stress at the inner radius is the pressure between the disc and the shaft
i.e. 𝜎𝑟 = 𝑝𝑠 = 60 𝑀𝑃𝑎 (𝐶𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠𝑖𝑣𝑒) = −60 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Therefore, hoop strain due to pressure between the disc and the shaft at the inner radius,
′
𝜎𝜃 ′ 𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟
∈𝜃 𝑟 =
𝑖 𝐸
68 − 0.3 × (−60)
=
𝐸
86
=
𝐸
When the Disc Rotates:
Also, we know that when the disc rotates, maximum hoop stress will be at the inner radius
(𝑟𝑖 = 0.05 𝑚) and is given by
𝜌𝜔2
𝜎𝜃 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = [(1 − 𝜈)𝑟𝑖 2 + (3 + 𝜈)𝑟𝑜 2 ]
4
7700 × 𝜔2
= [(1 − 0.3) × 0.052 + (3 + 0.3)0.22 ]
4
= 1925 × 𝜔2 × 0.13375
= 257.47 × 10−6 𝜔2 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Also, we know that for hollow disc, radial stress is zero at the inner radius, (𝑟𝑖 = 0.05 𝑚)
i.e. 𝜎𝑟 𝑟 = 0
𝑖
Therefore, hoop strain at the inner radius, due to rotation of the disc is given by
𝜎𝜃 𝑚𝑎𝑥 − 𝜈𝜎𝑟 𝑟
𝑖
∈𝜃 𝑟 =
𝑖 𝐸
257.47 × 10−6 𝜔2 − 0.3 × 0
=
𝐸
257.47 × 10−6 𝜔2
=
𝐸
If the disc is to become loosen, the hoop strains due to pressure between the disc and the
shaft and due to rotation of the disc must be the same, i.e.
∈𝜃 𝑟 =∈𝜃 ′ 𝑟
𝑖 𝑖
257.47 × 10−6 𝜔2 86
⇒ =
𝐸 𝐸
⇒ 𝜔 = 577.9 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
2𝜋𝑁
⇒ = 577.9 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
60
577.9 × 60
⇒ 𝑁=
2𝜋
⇒ 𝑵 = 𝟓𝟓𝟏𝟗 𝒓𝒑𝒎
_________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]

Problem 3.16:
A hollow steel disc of 600 𝑚𝑚 outside diameter and 200 𝑚𝑚 inside diameter is shrunk on a
solid steel shaft. The shrinkage is 1 in 1000. Determine
(i) the stresses at stand still
(ii) the speed at which shrink fit will loosen
(iii) the maximum stress in the disc at that speed
(iv) the hoop stress in the disc at half the speed found in (ii)
Given: 𝜌 = 7600 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 , 𝜈 = 0.3 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸 = 205 𝐺𝑃𝑎.
Solution:
Given:
Shrinkage (∆/𝑟2 ) = 1 𝑖𝑛 1000
𝐸 = Young’s modulus of elasticity = 205 𝐺𝑃𝑎
Now,
𝑟3 = Outside radius of the disc = 300 𝑚𝑚
𝑟2 = Inside radius of the disc = 100 𝑚𝑚
(i)
Let, the shrinkage pressure between the disc and the shaft at stand still be 𝑝𝑠 .
The shrinkage pressure, 𝑝𝑠 is given by
∆ (𝑟2 2 − 𝑟1 2 )(𝑟3 2 − 𝑟2 2 )
𝑝𝑠 = 𝐸 ( ) .
𝑟2 2 𝑟2 2 (𝑟3 2 − 𝑟1 2 )
Here,
𝑟1 = 0 (𝑎𝑠 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑖𝑠 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑)

𝑟2 = 100 𝑚𝑚
𝑟3 = 300 𝑚𝑚
Therefore,
1 (1002 − 02 )(3002 − 1002 )

