M M M

Motor Bus Transfer

Introduction

To maintain plant operation and process continuity, motor
buses may require transfer from a present (old) source to a new
source:

- Power plants
- Industrial facilities

Motor Bus Transfer (MBT) schemes and systems are employed

to maintain process continuity in processes served by large
motors or aggregates of smaller and large motors.

Larger motors, of both the synchronous and induction variety,

may require comprehensive, integrated source transfer
strategies in order to avoid mechanical damage.
 Motor Bus Transfer

Introduction

The coast down period and resultant voltage and frequency decay
may take seconds, and unsupervised source transfer may cause
damage.

During improper transfer, mechanical damage may occur in the

motor, the coupling to the load or the load itself, and is primarily
caused by excessive shaft torque.

The total mission of a MBT system is not only to maintain process

continuity but also to effect source transfers so as not to cause
any damage to the motors and connected loads.
 Motor Bus Transfer

Why Transfer Motor Load Sources?

Fault on present supply

Interruption on present supply

For power supply security, transfer to on-site source when

storm approaches

Plant Start Up and Shut Down

Maintenance
 Motor Bus Transfer

Unit-Connected Generator Motor Bus

GSU
Transformer
Unit Aux Startup
Transformer Transformer
MAIN VT STARTUP VT
NC NO
G Motor Bus

M M M Other
MOTOR BUS VT Load
 Motor Bus Transfer

Two-Breaker Configuration
MAIN SOURCE STARTUP SOURCE

UNIT AUXILIARY STATION SERVICE

TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER

CT-M CT-SU

VT-M M-4272 VT-SU

52 N.C. N.O. 52
M VT-B SU

STATION BUS SYSTEM

M M
 Motor Bus Transfer

Combined Cycle Plant Motor Bus

 Motor Bus Transfer

Typical Industrial Plant One-Line

Utility
Incoming 1 Supply System Incoming 2
Bus 1 Bus 2
Supply Source Supply Source
(Bus 2 Backup Source) INCOMING 1 VT (Bus 1 Backup Source)
INCOMING 2 VT
BUS 1 VT NC NC BUS 2 VT

Bus 1 Bus Tie Bus 2

NO

M M M M M M
 Motor Bus Transfer

Three-Breaker Configuration
(Main-Tie-Main)
NORMAL SOURCE (Main 1 ) ALTERNATE SOURCE (Main 2)

NORMAL SOURCE ALTERNATE SOURCE

TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER

CT-M1 CT-M2

M-4272 M-4272
VT-M1 VT-M2

52 N.C. N.C. 52
M1 M2

VT-B1 VT-B2

BUS-TIE
STATION BUS SYSTEM BUS 1 BUS 2
52T
CT-B1 CT-B2
N.O.
M M M M
 Motor Bus Transfer

Phase Angle and Motor Bus Voltage

Characteristics

Phase angle rate of change (caused by deceleration of the motors during

transfer) and the rate of voltage decay determined by the type of motors in
use and the type of loads being driven.
 Motor Bus Transfer

Coast Down of Low Inertia Load on a Large

Induction Motor
 Motor Bus Transfer

Motor & Load Characteristics:

Effects on MBT

Motor Size: The larger the motor, the longer the time the voltage
will take to decay on an induction motor.

Loading: The higher the load on the motors, the faster the motor
bus frequency will decay.

Inertia: The higher the inertia of the aggregate motor loads on the
motor bus, the more slowly the motor bus frequency will decay
during the disconnected coast down period. That has a direct
impact on how fast the phase angle changes.
- Low inertia loads will cause the phase angle to change quickly,
as the frequency of motor bus decays quickly, and the slip
frequency between the motor bus and the new source
quickly increases.
 Motor Bus Transfer

Motor & Load Characteristics:

Effects on MBT

Mix of Synchronous and Induction Motors:

- Voltage will tend to decay much more rapidly on a motor bus with all
induction motors

- On a motor bus with a mix of synchronous and induction motors, the

synchronous motors will attempt to hold up the voltage during the
transfer interval
 Motor Bus Transfer

Resultant V/Hz

Pursuant to phase angle and voltage, and their effect on

resultant V/Hz, some generalizations can be made:

