cfwf kmGsf]

-ofqf 8fo/L_
–lbg]z kf}8]n

!= cfdf † cfsfz lsg Tolt k/ ;/]sf] <

pQ/df s'Des0f{ / hnhn], blIf0fdf nfnLkftn, k"j{df dfg] / k~rdLsf] 8f“8f] clg klZrddf ;f“3'sf] 8f“8fn]
5]s]sf] gLnf] cfsfzsf] 3kgLleqsf] 7f]6\g] tfKn]h'ª lhNnfsf c¿ cg]s ufp“e}“m xl/of]el/nf] / cToGt ;'Gb/ 5
. ;]tf] ;kmf s'Des0f{ lxdfn x]bf{ ;]t} k'mn]sf xh'/af s';L{df cf/fd;“u a;]/ ;]tf] vf:6f] cf]9]/ xfdLlt/ x]b{}
d';'d';' xf“;]h:tf] nfU5 . dfªdfO{, x'd]vf]nf cflb ;fgf vf]nfvf]N;fn] /l;nf] kf/]sf] ;]lknf] kf6fsf] ;fgf] ufp“
xf] d]/f] hGdynf] 7f]6\g] .
ufp“sf] k"j{kl§sf] x'd]vf]nf] cln tn uP/ klZrdkl§sf] dfªdfO{df ldl;G5 . dfªdfO{ d]/f] ufp“sf] hLjgbflogL
gbL xf] . dfªdfO{sf] 5ª5ª;“u To; ufp“sf v]tLkftL, rf8af8, lax]a6'nf], v';L / cf“;' ldl;G5g\ . d]/f]
dfªdfO{ tn aUb}aUb} uP/ gLnf] d}jfvf]nfdf ldl;G5 . d}jfvf]nf] g]kfnsf 7"n} gbLx¿dWo]df k5{ t/ d}jfsf]
lsgf/df x's{g]x¿n] o;sf] k|]ddf s'g} uLt g/r]sfn] xf]nf o;sf] rrf{ sd x'g]u5{ . obfsbf dflg; aufof]
eg] jf avf{df 7"nf] af9Lklx/f] uof] eg] dfq d}jfvf]nfsf] gfd lnOG5 .
To;a]nf d kf“r–5 jif{sf] lyP“ x“'nf, cfdfsf kl5 nfu]/ d klg bf}/f xNnfp“b} dfg]8f“8fdf nfUg] k~rdLxf6 uP“
. ;fg} x'“bfsf] s'/f k¥of], ldlt lal;{P“, t/ kRrL;5AaL; ;fnlt/sf] s'/f] x'g'k5{ of] . dfg]8f“8fsf] clGtd
psfnf] rl9;s]kl5 ;fgf] v'Nnf 7fp“ cfof] . Toxf“af6 k/k/;Dd b]lv“bf] /x]5 . To; lbg d]/f] dgdf /x]sf]
Pp6f ljZjf;df cToGt g/fd|f] wSsf nfUof] M d}n] 7fÌ] u/]sf] cfsfzsf] 3kgL dfg]8f“8fdf pSn“bf t crfgs
stf xf] stf k/sf] s'g} 8f“8flt/ kf] ;¥of] . afbn gfRg], lah'nL rDsg] / r6Øfª a:g] cfsfz gfdsf] xfd|f]
gLnf] 9sgL lgs} km/flsnf] 5 ls Sof xf] eÌ] dnfO{ nfUof] .
cfdfnfO{ ;f]w]“– …cfdf † cfsfz lsg Tolt k/ ;/]sf] <Ú
pxf“n] 5Ss kb{} dlt/ x]/]/ eÌ'eof]– …;fg], cfsfz t hlt k/ uof] t]lt k/ kf] ;5{ t †Ú
dnfO{ cfk\mgf] cfsfz ;f/} ldn]sf] 3kgL nfUYof] . Tof] 3kgL hyfefjL ;g{] /x]5 . of] v';Lsf] s'/f x'g
;St}gYof] . t/ hlt k/ hf“bf klg xfdLnfO{ To; 3kgLn] 5f]k]/ ;'/lIft ul//xg] /x]5 eÌ] hfg]“ . d]/f]
afndgf]lj1fgdf ljzfntfsf] gd'gf / qf;sf] kof{o ag]sf]] d}jfvf]nf] lgs} glhs} b]lvof] . avf{df 8/nfUbf] u/L
pn{“b} / Psf]xf]/f] uh{“b} emg{] d}jfvf]nf] ;';fPsf] oxf“af6 k|:6 ;'lgof] . d}n] cfdfnfO{ ;f]w]“–
…x'd]vf]nf] dfªdfO{df ldl;G5 / dfªdfO{ d}jfvf]nfdf ldl;G5 . d}jfvf]nf]r“} s'g vf]nfdf ldl;G5 t cfdf <Ú
dflg;x¿ otfptf ul//x]sf lyP . To; ufp“n] xl6ofdf cfOdfO{x¿ r'/f, 6Lsf, uf]nf] P]gf cflbdf em'lDdPsf
lyP eg] d]/f] Wofg Pp6f ;fgf] e'O“k;nsf uf]nLld7fO{df lyof] . cfdf g'g, lrgL, dl§t]n, ;nfO{ cflb lsÌ
cfpg'ePsf] /x]5 .
…d}jfvf]nf] tn aUb} uP/ bf]efgdf k'u]kl5 tDd/df ldl;G5 . tDd/df x'd]vf]nfh:tf ;of}“ vf]nf ldl;G5g\ .
t];df dfªdfO{, d]jf / d}jfvf]nfh:tf vf]nf klg lgs}j6f cfP/ ldl;G5g\ . sfa]nL eÌ] Pp6L 7"nL gbL ptf
k"j{af6 cfP/ tDd/d} ldlN5g\ . ;a}nfO{ cfk"mdf ldnfP/ tDd/ zfGt eP/ axlG5g\ .Ú cfdfn] d]/f k|Zgsf] pQ/
Pp6L lzlIfsfsf em}“ lbg yfNg'eof] .
gbLx¿sf gfd ln“bf pxf“ cfb/fyL{ zAb k|of]u ug'{x'GYof] . o;n] ddf eg] tL gbLk|lt eo k}bf x'GYof] .

1
…cfa'O{ † tDd/vf]nf] t slt 7"nf] xf]nf xlu < /fhf klg tg{ ;St}gg\ xf]nf . clg tDd/ klg csf{] vf]nfdf
ldl;G5 t <Ú
…tDd/ tntn uP/ af/5]qg]/ k'u]/ ;Ktsf];Ldf ldl;lG5g\ .Ú
…clg ;Ktsf];L lg <Ú
…;Ktsf];L af/5]qeGbf cem tn uP/ dw];df eml5{g\ . dw];df tL cToGt km/fs eP/ k}mlnlG5g\ .Ú
…Psbd km/fs 5 < Tof] vf]nf] tg{ slt 7"nf] ;f“u' rflxG5 xf]nf xlu <Ú
…Psbd km/fs l5g\ sf];L . tg{ gfp x'G5g\ . Pp6f nfdf] g nfdf] kSsfsf] ;f“u' klg 5 c/] . db];df ;f“u'nfO{
k'n eG5g\ .Ú
…kSsfsf] ;f“u' eg]sf] Sof xf] cfdf <Ú
…kSsfsf] ;f“u' eg]sf] l;dG6Ln] agfÚsf] k'n xf] . l;dG6Ln] agfÚsf] k'n 9'Ëf]hlQs} alnof] x'G5 .Ú
…clg ;Ktsf];L sf“Ú hfG5 t <Ú
…;Ktsf];L tntn uP/ ef/tdf kl:5g\ . ef/tdf uËfhL eÌ] 7"nL gbL 5g\ . sf];L ltg} uËfdfO{df ldl;lG5g\
.Ú
ef/tdf k:5 eg]kl5 dnfO{ ef/t eg]sf] s'g} cf]8f/ jf To:t} Kjfnleqsf] ljlrqsf] ;+;f/ x'g'k5{ eÌ] nfUof] .
d}n] 7fg]“ To; cf]8f/leqsf] eoÍ/ ;+;f/df avf{df af9L cfp“bf Tof] 7"nf] u¨fgbL dfªdfO{sf eGbf cem ;ftf]
lng] u/L ;+;f/ ysf{p“b} kx/faf6 v:tf] xf]nf .
…clg uËf lg < uËfdf ;+;f/sf ;Kk} gbL cfP/ ldl;G5g\ ls Sof xf] <Ú
…uËfhL t ;fu/} x'g\ lg † t/ ;+;f/df uËfhLdf gldl;O{sg ;f]em} dfÚ;fu/df k:g] c¿ klg gbL 5g\ . l;Gw',
sfa]/L =======. uËfhL klg aUb}aUb} uP/ dfÚ;fu/df ldlN5g\ .Ú cfdfn] :gfg ubf{ eÌ] ug'{ePsf] dGq ;Dem“b}
uËf, od'gf, uf]bfj/L, ;/:jtL, gj{bf, l;Gw' / sfa]/L cflb gbLsf gfd cfb/k"j{s lng'eof] .
…clg dfÚ;fu/ lg <Ú
xf6ahf/df dflg;sf] 3'O“rf] / xf]xNnf a9\b} lyof] . cfdfn] elg/xg'ePsf ;a} /fd|/L ;'Ì ;lsÌYof] .
…dxf;fu/ t kfgL g} kfgL xf], ;+;f/df Pp6} dfq dfÚ;fu/ 5 . o; ;+;f/df e"ldeGbf dfÚ;fu/ 7"nf] 5 . k[YjL
t dfÚ;fu/sf aLrf“Ú cl8Psf] 5 .Ú cfdfn] cfk\mgf] 1fgn] e]6];Ddsf] hfgsf/L lbg'eof] . d wfqLnfO{ lnP/
8/nfUbf kx/f / 9'¨f kf/ ub{} dfªdfO{sf] lsgf/}lsgf/ d}jfvf]nf, d}jfvf]nfsf] lsgf/}lsgf/ tdf]/, tdf]/sf]
lsgf/}lsgf/ ;Ktsf];L / To;sf] lsgf/}lsgf/ uËf clg uËfsf] lsgf/}lsgf/ dxf;fu/;Dd k'Ug kfPsf] sNkgf
ug{ yfn“] . wfqL d]/f dflxnf sfsfsL 5f]/L wgdfof, d]/L ;djoL alxgL . k'lu“bf] xf] lg lx“8\b} uP Ps lbg
dxf;fu/;Dd †