𝑝𝑠 = (205 × 103 ) × ( ) .
1000 2 × 1002 (3002 − 02 )
∴ 𝑝𝑠 = 91.11 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Now, maximum stress at standstill condition shall be developed at the inner radius of the disc
(intermediate radius of the compound cylinder)
We know that, due to shrinkage pressure, 𝑝𝑠 the circumferential stress developed in the outer
cylinder (the disc, in this case) is given by
𝑝𝑠 𝑟2 2 𝑟3 2
𝜎𝜃 = [1 + ]
𝑟3 2 − 𝑟2 2 𝑟2
This circumferential stress is maximum at the inner radius of the disc, i.e. at 𝑟 = 𝑟2
𝑟3 2 + 𝑟2 2
∴ 𝜎𝜃 |𝑟=𝑟2 = 𝑝𝑠
𝑟3 2 − 𝑟2 2
3002 + 1002
= 91.11 ×
3002 − 1002
= 113.89 𝑀𝑃𝑎
Therefore, the maximum stress in the system at standstill condition will be developed at the
inner radius of the disc and is equal to
𝝈𝜽 |𝒓=𝒓𝟐 = 𝟏𝟏𝟑. 𝟖𝟗 𝑴𝑷𝒂
_________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]
(ii) When the system is rotating:
Radial displacement of the disc at the inner radius of the disc i.e. at 𝑟 = 𝑟2
𝜌𝜔2 𝑟2
𝑟=𝑟2 = [(3 + 𝜈). 𝑟3 2 + (1 − 𝜈)𝑟2 2 ]
4𝐸
7600 × 𝜔2 × 0.1
= [(3 + 0.3) × (0.3)2 + (1 − 0.3) × (0.1)2 ]
4 × 205 × 109
= 2.817561 × 10−7 𝜔2 𝑚𝑚

Radial displacement of the shaft at the outer radius of the shaft, i.e. at 𝑟 = 𝑟2
𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 (3 + 𝜈)(1 − 𝜈) 1+𝜈

𝑢|𝑟=𝑟2 = . 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟2 3 [1 − ] (𝐶𝑜𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 𝑎𝑠 𝑎 𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑖𝑑 𝑑𝑖𝑠𝑐)
8𝐸 3+𝜈
(3 + 0.3)(1 − 0.3) 1 + 0.3
= 9
× 7600 × 𝜔2 × (0.1)3 [1 − ]
8 × 205 × 10 3 + 0.3
= 6.487805 × 10−9 𝜔2 𝑚𝑚
Now the shrinkage allowance is given by
𝑠ℎ𝑎𝑓𝑡 ∆
𝑟=𝑟2 − 𝑢|𝑟=𝑟2 = ( ) 𝑟2
𝑟2
1
⇒ (2.817561 × 10−7 − 6.487805 × 10−9 )𝜔2 = × 100
1000
∴ 𝜔 = 602.73 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
2𝜋𝑁
⇒ = 602.73
60
∴ 𝑵 = 𝟓𝟕𝟓𝟓. 𝟔𝟒 𝒓𝒑𝒎
_______ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]
(iii)
The maximum stresses in the disc are
𝜎𝜃 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 577.6 × 10−6 𝜔2 𝑀𝑃𝑎
= 577.6 × 10−6 × (602.7)2 𝑀𝑃𝑎
= 𝟐𝟎𝟗. 𝟖 𝑴𝑷𝒂
_____________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]
And
3+𝜈
𝜎𝑟 𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜌𝜔2 (𝑟𝑜 − 𝑟𝑖 )2
8
3 + 0.3
= × 7600 × (602.7)2 × (0.3 − 0.1)2
8
= 𝟒𝟓. 𝟓𝟔 𝑴𝑷𝒂
_______________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]

(iv)
The hoop stress in the disc at half the speed
𝜎𝜃 = 577.6 × 10−6 𝜔2 𝑀𝑃𝑎
−6
602.7 2
= 577.6 × 10 ×( ) 𝑀𝑃𝑎
2
= 𝟓𝟐. 𝟒𝟓 𝑴𝑷𝒂
___________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]
Problem 3.17:
A steam turbine rotor is running at 4200 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚. It is to be designed for uniform strength for
a stress of 85 𝑀𝑁/𝑚2. If the thickness of the rotor at the centre is 25 𝑚𝑚 and density of its
material is 8000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3, then find the thickness of the rotor at a radius of 350 𝑚𝑚.
Solution:
Given:
𝑁 = Speed of the steam turbine rotor = 4200 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚.
𝜎 = Stress of uniform strength = 85 𝑀𝑁/𝑚2
𝑡𝑖 = Thickness of the rotor at the centre = 25 𝑚𝑚
𝜌 = Density of the material of the rotor = 8000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
𝑟 = Thickness required for radius of the rotor = 350 𝑚𝑚
Now,
Angular speed of the rotor,
2𝜋𝑁 2𝜋 × 4200
𝜔= = = 140𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
60 60
Rotor is to be designed for uniform strength. This means the radial and circumferential
stresses should be equal at all radii.
Therefore, the thickness of the rotor, at the radius 𝑟 = 350 𝑚𝑚
𝜌.𝜔2 .𝑟 2
−
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖 × 𝑒 2𝜎

