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Facts at Your Fingertips-200410-Fluid Mechanics
Facts at Your Fingertips-200410-Fluid Mechanics
Facts at Your Fingertips-200410-Fluid Mechanics
D econ = ⎢⎢ ⎥
(NPSH )
CC ⋅ PP
Diffusers and sudden expansions: ⎢⎣ ⎥⎦
Specific diameter (Ds)
Pump power output (Q at full capacity) (Compressors)
0.25
Friction heating in a pipe D s = D ⋅ H0.5
kW = H ⋅ Q ⋅ ρ / 3.670 × 10 5 Q
(Laminar flow of Newtonian fluids)
(H in N·m/kg; Q in m3/h; ρ in kg/m3)
Flow coefficient (φ)
kW = H ⋅ Q / 3.599 × 10 6 (Compressors)
(Q1)2 h1
h head
Mach number hfs suction friction head
hgs gage reading at the suction flange
M = V/c Specific speed (Ns)** of a pump
0.5 hss static suction head
Speed of sound N s = N ⋅ 0Q.75 hvs velocity head at point of gage
H attachment
⎛ ⎞
c = ⎜K ⎟ (Q in gal/min; H in ft·lbf /lbm) H total dynamic head
⎝ ρ⎠ K
•
bulk modulus
**For compressors, H is adiabatic head m mass flowrate
M Mach number
(NPSH)A available net positive suction head
The Affinity Laws (pumps) (NPSH)R required net positive suction head
N impeller rotational speed, rpm
Constant impeller dia. Constant impeller speed p vapor pressure
(D = impeller dia.) P pressure
PC pumping cost constant, $/(hp·yr)
Capacity Q1 N1 Q1 D1
= = PP purchase price constant,
Q2 N 2 Q 2 D2 $/[in. (dia.) · ft (of length)]
Q volumetric flowrate
Head H1
=
( )
N1
2
h1
=
( )
D1
2 Re
s
Reynolds number
specific gravity
H2 N2 ( )2 h2 D2( )2 V
z
velocity
position in the direction opposite
that of gravity
Break BHP1
=
N1( )3 BHP1
=
P1 ( )3 ε pipe roughness
horsepower µ
BHP2 N2( )3 BHP2 P2 ( )3 ρ
fluid viscosity
density