MACHINING & MANUFACTURING

TECHNOLOGY
(MEC2006)

VIT AP UNIVERSITY
Shaper, Planer and Slotting
Machines
 Different Power Transmission Mechanisms
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 Different Power Transmission Mechanisms
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 Different Power Transmission Mechanism
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 Working Principle
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Shaper
Parts of shaping machine
 Machine Tools
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 Kinematic Diagram of a Shaper
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 Kinematic Diagram of a Shaper
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 Whitworth quick return mechanism
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Planer Machine more productive (than shaping machines)
for longer and faster stroke, heavy cuts
(high feed and depth of cut) possible and
simultaneous use of a number of tools.

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 Working of a Planer Machine
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 Kinematic Diagram of a Planer
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RACK

IDLER

PINION MOTOR

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Slotting Machine

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 Kinematic Diagram of a Slotting Machine
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Shaping Machine Application

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Some unusual work can also be done, if needed, by developing
and using special attachments.

Making features like slots, steps

etc. which are also bounded by
flat surfaces. Fig. visualises the
methods of machining
(a) slot,
(b) pocket
(c) T-slot and
(d) Vee-block

in shaping machine by single

point tools.
Forming grooves bounded by short width curved surfaces by using single
point but form tools. Fig. typically shows how (a) oil grooves and (b) straight
tooth of spur gears can be made in shaping machine
 Different type of jobs

Side shaping Level Surface Rack Shaping Grooving

Shaping
Planning Machine Application

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Slotting Machine Application

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Differences between planning
machines from shaping machines
SHAPER MACHINE
Cutting action and functioning of clapper box
CLASSIFICATION OF SHAPER
 According to the type of mechanism used for giving
reciprocating motion to the ram:
◦ (a) Crank type
◦ (b) Geared type
◦ (c) Hydraulic type
 According to the type of design of the table:
◦ (a) Standard shaper
◦ (b) Universal shaper
 According to the position and travel of ram:
◦ (a) Horizontal type
◦ (b) Vertical type
◦ (c) Traveling head type
 According to the type of cutting stroke:
◦ (a) Push type
◦ (b) Draw type.
CLASSIFICATION
• Crank shapers
Crank shapers are most commonly used. A rocker arm, operated by a crank
pin from the main driving gear, gives the ram of the crank shaper a back-
and-forth (reciprocating) motion.

• Gear shapers
Gear shapers are driven by a gear and rack assembly. Gear shapers have a
reversible electric motor or mechanical mechanism which quickly returns
the ram, in readiness for another cut.

• Hydraulic shapers
Hydraulic shapers are driven by movement of a piston in an oil-filled
cylinder. Mechanical features on these shapers are the same as those on
crank shapers.
Crank And Slotted Shaper
Hydraulic Shaper
According to the type of cutting stroke

 Push Type Shaper

 This is the most general type of shaper used in common
practice, in which the metal is removed when the ram moves
away from the column, i.e. pushes the work.
 Draw Type Shaper
 In this type of shaper, the cutting of metal takes place when
the ram moves towards the column of the machine, i.e.
draws the work towards the machine.
 The tool is set in a reversed direction to that of a
standard shaper.
According to the type of design of the table
 Standard Shaper
 In standard shaper, the table has only
two movements, horizontal and
vertical, to give the feed.

 Universal Shaper
 A universal shaper is mostly used in tool
room work.
 In this type of shaper, in addition to the
horizontal and vertical movements, the
table can be swiveled about an axis
parallel to the ram ways, and the upper
portion of the table can be tilted about
a second horizontal axis perpendicular
to the first axis.
Classification of Shapers
 Horizontal Shaper
 In this type of shaper, the ram holding the tool reciprocates in a
horizontal axis.
 Vertical Shaper
 In vertical shaper, the ram reciprocates in a vertical axis. These
shapers are mainly used for machining keyways, slots or grooves,
and internal surfaces.
 Travelling Head Shaper
 In this type of shaper, the ram while it reciprocates, also moves
crosswise to give the required feed.
Shaper Operations

 Machining Horizontal Surfaces

 Machining Vertical Surfaces
 Machining Angular Surfaces
 Cutting Slots, Grooves and Keyways
 Machining Irregular Surfaces
 Machining Splines or Cutting Gears
Shaper operation
 Shaper machine
Machine size 12’’ to 36’’
Length of stroke 14’’ to 38’’
Range of ram speeds 12, 24, 40 and 72 strokes per minute
Working surface of table 483 mm × 333 mm
Max table travel in horizontal 610 mm
Max table travel in vertical 457 mm
Max. vertical travel to tool slide 4’’ to 7’’
Max. swivel of tool head 60 degree
Width of Ram 8 1/2“ to 13"
No of speeds 3 to 4
HP Required 1 to 5
Parts of shaping machine
 Working of a Planer Machine
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 Different type of jobs

Side shaping Level Surface Rack Shaping Grooving

Shaping
Shaper operation
Some unusual work can also be done, if needed, by developing
and using special attachments.
Forming grooves bounded by short width curved surfaces by using single
point but form tools. Fig. typically shows how (a) oil grooves and (b) straight
tooth of spur gears can be made in shaping machine
 Specification of a shaper
Machine size 12’’ to 36’’
Length of stroke 14’’ to 38’’
Range of ram speeds 12, 24, 40 and 72 strokes per minute
Working surface of table 483 mm × 333 mm
Max table travel in horizontal 610 mm
Max table travel in vertical 457 mm
Max. vertical travel of tool slide 4’’ to 7’’
Max. swivel of tool head 60 degree
Width of Ram 8 1/2“ to 13"
No of speeds 3 to 4
HP Required 1 to 5
 Applications
 Internal flat surfaces
 Enlargement and / or finishing non-
circular holes bounded by a number of
flat surfaces as shown in Fig. (a)
 Blind geometrical holes like hexagonal
socket as shown in Fig. (b)