8000×(140𝜋)2 ×(0.35)2
−
= 0.025 × 𝑒 2×85×106
= 0.025 × 𝑒 −1.115
1
= 0.025 ×
𝑒 1.115
1
= 0.025 ×
3.049
= 0.00819 𝑚
∴ 𝒕 = 𝟖. 𝟏𝟗 𝒎𝒎
___________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]
Problem 3.18:
The minimum thickness of a turbine rotor is 9 𝑚𝑚 at a radius of 300 𝑚𝑚. If the rotor is to be
designed for a uniform stress of 200 𝑀𝑁/𝑚2 , find the thickness of the rotor at the centre and
at a radius of 25 𝑚𝑚 when it is running at 9000 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚. Take 𝜌 = 8000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3 .
Solution:
Given:
𝑡1 = Thickness of the turbine at radius 𝑟1 (= 300 𝑚𝑚) = 9 𝑚𝑚
𝜎 = Stress of uniform strength = 200 𝑀𝑁/𝑚2
𝑟2 = Thickness required for radius of the rotor = 25 𝑚𝑚
𝑁 = Speed of the steam turbine rotor = 9000 𝑟. 𝑝. 𝑚.
𝜌 = Density of the material of the rotor = 8000 𝑘𝑔/𝑚3
Now,
Angular speed of the rotor,
2𝜋𝑁 2𝜋 × 9000
𝜔= = = 300𝜋 𝑟𝑎𝑑/𝑠
60 60
We know that for uniform strength.
𝜌.𝜔2 .𝑟 2
𝑡 = 𝑡𝑖 × 𝑒 − 2𝜎
𝜌.𝜔2 .𝑟1 2
−
∴ 𝑡1 = 𝑡𝑖 × 𝑒 2𝜎

8000×(300𝜋)2 ×(0.3)2
−
⇒ 0.009 = 𝑡𝑖 × 𝑒 2×200×106
0.009
⇒ 𝑡𝑖 = 8000×(300𝜋)2 ×(0.3)2
−
𝑒 2×200×106
8000×(300𝜋)2 ×(0.3)2
⇒ 𝑡𝑖 = 0.009 × 𝑒 2×200×106
⇒ 𝑡𝑖 = 0.009 × 𝑒 1.5988
⇒ 𝑡𝑖 = 0.009 × 4.9475
∴ 𝒕𝒊 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟒𝟓𝟑 𝒎 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟓𝟑 𝒎𝒎
___________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]
Again,
𝜌.𝜔 2 .𝑟2 2
𝑡2 = 𝑡𝑖 × 𝑒 − 2𝜎
8000×(300𝜋)2 ×(0.025)2
−
= 0.04453 × 𝑒 2×200×106
= 0.04453 × 𝑒 −0.0111
1
= 0.04453 ×
𝑒 0.0111
1
= 0.04453 ×
1.0112
= 0.04403 𝑚
∴ 𝒕 𝟐 = 𝟒𝟒. 𝟎𝟑 𝒎𝒎
__________ [𝑨𝒏𝒔𝒘𝒆𝒓]

Module 3 Axisymmetric Problems 4th Sem MOM (ME181405) Under ASTU - Part II

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Module 3 Axisymmetric Problems 4th Sem MOM (ME181405) Under ASTU - Part II

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DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

JORHAT ENGINEERING COLLEGE, JORHAT-785 007, ASSAM

𝑭𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝟑. 𝟗: Stress distribution in a compound cylinder

Module 3: Axisymmetric Problems Page 41

3.3 Rotating Disc with Constant Thickness:

Rotating disc is another example of axisymmetric stress distribution.

𝑭𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝟑. 𝟏𝟎: (a) Differential element on a rotating disc of constant thickness

𝑑𝐹𝑐 = 𝜌(𝑟𝑑𝜃. 𝑡. 𝑑𝑟)(𝜔2 𝑟)

𝜌 = Density of the disc material, which is constant for homogeneous materials

𝑡 = Thickness of the disc in 𝑧-direction

𝑑𝐹𝑐 = (𝜌𝑡𝜔2 )(𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟𝑑𝜃)

For an element of the disc, let

𝜎𝑟 = radial stress at the inner face at radius 𝑟 of the element

Module 3: Axisymmetric Problems Page 42

𝜎𝜃 = circumferential (hoop) stress on the radial faces

Similarly, 𝑢 + 𝑑𝑢 be the radial displacement at an unstrained radius 𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟.

