Explanatory notes for VAHO3532007
Explanatory Notes for questions 1 and 2:
1. ‘Extant’ is living or ‘existing’. ‘Extent’, meaning range, is
unrelated.’ Extinct’ is the antonym. Something that is ‘innate’
is inborn and so is unrelated. Choice (1)
2. ‘Misappropriate’ is to misuse funds entrusted to one’s care.
‘Embezzle’ is its synonym. The others are unrelated.
‘Delegate’ is to assign or entrust. ‘Divulge’ is to reveal.
‘Ascertain’ is to find something out for certain. Choice (2)
Explanatory Notes for questions 3 and 4:
3. ‘Cleave’ means to divide or splinter. Sever is to break. Desert
is to abandon. ‘Bond’ which means to bind or come together
is its antonym. Choice (3)
4. ‘Derision’ is a noun which means mockery, ‘Inference’ is a
suggestion. ‘Profanity’ is something that is unholy. Eulogy is
praise and is the opposite of ‘derision’ Choice (3)
Explanatory Notes for question 5:
5. The meaning of the expression, ‘entente cordiale’, is ‘friendly
understanding’. Choice (4)
Explanatory Notes for question 6:
6. The meaning of the word ‘courtly’ is ‘dignified’.
Choice (3)
Explanatory Notes for question 7:
7. ‘Nettled’ means to be ‘annoyed’ or vexed, ‘provoked’ means
to be annoyed or irked. Energized is to obtain strength from.
‘Comforted’ is the antonym of nettled; it means soothed.
Choice (2)
Explanatory Notes for question 8:
8. The meaning of ‘ad lib’ is to speak or perform without
preparation. Choice (2)
Explanatory Notes for question 9:
9. The meaning of ‘sanguine’ is hopeful or cheerful. The
meaning of ‘dejected’ is depressed or disheartened. Hence
the two words are antonymous to each other.
Choice (2)
Explanatory Notes for question 10:
10. ‘a damp squib’ means ‘much less impressive than expected’.
Choice (4)
Explanatory Notes for question 11:
11. To ‘bottom out’ is to stop getting worse ___ the most
appropriate option to be used in this context. The verb
‘bottom’ does not take any other preposition.
Choice (4)
Explanatory Notes for question 12:
12. The meaning of the word ‘laudable’ is ‘praiseworthy’.
Choice (2)
Explanatory Notes for question 13:
13. ‘Associated’, ‘related’ and ‘accompanying’ are all synonyms
of ‘concomitant’. Only ‘abhorrent’ (inspiring disgust or
loathing) is inappropriate in the context. Choice (4)
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Explanatory Notes for question 14:
14. All words except ‘exhort’ mean take by force. Exhort means
to encourage or urge. Choice (4)
Explanatory Notes for question 15:
15. ‘black’ can be associated with all the 5 words black spot,
black board, black coffee, black bird, black magic.
Choice (1)
Explanatory Notes for question 16:
16. ‘veracity’ and ‘authenticity’, exhibit a synonymous
relationship.’ laziness’ and ‘indolence’ are synonyms
Choice (3)
Explanatory Notes for question 17:
17. ‘lugubrious’ and ‘mirthful’ are antonyms. All the remaining
pairs of words in options (1), (2), and (3) also have
antonymous relationships. Only in choice (4) is the
relationship between the two words not antonymous – they
are synonymous. Choice (4)
Explanatory Notes for question 18:
18. ‘Gourmand’ is a person who is fond of eating and ‘gourmet’
means someone with a great knowledge of food, wine etc.
The correct option is (1) as ‘William’ enjoys fixed price buffet.
Choice (1)
Explanatory Notes for question 19:
19. The correct spelling is ‘kaleidoscope’ which means a toy with
consists of a tube and forms different patterns when moved.
Choice (4)
Explanatory Notes for question 20:
20. A dash is used to indicate a sudden change of thought and
the second part of the sentence is a question, hence should
have a question mark. Choice (4)
Explanatory Notes for question 21:
21. ‘break’ fits into all the 4 blanks, 'work without a break,' ‘break
of dawn’, ‘a brief break’, ‘break an egg’ and 'ten-minute
break' Hence the answer is (2). Choice (2)
Explanatory Notes for question 22:
22. The error is in (3). The sentence talks about the popularity of
Indiana Jones. The structure is incorrect due to error in
parallelism i.e., “owes more to x than to y” is the appropriate
structure. The ‘to’ after than is missing in the given sentence.
The rule of parallelism states that when two or more entities
are combined using a conjunction, they must be of the same
grammatical form. Choice (3)
Explanatory Notes for question 23:
23. Choice (2) is the best option because it states that orchids
are ‘exotic’ plants (coming from or characteristic of a different
country) and they are difficult to grow in tropical countries.
Choice (2)
Explanatory Notes for question 24:
24. Ι. ‘Visited’ offers a clue We can ‘identify’ famous
VAHO3532007.Exp/1
 landmarks without ever having visited them.
Choice (1)
ΙΙ . Photography is a means of ‘visual’ communication.
Choice (3)
ΙΙΙ. ‘Pervasive’ means all-pervading or omnipresent.
