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Muscular Dystrophy Conversion Gate 01
Muscular Dystrophy Conversion Gate 01
DYSTROPHY
By:
MR: SHAIKH MOHD ATHAR ABDUL QUDDUS
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CONTENT
1. Introduction
2. Sign And Symptoms
3. Clinical Stages of Muscular Dystrophy
4. Epidemiology
5. Types
6. Etiology
7. Animal Models
8. Diagnosis Of Muscular Dystrophy
9. Pharmaceutical Approach
10. Complication and Their Management
11. Case Study
12. Future Scope
13. Conclusion
14. References
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INTRODUCTION
The term muscular dystrophy refers to a group of
inherited muscle-destroying diseases that cause
progressive degeneration of skeletal muscle. [1]
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SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
Signs and symptoms vary with every type but some common are
progressive muscular wasting,
drooping eyelids, atrophy,
Scoliosis,
Inability to walk, frequent falls,
limited range of movement,
respiratory difficulty, joint contractures,
cardiomyopathy, arrhythmias,
muscle spasms,
gowers' sign. [2]
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CLINICAL STAGES OF
MUSCULAR DYSTROPHY
Stage 1: Early/pre-symptomatic
Stage 2: Early ambulatory (Walking)
Stage 3: Late Ambulatory (going off feet)
Stage 4: Early non-ambulatory
Stage 5: Late non-ambulatory
Stage 6 Palliative Cares / End of Life. [3]
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EPIDEMIOLOGY
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
is the most common form of
MD.
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TYPES
A. Duchenne (most common) and
Becker
B. Emery-Dreifuss
C. Limb-girdle,
D. Facioscapulohumeral,
E. Distal
F. Oculopharyngeal.[4]
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ETIOLOGY
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ANIMAL MODELS
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DIAGNOSIS OF MUSCULAR
DYSTROPHY
Family history
Blood test
Electromyography
Muscle biopsy
Histopathology
DNA test
Gene sequencing
Magnetic Resonance Imaging[3]
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PHARMACOLOGICAL APPROACH
Drug treatment
Gene therapy
Stem Cell Therapy
Physical and Occupational Therapy
Psychological, Orthopedic, Respiratory and Cardiovascular
Management
Rehabilitation
Ongoing clinical trials of various new therapies for muscular
dystrophy. [3]
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COMPLICATION AND THEIR
MANAGMENT
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CASE STUDY
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
A case of 11 year old male, who complained of gradually
progressive bilateral lower limb weakness since 5 years.
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FUTURE SCOPE
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REFRENCES
1) Tortora Gerard J. and Derrickson Bryan, “Principles Of Anatomy And
Physiology”, Twelfth Edition, 2008, John Wiley & Sons Publication, pg. no. 331.
2) wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscular dystrophy
3) Sharma Alok, “Stem Cell Therapy & Other Recent Advances in Muscular
Dystrophy”, 2011, Neurogen Brain and Spine Institute publication, pg. no. 1, 48-
51.
4) Emery E H Alan, “The Muscular Dystrophies”, Seminar, 2002, Volume 359,
Lancet publishing group, pg. no. 687-689.
5) Chambers Leigh “A Home Exercise Book Physiotherapy Management for
Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy”, Muscular Dystrophy Campaign publication,
2009, pg. no 2-6.
6) Hermans A., Pinto Y.M. , Merkies I.S.J., Smulders D., Crijns H.J., Faber C.G.
“Hereditary Muscular Dystrophies And The Heart”, Elsevier, 2010, Elsevier
publication , pg. no. 1-14.
7) Allamand Valérie and Campbell Kevin P., “Animal models for muscular
dystrophy: valuable tools for the development of therapies” Human Molecular
Genetics, 2000, Vol. 9, No. 16, pg. no 1-9.
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Thank You……
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