‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫)ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ(‬

‫ﺇﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻄﺎﻟﺒﺔ‬
‫ﻫﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﱐ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﰲ‬

‫ﲝﺚ ﻣﻘﺪﻡ ﻟﻨﻴﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﺎﺟﺴﺘﲑ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻣﻪ‬

‫ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‬

‫ﻛﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻌﺎﺭﻑ ﺍﻟﻮﺣﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‬

‫ﻧﻮﻓﻤﱪ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ‬
 ‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻞ ﺃﺣﺪ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ"ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ"‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻗﺘﻀﺖ ﻃﺒﻴﻌﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻋﺮﺿﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺒﲔ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ؛‬
‫ﻓﻌﺮﺽ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﹰﺎ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑ‪‬ﻴﻦ ﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻩ ﻋﱪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻭﺿﺢ‬
‫ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻣﺒﻴﻨﹰﺎ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺼ‪‬ﻞ ﰲ ﺁﺩﺍﺏ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﳋﺎﺻﺔ ﺑﻪ‪ .‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﰎ‬
‫ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﳕﻮﺫﺝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻣﻔﺼﻞ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ؛ ﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﱪ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺋﻲ؛ ﳉﻤﻊ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ ﺍﳌﺨﺘﺎﺭﺓ ﻟﻠﻨﻤﺎﺫﺝ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ؛ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﻭﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺷﺘﻤﻠﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﺋﻞ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﱃ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻨﺎﻳﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺃﺟﻞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺅﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ‪ ،‬ﻳﺘﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﰲ ﻣﻌﺎﳉﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺠﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻻﺳﺘﺠﺎﺑﺔ ﳌﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﻳﺆﻛﺪ ﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ ﺍﳊﻨﻴﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻘﻪ ﲜﻤﻴﻊ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ‪.‬‬

‫ب‬
 ABSTRACT

This work is devoted to the issue of Thematic Interpretation of Hadith as a mean of

interaction between Hadith and different issues of life. The study aims at bringing to
light this type of interpretation; theoretically, and practically in a way which suits the
needs of recent days. The work highlights this manner of interpretation by presenting
its definition, significance and historical background, from the birth of Islam until
present era. It points out the three types of thematic interpretation and identifies their
various steps and principles. To enhance the theoretical side; practical examples for
the three types of thematic interpretation were introduced. The study utilized the
historical method to trace the origins, and growth of Hadith interpretations. The
inductive method was used to extract the Hadith narations related to the topics which
were chosen for the examples of this study. While the analytical method was
concerned to examine issues in the light of hadith, in order to realize Its views
regarding them. The thesis shows the significance of relying on the theoretical part to
accomplish a comprehensive thematic interpretation; which confirms that Islam is
strongly related to all aspects of life, and not a mere religion for individual ritualistic
manifestation.

‫ﺝ‬
 APPROVAL PAGE

I certify that I have supervised and read this study and that in my opinion; it conforms
to acceptable standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and
quality, as a thesis for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and
Heritage (Qur'ān and Sunnah).

.................................
Muhammed Abul Lais
Supervisor

I certify that I have read this study and that in my opinion it conforms to acceptable
standards of scholarly presentation and is fully adequate, in scope and quality, as a
thesis for the degree of Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Qur'ān
and Sunnah).

.................................
Ahmad Mogtaba Bangha
Examiner

This thesis was submitted to the Department of Qur'ān and Sunnah studies and is
accepted as a fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Master of Islamic
Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Qur'ān and Sunnah).

.................................
Sofiah Samsuddin
Head,
Department of Qur'ān and Sunnah

This thesis was submitted to the Kulliyyah of Islamic Revealed knowledge and
Human sciences and is accepted as a fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of
Master of Islamic Revealed Knowledge and Heritage (Qur'ān and Sunnah).

.................................
Hazizan Md. Noon
Dean, Kulliyyah of Islamic
Revealed knowledge and Human
Sciences

‫د‬
 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that this dissertation is the result of my own investigations, except

where otherwise stated. I also declare that it has not been previously or concurrently

submitted as a whole for any other degrees at IIUM or other institutions.

Haifa Abdul Aziz Sultani AL-Ashrafi

Signature ………………………… Date…………………….

‫ﻫ‬
 ‫ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‬
‫ﺇﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﲝﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻊ ﻭﺇﺛﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﻷﲝﺎﺙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭﺓ‬
‫ﺣﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻊ ‪٢٠٠٧‬ﻡ ﳏﻔﻮﻇﺔ ﻟـ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﱐ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﰲ‬

‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻧﻈﺮﻳﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻻ ﳚﻮﺯ ﺇﻋﺎﺩﺓ ﺇﻧﺘﺎﺝ ﺃﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﰲ ﺃﻱ ﺷﻜﻞ ﻭﺑﺄﻱ ﺻﻮﺭﺓ )ﺁﻟﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺃﻭ ﺇﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﻧﻴﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻏﲑﻫﺎ( ﲟﺎ ﰲ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﺠﻴﻞ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺇﺫﻥ ﻣﻜﺘﻮﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺎﻻﺕ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﻟﻶﺧﺮﻳﻦ ﺍﻗﺘﺒﺎﺱ ﺃﻳﺔ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺑﺸﺮﻁ‬
‫ﺍﻻﻋﺘﺮﺍﻑ ﺑﻔﻀﻞ ﺻﺎﺣﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺍﳌﻘﺘﺒﺲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺛﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻭﻣﻜﺘﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﺣﻖ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ )ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻊ‬
‫ﺃﻭ ﺑﺼﻮﺭﺓ ﺁﻟﻴﺔ( ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺎﺗﻴﺔ ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻟﻴﺲ ﻷﻏﺮﺍﺽ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻡ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﻳﻜﻮﻥ ﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﺣﻖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﻧﺴﺦ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻃﺎﻟﺒﺘﻬﺎ ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﻮﺙ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٤‬ﺳﺘﺰﻭﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﻣﻊ ﺇﻋﻼﻣﻬﺎ ﻋﻨﺪ ﺗﻐﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٥‬ﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻻﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﻟﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﺳﺘﺤﺼﺎﻝ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻘﺘﻬﺎ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﺴﺎﺥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻏﲑ ﺍﳌﻨﺸﻮﺭ ﻟﻸﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﻨﻮﺍ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﱪﻳﺪﻱ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻹﻟﻜﺘﺮﻭﱐ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﻓﺮ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺇﺫﺍ ﱂ ﲡﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﺧﻼﻝ ﻋﺸﺮﺓ ﺃﺳﺎﺑﻴﻊ ﻣﻦ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻬﺔ ﺇﻟﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﺳﺘﻘﻮﻡ‬
‫ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﺨﺪﺍﻡ ﺣﻘﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺗﺰﻭﻳﺪ ﺍﳌﻄﺎﻟﺒﲔ ﺑﻪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻛﺪﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ‪ :‬ﻫﻴﻔﺎﺀ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺳﻠﻄﺎﱐ ﺍﻷﺷﺮﰲ‬

‫‪.........................‬‬ ‫‪.............................‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻊ‬

‫و‬
 ‫ﺇﱃ ﺭﻭﺡ ﻫﺎﺩﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮﻳﺔ ﻭﳐﺮﺟﻬﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻈﻠﻤﺎﺕ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺪﻧﺎ ﳏﻤﺪ ‪‬‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﺭ‪‬ﺑﻴﺎﱐ ﻭﳍﺞ ﻟﺴﺎ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ ﱄ‬

‫ﻱ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﳝﲔ‬‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪ ‪‬‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﻣﻦ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺳﻨﺪﻱ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺼﻴﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻲ‬

‫ﺯﻭﺟﻲ ﺍﻟﻔﺎﺿﻞ‬

‫ﺇﱃ ﺇﺧﻮﰐ ﻭﺃﺧﻮﺍﰐ ﻭﺃﺑﻨﺎﺋﻲ ﺍﻷﺣﺒﺔ‬

‫ﻭﺇﱃ ﻛﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺪﻱ ﺍﳊﺒﻴﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ‬

‫ﻟﻜﻢ ﲨﻴﻌﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﻱ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺿﻊ‬