Now, radial strain

Again, circumferential or hoop strain

1 {2𝜋(𝑟 + 𝑢)} − 2𝜋𝑟

From Equation (3.32) and (3.33)

Module 3: Axisymmetric Problems Page 43

Now, balancing the forces in the radial direction, 𝑟, we get

(𝜎𝑟 + 𝑑𝜎𝑟 )(𝑟 + 𝑑𝑟)𝑑𝜃. 𝑡 − 𝜎𝑟 (𝑟𝑑𝜃). 𝑡 + 𝑑𝐹𝑐 − 𝜎𝜃 (𝑑𝑟. 𝑡) sin 𝑑𝜃 = 0

[𝐴𝑠 𝑑𝜃 𝑖𝑠 𝑣𝑒𝑟𝑦 𝑠𝑚𝑎𝑙𝑙]

Dividing by (𝑡. 𝑑𝜃)

⇒ (𝜎𝑟 𝑟 + 𝜎𝑟 𝑑𝑟 + 𝑟𝑑𝜎𝑟 + 𝑑𝜎𝑟 𝑑𝑟) − 𝜎𝑟 𝑟 + 𝜌𝜔2 𝑟 2 𝑑𝑟 − 𝜎𝜃 𝑑𝑟 = 0

Neglecting the product of small quantities, i.e. 𝑑𝜎𝑟 𝑑𝑟

𝑟 𝑑𝜎𝜃 𝑑𝜎𝑟 𝑟. 𝑑𝜎𝑟

Module 3: Axisymmetric Problems Page 44

Module 3: Axisymmetric Problems Page 45

Substituting the value of 𝐴 from (3.40) to (3.39)

Module 3: Axisymmetric Problems Page 46

3+𝜈 3+𝜈 2 2 2 3+𝜈 2 2

By putting the values of 𝐴 & 𝐵 in (3.38)

𝟑+𝝂 (𝟑 + 𝝂)𝒓𝒊 𝟐 − (𝟏 + 𝟑𝝂)𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝒊 𝟐

Again, radial displacement is given by

𝑟 3+𝜈 (3 + 𝜈)𝑟𝑖 2 − (1 + 3𝜈)𝑟 2 𝑟𝑖 2 𝑟 2 − 𝑟𝑖 2 𝑟𝑖 2

𝟑+𝝂 (𝟑 + 𝝂)𝒓𝒊 𝟐 − (𝟏 + 𝟑𝝂)𝒓𝟐 𝒓𝒊 𝟐 𝒓𝟐 − 𝒓 𝒊 𝟐

The radial displacement at the inner radius, 𝑟𝑖 is given by

Module 3: Axisymmetric Problems Page 47

From the equation (3.43),

Since, 𝑟𝑖 ≤ 𝑟 ≤ 𝑟𝑜 , therefore 𝜎𝑟 is always tensile in the domain.

Therefore, at radial location 𝑟 = √𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜 , 𝜎𝑟 is maximum because

(𝜎𝑟 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑟 |𝑟=√𝑟𝑖 𝑟𝑜

Module 3: Axisymmetric Problems Page 48

Again, from Equation (3.44), it is clear that (𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 occurs at 𝑟 = 𝑟𝑖

Thus, from Equation (3.44)

(𝜎𝜃 )𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 𝜎𝑟 |𝑟=𝑟𝑖

Variation of stresses with radius

To avoid undefined stress distribution at 𝑟 = 0, it is to be set integrating constant, 𝐵 = 0 in

Module 3: Axisymmetric Problems Page 50

Variation of stresses with radius for solid disc of constant thickness

3. Both 𝜎𝑟 and 𝜎𝜃 are maximum at 𝑟 = 0, that is at the disc center,

[(𝝈𝜽 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 ]𝒂𝒏𝒏𝒖𝒍𝒂𝒓 𝒅𝒊𝒔𝒄

Module 3: Axisymmetric Problems Page 51

∴ [(𝝈𝜽 )𝒎𝒂𝒙 ]𝒓𝒊𝒏𝒈 = 𝝆𝝎𝟐 𝒂𝟐 … (𝟑. 𝟓𝟐)

𝑭𝒊𝒈𝒖𝒓𝒆 𝟑. 𝟏𝟐: Non-dimensional stress and radial displacement plot