- Phase Angle: As the phase angle increases between the two

sources, assuming the two source voltages are the same, the
V/Hz will increase

- Voltage: As the voltage difference between the two sources

increases, assuming the phase angle between the sources
remains the same, the V/Hz will increase
 Motor Bus Transfer

V/Hz Resultant from ES and EM

ANSI STANDARD C50.41-2000
C50.41 is an American National Standard
Institute standard only found under NEMA.
ANSI C50.41-2000
Status is Current.
C50.41 originally was a combined ANSI/IEEE standard, however
it is no longer under the IEEE. Four NEMA representatives
were included as part of the Working Group for the 2000
Standard. The standard is now available on the NEMA
website and it is still active as an ANSI Standard.
The link is:
http://www.nema.org/stds/results.cfmsrchString=c50.41&UserSel
ectedSubSites=12
 Motor Bus Transfer

V/Hz Resultant from ES and EM

ANSI STANDARD C50.41-2000
Excerpts from ANSI C50.41-2000
 Motor Bus Transfer

V/Hz Resultant from ES and EM

ANSI STANDARD C50.41-2000
Excerpts from ANSI C50.41-2000
 Motor Bus Transfer

V/Hz Resultant from ES and EM

ANSI STANDARD C50.41-2000
Excerpts from ANSI C50.41-2000
 Motor Bus Transfer

V/Hz Resultant from ES and EM

ANSI STANDARD C50.41-2000
2 2
ER = ES + EM − 2 E S E M cos θ
E M = 0.81 pu

E
R =
1.3
3p
u
@ -95 degree

θ
s

ES = 1 pu @ 0 degrees
 Motor Bus Transfer

Motor Bus Transfer Classification

▪ Closed Transition
- Hot Parallel Transfer
▪ Open Transition - Methods
- Fast Transfer
- In-Phase Transfer
- Residual Voltage Transfer
- Fixed Time Transfer
▪ Open Transition - Modes
- Sequential
- Simultaneous
 Motor Bus Transfer

Closed Transition – Hot Parallel Transfer

▪ New source connected to the motor bus before the old source
is tripped. Transfers sources without interruption.

▪ Voltages and phase angle between the motor bus and the new
source must be evaluated prior to the transfer to assure that the
motor bus and the new source are in synchronism and that the
new source voltage is within acceptable limits.

▪ Auto Trip provisions must be incorporated such that, if the new

source breaker is closed but the old source breaker remains
closed, the transfer system must immediately trip the old
source breaker. This allows parallel transfer but prohibits
inadvertent parallel operation.

▪ Alternatively, Auto Trip provisions can be programmed to trip

the new source breaker that may have been inadvertently
closed.
 Motor Bus Transfer

Closed Transition – Hot Parallel Transfer

Source 1 Source 2
(Old Source) (New Source)

Motor Bus

M M M
 Motor Bus Transfer

Closed Transition – Hot Parallel Transfer

Source 1 Source 2
(Old Source) (New Source)

Motor Bus

M M M
 Motor Bus Transfer

Closed Transition – Hot Parallel Transfer

Source 1 Source 2
(New Source) (Old Source)

Motor Bus

M M M
 Motor Bus Transfer

Closed Transition - Hot Parallel Transfer

Advantages
- No disruption of plant process
- Simple to implement with sync-check relay supervision across
new source breaker
- No transient torque on motors during the transfer

Disadvantages
- Will not work during transient (emergency) conditions Do not
want to connect “good” source to new source that is having
problems.
- Exposure to double-fed motor faults during parallel operation
may violate the interrupt rating for the circuit breakers and the
short term withstand ratings source transformers and damage
bus-connected equipment
- Design must ensure that a parallel condition is temporary
- The two sources may not be derived from the same primary
source and a large standing phase angle may be present
between them, precluding a hot parallel transfer
 Motor Bus Transfer

Open Transition
▪ Open Transition - Methods
- Fast Transfer
- In-Phase Transfer
- Residual Voltage Transfer
- Fixed Time Transfer
▪ Open Transition - Modes
- Sequential Mode
- Simultaneous Mode
 Motor Bus Transfer

Open Transition

Source 1 Source 2
(Old Source) (New Source)

Motor Bus

M M M
 Motor Bus Transfer

Open Transition

Source 1 Source 2
(Old Source) (New Source)

Motor Bus

M M M
 Motor Bus Transfer

Open Transition

Source 1 Source 2
(New Source) (Old Source)

Motor Bus

M M M
 Motor Bus Transfer

Open Transition - Methods

- Fast Transfer
- In-Phase Transfer
- Residual Voltage Transfer

Bus Transfer Zones

-π

-2π
 Motor Bus Transfer
Fast Transfer Method

The new source breaker will
be closed by the Fast
Transfer Method if the
phase angle between the
motor bus and the new
source is within or moves
into the phase angle limit
during the Fast Transfer
Enable (Time) Window.