‫ز‬
 ‫ﺷﻜﺮ ﻭﺗﻘﺪﻳﺮ‬

‫ﺑﻌﺪ ﲪﺪ ﺍﷲ ﺟ ﹼﻞ ﻭﻋﻼ‪ ،‬ﻭﺷﻜﺮﻩ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻴﺴﲑﻩ ﻭﺗﻮﻓﻴﻘﻪ ﱄ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﺃﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﻓﺎﻥ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺍﳋﲑﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﻟﺘﻜﺮﻣﻪ ﺑﺎﻹﺷﺮﺍﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﻋﺎﻳﺘﻪ ﺇﻳﺎﻩ ﺑﺘﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﻤﺔ ﻭﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻗﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻛﺎﻥ ﳍﺎ ﺩﻭﺭ ﻫﺎﻡ ﰲ ﺇﳒﺎﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﲞﺎﻟﺺ ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﺇﱃ ﳉﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻗﺸﺔ ﳑﺜﻠﺔ ﺑﻔﻀﻴﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﱮ ﺑﺎﻧﻘﺎ؛‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻓﻮﺯﻱ ﺑﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﻣﻦ ﻟﺘﻔﻀﻠﻬﻤﺎ ﺑﻘﺮﺍﺀﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﺳﺪﺍﺀ ﺍﻟﻨﺼﺢ ﻭﺍﻹﺭﺷﺎﺩ ﻟﺘﻘﻮﳝﻪ‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﺬﻳﺒﻪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﻳﻞ ﻟﻠﺠﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻣﺮﻛﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ؛ ﻹﺗﺎﺣﺘﻪ ﱄ ﻓﺮﺻﺔ ﺇﻛﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺼﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻙ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻣﻮﻓﻮﺭ ﻟﻘﺴﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﻭﻷﺳﺎﺗﺬﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺧﺺ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻣﺪﱐ ﺑﻨﺼﺎﺋﺤﻪ ﻭﺗﻮﺟﻴﻬﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻷﻛﺎﺩﳝﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻓﺠﺰﻯ ﺍﷲ ﺍﳉﻤﻴﻊ ﺧﲑ ﺍﳉﺰﺍﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻮﻩ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺰﺍﻥ ﺣﺴﻨﺎ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﺇﻧﻪ ﲰﻴﻊ ﳎﻴﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﺀ‪.‬‬

‫ح‬
 ‫ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬

‫ﺻﻔﺤﺔ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ............................................................‬ﺏ‬
‫ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﺍﻹﳒﻠﻴﺰﻳﺔ‪ ..............................................‬ﺝ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺒﻮﻝ‪ ...................................................................‬ﺩ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺼﺮﻳﺢ‪ ..................................................................‬ﻫ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﲝﻘﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻄﺒﻊ‪ ........................................................‬ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻹﻫﺪﺍﺀ‪ ...................................................................‬ﺯ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﻜﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﺪﻳﺮ‪ ............................................................‬ﺡ‬
‫ﳏﺘﻮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ............................................................‬ﻁ‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻱ‪ :‬ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪١ ....................................‬‬

‫ﺃ‪ .‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ‪٣...........................................‬‬
‫ﺏ‪ .‬ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﺳﺌﻠﺘﻪ‪٦ ..............................................‬‬
‫ﺩ‪ .‬ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪٧ .......................................................‬‬
‫ﻫ‪ .‬ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‪٧ ....................................................‬‬
‫ﻭ‪ .‬ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪١٠ .........................................................‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ‪١١‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪١٢ .......................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ‪١٢ ............................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ "ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ" ﺗﺮﻛﻴﺒﹰﺎ‪١٩ ....‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‪٢٥ ......‬‬

‫ط‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ‪٢٥ ................................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪٤٤ ..............‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‪٤٨.............‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ‪٤٨ ...............................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻋﻼﻗﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻷﺧﺮﻯ‪٦١ .............‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻩ‪٦٢ ............‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪٦٤ .........................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪٦٤ ..........................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‪٦٨ ...............................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪٧٥....‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ )ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻋﻦ ﻃﺮﻳﻖ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﻄﻮﺍﺗﻪ(‪٧٥ ........................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ )ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﻄﻮﺍﺗﻪ(‪٨٠ ........................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ )ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﻄﻮﺍﺗﻪ(‪٨٣ ........................................................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻩ‪٨٨ ...............‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪٨٨ .....................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪١٠٤ .....................‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻷﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪١٢٤ .............‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﻔﻈﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫"ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ"‪١٢٥.................................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ "ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ" ﻭﻣﺸﺘﻘﺎﺗﻪ ‪١٢٧...........................‬‬

‫ي‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺣﻜﻤﻪ ﻭﻋﻠﻞ ﲢﺮﳝﻪ‪١٤٧ ...‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻋﻠﻞ ﲢﺮﱘ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺭ ﻭﻋﻘﺎﺏ ﺍﳌﺼﻮﺭ‪١٦١.....................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺑﻊ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﻮﺗﻮﻏﺮﺍﰲ ﻭﺣﻜﻤﻪ‪١٧١....................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‬
‫"ﺭﺅﻳﺔ ﺍﳋﺎﻃﺐ ﳌﺨﻄﻮﺑﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ‪ ‬ﻭﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪﻩ"‪١٨٠.....‬‬
‫ﺐ ﻭﺍﳌﺨﻄﻮﺑﺔ‪١٨٢ ....................‬‬ ‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻳﺔ ﻭﺍﳋﺎﻃ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺟﺎﺑﺮ ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪﻩ‪١٨٤ ............‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﻣﺜﺎﻝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫"ﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ ﻭﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮﻩ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ"‪١٩٤.............................‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ ﻭﺣﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﻋﻴﺘﻪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‪١٩٦ ....‬‬
‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻣﻈﺎﻫﺮ ﺍﻟﺘﻴﺴﲑ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‪٢١٢ .........................‬‬

‫ﺍﳋﺎﲤﺔ‪) :‬ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻴﺎﺗﻪ(‪٢٨٨ ............................................‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺟﻊ‪٢٩٤ ...........................................................‬‬

‫ك‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻱ‬

‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ‬
‫ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﺳﺌﻠﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻤﻬﻴﺪﻱ‬

‫ﺍﳌﻘﺪﻣـﺔ‬
‫ﻯ ﻟﻠﻌﺎﳌﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻞ ﺳﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻟﻪ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻔﻰ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﳊﻤﺪ ﷲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻧﺰﻝ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﺍﳌﺒﲔ ﻧﻮﺭﹰﺍ ﻭﻫﺪ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻔﻼﺡ ‪‬ﻣ ‪‬ﻦ ﻃﺒ‪‬ﻘﻪ‬ ‫ﲤﺎﻣﹰﺎ ﻟﺬﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﺭ ﻭﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳍﺪﺍﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺎﻧﺎ ﻟﻸﻣﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﺳﺎﺭ ‪‬ﺪﺍﻩ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﻌﺪ!‬
‫ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺻﺮﺍﻋﹰﺎ ﻓﻜﺮﻳﹰﺎ ﰲ ﻇﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﺍﺛﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻴﺶ‬
‫ﺕ ﻓﺮﺿﺘﻬﺎ ﻫﻴﻤﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﰊ‪ ،‬ﻓﺎﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﲟﻨﻈﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻱ ﻗﺪ ﺧﺼﺼﺖ‬ ‫ﲢﺪﻳﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻇﻴﻔﺔ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﺎﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺣﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﺟﻌﻠﺖ ﻣﺎ ﳜﺘﺺ ﲟﻌﺎﺷﻪ ﻭﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ ﳏﻜﻮﻣﹰﺎ‬
‫ﺑﻘﻮﺍﻧﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﻭﺃﻫﻮﺍﺋﻬﻢ‪ .‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺧﻄﱠﻂ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﺃﻥ ﺗﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺗﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﻻ ﻣﺘﺒﻮﻋﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﺴﻠﻮﺑﺔ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﺓ ﺃﻣﺎﻡ ﻣﺎ ﻭﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺗﻘﺪﻡ ﻋﻠﻤﻲ ﻭﻓﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﺣﻀﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻓﺄﺩﻯ ﺍﻧﺒﻬﺎﺭ ﺑﻌﺾ‬
‫ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺑﱪﻳﻖ ﺍﳊﻀﺎﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺑﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺑﺄﻥ ﺩﻳﻨﻬﻢ ﺑﺎﺕ ﺗﻘﻠﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﺘﻴﻘﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺪ‬
‫ﺻﺎﳊﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﳌﺔ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﺍﺛﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻻﻋﺘﻘﺎﺩ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﻃﻞ ﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺩﺣﻀﻪ ﺇﻻ ﺑﺎﻟﺘﺄﻛﻴﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻻ ﺭﻳﺐ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ‪ -‬ﲟﺼﺪﺭﻳﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻌﻴﲔ ‪ -‬ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺣﻴﺎﺓ‪ ،‬ﻧﻈﱠﻤﻪ‬
‫ﺭﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﺒﺎﺩ‪ ،‬ﲟﺎ ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﻣﻌﺎﺵ ﻋﺒﺎﺩﻩ ﰲ ﻣﻴﺎﺩﻳﻦ ﺣﻴﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻨﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﻮﻳﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺧﻄﻮ ﹰﺓ ﻣﻬﻤ ﹰﺔ ﻹﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﺪﻳﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻗﻒ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻢ ﲡﺎﻩ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻱ؛ ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﳝﺜﻞ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺎﻋﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺒﺪﺃ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺎﺭﺡ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﺀ ﺃﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺩﻳﻨﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻀﻌﻬﺎ ﺑﲔ ﻳﺪﻱ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﻘﻴﻤﻬﺎ ﲝﺴﺐ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻳﻌﻮﺩ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﺎﺭﺓ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ ﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﲝﺜﻪ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﳚﻌﻞ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﻣﻠ‪‬ﺒﻴ ﹰﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺩﺍﺋﻢ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻣﺘﻄﻠﺒﺎﺕ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﺘﻄﻮﺭ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻋﲏ ﺑﻪ "ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻌﲔ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺀ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‬
‫ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺣﺪﻳﺚ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ ﺭﺅﻳ ‪‬ﺔ ﺣﺪﻳﺜﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠﺔ ﲡﺎﻫﻪ"‪ .‬ﻭﻻ‬
‫ﻳﻌﲏ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﻫﻮ ﻧﻮﻉ ﺟﺪﻳﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪،‬‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﻞ ﺇﻟﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﻔﻞ ﻋﻨﻪ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺅﻧﺎ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﺇﳕﺎ ﻣﺼﻄﻠﺢ "ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ‬

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‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ"‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻌﻴﺪ ﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺑﻂ ﺍﻟﻨﺘﺎﺋﺞ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ‪ ،‬ﻫﻮ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ‪‬ﻭ ﹺﺟ ‪‬ﺪ ﻓﻴﻪ ﻛﺜ ‪‬ﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﲢﺘﺎﺝ ﺇﱃ ﺗﺄﺻﻴﻞ ﻭﺗﻘﻌﻴﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﻗﺎﻡ ﺳﻠﻒ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﲜﻬﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻈﻴﻢ ﰲ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﻭﻣﺴﺘﺠﺪﺍﺕ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻬﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻮﺻﻠﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺞ ﻋﻈﻴﻤﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﺗﻔﻲ ﲝﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻋﺼﺮﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﻭﻗﺎﺋﻊ ﺍﳊﻴﺎﺓ ﺗﺘﺠﺪﺩ ﺑﺎﺳﺘﻤﺮﺍﺭ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﺑﺪ ﳍﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﺮ ﺗﺒﻌﹰﺎ ﳌﻘﺘﻀﻴﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺼﺺ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻲ‬ ‫ﻭﺑﺎﻟﺮﻏﻢ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬ﻌﺪ‪ ‬ﺑﺎﳌﺌﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃ‪‬ﺎ ﱂ ﲣ ‪‬‬
‫ﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺎﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻛﺎﻧﺖ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﳏﻀﺔ‪ ،‬ﱂ ﺗﻨﻈﱠﺮ‬
‫ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﱂ ﺗﻮﺿ‪‬ﺢ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻩ ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺑﻪ؛ ﻭﺃﻗﺼﻰ ﻣﺎ ﳝﻜﻦ ﺃﻥ‬
‫ﺕ ﻣﻮﺟﺰﺓ ﺗﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﻀﻮﺍﺑﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺗﻠﻚ‬ ‫ﻳﻘﻒ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪ ،‬ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻼ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺃﻭ ﺛﻨﺎﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﱂ ﻳﺸﺘﻬﺮ ﻧﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻘ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺇﱃ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ ﺑﻘﻮﻟﻪ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻜﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺼﻔﺢ‬
‫ﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻻ ﳚﺪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧﹰﺎ ﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻣﻪ ﳛﻤﻞ ﺍﲰﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻠﻬﻢ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﻫﻮ ﻣﺒﺜﻮﺙ ﳉﺎﻧﺐ‬
‫ﻣﻦ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﻗﺎﻋﺪﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻩ ﺃﻭ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺍﺡ ﻗﺪ ﻋﻘﺪﻭﺍ‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﻳﺴﲑﺓ ﻣﻦ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻔﻦ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﱐ ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪ ﳎﻤﻮﻋﹰﺎ ﻳﻀﻢ‬
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‫ﺃﺷﺘﺎﺗﻪ ﺃﺳﻮ ﹰﺓ ﺑﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ"‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭﻩ‬

‫ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ‪ -‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺸﲑ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻧﻪ ‪ -‬ﻟﻮﻧﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻟﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻣﺎ ‪‬ﻳ ‪‬ﻌﺮ‪‬ﻑ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻤﻞ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺇﳕﺎ ﻫﻮ ﳏﺎﻭﻟ ﹲﺔ‬
‫ﳌﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﻞ ﻣﺸﻜﻼ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ‪ .‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﻪ ﻟﻠﻘﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﺑﺘﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻛﻴﺰ ﺳﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﻰ‬

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‫ﲪﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ‪" ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ"‪) ،‬ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪-١٧ ،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٧/١٨‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪.١١٩٩‬‬

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‫ﺡ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻭﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻪ؛ ﻟﻴﺠﺪ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺘﻐﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺃﻛﱪ‪ ،‬ﲝﻴﺚ ﺗ‪‬ﺸﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺗﺴﺎﺅﻻ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺍﺳﺘﻔﺴﺎﺭﺍ‪‬ﻢ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻄﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻭﻧﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻜﻤﻦ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﻛﻮﻧﻪ ﻭﺳﻴﻠ ﹰﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺷﺮ ﹰﺓ ﻟﻠﻮﺻﻮﻝ ﺇﱃ‬
‫ﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﲟﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﻜﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴ‪‬ﻔﺴ‪‬ﺮ‬ ‫ﺠﻤ‪‬ﻊ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳ ﹸ‬ ‫ﺍﳌﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬
‫ﺑﻌﻀ‪‬ﻬﺎ ﺑﻌﻀﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺘﻮﺿ‪‬ﺢ ﻟﻠﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻫﺪﺍﻳﺎﺗﻪ ﻭﻣﻘﺎﺻﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺘﻤﻜﱠﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻹﺣﺎﻃﺔ‬
‫ﺑﺄﺑﻌﺎﺩ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺇﺣﺎﻃ ﹰﺔ ﻣﻌﻘﻮﻟﺔ‪ ،‬ﳝﻜﻦ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﳍﺎ ﺍﻟﺮﺑﻂ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‬
‫ﻉ ﺍﳌﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺘ‪‬ﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﺬﻟﻚ ﻓﺈﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﻴﺸﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﳜﺮﺝ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺑﺼﻮﺭ ‪‬ﺓ ﻣﺘﻜﺎﻣﻠ ‪‬ﺔ ﻋﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮ ﹺ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﻳﺼﻞ ﺑﺎﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻴﺴ‪‬ﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﺑﻌﻴﺪﹰﺍ ﻋﻤﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻮﺗﻪ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻄﺮﺍﺩﺍﺕ ﻟﻐﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺇﺳﻬﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﰲ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺑﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺃﺣﻮﺍﻝ ﺭﺟﺎﻟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻏﲑ ﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻗﺪ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﰲ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻟﻴﺲ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ‪.‬‬
‫ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪" :‬ﺇﻥ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﳌﻮﺟﻮﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﻗﺖ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﻫﻦ ﺷﺄ‪‬ﺎ ﺷﺄﻥ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻲ ﺗﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ ﻭﺗﺒﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﺣﻜﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻮﺍﺋﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺴﻬﺐ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻭﺟﻪ ﺍﻟﺮﻭﺍﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﺧﺘﻼﻑ ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭﻥ ﺫﻛﺮ‬
‫ﺇﺭﺷﺎﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﺑﻂ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻌﻨﺎ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺜﻼ‪ :‬ﺃﻓﻀﻞ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﻧﻌﺘﱪﻩ ﻫﻮ‬
‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ‪) :‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ( ﻻﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ‪ ،‬ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺟﻼﻟﺔ ﻗﺪﺭﻩ ﻻ‬
‫ﻳﺼﻠﺢ ﺇﻻ ﻟﻠﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺃﻭ ﻟﻄﻼﺏ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻴﺎ‪ ،‬ﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺻﺤﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﺜﻘﺎﻓﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺳﻄﺔ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻢ ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻟﻌﻮﺍﻡ‪ ،‬ﻓﻼ ﻧﺼﻴﺐ ﳍﻢ ﻓﻴﻪ"‪.٢‬‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﻳﺴﺘﻤﺪ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻌﻠﻘﻪ ﺑﺴﻨﺔ ﺭﺳﻮﻝ ﺍﷲ ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺣﻴﺚ ﺻﻠﺘﻪ ﺑﺎ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ ﻟﻪ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﻳ‪‬ﻌ ‪‬ﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﻷﻣﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﻟﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ‪‬ﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺧﺎﺻ ﹰﺔ ﰲ ﺯﻣﻦ ﺿﻌﻔﺖ ﻓﻴﻪ ﳘ ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺴﻠﻤﲔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻋﺮﺿﻮﺍ ﻋﻦ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺭ‪‬ﻢ ﻭﺳﻨﺔ‬
‫ﻧﺒﻴﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﺑﻞ ﻗﺪ ﺷﻜﻚ ﺑﻌﻀﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺇﻣﻜﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﻓﺎﺀ ﻧﺼﻮﺹ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﲝﺎﺟﺎﺕ‬

‫‪ ٢‬ﺭﻣﻀﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ‪" ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺠﺪﻳﺪﻳﺔ ﰲ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ"‪،‬‬
‫)ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪ ،(٢٠٠٦/٧/١٨-١٧ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٢‬ﺹ‪.٨٧٣‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﺒﺸﺮ ﺍﳌﺘﺠﺪﺩﺓ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺰﻋﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﻧﻴﻮﻥ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﺳﺘﻨﻔﺬ ﺃﻏﺮﺍﺿﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﻃﻘﻮﺱ‬
‫ﻭﺷﻌﺎﺋﺮ ﺭﻭﺣﻴﺔ‪ ٣.‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻓﻴﻤﻜﻦ ﺗﻠﺨﻴﺼﻬﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻵﰐ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -١‬ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻣﺘﺎﺑﻌﺔ ﺃﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ ﻭﻣﺸﻜﻼ‪‬ﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻗﻀﺎﻳﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ؛ ﳑﺎ ﻳﻘﻮﻱ ﺛﻘﺔ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺑﺪﻳﻨﻬﺎ ﻭﻋﻘﻴﺪ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﻭﻗﺖ ﺗﺪﺍﻋﺖ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﻢ‬
‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﺪﺍﻋﻰ ﺍﻷﻛﻠﺔ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻗﺼﻌﺘﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٢‬ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﲑ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻧﺘﺎﺋﺠﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻴﺴ‪‬ﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻻ ﺳﻴﻤﺎ ﻭﺃﻥ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺎﺕ ﻗﺪ ﻗﺮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺗﺪﺭﻳﺲ ﻣﺎﺩﺓ "ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ" ﺿﻤﻦ ﻣﺴﺎﻗﺎ‪‬ﺎ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺘﻨﻮﻋﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -٣‬ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻜﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻋﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﺍﻹﻧﺴﺎﻧﻴﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﺄﺻﻴﻞ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ ﻭﺭﺑﻄﻬﺎ ﲟﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﺍﻟﺘﺸﺮﻳﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﺇﺣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﺎﺋﻞ ﺍﳌﻬﻤﺔ ﻟﺘﺤﻘﻴﻖ ﺫﻟﻚ‪.‬‬
‫ﺕ ﻣﺘﺨﺼ‪‬ﺼ ‪‬ﺔ‬ ‫‪ -٤‬ﺩﻋﻮﺓ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﲔ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ؛ ﻟﻌﺪﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎ ‪‬‬
‫ﰲ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﻓﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ ‪ -‬ﰲ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻟﺐ ‪ -‬ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺓ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻳﻘﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﺑﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ‪" :‬ﻭﻟﻌﻠﻲ ﻻ ﺃﻛﻮﻥ ﻣﺒﺎﻟﻐﹰﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺇﻥ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﻳﻌﻮﺯﻫﺎ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺚ ﰲ ﺿﻮﺋﻬﺎ‬ ‫ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺃﻭ ﲝﺚ ﺃﻭ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﺗﺘﺤﺪﺙ ﻋﻦ ﺃﺻﻮﻝ ﻭﺷﺮﻭﻁ ﻳ‪‬ﺸﺮ‪‬ﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳ ﹸ‬
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‫ﺷﺮﺣﹰﺎ ﻋﻠﻤﻴﹰﺎ ﻧﻘ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ ﺷﻮﺍﺋﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺪﻋﺔ ﻭﺍﻻﳓﺮﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻘﻠﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﻳﻊ‪. "...‬‬

‫‪ ٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﻟﻠﺸﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻋﺔ ﺍﳌﻴﺴﺮﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻷﺩﻳﺎﻥ ﻭﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ‪) ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﻨﺪﻭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺒﺎﺏ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪١٤٠٩ ،٢‬ﻫ‪١٩٨٩/‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٧٠‬‬
‫‪ ٤‬ﺍﳋﲑﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ‪" ،‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ"‪) ،‬ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪-١٧ ،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٧/١٨‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪.١٣٠٢-١٣٠١‬‬

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 ‫ﺇﺷﻜﺎﻟﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻭﺃﺳﺌﻠﺘﻪ‬
‫ﻻ ﺷﻚ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﺪﻳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﺩﻳﻨﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺳﻴﺎﺳﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﺟﺘﻤﺎﻋﻴﹰﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺼﺎﺩﻳﹰﺎ‬
‫ﻭﺛﻘﺎﻓﻴﹰﺎ ﳍﺎ ﺍﻧﻌﻜﺎﺱ ﺳﻠﱯ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻭﺣﺪﺓ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻀﺎﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﳝﻜﻦ ﻷﺣﺪﻧﺎ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻜﺮ‬
‫ﻼ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺃﻭ ﻛﺜﲑﹰﺍ ‪ -‬ﻓﺄﺻﺒﺤﻨﺎ ﻧﺴﻤﻊ‬ ‫ﻣﺪﻯ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﺛﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﺻﺎﺏ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺃﺑﻨﺎﺀ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ‪ -‬ﻗﻠﻴ ﹰ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻋﺎﻭﻱ ﺑﺘﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻷﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﺼﻮﺍﻣﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﻙ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺍﻟﺪﻧﻴﻮﻱ ﻷﻫﻠﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺫﺍﻙ ﺇﻻ ﳉﻬﻞ ﲝﻘﻴﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﻭﺗﺮﺍﺛﻪ ﺍﻟﺰﺍﺧﺮ ﻭﺣﻀﺎﺭﺗﻪ ﺍﻟﻐﻨﻴﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺃﺧﺮﻯ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﺪ ﺷﻬﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﻃﺮﺡ‬
‫ﻛﺜﲑ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻳﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻌﻠﻮﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺬﺍﻫﺐ‪ ،‬ﻭﺭﲟﺎ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺜﲑ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺴﺘﻤﺪﹰﺍ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻐﺮﺏ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻻ ﻳﻘﻴﻢ ﻭﺯﻧﹰﺎ ﳌﺒﺎﺩﺉ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﻗﻴﻤﻪ‪ ،‬ﳑﺎ ﺟﻌﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻌﺔ ﻳﺸﻌﺮﻭﻥ ﺑﻀﺮﻭﺭﺓ‬
‫ﲝﺚ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻷﻓﻜﺎﺭ ﻣﻦ ﻭﺟﻬﺔ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻫﻲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻟﻠﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻟﺸﺮﺍﺋﻌﻪ‪ .‬ﻓﺄﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ ﰲ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺣﻘﻴﻘﻲ ﻭﻋﻘﻼﱐ ﻣﻦ ﻗﺒﻞ ﻋﻠﻤﺎﺋﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻭﻣﺜﻘﻔﻴﻬﺎ ﳊﻘﻴﻘﺔ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻭﺭﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﻮﺭﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﳌﻞﺀ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻭﺣﻲ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ ﺷﺒﺎﺏ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺣﺜﻬﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﻟﻘﻴﺎﻡ ﺑﻮﺍﺟﺒﻬﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﺨﻼﰲ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﺃﻛﻤﻞ ﻭﺟﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻟﺘﻼﰲ ﺍﻟﻘﺼﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮﻱ ﰲ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻧﻈﺮﹰﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﳊﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻠﺤﺔ ﻟﻠﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﻠﻌﹰﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺑﺬﻝ ﺍﻟﻮﺳﻊ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺪﻓﺎﻉ ﻋﻦ ﺩﺳﺘﻮﺭ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻼﺣﻘﺔ ﻣﺴﺘﺠﺪﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻭﻋﻠﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺭﺃﻱ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﻳﺄﰐ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻟﻴﺴﻬﻢ ﰲ ﺗﻠﺒﻴﺔ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍ‪‬ﺘﻤﻊ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ‬
‫ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ ﻭﺗﺎﺭﳜﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ ﻭﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻩ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﻋﺮﺽ ﺃﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻭﻣﻔﺎﻫﻴﻤﻪ‪ .‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺍﻹﺟﺎﺑﺔ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺳﺌﻠﺔ ﺍﻵﺗﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ؟ ﻭﻣﺎ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻩ؟‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ؟‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﻣﺎ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ؟‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﻣﺎ ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻩ؟‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﻣﺎ ﺍﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ؟‬