Photography is so ‘pervasive’ that we cannot imagine a
time when it did not exist. Choice (1)
Explanatory Notes for question 25:
25. Choice (1) is incorrect because the usage of ‘much’ to
denote ‘cultural forms’ is incorrect. Choice (2) is incorrect
because ‘rising’ is incorrect. It should be rise. Further the
article ‘the’ is appropriate in this context because a particular
period is being referred to. Choice (4) is incorrect because
of the usage of the present continuous tense
(corresponding). Choice (3)
Explanatory Notes for question 26:
26. The paragraph points to the various ways in which fungi
differ from plants although they are grouped in the plant
kingdom. The apt concluding line is (1) which points to the
only feature they share with plants. Choices (2) to (4)
continue the idea but do not conclude it. Choice (1)
Explanatory Note for question 27:
27. Neither A nor B can fit in between the two statements as the
two given sentences talk about fighting against terror based
on the principles of justice and fairness, while A and B talk
about fighting against terror collectively. The two statements
make a complete paragraph by themselves and neither A
nor B is required for the logical completion of the paragraph.
Choice (4)
Explanatory Notes for question 28:
28. The text says that Lord Mountbatten announced the date
when India would be given independence. This was a
bombshell since no one had been consulted. His manner of
bringing down the curtain can only be described as
precipitously which means hastily and without careful
consideration. Choice (1)
Explanatory Notes for question 29:
29. Choices (1) can be eliminated because a e is not the right
combination. In choices (3) and (4), b is paired with f, which
is not the right combination. The right combination is seen
only in choice (2). Choice (2)
Explanatory Notes for question 30:
30. The usage of the word ‘home’ is inappropriate in choice (3)
because ‘home’ is a place which is associated with warmth.
But a brick and mortar structure is being referred to
Choice (3)
Explanatory Notes for question 31:
31. 'Tampered' means to interfere so as to weaken or change
and is apt in the context. Tempered means to make hard or
tough – (a). 'Drought' refers to lack of water while draught
means a single act of drinking or inhaling. Drought is
appropriate here – (b).
The minister has a role or a part to play, not roll – (a).
Flow – flowed – flowed
Fly – flew – flown
So flowed in appropriate – (b).
Venial is what can be pardoned or forgiven, venal means
corrupt and is appropriate here – (b). So the right sequence
is ababb. Choice (3)
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Explanatory Notes for question 32:
32. Here love is being compared to the deep blue sea. In a simile
a comparison is made between 2 unlike objects having one
point in common. Choice (1)
Explanatory Notes for question 33:
33. Choice (2) is incorrect because the word ‘it’ should be
replaced by ’them’. The word ‘resources’ is a plural noun and
hence the pronoun should be ‘them’. In choices (3) and (4)
the word ‘earth’ should be preceded by the definite article
‘the’. Choice (1)
Explanatory Notes for question 34:
34. Choices (1), (2) and (3) are incorrect because little means
‘not much’ and has a negative meaning. Hence ‘little’ should
be preceded by the article ‘a’ − ‘a little’ is positive and means
‘some’. Choice (4)
Explanatory Notes for question 35:
35. Choice (1) is incorrect because of the preposition over. The
reference here, is to policy makers all over the globe. Hence
the sentence should be corrected as ‘policy makers all over
the globe …..’or ‘policy makers across the globe ‘………’.
Further, the word ‘economy’ should be in the plural as the
reference is to the economies of several countries.
Choice (2) is erroneous because of the expression ‘..…along
the globe …..’.Choice (3) is incorrect because the word
economy should be in the plural. Only choice (4) is
grammatically correct. Choice (4)
Explanatory Notes for questions 36 and 37:
36. The correct Choice is (1). The present sentence is an
imperative sentence. The sentence here begins with the root
form (close) of the verb so, we can use ‘let’.
Choice (1)
37. The correct Choice is (3). Here, the statement starts with
‘how’. No conjunction is used when the sentence begins with
questions words like who, whose, whom, what, which, when,
why, where, how etc. The reporting verb can be changed to
ask, enquire, demand, wonder etc. Here, after the question
word, the pronoun or noun follows which is, in turn, followed
by verb. The reporting verb here can be ‘wondered’ as the
detective is not enquiring anything. The tense in the reported
speech changes to past tense, as the tense in the direct
speech is in the simple present tense. Choice (3)
Explanatory Notes for question 38:
38. Only d can begin the sentence, since the others begin with
conjunction (and), preposition (to) and relative pronoun
(who). a follows b − ‘who’ in a refers to people in ‘b’. Hence
dbac is the right order. Choice (2)
Explanatory Notes for question 39:
39. ‘c’ is an apt statement to begin the paragraph because c
introduces the subject. e sounds rather abrupt as an opening
statement. Hence choices (1) and (2) can be ruled out.
Statement c should be followed by e because c states that
Indians are the biggest consumers of gold and e mentions
the quantity consumed in a year. Choice (3)
Explanatory Notes for question 40:
40. Choice (4) is the odd man out because choices 1, 2 and 3
speak about poems (an elegy, a sonnet and an ode are all
poems) while choice (4) speaks about a novel.
Choice (4)