One-cycle phase angle
response is required.

Closing is also supervised
by an Upper and Lower
Voltage Limit check on the
new source.
 Motor Bus Transfer
In-Phase Transfer Method

The new source breaker will be closed using the In-Phase
Transfer Method by predicting movement through zero phase
coincidence between the motor bus and the new source during
the In-Phase Transfer Enable Window.

Closing is also supervised by an Upper and Lower Voltage Limit
check on the new source and a Slip (∆
∆F) Frequency Limit between
the motor bus and the new source.

The calculation of the predicted phase coincidence shall be
compared with the breaker closing time setting for the new
source breaker for the In-Phase Transfer method.

In order to accurately predict phase coincidence, considering the
decaying motor bus frequency, the phase angle, slip frequency
and rate-of-change of frequency between the motor bus and the
new source must be calculated and inserted in the following
second order partial differential equation to solve for the precise
breaker closing advance angle (Φ) to compensate for the breaker
closing time (TB). One-cycle response is required.
 Motor Bus Transfer
In-Phase Transfer Method
 Motor Bus Transfer
Open Transition – Sequential Mode
Transfer Timing Sequence

If the Sequential Mode is selected, the old source breaker

shall be tripped immediately, but closure of the new source
breaker shall be attempted only upon confirmation by the
breaker status contact that the old source breaker has
opened. Upon receipt of this confirmation, all three methods
of transfer are immediately enabled to supervise closure of
the new source breaker.

Closure of the new source breaker will then occur when
permitted by the Fast, In-Phase or Residual Voltage Transfer
criteria, whichever occurs first.
 Motor Bus Transfer
Open Transition – Sequential Mode
Transfer Timing Sequence

(4 msec Delay w/M-4272)

(Window Adjustable w/M-4272)

 Motor Bus Transfer
Open Transition – Simultaneous Mode
Transfer Timing Sequence

If the Simultaneous Mode is selected, all three methods
of transfer are immediately enabled to supervise
closure of the new source breaker without waiting for
the breaker status contact confirmation that the old
source breaker has opened.

Thus, the commands for the old source breaker and
the new source breaker to trip and close could be sent
simultaneously if and only if the phase angle between
the motor bus and the new source is within the phase
angle limit immediately upon transfer initiation.

Otherwise, the old source breaker will be tripped but
closure of the new source breaker must wait until
permitted by the Fast, In-Phase or Residual Voltage
Transfer criteria, whichever occurs first.
 Motor Bus Transfer
Open Transition – Simultaneous Mode
Transfer Timing Sequence

Delays Eliminated

(4 msec Delay w/M-4272)

Window Adjustable w/M-4272)

 Motor Bus Transfer

Fast Transfer
Sequential Trip and Close of Old
and New Source Breakers (“early b” breaker status contact)

Advantages

- Fast (5 to 7 cycles)
- Transient torques are reduced due to speed of transfer
- Transfer of complete bus with reduced interrupting of process
- Rapid supervision of the phase angle just prior and just after old
source interruption is mandatory and possible with high-speed
sync-check relays
- Avoids parallel transfer operation
- Avoids exposure to breaker failure effects

COMMENT: Presently, the majority of fast transfer systems

are NOT supervised by high-speed sync-check relays.
 Motor Bus Transfer

Fast Transfer
Simultaneous Trip and Close of Old
and New Source Breakers

Advantages
- REALLY Fast - minimum dead time for bus (2 to 3 cycles)
- Least exposure to transient torque in motors if system operates
as expected
- Transfer of complete bus with minimum interrupting of process
- Rapid supervision of the phase angle just prior and just after
old source interruption is mandatory and possible with high-
speed sync-check relays
- Avoids “intentional” parallel transfer operation

Considerations – Breaker Failure Scheme is a MUST !
- Failure of old source breaker to trip back feeds generator from
new source
- AND exposes equipment to double-fed faults for which it was
not designed
- Presently, the majority of fast transfer systems are NOT
supervised by high-speed sync-check relays
 Motor Bus Transfer

Conclusions

The fast transfer requires a ringdown or simulation analysis to
determine the phase angle limit at the instant of connection to
the new source.