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 ‫ﺃﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺗﺴﻌﻰ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ‪ -‬ﲟﺸﻴﺌﺔ ﺍﷲ ‪ - ‬ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻨﻈﲑ ﳍﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻨﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﺮﺗﻴﺐ ﻓﻮﺍﺋﺪﻩ ﺑﻄﺮﻳﻘ ‪‬ﺔ ﻣﻴﺴ‪‬ﺮﺓ ﻳﺴﻬﻞ ﺍﻻﻧﺘﻔﺎﻉ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻬﺎ‬
‫ﰲ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﻗﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺗﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺮﺽ ﺧﻄﻮﺍﺕ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻓﻴﻪ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٥‬ﺗﻘﺪﱘ ﳕﺎﺫﺝ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻘﻴﺔ ﻟﻜﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ‬
‫ﺺ ﰲ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﻭﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ‬‫ﺼ ﹴ‬‫ﻱ ﻣﺘﺨ ‪‬‬‫ﱂ ﺗﻌﺜﺮ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ‪ -‬ﲜﻬﺪﻫﺎ ﺍﳌﺘﻮﺍﺿﻊ ‪ -‬ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻱ ﻣﺮﺟ ﹴﻊ ﻧﻈﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ ﻋﺎﻣﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﺧﺎﺻﺔﹰ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﻣﺎ ﺫﻛﺮ ﻋﻨﻬﺎ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺛﺎﻧﻮﻱ ﰲ‬
‫ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻌﺾ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‪ ،٥‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ ﻣﺎ ﻛﺘﺐ ﻣﻦ ﺃﲝﺎﺙ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﺃﻗﺎﻣﻪ ﻗﺴﻢ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪ ،٦‬ﻭﻣﻊ ﺃﻥ ﺃﲝﺎﺙ ﺍﳌﺆﲤﺮ ﻗﺪ‬
‫ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻟﺖ ﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﻋﺎﻡ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻥ ﻋﺪﺩﹰﺍ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺃﺧﺺ ﺑﺎﻟﺬﻛﺮ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻣﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ‪:‬‬
‫ﻗﺪ‪‬ﻡ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﲪﺪ ﺑﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﲪﻴﺪ ﲝﺜﹰﺎ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ‪" :‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺣﻠﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ"‪ ،٧‬ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻓﻴﻪ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﺿ‪‬ﺢ‬

‫ﻼ‪ :‬ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﻣﻌﺒﺪ ﰲ ﻣﻘﺪﻣﺘﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﺑﻦ ﺳﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻨﻔﺢ ﺍﻟﺸﺬﻱ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ‬
‫‪ ٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﺜ ﹰ‬
‫ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪) ،‬ﺍﻟﺮﻳﺎﺽ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺻﻤﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﻁ‪١٤٠٩ ،‬ﻫ(‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،١‬ﺹ‪٩١‬؛ ﻭﻣﻘﺪﻣﺔ ﺍﳌﺒﺎﺭﻛﻔﻮﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻌﻼ ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺑﻦ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺣﻴﻢ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﻪ ﲢﻔﺔ ﺍﻷﺣﻮﺫﻱ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺟﺎﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﻣﺬﻱ‪) ،‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪.‬‬
‫‪ ٦‬ﺃﻗﺎﻡ ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ ﻣﺆﲤﺮﹰﺍ ﺑﻌﻨﻮﺍﻥ "ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ" ﺑﺘﺎﺭﻳﺦ ‪٢٠٠٦/٧/١٨-١٧‬ﻡ‪.‬‬
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‫ﲪﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ‪" ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ"‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ‬
‫ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪.١٢٢٨-١١٩٩‬‬

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‫ﺻﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺼ‪‬ﻠﻪ ﰲ ﻧﻮﻋﲔ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﲰﺎﻩ "ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺬﺍﺕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺮﻯ ﺃﻧﻪ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲟﻌﲎ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺗﻜﻠﱠﻢ ﻋﻦ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺼﻨﻴﻒ ﻓﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺼﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﺓ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﺍﳊﺎﱄ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﺓ ﳑﺎ ﻗﺪ‪‬ﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺚ ﻣﻦ ﻋﺮﺽ ﻣﻮﺟﺰ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍ‪‬ﺎﻝ‪،‬‬
‫ﻣﻊ ﳏﺎﻭﻟﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺐ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻧﻈﺮ‪‬ﻳﹰﺎ ﻭﻋﻤﻠ‪‬ﻴﹰﺎ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺗﻌﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ ﺍﳋﲑﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ ﰲ ﲝﺜﻪ "ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‪:‬‬
‫ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ"‪ ،٨‬ﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﻣﻔﻬﻮﻡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺩﺑﻴﺎﺕ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺁﻟﻴﺎﺗﻪ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻬﺠﻴﺔ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﱳ‪ .‬ﻭﺗﻮﺻ‪‬ﻞ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻥ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﻳﺸﻤﻞ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺳﻨﺪﻩ ﻭﻣﺘﻨﻪ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﻧﺎﺷﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺑﺎﻟﻜﺘﺎﺑﺔ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﻭﺿ‪‬ﺢ ﺷﺪﺓ ﺣﺎﺟﺔ ﺍﳌﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺇﱃ ﻛﺘﺎﺑﺎﺕ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﺎﻣﺔ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﻴﺤﺎﻭﻝ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ – ﺑﻌﻮﻥ ﺍﷲ ‪ -‬ﺍﺳﺘﻜﻤﺎﻝ ﺍﳉﻬﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻮﺳﻊ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ ﺧﺎﺻﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺗﻄﻮﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺑﺄﻧﻮﺍﻋﻪ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻩ‪.‬‬
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‫ﻛﻤﺎ ﺭﻛﱠﺰ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻮﱐ ﰲ ﲝﺜﻪ "ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻫﺎ"‪،‬‬
‫ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ ﻭﺃﳘﻴﺘﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺿ‪‬ﺢ ﻛﻴﻒ ﺃﻥ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺗﻀﻄﻠﻊ ﺑﻮﻇﻴﻔ ‪‬ﺔ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﻓ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﺔ ﻟﺘﻘﺮﻳﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﺺ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﻨﺎﺱ‪ ،‬ﻭﲢﻘﻴﻖ ﺍﻟﺘﻮﺍﺻﻞ ﺑﲔ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻭﺍﳌﺘﺄﺧﺮﻳﻦ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺴﺎﳘﺔ ﰲ‬
‫ﻋﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺮﺍﻛﻢ ﺍﳌﻌﺮﰲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺳ ‪‬ﺪ ﺍﻟﻔﺠﻮﺓ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﻜﺎﺗﺐ ﻭﺍﻟﻘﺎﺭﺉ‪ .‬ﰒ ﲢﺪ‪‬ﺙ ﻋﻦ ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ‬
‫ﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺪﺩﺓ‪ .‬ﻭﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﺳﺎﻟﻴﺐ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻠﻜﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺷﺮ‪‬ﺍﺡ‬
‫ﻉ ﺑﺎﻋﺘﺒﺎﺭﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺴ‪‬ﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺃﻧﻮﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺒﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺁﺩﺍﺏ ﺍﻻﺷﺘﻐﺎﻝ ﺑﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻘﻮﺍﻋﺪ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻳﻨﺒﻐﻲ ﺍﻟﺴﲑ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‬
‫ﻋﻨﺪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺄﺳﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺼﻴﻞ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ ﲟﺎ ﻳﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪.‬‬