@= n]lvx]g'{k¥of] eg]/

d}n] :s'n] pd]/d} /d]z ljsnsf] …;ft ;"o{ Ps kmGsf]Ú eÌ] rlr{t e|d0fj[Q k9\g] cj;/ kfPsf] lyP“ .
sf7df8f}“af6 uf];fO{“s'08 hf“bfsf] ;ftlbg] Tof] ofqfj0f{g d]/f nflu Ps cfbz{ ofqfs[lt xf] . ev{/} pg} n]vssf]
…gLnlul/sf] 5fofdfÚ k9]“ . Tof] s[lt klg rGb|df hf“bfsf] ofqfj0f{g xf]Og, xfd|} jl/kl/sf 7fp“sf] ofqfj0f{g klg
9Ë k'¥ofP/ n]Vg ;lsof] eg] ;a}sf nflu sfdnfUbf] x'g] /x]5 eÌ] s'/fsf] k|df0f xf] . …a]nfotlt/ a/fln“bfÚ,
…kftfnk|jf;Ú, …gLnf] kfgL / gLnf efjgfx¿Ú / …cgfd kxf8df kmGkmgLÚ h:tf rlr{t ofqfs[lt / sd rrf{df
/x]sf To:tf lstfa clg 5f]6fdl;gf ofqfn]vg lgs} ;ª\Vofdf k9]sf] 5' d}n] . dnfO{ o:tf n]vgn] slt xf]
slt emSemsfp“5g\ .
2
st} uP/ 3'dL cfpg]n] ofqfj[Q n]lvlbpg\ eÌ] dnfO{ nfU5 . c¿n] u/]sf] ofqfj0f{g k9\bf cfk"mn] klg n]Vg
;s] x'g] lyof] eÌ] klg nflu/xG5 . n]Vg] g} xf] eg] ;j{k|yd d}n] ldSnfhf]ª–ofqfj0f{g n]Vg' a]; x'G5, lsgeg]
ldSnfhf]ª eÌ] 8f“8fsf] ofqf lgs} sd dflg;n] u/]sf 5g\ . df]/ª, kf“ry/, Onfd / wgs'6f lhNnfnfO{ hf]8 \g]
of] tLg xhf/ b'O{ ;o ld6/hlt cUnf] 8f“8f] d]/f] 3/ O6x/faf6 glhs} k5{ . ;GtfpÌ ;fndf bfh' hLjg /
elthf bLks;“u u/]sf] rf/lbg] k}bnofqf xf] Tof], ca t ;a} ljj/0f 7Ls;“u ;DemÌ“ xf]nf n]v'“ eg] . t/
ldSnfhf]ªofqfdfly n]lvPsf] k':ts k9\g d}n] kfPsf] 5}g .
k"j{klZrd /fhdfu{df lj/f6gu/–w/fgaf6 ufO{3f6 / s6f/Llt/ hfg] uf8Lx¿n] dnfO{ Pp6f ;"rgf / xf“s
lbO/xGy] . tLdWo] s]xL uf8Lsf kfgLk]6 jf kL7kl§ /fd|f / 7"nf cIf/df …xn];L–bz{gÚ n]lvPsf] x'GYof] . s]xL
l5d]sL / ;fyL vf]6fªaf6} cfPsf eP klg xn];L eÌ] tLy{:yn d]/f nflu Psfb]zsf] lyof] . dWolbgdf tf/f
b]Vg kfOg] To; cnf}lss e"ldn] a;sf kL7 / k]6sf cIf/sf efÈfdf g} dnfO{ tfÌ vf]HYof] . d d]/f xh'/afsf
s'/fx¿ ;Demg k'Uy]“ . xh'/af ;ft;fnlt/ tfKn]h'ªaf6 kxf8}kxf8 psfnf], cf]/fnf], eL/kfvf, hËn, ufp“a]“;L
x'“b} sf7df8f}“ hfg] j|mddf cfk"m xn]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] bz{g ug{ kfPsf] sxfgL ug'{x'GYof] . bGTosyf eÌ] z}nLdf
xh'/af cfk"m kfkåf/, wd{åf/ / ue{åf/af6 ;xh} l5g{ ;s]sf] k'?Èfy{ ;'gfpg'x'GYof] .
cfdfn] cG7fpÌ ;fndf k"j{sf kz'klt elgg] tL xn]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] bz{g ug{ hfcf}“ eÌ'eof] . uof}“ . cfdfsf
k|]/0ffn] d}n] klg xh'/afn] l5/]sf kfkåf/ / wd{åf/ l5g{ kfP“ † b;lbg] Tof] ofqf cfdf–5f]/f b'O{hgf dfq
Ps;fy x'gkfPsf] ;a}eGbf nfdf] ;xofqf klg lyof] . ufO{3f6af6 8f“8}8f“8f kxf8, kxf8L hghLjg / 6f9f
b]lvg] lxdfnsf] /ldtf x]b{} clg af6fdf bxLb"w, /l;nf ;'Gtnf, pl;g]sf O:s';–km;L{, l9sLdf s'6]sf] wfg /
hf“tf]df lk;]sf] ds}sf] dL7f] eft vf“b}, kxf8L d"nsf] lr;f]–rf]vf] kfgL lkp“b} / kxf8L u|fdjf;Lx¿sf] ;'lsnf]
dfof a6'Nb} slQ xtf/ gu/L xfdL cfdf–5f]/fn] b; lbg nufP/ u/]sf] psfnLcf]/fnLsf] Tof] ofqfk|;ª\u
n]Vgnfos 5 .
ofqfj0f{g jf ofqfsyf–n]vgsf] p2]Zosf af/] d cgle1 5' . c¿n] n]V5g\, To;}n] d}n] klg n]Vg] hdsf{] u/]sf]
x'“ . dflg; ofqf ul//x]sf] a]nf vfln ef}uf]lns dfq ofqf ub{}g, pm cfk\mgf] dgleqsf] ;+;f/df klg ljr/0f
ul//x]sf] x'G5 . pm cfk\mgf] cfTdf, ljrf/ jf sNkgfsf] ofqfnfO{ a]nfa]nf aflx/L b'lgof“;“u hDsfe]6 u/fp“5 .
d]/f] a'emfOdf oL b'O{af6 pTkÌ x'g] gof“ cg'e"ltsf] cleJolSt g} lgofqf xf] . ;“u} pxL ofqfdf lx“8]sf b'O{
;fyLn] ofqf8fo/L agfP eg] klg tL b'O{ ofqf8fo/L cToGt leÌ} x'g]5g\ . ofqf;“u} dgdf pTkÌ x'g] k|To]s
t/Ë, eo, ;Íf]r, cfzf, lg/fzf, ;Gt'li6 cflb efjx¿nfO{ ;~ro tyf ;f6f;f6 ug{ kfOg] x'gfn] o:tf
ofqfljj/0f n]Vg' / k9\g' b'j}df dhf b]V5' d .
t/ a]nfa]nf cfk"mn] af“r]sf] lhGbuL / cfk"mn] b]v]sf] ;+;f/df gf}nf]kg s]xL 5}g, s] n]lv/xg' h:tf] klg nfUg]
u5{ †