Worst case scenarios should be considered that include rapid

external system changes, changes in loading that include
inertia, and mixture of synchronous and induction machines.

The sync check equipment to be used for supervising fast

transfers must be able to detect a phase angle pickup or
block very rapidly if the angle moves in or out of the desired
range.

Sync check relays used for traditional applications do not

have the required speed of operation to effectively
pickup or block if required.
 Motor Bus Transfer

Conclusions

The in-phase transfer offers an opportunity to synchronize a
motor bus on the first available slip cycle
- This type of transfer will enable process continuity as the
motors are still spinning and the resultant V/Hz for an in-
phase close is well below the 1.33 pu maximum

Specialized high speed synchronizing equipment permits in-

phase transfer that can determine the deceleration of the
motor bus and effect a new source breaker closure at phase
coincidence.

Undervoltage relays classically used for residual voltage
transfer exhibit setpoint error at low frequency that could
permit an out-of-phase transfer well above the maximum
acceptable resultant V/Hz standard of 1.33 pu.

Undervoltage relays must be selected exhibiting
setpoint accuracy down to low frequencies.
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-5802 Syncrotran® Bus Transfer System

M-0272
M-0236B
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272
Digital Motor Bus Transfer System

Uses M-3425A
Expanded I/O Platform
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272
Digital Motor Bus Transfer System
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Functionality Provided
Hot Parallel Transfer (Manual Only)

Supervision of Parallel Transfer:
Sync Check
– Accurate phase angle, delta voltage and delta frequency measurement
– Fast blocking response
– Time delay for tripping adjustable
Timers
– Time window for transfer (1 to 50 cycles)
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Functionality Provided
Fast Transfer (Manual or Automatic)

Supervision of Fast Transfer:
High Speed Sync Check
– Accurate phase angle, delta voltage and delta frequency measurement
– Instantaneous blocking and pickup (<1 cycle) if phase moves at the time
of transfer
Voltage Level Check – New Source
– Verify voltage integrity of new source
Timers
– Time window for transfer
Load shedding
– Programmable Load shedding with no time delay
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Functionality Provided
In-Phase Transfer (Manual or Automatic)

Supervision of In-Phase Transfer:
High Speed Synchronizer
– Predictive advance angle calculation that compensates for circuit breaker
closing time
– Frequency and voltage difference supervision
– Two breaker time settings available for bi-directional transfers
Voltage Level Check - New Source
– Over/under voltage level supervision for new source verification
Timers
– Time window for transfer
Load shedding
– Programmable Load shedding with no time delay
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Functionality Provided

Residual Voltage Transfer (Manual or Automatic)

Voltage Level Check - Motor Bus
– Undervoltage relay applied on motor bus to sense safe level for reclosing.
– Voltage measurement accuracy independent of frequency from 4 to 67 Hz

Voltage Level Check - Motor Bus

Over/under voltage level supervision for new source verification

Load shedding
– Programmable Load shedding with no time delay
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Functionality Provided

Fixed Time Transfer (Automatic)

A transfer has been initiated when the motor bus voltage drops below the bus
undervoltage relay (27B) limit setting, but it is not possible to monitor the motor
bus voltage due to Bus VT fuse loss during a transfer operation.

The close command to new source breaker is issued after a selectable fixed
time delay (30 to 1000 cycles)
Load shedding
– Programmable Load shedding with no time delay
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Functionality Provided

Bus Phase Undervoltage (27B) for transfer initiate and/or load
shedding

Frequency (81) and Rate of Change of Frequency (81R) for load
shedding

Breaker Failure (50BF), Source 1 and Source 2

Sixteen Output Contacts
– Four output contacts (two trip and two close) for Present Source
and New Source
– One lockout/blocking output contact
– Eleven programmable output contacts (ten Form 'a' and one Form
'c')

Two RS-232 ports (front and rear) and one RS-485 port (rear)

IRIG-B time synchronization
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Functionality Provided

Eighteen Control Status Inputs
– Six Breaker Status inputs (a, b, and sp (service position) for the
Present Source and New Source breakers
– Twelve programmable digital inputs.