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‫ﺍﳋﲑﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻠﻴﺚ‪" ،‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‪ :‬ﺗﺄﺳﻴﺲ ﻭﺗﻄﺒﻴﻖ"‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪.١٣٢٦-١٢٩٩‬‬
‫‪ ٩‬ﺑﻴﺎﻧﻮﱐ‪ ،‬ﻓﺘﺢ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ‪" ،‬ﺃﳘﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ ﻭﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪﻫﺎ"‪) ،‬ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪٢٠٠٦/٧/١٨-١٧ ،‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺝ‪،٢‬‬
‫ﺹ‪.٩٧٦-٩٤٥‬‬

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‫ﻭﺃﺷﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ ﻋﺰﻱ ﰲ ﻭﺭﻗﺘﻪ ﺍﳌﻌﻨﻮﻧﺔ ﺑـ"ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﶈﺪﺛﲔ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪ ،١٠‬ﺇﱃ ﻃﺮﻕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ؛ ﺣﻴﺚ ﻗﺴ‪‬ﻤﻬﺎ ﺇﱃ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍ ﹴ‬
‫ﻉ ﺭﺋﻴﺴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﻮﱄ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻤﺰﻭﺝ‪ .‬ﰒ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺃﻫﻢ ﺍﳌﺼﺎﺩﺭ ﰲ ﻛﻞ ﻧﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ‬
‫ﺧﺼﺎﺋﺺ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﻭﻣﺰﺍﻳﺎﻫﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﺍﻗﺘﺮﺡ ﺃﻥ ﻳﻨﻬﺾ ﻣﻦ ﳍﻢ ﺍﻟﻘﺪﺭﺓ ﺍﻟﻌﻤﻠﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﺘﺨﺼﺼﲔ‬
‫ﺇﱃ ﺗﺄﻟﻴﻒ ﺷﺮﺡ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﺟﺰ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻮﺳﻊ‪ ،‬ﲝﺴﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﺌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺳﻴﻘﺪﻡ ﳍﺎ ﻣﻦ ﻃﻠﺒﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﻳﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺟﺰﺋﻴﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺸﺘﻤﻞ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺇﺷﺎﺭﺍﺕ ﻋﺎﺑﺮﺓ ﺣﻮﻝ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﺃﻧﻪ ﱂ ﻳﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﻪ ﺑﺎﻟﻄﺮﻳﻘﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺗﻨﻮﻱ ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺣﺜﺔ ﺃﻥ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﳍﺎ ﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺇﻥ ﺷﺎﺀ ﺍﷲ ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﺎ ﻗﺪﻣﻪ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﻨﻮﻉ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ ﻣﻦ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ؛ ﻭﻫﻮ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﲝﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﺣﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻣﺎ ﻫﺬﻩ ﺍﻟﺪﺭﺍﺳﺔ ﻓﺴﺘﻌﺮﺽ ﻟﺜﻼﺛﺔ ﺃﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻟﻠﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﺃﻟﻘﻰ ﺍﻟﺪﻛﺘﻮﺭ ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱐ ﰲ ﲝﺜﻪ ﺍﳌﻮﺳﻮﻡ ﺑـ"ﺃﺿﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪ ١١‬ﻇﻼ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻗﺪ ﺑﻴ‪‬ﻦ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻭﺿ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﺍﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﺎﺀ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻧﺘﻤﺎﺀﺍ‪‬ﻢ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﻇﻬﻮﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﻃﻮﺍﺭﻩ‪ .‬ﻛﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﺮ‪‬ﺽ ﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻃﺒﻘﺎ‪‬ﻢ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃ‪‬ﻰ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱂ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﻣﺔ ﻟﻠﻤﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ‪ .‬ﻭﻛﻤﺎ‬
‫ﻫﻮ ﻭﺍﺿﺢ ﻣﻦ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻧﻪ ﻏﲑ ﻣﺘﺨﺼﺺ ﰲ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﻭﻟﻜﻨﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺑﻌﻀﹰﺎ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺟﻮﺍﻧﺒﻪ ﺑﺸﻜﻞ ﺟﺰﺋﻲ ﻓﻘﻂ‪ .‬ﻭﺳﺄﺳﺘﻔﻴﺪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺷﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺍﳌﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻟﱵ ﻣﺮ ‪‬ﺎ‪.‬‬

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‫ﻋﺰﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﻘﺎﺩﺭ‪" ،‬ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﶈﺪﺛﲔ ﰲ ﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪) ،‬ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‬
‫ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪٢٠٠٦/٧/١٨-١٧ ،‬ﻡ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ ،٢‬ﺹ‪.٩٤٣-٩٢٥‬‬
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‫ﺍﻟﻌﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻋﻤﺮ ﻋﺒﺪﺍﻟﻌﺰﻳﺰ‪" ،‬ﺃﺿﻮﺍﺀ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻔﻘﻬﻲ ﰲ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪) ،‬ﻣﺆﲤﺮ ﻋﻦ ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻗﺴﻢ ﺩﺭﺍﺳﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﻭﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ‪ ،‬ﺍﳉﺎﻣﻌﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﳌﻴﺔ ﲟﺎﻟﻴﺰﻳﺎ‪-١٧ ،‬‬
‫‪٢٠٠٦/٧/١٨‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪.١٢٦٤-١٢٣١‬‬

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 ‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ‬
‫ﻭﺻﻮ ﹰﻻ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻷﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﺈﻥ ﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﻴﻌﺘﻤﺪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳌﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﻟﻴﺔ‪:‬‬
‫‪ .١‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺫﻟﻚ ﻣﻦ ﺃﺟﻞ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺷﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﺗﻄﻮﺭﻫﺎ ﻋﱪ‬
‫ﺗﺎﺭﻳﺦ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻣﻴﺔ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻘﺮﺍﺋﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺍﺗﺒﺎﻉ ﺫﻟﻚ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﻟﺘﺘﺒﻊ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﰲ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻛﻴﻔﻴﺔ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﻤﺎﻻ‪‬ﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺩﻻﻻ‪‬ﺎ ﰲ ﺃﻣﺎﻛﻦ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻳﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﺬﻟﻚ‬
‫ﰲ ﲨﻊ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﻟﻔﻈﹰﺎ ﺃﻭ ﻣﻌﲎ ﰲ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﺎﺕ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﺻﻔﻲ ﺍﻟﺘﺤﻠﻴﻠﻲ‪ :‬ﻭﺳﻴﺘﻢ ﺗﻮﻇﻴﻒ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﻨﻬﺞ ﰲ ﻓﻬﻢ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻘﺔ‬
‫ﳊﻜﹶﻢ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﻷﻣﺜﻠﺔ ﺍﳌﻄﺮﻭﺣﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﻓﻴﻬﺎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﺳﺘﺨﺮﺍﺝ ﺍ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﳍﺪﻱ ﺍﻟﻨﺒﻮﻱ ﻭﺭﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﻷﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻴﻮﻡ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﻬﺞ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﻵﻳﺎﺕ ﻭﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ‬