#= ukmofqL

d}n] k9fpg] u/]sf] ljBfnosf lzIfsldqx¿ slxn] 5f]6f] t slxn] nfdf] e|d0fdf lg:sf}“ eg]/ s'/fsfgL ug'{x'G5
. e|d0fdf lg:sg] ljifodf rrf{ u/]/ dg axnfpgdf xfdL l;kfn' eO;s]sf 5f}“ . slxn] blIf0f ef/tsf] aL;–
afO;lbg] ofqfsf] sNkgf u5f}“{ t slxn] xfdL kfgLhxfh r9]/ cG8dfg / lgsf]af/ 6fk' lg:sG5f}“ . snsQf,
db|f;, aDaO{ / chd]/ t xfdL sNkgfsf] /]n r9]/ sltkN6 k'lu;Sof}“ . Psb'O{kN6 t aËnfb]z, kfls:tfg jf
dl/;;sf] ukmofqfdf b;afx«hgf ;kl/jf/ lg:s]sf 5f}“ .
xfdLdWo] sf]xL g sf]xLn] tL :yfgsf af/]df lgs} hfg]sf] x'G5 . lrq, k':ts clg ljZj1fgsf]if kN6fP/ tL
7fp“sf af/]df dgUu] hfgsf/L af]s]/ xfdL sNkgfofqf ug{] u5f}“{ . xfdLdWo] sf]xL cf;fd 3'd]sf] x'G5, sf]xL
d;'/L jf g}gLtfn jf snsQf k'u]sf] x'G5, pm xfdLnfO{ c¿yf]s s]xL ug{ gEofP klg cfk"mn] 3'd]sf] Tof] ;x/
g3'dL gdg{ ;Nnfx lbG5 .
@)^@ c;f]hsf] ;'?lt/sf] k|;Ë, s]xL ;xsdL{ ;fyLx¿ ldn]/ ;“u} snsQf 3'Dg hfg] eg]/ 5nkmn u¥of}“ .
6LsfhL, s'd'bhL, dg'hL, dgf]hhL, >Lw/hL, uf}td;/ / c¿ s]xL ;fyLx¿ ldn]/ b;}“sf] 5'§Ldf snsQf x]g{

3
hfg] s'/f] p7Øf] . d]/f] s'/} gu/f}“, dnfO{ t lx“8\g kfP k'Uof] . db/ 6]/];fsf] snsQf k'Ug kfOg] b]v]/ d lgs}
pT;flxt / pQ]lht lyP“ . lgs} lbg;Dd xfd|f aLr ukmsf] ljifo g} …snsQfÚ ePsf] lyof] .
hfg] elgPsf] ltly glhls“b} cfof] . 6LsfhLnfO{ ;f]w–]“ …tof/L s:tf] rNb} 5 <Ú
…v}, d t hfg kfp“5' h:tf] 5}g . lgs} jif{ y'lgPsf] b;}“ aNn o;kfln v'Nnf h:tf] 5 .Ú 6LsfhLn] cfkm\gf]
kl/jf/ 7"nf] ePsfn] ls t hGd ls t d/0f eOlbP/ b;}“ y'lgO/xg] kL8f JoSt ug'{eof] . w]/} efO xh'/afx¿ /
cgluGtL sfsf–afa'x¿ x'g]sf nflu b;}“ 5]lsO/xG5, clg cfPsf] b;}“ 7"nf] eP/ cfp“5 . pxf“n] eÌ'eof]–
…b;}“sf] tof/L ug{' 5 .Ú
s'd'bhLnfO{ ;f]w]“– …s] 5 t va/ <Ú s'd'bhL a¨fnL af]nrfn ug{ dhf;“u ;Sg] ePsfn] snsQf hf“bf pxf“sf]
;fy nfu]/ hfg kfP ;lhnf] kg{] x'GYof] . t/ s'd'bhLsf Pshgf a8faf v:g'eP5 . dg} vl:sof] . pxf“ klg
hfg gkfpg] x'ge ' of] .
bfdf]b/hL cfkm\gf] d"n 3/ cf;fd hfg] eP“ eÌ yfNg'eof] . s§]nhL cfkm\gL cfdfsf] :jf:Yok/LIf0f u/fpg
sf7df8f}“ hfg] x'g'eP5 . dg'hL;“u ;Dks{ u/]“ . pxf“n] klg c;dy{tf hgfpg'eof] . zdf{hL / g]kfnhL …oL
sf]xL st} hf“b}gg\Ú eGb} ;Dks{ g} gu/L emfkf cyf{t\ cfkm\gf 3/lt/ nflu;Sg'eP5 . dgf]hhLnfO{ ;f]w]sf] t
o;f] eÌ'eof]– …s'd'bhL ghfg] eP snsQf hfg'sf] s] dhf <Ú pxf“ klg tof/ b]lvg'ePg . p:t} hafkm cfpnf
eg]/ uf}td;/nfO{ ;f]lw/xg dg} nfu]g . hfg] elgPsf] ;do cfpg nfUbf sf]xL klg tof/ x'g] b]lvPg . xfdLn]
Toqf] lbg nufP/ agfPsf of]hgf vfln k'm;{t s6fpg] ukmd} ;Lldt ePsf lyP .

$= cGt guP klg /f“rLrflx“ hfcf}“

xfdL b'j}sf] b;“}labf ;'? eof] . s]xL lbgcl3b]lv snsQf hfg] eg]/ ljZj1fgsf]if / cGo k':tsx¿af6
snsQfsf] e"uf]n, Oltxf;, ;fdfGo 1fg, snsQF / pkgu/Lo If]qsf dxŒjk"0f{ 7fp“sf af/]df cltl/St
hfgsf/L lng lgs} /ft sDKo'6/df a;]“ . snsQfsf af/]df cfkm\gf nflu sfd nfUg] 7fg]sf lgs} ;"rgf ;Íng
ul/;s]sf] lyP“ .
@)^@ ;fn c;f]h ;q ut] ;f]djf/ . b'O6f lkmNd /f]n / Aof6/L lsg]“, kmf]6f] lvRgsf nflu . 5f]/Lx¿ /
>LdtLsf nflu gSsnL 6k lsg]“ . ofqfdf ;'g af]s]/ rf]/;“u lsg df5fdf5f Eofu'tf v]Ng' / † c¿ ;fdfg
ef/tlt/} lsÌ] eP“ .
d}n] ;LtfnfO{ eg]“– …ofqfdf ux«f}“ ;fdfg / n'ufkmf6f af]Sg' 7Ls x'“b}g . e/;s cfO/g nufO/xg gkg{] vfnsf,
kftnf / ;lhn} ;'Sg] n'uf 7Ls x'G5g\ .Ú
st} lx“8\g nfUbf cfwf 3/} af]s]/ lx“8\g vf]Hg] d]/L >LdtL o;kN6 eg] lgs} a'HemsL eP/ b]vf kl/g\ .
xfdL b'O{n] df};dcg';f/sf / e/;s kftnf / w'g–;'sfpg ;lhnf sk8f 5fGof}“ . ;Ltf t kmf]6f lvRbf g/fd|f
sk8f b]lvG5g\, clns w]/} sk8f n}hfcf}“ eÌ vf]Hb} lyOg\, d}n] To;f] xf]Og eg]“ . Sofd/f, a'?;, xn'sf rKkn,
kftnf] tf}lnof, ;lsg nfu]sf] 6'yk]:6, ;fgf ;fa'g, s]xL Kofs]6 ;]Dk', bf/L sf6\g] ;fdfg / z[Ëf/sf xn'sf
;fdfg 7Ls kf¥of}“ . lx“8\bf af]s]/} nUg ;lsg] b'O6f emf]nf tof/ eP . s]xL lbgb]lv kfgL kl//x] klg Pp6f
k'/fgf] 5ftf dfq af]Sg] lg0f{o u¥of}“, kfgL yfldPkl5 5ftf 3f“8f] x'g] eP/ .
5f]/Lx¿sf] k'mtL{kmftL{ x]g{nfos lyof] . st} lx“8\g] eg]kl5 7"nL 5f]/L k"hf crDd} rDsG5], ;fgL cg'hfrflx“
p:tf] pk|mÌ .
ofqfsf] ljifodf cfd–cfOdfO{eGbf ;Ltf cln leÌ l5g\ . ofqf eg]kl5 pgnfO{ Kof/fnfOl;; x'G5 . o;kN6sf]
e|d0fk|lt t emg\ pgsf] Pshft ?lr lyPg . ofqfsf] k|;Ëdf ;f“Rr} eÌ] xf] eg] d]/L kTgL ¿vh:t} x'g\,
v'§faf6 h/f knfP/ e'O“df ufl8G5g\ . pgnfO{ dfOt hfg klg cN5L nfU5, dfOt k'u]kl5 O6x/L kmls{g'kbf{
4
jfSs nfU5 . d]/L cfdf O6x/fsf] 3/df a:g'x'G5, v]tLkftL 5, cfkmGt, / sfsf–bfh'efOx¿ x'g'x'G5, rf8af8
/ c¿ a]nf klg uO/xg'k5{ . 3/ eg]sf] 3/ xf], t/ ;LtfnfO{ 3/ hfg eg]kl5 slt xf] slt x}/fg nfU5,
3/af6 O6x/L 8]/f kms{g k]ml/ p:t} g/dfOnf] nfU5 . xhf/ sfds'/fdf k'mlt{nL d]/L ;Ltf st} hfg eg]kl5
crDdsL nf];] l5g\ .
To;}n] o;kN6 ef/t hfg] eGbf pgnfO{ lbSbf/ nfUg' ;fdfGo s'/f] lyof] . t/ cGTodf pgnfO{ 3'Dg] s'/Fdf
;xdt u/fpg xfdL cyf{t\ k"hf / d ;kmn eof}“ . ca ofqfsf nflu ;aeGbf cfjZos s'/f] h'6fpg' af“sL
lyof] . Snf]y xfp;df 6]lnkmf]g u/]“–
…/f7LhL † clnslt ef=?= rflxof Yof]=====.Ú
…slthlt rflxg] xf]nf ;/=====<Ú
d}n] cfk"mnfO{ rflxg] hlt eg]“ .
…clxn] t clns k'Ub}g ;/, e/] kf“r ah]lt/ eP x'“b}g <Ú
lsg x'“b}gYof] † cfk"mnfO{ t ef]lnkN6 laxfg;Dddf eP klg eOxfNYof] lg †
ef/tLo k};fsf] klg ;lhn} aGbf]a:t eof] .
a]n'sf vfglkgkl5 ef]lnkN6 ;'? x'g] ofqfsf] ljifodf kfl/jfl/s a}7s a:of] . k"hf / d ef/tsf] gS;f cufl8
/fv]/ 7"N7"nf] :j/df rsL{rsL{ ax; ug{ yfNof}“ . s'/}s'/fdf slxn] chd]/, h};nd]/, aDaO{, uf]cf, db|f;,
x}b/fafb, aËnf]/, k'/L, ef]kfn, lbNnL, hok'/, nvgpm, cfu/f, /f“rL / k6gf k'UYof}“ . gS;fdf ;8s / /]ndfu{
b]vfpg] sfnf–/ftf wsf{ x]b{} xfdL otfaf6 otf hfg], olt lsnf]ld6/hlt / olt ?lkof“ nfUg;Sg] eg]/ ax;
uYof{}“ . oLoL ;x/ oltolt lbg 3'Dg], oLoL ;x/df jf; a:g] / oLoL s'/f x]g{] eg]/ gS;fdf cf}“nf 3'dfp“Yof}“ .
;fgL 5f]/L cg'hf ko{j]Ifs / >LdtL ;Ltf l6Kk0fLstf{ .
xfdLn] ofqfsf nflu o:tf] af6f] to u¥of}“ M ef]ln laxfg O6x/Laf6 sf7df8f}“sf] lbjf a;df r9]/
gf/fo0fu9;Dd hfg], To;kl5 wgu9L hfg] a; r9]/ wgu9L clg dx]Gb|gu/ k'Ug] . dx]Gb|gu/af6 ef/tsf]
ld?t x'“b} lbNnL hfg] . lbNnL b'O{ lbg 3'd]/ l;dnf, lasfg]/ / To;kl5 h};nd]/ k'Ug] . h};nd]/af6 pbok'/,
dGb;f}/, ef]kfn, hank'/, e/tk'/, l/jf, agf/; x'“b} k6gf cfpg] . k6gfaf6 hgsk'/ lg:s]/ O6x/L kms{g] .
;dosf] lx;fa u¥of}“– olt af6f] t 6«]g / df]6/df bf}l8g klg sDtLdf kGw| lbg nfUg] b]lvof] . of]hgf sf“rf]
7xl/of] . snsQf o; ofqfdfu{df lyPg, lsgeg] snsQfrflx“ o; jif{ geP klg ;xsdL{ ;fyLx¿;“u} s'g}
;do–;fndf ;kl/jf/ hfg] eg]/ 5'6ØfOPsf] lyof] .
s'g} dfu{ to ePg . ;Ltf xfd|f s'/f ;'g]/ xf“l:fg\ . pgn] elgg\– …cGt guP klg /f“rLrflx“ hfcf}“, ltdLx¿
b'j}sf] pkrf/ gu/L gxf]nf h:tf] 5 †Ú
sxf“ / s;/L hfg] eÌ] s'g} of]hgf lyPg, b; lbgsf] ofqf ug{] eÌ] dfq nueu c7f]6 lyof] . b; lbgeGbf
a9L ;do 3'd] otf b;}“ EofOÌYof] .

