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MATERI
Pertemuan ke-4
Kisi kristal dan sel satuan
DASAR-DASAR KRISTALOGRAFI
Parameter-parameter kisi

(GEOMETRI KRISTAL)
Koordinat fraksional

Indeks Miller, Bidang Kristal dan Arah Kristal
NURUN NAYIROH, M.Si
Sistem Kristal

DIFRAKSI SINAR-X

KRISTAL
The word ‘crystal’ denotes a material with clear opacity or
reflectivity and regular, beautiful shapes, such as shown in Figure
4.1. Howerver, regular arrangement of atoms does not always
result in opacity or perfect reflectivity. Many types of materials are
classified as crystals without exhibiting this properties, such as
metals, composite ceramics, or even riverside sands.

Figure 4.1. Macroscopic view of crystals, (a) diamond, (b) scapolite and (c) ceramic
composite. A crystal does not necessarily something shiny (c).
Sebuah kristal terdiri dari susunan sel satuan (unit cell) yang periodik di
dalam sebuah kisi. Unit cell dapat mengandung atom tunggal atau atam-
atom dalam susunan yang tetap.
Kristal-krital itu terdiri dari bidang-bidang atom yang menempati suatu
jarak d tertentu, tetapi dapat dipecah ke dalam beberapa bidang atom, tiap
jarak d yang berbeda.
a,b dan c (panjang) dan sudut α, β, dan γ diantara a,b dan c adalah
konstanta kisi atau parameter-parameter yang dapat ditentukan dengan
XRD.

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Kisi dan Sel Satuan

Setiap kristal diturunkan dari “building block” dasar yang berulang
ke segala arah. “Building block” ini dikenal sebagai unit sel (sel
satuan).
Kisi Kristal

In many crystals, atoms are placed in the lattice points but in many
others atoms are placed in between. Examples of how the atoms are
placed are shown in Figure 4.2 for Al metal and NaCl. These
examples show the structure of the crystals. Some other simple
crystal structures are as shown in Table 1.2. Structures with single
atom are labelled with ‘A’ prefix, while those with two and three
atoms are with ‘B’ and ‘C’ prefices.

Figure 4.2. Atoms are arranged in the lattice to form

a crystal. (a) Al crystal, (b) NaCl crystal.

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Fraksi Koordinat Atomik

In a unit cell, the position of a point is

described using (x, y, z), called
fractional coordinates. Figure 4.3
shows an example of fractional
coordinates for atom Na and atom Cl
in a NaCl crystal.

Figure 4.3. Fractional coordinates for atom Na and atom Cl

in a NaCl crystal.

Example 1.2: Fractional Coordinates

A NaCl crystal has a cubic structure with a = 5.640 Å. Find
the absolute position of a chlor atom which has fractional
coordinates of (0 ½ ½).
Answer:
Following above equation with (x, y, z) = (0, ½, ½) and a =
b = c, the absolute positions for the chlor atom are
X = (0) x a = 0
Y = (½)(b) = (½)(5.640 Å) = 2.820 Å
Z = (½)(c) = (½)(5.640 Å) = 2.820 Å
or, (0, 2.820, 2.820) Å.

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7 Sistem Kristal

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Beberapa bidang atom dan jarak d-nya dalam

Indeks Miller:hkl simple cubic
Indeks Miller adalah kebalikan dari
fraksi intercept dimana bidang –bidang
membuat sumbu kristalografi.

(010)

Bilangan warna hitam adalah fraksi intercept, bilangan warna biru adalah indeks-
Miller

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Pengindeksian Bidang dan Arah

Bidang dan Jarak antar Bidang (d)
(1 1 1)
c c

b b
a a [1 1 0]

simbol arah: [uvw] Sebuah bidang: (hkl)

<uvw>: suatu set sama {hkl}: suatu set sama dengan
dengan arah. bidang

JARAK ANTAR BIDANG KRISTAL KUBIK

Tugas

A cubic crystal has lattice parameters a = b = c = 5
Angstrom. Draw two lattice planes of (0 1 1), (2 0 1), (3 1
0), and (1 1 2). in the crystal and make lattice direction of it!

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ARAH BIDANG KRISTAL KUBIK

Bilangan Koordinasi (CN)

Atau angka yang menyatakan banyaknya atom-atom tetangga terdekat.

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SIMETRI DAN OPERASINYA

KITA LANJUTKAN MINGGU DEPAN.......

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