‫‪ .١‬ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﻵﻳﺔ ﺑﺬﻛﺮ ﺍﺳﻢ ﺍﻟﺴﻮﺭﺓ ﻭﺭﻗﻤﻬﺎ ﻋﻘﺐ ﺇﻳﺮﺍﺩﻫﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ ﰲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻫﺎ ﰲ‬
‫ﺳﻴﺎﻕ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻓﻴﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ ﳍﺎ ﰲ ﺍﳍﺎﻣﺶ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٢‬ﰎ ﲣﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﻷﺣﺎﺩﻳﺚ ﺑﺒﻴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺎﺏ ﻭﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺇﻻ ﻣﺴﻨﺪ ﺍﻹﻣﺎﻡ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻥ ﻛﺎﻥ ﰲ ﻏﲑ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻗﺘﺼﺮﺕ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺫﻛﺮ ﺍﳉﺰﺀ ﻭﺍﻟﺼﻔﺤﺔ ﻭﺍﻟﺮﻗﻢ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٣‬ﺇﺫﺍ ﻛﺎﻥ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﰲ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﻴﺤﲔ ﺃﻭ ﺃﺣﺪﳘﺎ ﺍﻛﺘﻔﻴﺖ ﺑﺘﺨﺮﻳﺞ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻨﻬﻤﺎ‪ ،‬ﺇﻻ‬
‫ﰲ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻭﺭﻭﺩ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﳐﺘﻠﻔﺔ ﰲ ﻏﲑﳘﺎ‪ .‬ﻭﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻘﻲ ﺍﳌﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﺘﺒﻊ ﻟﻔﻈﺔ "ﺍﻟﺘﺼﻮﻳﺮ" ﺧﺮﺟﺖ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻣﻦ ﲨﻴﻊ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻌﺔ ﺍﻟﱵ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﻋﻠﻴﻬﺎ‪.‬‬
‫‪ .٤‬ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺪﺕ ﰲ ﺍﳊﻜﻢ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺃﻗﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﺘﻘﺪﻣﲔ ﻛﺎﳊﺎﻛﻢ ﻭﺍﻟﺰﻳﻠﻌﻲ‬
‫ﻭﺍﳍﻴﺜﻤﻲ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﺣﺠﺮ ﻭﺍﻟﻌﺮﺍﻗﻲ ﻭﻏﲑﻫﻢ‪ ،‬ﻣﻊ ﺍﻻﺳﺘﻌﺎﻧﺔ ﲝﻜﻢ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻤﺎﺀ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﻳﻦ ﺇﻥ‬
‫ﱂ ﺃﺟﺪﻩ ﰲ ﻛﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﲔ‪.‬‬

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 ‫ﺍﻟﻔﺼﻞ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻔﻪ ﻭﻧﺸﺄﺗﻪ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ‬

‫ﻭﻓﻴﻪ ﺛﻼﺛﺔ ﻣﺒﺎﺣﺚ‪:‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬
‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻟﺜﺎﻟﺚ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻬﺎ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ‬
 ‫ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ "ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ"‬
‫ﻳﺘﻤﻴﺰ "ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ" ﺑﺎﻷﺻﺎﻟﺔ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﺻﺮﺓ‪ ،‬ﻓﻬﻮ ﺃﺻﻴﻞ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻨﺸﺄﺓ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﺑﺪﺃ ﻣﻊ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻹﺳﻼﻡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻭﺍﻛﺒﻪ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻣﻠﺒﻴﹰﺎ ﳊﺎﺟﺎﺕ ﻛﻞ‬
‫ﻼ ﻟﻌﻠﻮﻣﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﻭﻟﻴﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺮ ﻣﻦ ﻧﺎﺣﻴﺔ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻭﺍﻟﺒﺤﺚ ﰲ ﺍﳉﺎﻧﺐ ﺍﻟﻨﻈﺮﻱ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﺼﺮ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺆﺻ ﹰ‬
‫ﻭﰲ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﳌﺒﺤﺚ ﺳﻨﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ ﻋﻠﻰ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻟﻠﺤﺪﻳﺚ‪ ،‬ﰒ ﻧﺸﺄﺓ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ‬
‫ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺜﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﺃﺳﺒﺎﺏ ﻇﻬﻮﺭ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ ﻭﻋﻼﻗﺘﻪ ﺑﻐﲑﻩ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻭﺡ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﳌﻄﻠﺐ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ‬
‫ﻳﻘﺘﻀﻲ ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺮﻳﻒ ﲟﻔﺮﺩﺍﺗﻪ ﺍﳌﻜﻮﻧﺔ ﻟﻪ ﺃﻭﻻﹰ‪ ،‬ﺣﻴﺚ ﻳﺘﻜﻮﻥ ﺍﳌﺼﻄﻠﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺛﻼﺙ‬
‫ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺍﺕ ‪" :‬ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ"‪ ،‬ﻭ"ﺍﳌﻮﺿﻮﻋﻲ"‪ ،‬ﻭ"ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ"‪ .‬ﻧﺘﻌﺮﻑ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻬﺎ ﻣﻔﺮﺩﺓ ﰒ ﻣﺮﻛﺒﺔ‪.‬‬

‫ﺃﻭ ﹰﻻ‪ :‬ﺗﻌﺮﻳﻒ "ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ"‬

‫ﺡ ﻭﻣﺸﺮﻭﺡ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺡ )ﺵ ﺭ ﺡ(‪ ،‬ﻳﻘﺎﻝ‪ :‬ﺷﺮﺡ ﻳﺸﺮﺡ ﺷﺮﺣﺎﹰ‪ ،‬ﻭﻫﻮ ﺷﺎﺭ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﻣﺼﺪﺭ ﻟﻠﻔﻌﻞ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻟﻌﺪﺓ ﻣﻌﺎ ‪‬ﻥ‪:‬‬‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ﹺ‬
‫ﻭﺗﺄﰐ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ ﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﺣﺔﹸ‪ :‬ﺍﻟ ‪‬ﻘ ﹾﻄ ‪‬ﻌﺔﹸ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺸﺮﹺﻳ ‪‬ﺢ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﺡ‪ :‬ﺃﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﺴﻂ ﺍﻟﻠﺤﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﺎﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻊ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ‪‬ﺗ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻓﺎﻟﺸ‪ ‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫‪١٢‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺃﹶﻳﻀﹰﺎ‪.‬‬‫ﺤ ﹺﻢ ﻛﺎﻟﺸ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬ﳛ ‪‬ﺔ‪ ،‬ﻭﻛﻞ ﻣﺎ ﻓﹸﺘﺢ ﻣﻦ ﺍﳉﻮﺍﻫﺮ ﻓﻘﺪ ﺷ‪ ‬ﹺﺮ ‪‬‬‫ﺍﻟﻠﱠ ‪‬‬

‫‪ ١٢‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﺃﰊ ﺑﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ‪) ،‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﻟﺒﻨﺎﻥ‪١٩٨٧ ،‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪٣٥٤‬؛ ﻭﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‪،‬‬
‫ﺃﺑﻮ ﺍﻟﻔﻀﻞ ﲨﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﺪﻳﻦ ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻣﻜﺮﻡ ﺍﻹﻓﺮﻳﻘﻲ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‪ ،‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪) ،‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺻﺎﺩﺭ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪١٤٠٠ ،١‬ﻫ‪١٩٩٠/‬ﻡ(‪،‬‬
‫ﺝ‪ ،٢‬ﺹ‪٤٩٧‬؛ ﻭﺍﻟﻔﲑﻭﺯﺁﺑﺎﺩﻱ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺑﻦ ﻳﻌﻘﻮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻘﺎﻣﻮﺱ ﺍﶈﻴﻂ‪) ،‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﻣﺆﺳﺴﺔ ﺍﻟﺮﺳﺎﻟﺔ‪١٩٨٧ ،‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٢٨٩‬‬