%= clglZrt lIflthlt/

;LtfnfO{ d}n] eg]“– …b;}“sf] d'v xf], sf7df8f}“af6 k"j{ cfpg] dflg;sf] rfkfrfk 5 . k"j{ cfpg] a;x¿ hlt
eL8 eP klg klZrd hfg] a; vfnL x'g'kg{] xf] . oxf“af6 gf/fo0fu9 hfcf}“ . gf/fo0fu9af6 wgu9Lsf nflu
uf8L kj|mg k|of; u/f}“ . b;}“sf] eL8n] wgu9L hfg uf8L kfOPg eg] e}/xjf k;f}“ . 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ n'lDagL 3'dfcf}“
.Ú
n'lDagLsf] gfd ;'g]kl5 k"hf v';Ln] pk|mg yfnL– …xf], xf] . n'lDagL hfg] †Ú
…wgu9L k'Ug kfOof] eg] <Ú ;Ltfn] ;f]lwg\ .
5
…rlr{t 6gsk'/ af“w x]/f}“nf, Tot}af6 lbNnL nfuf}“nf . lbNnL k'u]kl5 stf nfUg] eÌ] pxL“af6 of]hgf agfcf}“nf .Ú
…6gsk'/ g ;gsk'/, n'lDagL hfg] . kl5 ;fyLx¿nfO{ a'4 hGd]sf] n'lDagL 3'd]sf] ;'gfp“bf slt /dfOnf] x'G5 <Ú
k"hfn] cfk\mgf] ts{ t]:of{O{ .
…tkfO{“ p/G7]pnf s]6fsf em}“ lx“8\g vf]Hg'x'G5, l;Ë} 3/kl/jf/ lnP/ o;/L klg sf]xL lx“8\5 < g sxf“ hfg] eÌ]
of]hgf 5, g slxn] / slt lbg 3'Dg lg:sg] eÌ] cfk}“mnfO{ yfxf 5, o:tf] klg s;}n] u5{ <Ú
…xfdL eg]sf t ;+;f/sf dxf/fhf–dxf/fgL kf] t † hxf“ uP klg nfvf}“ dflg; :jfut / ;'/Iffsf nflu tof/
eOxfN5g\, s] 5 / †Ú d}n] 6]9f] hafkm lbP“ .
@)^@ ;fn c;f]h c7f/ ut] d¨njf/ . rf/} ah] p7]/ xtf/xtf/ tof/L u/] klg 8]/faf6 emf]nf af]s]/ ;8sdf
lg:s“bf ;ft alhxfNof] . sf7df8f}“af6 cfpg] /flqa; / hfg] lbjf a;x¿ uO/x]sf lyP . sf7df8f}“af6 cfpg]
dfq xf]Og ptf hfg] uf8Lx¿ klg plQs} vrfvr b]lvP . d lg/fz eP“ . ;dod} l6s6 sf6]sf] eP To:tf
vrfvr uf8Ldf pleP/ hfg'kg{] lyPg .
nfdf] af6f] lx“8\g Pp6f kl/jf/ kf]sfk'Gt'/f lnP/ ;8sdf cfOk'u]sf] b]v]/ Pp6f l/S;f xfdLlg/ cfof] . d}n]
;a}nfO{ To;df r9\g eg]“ . ;Ltf 5Ss kl/g\– …klZrd hfg]n] lsg l/S;f r9\g'k¥of] < a;kfs{;Dd t lx“8]/}
k'luxflnGYof] lg †Ú
l/S;f a;kfs{lt/ gnu]/ d}n] O6x/Lrf]slt/ nu]“ . blIf0fkl§ dfOj|mf]a; s'b\g 7Ls k/]sf] lyof] . xfdLnfO{ b]v]/
xf]nf, vnf;L emg\ hf]8hf]8n] s/fpg yfNof]– …lj/f6gu/ † lj/f6gu/ †Ú
d}n] ;LtfnfO{ eg]“ – …ca hf]uagL hfg] . hf]uagLaf6 sl6xf/ clg Toxf“af6 k6gf hfg] . cfh k6gf k'luG5
xf]nf .Ú
;Ltf s]xL af]lngg\ . c;f]hsf] c7f/ ut], o; ;dodf emndNn 3fd nfu]sf] x'g'kg{], t/ b'O{tLg lbgb]lv
emdemd kfgL kl//x]sf] 5 . dflg;x¿ o; jif{sf] b;}“ lxn]b;}“ x'g]ef] eg]/ lrlGtt b]lvg yfn]sf 5g\ . ;Ltfsf]
cg'xf/df df};dem}“ c“Wof/f]kg 5fO/x]sf] lyof] .

