Design

This chapter discusses the main aspects of the decided-on design, the stages it went through, and

the possible final design. Also, the chapter will cover a hand-sketched drawing and AutoCAD

drawings showing all possible details as these drawings will aim to bring the concept of the

design closer to the imagination of the reader. Note that in this paper, the main aim was to ensure

the safety of the user. Hence, the focus will be on the safety system, mainly the damping system.

Conceptual Design
The first step of the design was to select the main/basic components of any elevator (Cage, Rails,

System of Pulleys, Counterweights, etc.) and to assemble them in a way that will meet the

required idea of the specified system. To discuss this, a handmade sketch was drawn to reflect

the actual structure:

A system of pulleys used to

lift the cage with a certain
mechanical advantage
value.

The hand-operated lever
attached to the cage. The
user will input a force to
produce a moment that will
move the cage eventually.
A two-diameter shaft
attached to the ground. This
was chosen instead of a
normal pulley to cancel out
equal forces and make the
system move.
The counterweight system
that will reduce the effort
required by the user to lift
the system.
The main moving part of
the elevator, the cage/box,
and will be used to
transport the user.
The damping system that
will reduce damage done to
the user in case of free fall.
The Actual Design
Later on, upon agreeing on how the elevator will function, an AutoCAD drawing was established

to illustrate the mechanics of the designed product. The structure is expected to look as follows:
Furthermore, captures of each part are taken to demonstrate the importance of each in the

structure. The subparts that are to be discussed will also be compared to real existing

instruments/parts that will be used in the later construction of this model. The captures will be

subcategorized into two, the dynamic part (moving) and the static part (fixed).
The Dynamic Components
The cage
The 1x1.3x1.5 cage is the main moving component in the structure. Through it, the user will be able to
go up and down to reach his/her desired level. The cage is designed to have the same entrance and exit
and to be light weight in order to decrease the effort required by its user. Attached to the cage is the
system of pulleys, the lever, and the wheel rails.

The Pulleys
A pulley system of Mechanical Advantage equals to 4 is to be used in the constructions. This

system is made of two, two pulleys as shown in the figure above. One is to be attached to the

cage and the other to the top of the constructions. The required design was found in the market

and ensures to hold the sufficient load.

The figure demonstrates how the chosen system of pulleys works and how it reduces the load to

its quarter.

Besides, more pulleys are required to achieve the functional moving body. 3 side pulleys of the

following characteristics are placed in the construction to direct the rope movement cycle:

1 Way
Sheave Diameter: 75 mm
Maximum Fibre Rope Diameter: 14 mm
Type: 183
 The Winch/Lever
The winch attached the side of the cage is where the user will input the force and operate the elevator.
The roped rapped around the winch is attached to the double diameter shaft on the ground.

TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS TL1000 TL1500

1ST CABLE LAYER 1000 kg 1500 kg
LAST CABLE LAYER 614 kg 927 kg
CRANKFORCE 1ST CABLE POSITION 11 daN 12 daN
HOISTING LENGTH BY ONE ROTATION OF THE CRANK 1ST LAYER 20 mm 14 mm
CABLE CAPACITY 33 m 21 m
DIAMETER CABLE (EN 12383-4) 8 mm 10 mm
MIN. BREAKING LOAD CABLE 34 kN 51 kN
OWN WEIGHT 27 kg 27.5 kg
The selected 2-way rotating winch is of the following characteristics. It has been chosen to fulfill all
safety purposes including load. The winch is designed in a way that will stop in its position when the user
stops applying any force. This will make the box stop in its position, not rotating back and falling down
when there is no input.
The Railing System
The railing system is simply made of 4 wheels, one on each corner of the box, and a track for the wheels
on the columns where the wheels can freely slide up and down with guidance.

The Static System

The Double Diameter Shaft
This double diameter shaft was selected in the design because it transmits the same torque but with
different forces, allowing the system to move eventually. This part is placed on the ground, rope coming
from the top pully and winch rap around it, one on each side of the shaft.
Teeth Like Structures on the Columns
To reduce the stress on the winch and ropes, teeth like structures fixed to the columns help park the box
at the top level. These structures are shaped in a way to fit in holes made on the box. Furthermore, the
diameter of these teeth Is slightly smaller than the diameter of holes made in the box. This aims to allow
the user to lift the elevator a slight distance and pull the teeth structures back to the columns using a
lever, reducing friction forces.

The Damping System

The damping system is composed of springs and dampers between plates. This structure is located at
the bottom of the structure, below the ground, and reduces the shock absorbed by the user, saving
his/her life. This structure will be discussed later in details.