‫‪١٢‬‬
‫ﺡ‪ :‬ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻊ‪ ١٤،‬ﻭﻣﻨﻪ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﺼﺪﺭ‪ ١٥،‬ﻗﺎﻝ‬ ‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﺡ ﺍﻟ ﹶﻔﻬ‪‬ﻢ‪ ١٣،‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸﺮ‪‬ﺡ ﺍﻟﻔﺘﺢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪١٦‬‬
‫ﻺﺳ‪‬ﻼ ﹺﻡ‪] ‬ﺍﻟﺰﻣﺮ‪ ،[٢٢:‬ﺃﻱ ﻭﺳ‪‬ﻌﻪ ﻟ ﹶﻘﺒﻮﻝ ﺍﳊﻖ ﻓﺎﺗ‪‬ﺴ ‪‬ﻊ‪.‬‬ ‫ﺻ ‪‬ﺪ ‪‬ﺭﻩ‪ ‬ﻟ ِ‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﱠﻠ ‪‬ﻪ ‪‬‬
‫ﺗﻌﺎﱃ‪ :‬ﹶﺃﹶﻓﻤ‪‬ﻦ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬
‫ﺴ ﹸﻄﻪ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻇﻬﺎ ‪‬ﺭ ﻣﺎ‬ ‫ﻱ ﺑ‪‬ﻴ ‪‬ﻦ‪ ١٧.‬ﻭ ‪‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮﺡ ﺍﳌﺸﻜ ﹺﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻜﻼﻡ ﺑ ‪‬‬‫ﺡ‪ :‬ﺃ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺸ ‪‬ﺮﺡ‪ ‬ﺍﻟﺒ‪‬ﻴﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫‪١٩‬‬
‫ﺴﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺡ ﺍﻟﻐﺎﻣﺾ ﺃﻱ ﻓ ‪‬‬
‫ﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﻮﻝ‪ :‬ﺷ ‪‬ﺮ ‪‬‬ ‫ﺧﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﻩ‪ ١٨.‬ﻭﺍﻟ ‪‬‬
‫ﻭﻣﻦ ﺧﻼﻝ ﺗﻠﻚ ﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻘﺔ ﳒﺪ ﺃﻥ ﺍﻷﻛﺜﺮ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺒﺔ ﻣﻨﻬﺎ ﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻫﻲ‪ :‬ﺍﻟﺒﻴﺎﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﺍﻟﻔﻬﻢ‪ ،‬ﻭﺇﻇﻬﺎﺭ ﻣﺎ ﺧﻔﻲ ﻣﻦ ﺍﻟﻠﻔﻆ ﺃﻭ ﺍﳌﻌﲎ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﻜﺸﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‪.‬‬
‫ﻭﻳﺮﺍ ‪‬ﺩ ﺑﺎﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﺃﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﻧﻴﻪ‪ ،‬ﰲ ﻣﻘﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺬﻱ ﻳﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﻴﺢ ﻭﺑﻴﺎﻥ ﻣﻌﺎﱐ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ‪ .‬ﻭﺇﳕﺎ ﺧﺺ ﻫﺬﺍ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﺑﺈﻃﻼﻕ ﻛﻠﻤﺔ‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺩﻭﻥ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺃﻭ ﺍﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﻣﻊ ﺃ‪‬ﻤﺎ ﻭﺍﺭﺩﺍﻥ ﰲ ﻛﻼﻡ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻷﻣﺮﻳﻦ‪:‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﺃﻛﺜﺮ ﺃﻫﻞ ﺍﻟﻌﻠﻢ ﻣﻀﻮﺍ ﺇﱃ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺮﻗﺔ ﻣﻦ ﺟﻬﺔ ﺍﻟﺘﺴﻤﻴﺔ‪ ،‬ﻓﻤﻀﻮﺍ ﻓﻴﻤﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﲟﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺘﻔﺴﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻣﺎ ﻳﺘﻌﻠﻖ ﺑﺎﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ ﲟﺴﻤﻰ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ‪ ،‬ﻭﻳﺪﻝ ﻋﻠﻰ‬
‫ﻫﺬﺍ ﺗﺴﻤﻴﺔ ﺍﻟﻜﺘﺐ ﺍﻟﻮﺍﺭﺩﺓ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻔﻨﲔ‪ .‬ﻛﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻄﱪﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻛﺜﲑ‪ ،‬ﻭﻓﺘﺢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺒﺎﺭﻱ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﺍﻟﺒﺨﺎﺭﻱ‪ ،‬ﻭﺍﳌﻨﻬﺎﺝ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺻﺤﻴﺢ ﻣﺴﻠﻢ ﺑﻦ ﺍﳊﺠﺎﺝ‪.‬‬
‫‪ -‬ﺍﻟﺜﺎﱐ‪ :‬ﺃﻥ ﻣﺘﻌﻠﻘﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﺡ ﺗﺘﻨﺎﻭﻝ ﺍﻟﺴﻨﺪ ﻭﺍﳌﱳ‪ ،‬ﻭﻻ ﻣﺪﺧﻞ ﻟﻠﺘﻔﺴﲑ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﺄﻭﻳﻞ ﺇﻻ ﰲ‬
‫ﺍﻷﻟﻔﺎﻅ ﻭﺍﳌﻌﺎﱐ‪.‬‬

‫‪ ١٣‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ ﺍﻷﻭﻝ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٥٤‬‬

‫‪ ١٤‬ﺍﻟﺒﺴﺘﺎﱐ‪ ،‬ﻛﺮﻡ ﻭﺁﺧﺮﻭﻥ‪ ،‬ﺍﳌﻨﺠﺪ ﰲ ﺍﻟﻠﻐﺔ ﻭﺍﻷﻋﻼﻡ‪) ،‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﳌﺸﺮﻕ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪١٩٩٨ ،٣٧‬ﻡ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٩٠٥‬‬
‫‪ ١٥‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٢‬ﺹ ‪.٣٨١‬‬
‫‪ ١٦‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﳌﺮﺟﻊ ﺍﻟﺴﺎﺑﻖ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٢‬ﺹ ‪.٤٩٧‬‬
‫‪١٧‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﻔﺮﺍﻫﻴﺪﻱ‪ ،‬ﺃﺑﻮ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﲪﻦ ﺍﳋﻠﻴﻞ ﺑﻦ ﺃﲪﺪ‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﺍﻟﻌﲔ‪ ،‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﻣﻬﺪﻱ ﺍﳌﺨﺰﻭﻣﻲ ﻭﺇﺑﺮﺍﻫﻴﻢ‬
‫ﺍﻟﺴﺎﻣﺮﺍﺋﻲ‪) ،‬ﺑﲑﻭﺕ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﻭﻣﻜﺘﺒﺔ ﺍﳍﻼﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩ‪.‬ﺕ(‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪.٩٣‬‬
‫‪١٨‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺑﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ‪ ،‬ﻟﺴﺎﻥ ﺍﻟﻌﺮﺏ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٢‬ﺹ ‪٤٩٧‬؛ ﻭﺍﳌﻨﺎﻭﻱ‪ ،‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﻋﺒﺪ ﺍﻟﺮﺅﻭﻑ ﺍﳊﺪﺍﺩﻱ ﺍﳌﺼﺮﻱ‪،‬‬
‫ﺍﻟﺘﻮﻗﻴﻒ ﻋﻠﻰ ﻣﻬﻤﺎﺕ ﺍﻟﺘﻌﺎﺭﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﲢﻘﻴﻖ‪ :‬ﳏﻤﺪ ﺭﺿﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻟﺪﺍﻳﺔ‪) ،‬ﺩﻣﺸﻖ‪ :‬ﺩﺍﺭ ﺍﻟﻔﻜﺮ‪ ،‬ﻁ‪١٤١٠ ،١‬ﻫ(‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٤٢٧‬‬
‫‪ ١٩‬ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﻟﺮﺍﺯﻱ‪ ،‬ﳐﺘﺎﺭ ﺍﻟﺼﺤﺎﺡ‪ ،‬ﺹ‪.٣٥٤‬‬
‫‪٢٠‬‬
‫ﺍﻧﻈﺮ ﲪﻴﺪ‪ ،‬ﺃﲪﺪ ﳏﻤﺪ‪" ،‬ﻋﻠﻢ ﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﻭﻣﺮﺍﺣﻠﻪ ﺍﻟﺘﺎﺭﳜﻴﺔ ﺑﲔ ﺍﻟﺘﻘﻌﻴﺪ ﻭﺍﻟﺘﻄﺒﻴﻖ"‪ ،‬ﻛﺘﺎﺏ ﻣﺆﲤﺮ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺎﻫﺞ ﺗﻔﺴﲑ ﺍﻟﻘﺮﺁﻥ ﺍﻟﻜﺮﱘ ﻭﺷﺮﺡ ﺍﳊﺪﻳﺚ ﺍﻟﺸﺮﻳﻒ‪ ،‬ﺝ‪ ،٣‬ﺹ‪.١٢٠٣‬‬

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