^= n' ca lkm/f}“

xfdL dfOj|mf]–a; r9]/ lj/f6gu/ k'Uof}}“ . clg ldgLa; r9]/ hf]uagLlt/ nfUof}“ . lj/f6gu/–hf]uagLsf yf]qf
ldgLa; r9\g' eg]sf] hLjgel/sf cgf}7f cg'ejdWo] Ps xf]] . ;f“u'/f ldlga;df vf“bfvf“b ub{} r9\g'k5{, a;sf]
s'g} efudf n'ufn] 5f]of] ls Tof] Rofltof] . yf]q] l6gn] 6fn6'n / a]/af/ kf/]sf] To; ;jf/L;fwgsf] gfd klg
a; g} xf] . To;n] tkfO{“sf] n'uf Roft]g eg] tkfO{“sf] xf]l;of/LnfO{ dfÌ}k5{ . Do'lhoddf /fVgsf nflu klg
yf]qf nfUg] a; r9\g] dg eP lj/f6gu/–hf]uagL ug'{k5{ .
hf]uagL g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldfdf cjl:yt cJojl:yt ;fgf] Jofkfl/s ahf/ xf] . Toxf“ g]kfnL u|fxsx¿nfO{ nlIft
u/L ef/tLo ;fdfgn] el/e/fp ;of}“ k;nx¿ 5g\ . Toxf“sf k;ndf g]kfnL ?lkof“ otfsf] h:t} u/L rN5 .
tkfO{“n] s'g} ;fdfgsf] bfd ;f]Wg'eof] eg] k;n]n] g]kfnL d'b|fd} eÌ]5 . Totfsf Jofkf/Ln] g]kfnL efÈf hfg]gg\
eg] ltgsf] Jofkf/ g} rNb}g . tL cfk\mgf 7"nf g]kfnL u|fxsnfO{ JolStut ¿kd} /fd|/L lrG5g\ / pwf/f]df
;d]t ;fdfg lbG5g\ . pgLx¿sf lrgf?, cfkmGt / lx:;]bf/x¿sf k;n lj/f6gu/, O6x/L, w/fg, pnf{af/L
cflb ;x/x¿df klg 5g\ . g]kfnL u|fxs ghfg] xf] eg] hf]uagLsf ;a} k;n aGb u/] x'G5 .
kfgL cln yfldPh:tf] t eof] t/ cfsfz g/fd|/L w'lDdPs} lyof] . 5f]/Lx¿ ef/t x]g{ kfPsfdf k|;Ì lyP .
hf]uagLaf6 sl6xf/ hfg] a; lgs} ca]/kl5 dfq 5'6\g] /x]5g\, To;}n] xfdL :yfgLo hLkdf r9]/
kmf/la;uGh;Dd k'Uof}“ . Toxf“af6 sl6xf/sf nflu ;/sf/L a; klj|mof}“ . ofqfdf kfgL ;fy} x'g'k5{ eg]/ d Ps
af]tn ldg/n jf6/ lsÌ nfu]“ . a;sf] lx“8\g] a]nf eP5 . ef/tLo a; xfdLsxf“ h:tf] £of/{£of/{ kf/]/ cfwf
306f a:t}gg\ . ;do x'gf;fy xfd|f] a; s'lbxfn]5, lhGbuLdf ef/t gk;]sL lar/L ;Ltfsf] ;ftf]k'Tnf] p8\g] g}
6
eof] . otfplt ;a} cgf}7f cg'xf/sf / glrg]sf dfq} 5g\, ss{z :j/df clg lxGbL dfq af]N5g\, pgnfO{ lxGbL
af]Ng gcfpg], gof“ 7fp“, cfk\mgf] nf]Ug]nfO{ 5f8]/ uf8L t x'O“lsOxfNof] . ;Ltf s/fpg yfln5g\–
…?lslhP g efOhL, ?lslhP, 7]l/P=== xfd/f dfG5] 5'6 luof====†Ú
…oxf“ ePsf] eP vnf;L, sG8S6/ / 8«fOe/x¿n] ofq'nfO{ b'Mv lbg] lgot geP klg cTofP/ /dfOnf] dgfpg]
lyP, t/ Totfsf laxf/L;d]t xfdLsxf“ h:tf x'“b}gg\ . sG8S6/n] eg]5–
…axghL, 3a/fOo] dt . xd cfks] cfbdL sf] n]s/ xL hfP+u] .Ú :6]G8af6 a; ;dodf lx“8\g} kg{] lgod
ePsfn] ltgn] clns tn nu]/ /f]s]5g\ . ldg/n jf6/ vf]Hg bf]sfg–bf]sfg rfxfg'{k/]sfn] d l9nf] x'g k'u]“5' .
lar/f vnf;L vf]Hb}vf]Hb} d eP7fp“ cfOk'Uof] . bf}l8“b}bf}l8“b} uP/ a;df r9]“ . 5f]/Lx¿ cfk\mgL cfdfsf] lxGbL
efÈf ;'g]/ e/] d/Ld/L xf“:t} lyP .
a; c/l/of x'“b} k'l0f{of“ k'Uof] . k'l0f{of“ k'Ubf k]ml/ kfgL bs{]/ ;a}lt/ hndUg ePsf] b]lvof] . em/Lsf sf/0f g}
xf]nf, df]6/df ofq'x¿ cToGt sd lyP . sG8S6/ ca uf8L To;eGbf cufl8 hf“b}g eÌ yfNof] . xfdLnfO{
csf{] uf8Ldf r9\g elgof] . clns k/ k'u]kl5 gof“ uf8Lsf] sG8S6/n] ;fgf 5f]/Lx¿sf] ef8f nfU5 eÌ yfNof]
. xfdL lsg clusf] uf8Lsf] sG8S6/;“u o; ljifodf pltv]/} geg]sf] eg]/ ljjfb ug{ yfNof}“ . xfdLnfO{ lnP/
k'l0f{of“;Dd cfpg] uf8Lsf ofq' :jLsf/ ug{] a]n}df xfd|f] l6s6 b]v]kl5 o:tf] s'/f ug{'kYof]{ eg]/ d}n] k|ltjfb
u/]“ . cGTodf p;n] d]/f] s'/f dfGof] . a;aflx/ dWo;fpgsf h:t} 3g3f]/ jiff{ eO/x]sf] lyof], ;Ltf ugug
ug{ yflng\–
…of] dxfem/Ldf s]sf] ofqf ug'{k/]sf] o; dflg;nfO{, 3/}df cfgGbn] ;'Tg' lg l;/s cf]8]/ lbgel/ †Ú
d af]lng“ . af]Ng} cK7Øf/f] kfl//x]sf] lyof] df};dn] . ;f“Rr} o:t} em/L kl//xg] xf] eg] t s] ult x'G5 xfd|f]
ofqfsf] < afx« jif{df nf]Ug] 3/ cfÚsf] d} cnlR5gLnfO{ h/f] cfÚsf] eg]em}“ x'G5 ls Sof xf] eÌ] eO/x\of] .
…oxL“ a:g cfPsf x}gf}“ Sof/], klZrdlt/ hfg] kf] t † clxn] kfgL k/] klg ef]lnkl;{;Dd t s;f] kl//xnf / †Ú
cfk\mg} egfOdfly ljZjf; geO{geO{ ;fGTjgfsf nflu eg]“ .
sl6xf/ k'luof] . lbgsf] 8]9 ah]sf] lyof] . kfgL t lala{/ dfq kb}{ lyof] t/ w'lDdP/ lbg} sfnf] ePsf] lyof] .
;+;f/sf] eb|uf]n b]z ef/t, ef/tsf] ;a}eGbf eb|uf]n /fHo laxf/, laxf/sf] ;a}eGbf uPu'h|]sf] ;x/ sl6xf/ /
sl6xf/sf] ;a}eGbf uPu'h|]sf] uNnL /]nj] hÍ;g hfg] af6f] . kmf]xf]/sf] s'/} gu/f}“ . lxnf] klg crDdsf]
sfnf]d}nf] . l/S;f, 6]Dkf], s'NnL / xf]6n]k;n]sf] lrRofx6 klg slt ss{znfUbf], v} s] eÌ] † o;} t laxf/Lx¿
ss{z :j/df lrRofP/ dfq s'/f u5{g\, To;dfly sl6xf/sfx¿sf] t sxfgL gub{} klg sfkmL 5 . lbp“;f]sf]
eL8 5, emf]nf af]s]sf g]kfnL b]v]kl5 xf]6njfnfx¿ tfg'“nf h:t} u5{g\–
…Ow/ cfOP efO{hL † cfOP axghL † rfjn t}of/ x} † /f]6L t}of/ x} †Ú
laxfg vfgf t vfOPs} xf], t/ lx“8\g] sfps'tLn] slt kf] vfg ;lsPsf] lyof] / † 5f]/Lx¿ ef]sfO;s]sf lyP .
5]psf] xf]6ndf k;]/ tfQftf] eftsf] c8{/ lbof}“ . Pp6f lgs} d}nf] n'uf nufPsf] laxf/Ln] df]6f g df]6f
rfdnsf] eft NofP/ lbof] . bfn, t/sf/L, crf/ cflb t lyof] t/ ;a}yf]sdf vfg} g;lsg] u/L g'g .
t/sf/Ldf c¿yf]seGbf vf];f{gL w]/} lyof], bfndf vf];f{gLsf laof“ / /x/sf bfgf a/fa/ eg] x'g] . olt
elg;s]kl5 crf/sf] ljifodf s]xL elg/xg'kb{}g .
;LtfnfO{ pRr /Strfksf] ;d:of 5, To;}n] xfd|f] kl/jf/sf] vfgfdf g'g, d;nf / t]n lgs} sd x'G5 .