All functions can be enabled or disabled, except those listed as
"Common Function Settings”

Four trip and close circuit monitoring inputs

Remote/Local control selection

M-3931 Human-Machine Interface (HMI) Module

M-3972 Target Module (24 status LEDs and 8 output LEDs)

There are additional 4 status LEDs, 8 output LEDs and 12 input
LEDs located on the front panel.
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Functionality Provided
Options

RJ45 Ethernet Port Utilizing MODBUS over TCP/IP Protocol

5 A or 1 A models available

60 and 50 Hz models available
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Automatically attempts the following transfer types in order:
- Fast transfer
- In-phase transfer
- Residual voltage transfer
- Fixed time transfer

Offers Sequential (break-before-make) and Simultaneous break and
make operation modes

Provides five methods to initiate transfer
- Protective relay initiate (one-way or bi-directional)
- Bus phase undervoltage initiate (one-way or bi-directional)
- Auto close initiate (bi-directional)
- Manual initiate via Front Panel, contact input or communication

Provides trip and close to old and new source breakers

Provides programmable load shedding for Fast, In-Phase, Residual
Voltage and Fixed Time Transfers
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Standard Features

Circuit Breaker Control :

Control of two circuit breakers with two individual programmable
breaker closing times

Three-breaker configuration can be provided by two M-4272 devices

Breaker failure monitoring
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Lockout/Blocking

A transfer is blocked when any of the following lockout/blocking
conditions described below is active:
Voltage Blocking – If prior to a transfer, the new source voltage
exceeds the Upper or Lower voltage limits, all transfers are blocked
as long as the voltage remains outside these limits.
External Blocking – When this control input contact is closed, all
transfers are blocked.
Incomplete Transfer Lockout – Blocks any transfer initiated by a
protective relay initiate or an automatic initiated transfer or manual
transfer if the last transfer has not been completed within the time
delay. A time delay can be set from 50 to 3000 Cycles. The MBTS
remains in the lockout condition until manually reset.
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Communications

M-3872 ISScom™ Communications Software package for setpoint
interrogation/modification, metering, monitoring, and downloading
oscillographic records.

Metering of all measured inputs, measured and calculated
quantities

Phasor diagrams

Synchroscope display

Single line diagram mimic display

Sequence of Event logs and Transfer Event logs

Oscillograph recording

ISSplotTM Oscillographic Analysis Software graphically displays
waveforms to facilitate analysis, and also prints captured waveforms

Modbus,Modbus/TCP Communications

RS-232, RS-485, Ethernet

IRIG-B Time Synchronization
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Power Source

Two power supplies

Power Input - Flexibility and Range

110/120/230/240 V ac or 110/125/220/250 V dc

AC Range 85 – 265 V ac or DC Range 80 – 312.5 V dc

24/48 V dc

DC Range 18 – 56 V dc
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

System Setup

The System Setup consists of defining all pertinent information regarding the
connection environment.
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

System Setpoints

The System Setpoints screen consists of defining all Common, Automatic and
Manual Transfer settings, and Function settings.
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

System Setpoints

Common Function Settings, Inputs and Outputs
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

System Setpoints

Automatic Transfer Settings
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

TM

ISSlogic Setup Screen
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Metering and Status

The Single Line Diagram provides the user with the ability to observe the Delta Phase
Angle, Delta Voltage and Delta Frequency relationship between the Bus and the New
Source. The Single Line Diagram also displays the metering, the status of S1 and S2
breakers and the status of Manual Transfer Ready, Lockout/Blocking, Remote/Local and
Device On/Off.
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Metering and Status

Secondary Metering and Status Screen
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Transfer Event Log (Detail)
 Motor Bus Transfer

M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

System Status and Transfer Start Signal Status Screen
 Motor Bus Transfer
M-4272 Motor Bus Transfer System

Oscillographic Recorder Record Opened in ISSplotTM