s;}s;}sxf“ vfgf vfg] u/L kfx'gf nfUg hfg'kbf{ vfgfdf xflng] d;nf / g'g ;Dem]/ xfdLnfO{ hf“u/ d/]/
cfp“5 . laxf/Lx¿ g'g–vf];f{gL cToGt s8f vfG5g\ . casf s]xL lbg o:t} vfg'kg{] eof] eg]/ ;Ltf lg/fz
eOg\ . vfgf vfO;s]kl5 pgn] elgg\–
…n' ca lkm/f}“ =======3/== . olt 3'ldxflnof] ====== . 3'Dgsf nflu 5'6ØfPsf] vr{n] hf]uagLdf /fd|f/fd|f sk8f /
;f8L lsgf}“ . xfdLn] cfk\mgf lbbLalxgLnfO{ slxNo} o;f] sfdnfUg] sk8f lbg ;s]sf 5}gf}“, o;kflnsf] ofqfvr{
hf]ufP/ Tof] sfd u/f}“ =====. b;}“ cfO;s]sf] 5, 3/ k'Ubf cfdf slt v'';L x'g'xf]nf xlu †Ú
xf]6naflx/ clxn] emdemd kfgL kl//x]sf] lyof] . lbg w'lDdP/ b'O{ gahL ;f“emh:tf] nfUYof] . af6f] srsr
lxnfn] st} uO{;Sg' lyPg . d ;8slt/ x]/]/ Psf]xf]l/P“ . oxL laxf/ xf] ;f/f ljZjnfO{ 1fg / r]tgf af“8\g],
7
slxn] dxfjL/ t slxn] a'4sf] zflGt ag]/, slxn] rf0fSo t slxn] czf]s ag]/ . laxf/sf] ;+:s[lt, ;Eotf,
ljsf;, ;DkÌtf / ;'v ljZjdf gd'gf lyof] s'g} lbg . ef/tLo ;Eotfsf] s]Gb| d]/f] l5d]sL laxf/ cfh
srsr lxnfdf 5 . sl6xf/sf] To; 6x/] xf]6nsf] cf]l;nf] a]Grdf a;]/ d}n] l;Ë} ef/tjif{sf] Oltxf; ;Dem]“ .
;';+:s[t ef/tLo cfo{;Eotf / To;sf] uf}/jsf] Ps lx:;f d klg x'“ . d]/f] dg eP/ k'/f0f, /fdfo0f, dxfef/t,
/3'j+z cfP, eje"lt, sflnbf;, ef/lj, rf0fSo, /fd, s[i0f cfP, uf}td a'4 cfP, czf]s cfP . d Ps lxGb",
lxGb"x¿sf] dfq xf]Og af}4x¿sf] dxftLy{ xf] laxf/ . laxf/ laxf/Lx¿sf] dfq xf]Og, ef/tLox¿sf] dfq xf]Og,
l;Ë} Pl;ofnL / ljZjs} cgGo tkf]e"ld xf] .
xfdL ;Eo, ;';+:s[t lxGb"x¿nfO{ cfttfoL d'unx¿ cfP/ tx nufP . cª\u|]h cfP, r':g';Dd r';] clg
cGTodf 5f8]/ uP . s] xf] t xfd|f] ;Eotf cfh o;/L 8ª8ªtL ugfpg'sf] sf/0f < cfh xfd|f] l5d]sL laxf/
8s}tL, rf]/L, n'6kf6, cGofo, xTof, anfTsf/, 3';vf]/L, e|i6frf/, u'G8fubL{, wf“wnLh:tf ;a} ;fdflhs ck/fw
/ b'u{'0fx¿sf] 3/ ePsf] 5 . of] ul/aL, clzIff, ef]sd/L, cefj, s'kf]if0f, /f]u, cGwsf/, a]/f]huf/L / cjgltsf]
kof{o ePsf] 5 . laxf/ Ps l3gnfUbf] / c;'/lIft 7fp“ ePsf] 5 . krf;;f7L jif{sf] k|hftGq;d]t s'x]/ laxf/
To;}df 8'a]sf] 5 .
To; uNnLsf] kmf]xf]/ / lxnfn] ef/t eÌ] b]zsf] cJoj:yf, b'u{lt / s'¿ktf a8f] :ki6;“u b;f{O/x]sf] lyof] .
ca xfdL;“u ul/aL, cefj, e|i6frf/ / rf]/j[lQafx]s s]xL af“sL 5}g eÌ] a'em\g of] lxnf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf]
;"rgfkf6L ePsf] lyof] . xfdLaf6 x'g] 5f8fkg, e|i6 dgf]j[lQ / csd{0otfsf] lgn{Hh k|:t'lt x]g{ st}
uO/xg'kb{}g, xfdL hxf“ 5f}“ ToxL“ k|bz{g ug{ yflnxfN5f}“ . ul/aL / cefjk|lt xfdLdf uj{ 5 .
ca Toxf“ al;/xg ;do lyPg . d}n] >LdtLnfO{ eg]“– …8'Ng hf“b} 5f}“ eg]/ ;fyLx¿;“u / 5/l5d]sdf xfdLn]
Toqf] xNnf u/]sf 5f}“, sl6xf/af6 kmSof{}“ eg] xfdLnfO{ ;a}n] s] eGnfg\ <Ú
…tkfO{“ hlxNo} ug'{eGbf klxn] of] u5'{ / Tof] u5'{ eGb} xNnf ug'{x'G5, clg ;d:ofdf kl/“b}g t <Ú
k"hf l9kL s:g yfnL– …kms{g'x'“b}g, 3'Dg hfg] =====† hfg]======† gkms{g]====== †Ú
>LdtL gkms{g] s'/fdf ;xdt eOg\ . Psflt/ df};d o:tf] s'¿k 5, csf{lt/ ;Ltfleq ef/te"lddf k:tf x'g]
c;'/Iffsf] eo 5 . PSnf] >Ldfg\s} e/df 8'Ng pgsf] dg 8/fPsf] lyof] . jl/kl/ 3'ld/x]sf oL 8/nfUbf
laxf/Ln] cfk\mgf] nf]Ug]nfO{ s]xL ul/xfn] eg] < la/fdL kl/of] eg] < ;fyL sf]xL 5}g, xf/u'xf/ sf]xL 5}g, 3/b]lv
olt 6f9fsf] 7fp“, efÈf, /ª¿k rfnfdfnf gldNg] o; k/fO{ e"lddf PSnf] nf]Ug]sf e/df ofqf ug{ pgsf] leqL
dg 8/fO/x]sf] lyof] . nf]Ug]sf cufl8 ;f“rf] dg vf]n'g\ eg] p;n] eGnf– …dnfO{ ltdLn] s] ;Dem]sf] < Tolt
klg cf“6 5}g ddf < olt klg e/ 5}g ddfly < lar/L ;Lt], ltdL slt b'MvL lg † olt klg e/f];f ug{
g;lsg] dflg;;“u l;Ë} hLjg s;/L latfp“5Øf} t < s'g afWotfn] d;“u hLjgsf] o; dxfofqfdf lg:s]sL t
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/]nj] Kn]6kmfd{df k'Uof}“ . d}n] l6s6 sfpG6/df uP/ ;f]w]“– …k6gf hfg] uf8L sltv]/ cfpnf <Ú ef/tLo /]nuf8L
;"rgfkf6Ldf lbOPsf] ;docg';f/ xQkQ cfp“b}g eg] x'G5 .
…rf/ ah] .Ú pQ/ ;fob o:t} lyof], /fd|/L a'lemg“ .
…slt ah] k6gf k'Unf <Ú
…/ftsf] b'O{ ah] .Ú
/ftsf] b'O{ ah] k6gfh:tf] c;'/lIft ;x/df 6«]gaf6 cf]n]{/ s] ug]{ clg stf hfg] < dnfO{ k6gf hfg hf“u/
rn]g . a? efunk'/ clns glhssf] ;x/ xf], Tot} hfg' 7Ls xf]nf eg]/ efunk'/sf nflu sltv]/ 6«]g hfg] xf]
eg]/ ;f]w]“ . sl6xf/af6 efunk'/ hfg] t /]nuf8L g} /x]g5 †
…cf6f]Ú kj|m]/ efunk'/ hfg] a;kfs{ uof}“ . kfgL kl//x]s} lyof] . a;kfs{ x]bf{ sfd gnfu]/ 5f8]sf] 7fp“h:tf]
nfUg] vfnsf] . Toxf“ w]/} a; klg lyPgg\ .
a; tLg ah] 5'6\g] /x]5 . l6s6–sfpG6/ x]b{} cToGt cJojl:yt . l6s6–sfpG6/ g} sxf“ xf] eg]/ ;ft 7fp“
;f]Wg'kg{], sxL“st} ;"rgfkf6L 5}g . l6s63/d} k'u]/ d l6s6 sf6\g] sxf“ xf] eg]/ ;f]Wg k'u]“5' †
…efunk'/ sltv]/ k'luG5 xf]nf <Ú d}n] ;f]w]“ .
8
…;ft–;f9] ;ft ah] .Ú sfpG6/sf] dflg;n] eGof] . Tot} hfg' 7Ls xf]nf h:tf] nfUof] . To; uf8Laf6 efunk'/
hfg] l6s6 sf6\g]df d klxnf] JolSt eP“ . tLg alh;Stf klg s'g} ofq'n] l6s6 sf6]gg\ . t/ ;do ePkl5
a; lx“l8xfNof], ;/sf/L a; ePsfn] l9nfOrflx“ ubf{ /x]g5g\ .

&= g]kfndf /fhf ePs} /fd|f]

ofq' Tolt lyPgg\ . a; ;fgf] / yf]qf] . hxf“ kfof] ToxL“ /f]Sg] . uf8Ldf j|mdzM ofq' el/“b} cfP . sl6xf/ ;x/
5f]8\bf a;sf nueu ;a} l;6 el/O;s]sf lyP . casf] af6f] ;f]emf] t/ vfN8fv'N8Ln] ubf{ s'¿k lyof] . em/L
emdemd kl//x]sfn] xf] jf lsg xf] dnfO{ Tof] 7fp“ c“Wof/f] nflu/x\of] . uf8L Psgf;n] s'lb/x\of] . a;sf
ofq'x¿nfO{ lgofn]“– w]/}h;f] kmf]xf]/, b'Anfkftnf, s'kf]lift, yf]qf sk8fdf a]l/Psf / l3gnfUbf, cefj /
ul/aLsf k|lt¿k . sf]xL Ps 3/L s]/f af]s]sf, sf]xL yf]qf] af]/fdf clnslt 5]:sf5]:sL af]s]sf, sf]xL
Knfl:6ssf] clns 7"nf] af]/fdf s]/fsf ;'s]sf kft af]s]sf, sf]xL To:t} xfd|f] b[li6n] s]xL sfdgnfUg] yf]qf
;fdfg af]s]sf t sf]xL clnslt wfg, ux'“sf] kL7f], rfdn, ;gkf6, 8f]/L jf l;?sf] s'rf] af]s]sf cfOdfO{ /
nf]Ug]dfG5] . ltgsf z/L/df slxNo} ;fa'g blnPsf] lyPg . t?gL cfOdfO{sf skfndf eg] tf]/Lsf] sf“rf] t]n
nufOPsf] k/};Dd x\jf:; ugfpg] . logsf] skfn x]bf{ To;df ;]Dk' slxNo} k/]sf] h:tf] gb]lvg] . a"9L
cfOdfO{x¿sf] 5fnf e}“;Lsf] 5fnfh:tf] . logsf 6fpsfdf t]n plxNo} a}“;df jf ;'Ts]/L x'“bfb]lv otf k/]sf]
lyPg . oL s'¿ktfsf gd'gf lyP . logsf nf]Ug]x¿ klg To:t} x'“bf x'g\ . x'g t ;'Gb/tfsf nflu logLx¿;“u g
k};f 5, g k'm;{t, g /x/ . ul/ax¿sf] hLjgdf a}“; eÌ] rLh slxNo} cfpÌ, pÌfO; jif{;Dd s]6fs]6L /xG5g\,
PSsfO; jif{df a"9fa"9L eOxfN5g\ .
a; Psf]xf]/f] klZrdtkm{ bf}l8/x]sf] lyof] . ;8ssf] b'j}tkm{ 7"nf7"nf s]/f3f/L lyP . s]/fsf ljzfn au}“rf
sltslta]nf t df]6/ rf/kf“r ldg]6 bf}l8“bf klg kf/ x'“b}gy] . dgdg} eg]–“ …oqf] s]/f s;n] vfO;Stf] xf] †Ú
k]ml/ Psl5g v'Nnf 7fp“ cfp“Yof] clg k]ml/ xf]rf] hftsf To:t} s]/f3f/L b]vf ky{] . xf]rf] hldg hndUg 5,
Toxf“ ;v/v08] nx/f] jf To:t} vfnsf l;d;f/df x'g] emf/dfq lyP . clns cUnf] hldgdf s]/fsf cgGt
au}“rf, xfd|flt/sf em}“ wfgv]tL t st}st} dfq .
a]nfa]nf b]lvP;Ddsf] 7fp“ hndUg 5 . o:tf] 7fp“df s'g cÌ kmNbf] xf], dnfO{ hfÌ v;v; nfUof] .
5]p5fpsf ofq'x¿ x]/]“, sf]xL d;“u af]Nnfg\ h:tf] nfu]g . x'g klg d]/f cy{ g ay{sf s'/fdf s;nfO{ rf;f] <
t}klg lxDdt u/]/ d]/} 5]psf] d}nf]w}nf] a"9fnfO{ ;f]lwx]/]“–
…afa"hL † otflt/ t vf]O st} v]taf/L b]lv“b}g t < oxf“sf dflg;n] s] vfg] <Ú
…klxnf]kN6 cfpg'ePsf] xf] <Ú
…xf] t xh'/ † otf t klxn} kN6 cfPsf] x'“ .Ú
…cfk oxf“ hf] hndUg hldg] b]v /x] x}+ oxf“ ca s] s'5 lbgf]“ d] kfgL x6 hftf x} cf}/ hldg ;"v hftf x} .
ls;fg ckg]ckg] v]tf]“ k/ lgsnt] x}+, ox 3f;k'm; hdf s/s] 3/ n] hft] x} . hldg vfnL s/s] s'5 lbg afb
hldg 7Ls ;] ;"v hft] xL 6}«S6/ ;] ;f/f hldg hf]tjft] x}+ . 7G8L d]+ ox ;f/L hldg u]x'“ ;] x/]e/] xf]t] x} .
oxf“ u]x'“ sf km;n ax't cR5f xf]tf x} . cfk lbv /x] x+} g jx==Ú To; laxf/L a"9fn] Pp6f d'8\sf]h:tf] s]xL
j:t' emf/}emf/sf] tnfph:tf] v]tsf] aLrdf b]vfp“b} eGof]– …jx kDk ;]6sf kfOk x} . u]x'“s] v]t d]+ l;“rfO{ s]
lno]====.Ú
of] hndUg tnfp sflt{ssf] cGTolt/ ;'Sg yfN5 clg dª\l;/sf] ;'?df ufp“n]x¿ Tof] emf/hËn ;kmf u5{g\
c/] . emf/hËn x6fPkl5 6«ofS6/n] hf]Tbf /fd|f] klg x'g] clg Tof] emf/hËn ;'sfP/ lxp“bel/ eft/f]6L ksfpg]
/ cfuf] tfKg] ubf{ /x]5g\ . clxn]sf] Tof] hndUg tnfpdf kl5 ux'“sf] v]tdf kfgL k6fpg kDk;]6sf] Joj:yf
ug'{kbf{] /x]5 . ;f/f v]t /ftel/ kDk;]6sf] cfjfhn] u'Ghfodfg x'G5 c/] . Toxf“ pTkfbg x'g] ux'“ pRr
u'0f:t/sf] x'gfn] ljb]z;d]t lgof{t x'G5 c/] .
9
d]/f] ;fyL x'g k'u]sf] a"9f] x]bf{ To:tf] b]lvP tfklg k9]n]v]sf] /x]5 / ef/tsf] /fhgLlt / cy{zf:qsf] ljifodf
/fd|f] hfgsf/L /fVbf] /x]5 . p;sf] af]nfOdf cf}krfl/stf, ;Eotf tyf ;'Gb/tf 5tf5'Nn lyof] . wÌ p;nfO{
;'?d} d}n] cfb/k"j{s afa"hL eg]“5' . a"9fnfO{ k]ml/ /fd|/L x]/]“– vk6] ufnf, rfpl/Psf] cg'xf/, k'mn]sf / xKtf
lbgeGbf cufl8 sfl6Psf kftnf / gldn]sf bf/Lh'“uf, rfof k/]sf] cg'xf/, cfwfeGbf a9L v'OlnPsf] 6fpsf],
d}nf] sd]h / wf]tL, k'/fgf rKkn / lr/flr/f k/]sf v'§f . of] dflg; ufp“3/sf] rNtfk'hf{ / ;dfh;]jL x'g'k5{
eÌ]] dnfO{ nfUof] .
ca a"9f] d;“u v'n]/ s'/f ug{ yfNof] . pm g]kfnsf] /fhgLltdf klg hfgsf/L /fVtf] /x]5 . g]kfnsf gof“ /fhf
s7f]/, ;fx;L / b"/bzL{ 5g\ eÌ] p;nfO{ nfUbf] /x]5 .
p;n] eGof]– …ef/t t v]/ uof] . d';ndfg / lj|m:tfgn] d'n's ;n{Ss} lgln;s] . xfd|f g]tfx¿ v} s] u5{g\ s] †
lsg logLx¿nfO{ ;]s'n/ x'g'k¥of xf]nf < d';ndfgsf Toqf b]z 5g\, otf ;jf c/a hg;ª\Vof eP/ klg xfdL
lxGb"x¿ cfkm\g} b]zdf k/b]zL x'g nflu;Sof}“ † g]kfn ljZjsf] Psdfq lxGb" /fi6« xf] . xfdL lxGb"x¿sf nflu of]
;f/} uj{sf] ljifo xf] . g]kfnsf dxf/fh lji0f'sf ;fIfft\ cjtf/ x'g'x'G5 . o;sf/0f pxf“ xfdL ;d:t
ef/tjf;Lsf ;d]t dxf/fh x''gx'G5+, ljZjsf ;d:t lxGb"x¿sf dxf/fh x'g'x'G5 . tkfO{“x¿ efUodfgL .Ú
d}n] lxGbLd} eg]“– …tkfO{“ aflx/sf] dflg; . aflx/ a;]sfn] leqsf s'/f cg'dfgdfq nufpg ;S5g\ . ;To s] xf]
eg] ljZjsf /fi6«k|d'vx¿dWo] xfd|f /fhf slt xf] slt a9L tnaeQf vfG5g\ . g]kfnsf /fhf cd]l/sL
/fi6«k|d'vsf] tnaeGbf b;u'gf Hofbf clg lrlgof“ /fi6«k|d'vsf] tnaeGbf tLg ;o krf; u'gfeGbf Hofbf
dfl;s tna k8\sfp“5g\ . To;afx]s cfkmGt, efOelthf / cfkm\gf ljZjf;kfqaf6 kfpg] gh/fgfsf] s'g}
x/lx;fa 5}g . /fhfsf] glhssfx¿n] e|i6frf/ u/]/ cs't ;DklQ sdfp“5g\ . To;sf] s]xL lx:;f b/af/ hfG5
.Ú
a"9f] tLg5Ss k¥of] . d eGb} uP“– …g]kfnsf /fhf xTof/f, e|i6 / ljZjsf Ps vt/gfs t:s/ x'g\ eÌ]
g]kfnLx¿nfO{ nfU5 . g]kfnsf ax'd"No d"lt{x¿ t:s/L u/fP/ b]znfO{ aaf{b u/]/ pgL cfk"m dfnfdfn ePsf
x'g\ elgG5 . 1fg]Gb| ul/a b]zsf wgL /fhf x'g\ . 1fg]Gb|sf 5f]/fsf] gfd kf/; xf] . kf/;nfO{ nfu'kbfy{sf]
t:s/L / b'Jo{;gsf] cf/f]k 5 . g]kfndf nfu"cf}ifwsf] t:s/L emg\emg\ km:6fpg'df kf/;sf] ;+/If0f k|fKt 5
elgG5 . tL vt/gfs u'G8f klg x'g\ . pgn] slt hgfnfO{ uf]nL 7f]s]/ / slt hgfnfO{ uf8Ln] lxsf{P/
dfl/lbP, t/ pgnfO{ s'g} sfg'gn] 5'g ;St}g . o'j/fh kf/;n] g} /fhb/af/ xTofsf08 dRrfP/ /fhf jL/]Gb|sf]
j+zgfz u/]sf x'g\ eÌ] w]/}h;f] g]kfnLsf] cf/f]k 5 . afa'nfO{ /fhl;+xf;g lbnfpgsf nflu g} pgn] Toqf]
k|noª\sf/L /Stkft dRrfPsf x'g\ eÌ] xfdLnfO{ nfU5 .Ú
a"9f] d]/f] of] egfO dfÌ tof/ b]lvPg t/ p;df ePsf] ;Eotfn] d]/f s'/f sf6\g klg lbPg . p;n] eGof]–
…g]kfn tkfO{“x¿sf] . cfkm\gf] /fhf s]–s:tf 5g\ eÌ] tYo tkfO{“x¿ g} hfÌ'x'G5 . of] t xf], tyflk xfdL
ef/tLox¿sf nflu rflx“ g]kfndf /fhf ePs} /fd|f] . g]kfndf zflGt eP xfdLnfO{ klg 9'Ss . ef/tjif{sf
;d:t lxGb"x¿sf k/Dk/fdf /fhfsf nflu ljz]if :yfg 5 . g]kfndf /fhf /lx/xg] xf] eg] xfd|f] klg Tof] vf“rf]
65{ . /fhfa]u/sf] lxGb" ;+:s[lt ck"/f] / ckof{Kt x'G5 . ef/t lau|]s} /fhf geP/ t xf] †Ú
pm /fhkl/jf/ xTofsf08sf gfos bLk]Gb| g} x'g\ eG7fGbf] /x]5 .
…b]zsf ;d:ofsf] pko'St lgsf; lgsfNg g} tkfO{“x¿sf dxf/fhn] ;Dk"0f{ zlSt xftdf lng'ePsf] xf] . ca
pxf“n] dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ lgld6ØfÌ kfg'{x'g]5 . aNn g]kfndf ;'vzflGt / cfly{s ljsf;sf] af6f] v'Ng] b]lvof] .
b]z / k|hftGq hf]ufpg dxf/fhn] olt s7f]/ / clk|o sbd grfn]sf] eP b]z clxn];Dddf emg\ ;vfk x'g]
lyof] . /fhgLlts bnx¿ cToGt v/fa / cnf]slk|o 5g\ . g]kfnL hgtf dxf/fhsf] sbdaf6 cToGt v';L /
pT;flxt 5g\ . g]kfnsf] lgdf{0fdf dfq xf]Og Oltxf;sf x/]s df]8df g]kfnL /fhj+zn] hgtfnfO{ s'zntfk"j{s
g]t[Tj lbPsf] 5 . /fhfsf] g]t[Tjdf g]kfnLx¿sf] enfO 5 . /fhf ;lj|mo /xg'k5{ . b]znfO{ ;ª\s6 kbf{ /fhf
ePkl5 h:tf];'s} sbd rfNg klg kfpg'k5{ b]z hf]ufpg . lglij|mo /fhtGqsf] s] sfd <Ú
Tof] a"9f] g]kfnsf /fhfjfbLeGbf /fhfjfbL /x]5 . dnfO{ a"9fsf ts{ dhfsf nfu] . /fhfn] hgtfsf bnx¿nfO{
kfvf nufP/ ;Dk"0f{ sfo{sf/L clwsf/ cfk}“mn] lnPsf], k'/fgf k~r clg ;8]un]sf b'O{rf/ JolStsf cf8df
dgk/LtGq rnfO/x]sf] g]kfnsf] jt{dfg p;sf] b[li6df ;xL lyof] .
d}n] eg]“– …g]kfnLx¿ ca /fhf cfjZos b]Vt}gg\ . dfcf]jfbLeGbf /fhf g} cfhsf] g]kfnsf d'Vo cj/f]w /
;d:of x'g\ . /fhf ;]tf] xfQLdfq xf]Og, Ps ljiffn' ;k{ klg x'g\ . tkfO{“ ef/tLox¿nfO{ /fhf rflxG5 eg]
10
;lhn} 5 lg, s'g} k'/fgf /fhj+zsf Ps of]Uo JolStnfO{ /fhf :yfkgf ug'{xf];\ . tkfO{“x¿nfO{ xfd|f /fhf lji0f's}
cjtf/ x'g\ eÌ] ljZjf; nfU5 eg] tkfO{“x¿sf nflu l;Q}“df lbp“nf g . s] ef] /, cfkm\gf c;n l5d]sLnfO{ Ps
yfg ultnf /fhf lbg kfp“bf xfdL klg v';L====†Ú
;+:s[lt, efÈf, ;flxTo, oftfoft, df};d, v]tL cflb cg]s ljifodf v'n]/ ukm rNof] . cGTodf a"9f] t
kfls:tfgL cfk/flws ;d"xx¿ g]kfndf cf>o lnP/ ef/tlj?4 ultljlw ul//x]sf 5g\ eÌ yfNof] . d}n] 7f8}
k|ltjfb u/]–“
…ef/tsf zq'x¿nfO{ xfdLn] lsg kfngkf]if0f ug{] < cfk/flws dflg;n] g]kfndf cf]t kfP eg] To;sf] df/
g]kfnnfO{ g} emg\ Hofbf kb{}g / <Ú
p;n] eGof]– …Tof] t xf] ====.Ú
hndUg ;+;f/sf aLraf6 cUnf] af“wh:tf] ;8s Psgf;n] klZrdlt/ ndtÌ k;fl/O/x]sf] lyof] . ef/tsf]
pQ/k|b]z / laxf/sf g]kfnglhssf ;8s af“wem}“ nfU5g\ . ;8snfO{ hldgaf6 lgs} cUnf] gkf/] avf{ofddf
e]naf9Ln] oftfoftdf cj/f]w l;h{gf ul//xG5 . g]kfn–ef/t ;Ldfglhs o:tf …;8sÚ lgdf{0f u/]/ ef/tn]
g]kfnsf w]/} s[lifof]Uo hndUg u/fOlbg] u/]sf] 5 . kfgLsf] lgoldt axfjnfO{ afwf kg{] u/L ul/g] s'g} klg
ef}lts ;+/rgf lgdf{0f ug'{cl3 l5d]sL b]zsf] :jLs[lt–;xdlt lng'kg{] cGt/f{li6«o sfg'gnfO{ ef/tn] slxNo}
cfb/ u/]g . a8f] b'i6 l5d]sL xf] ef/t . rLg;“u n8\bfn8\bf ef/tLo kmf}h …axfb'/L s] ;fy lk5] x6 /x] x}+Ú sf]
xfntdf k'Uof], >Lnª\sfdf cfuf] nufpg uPsf /fhLj uGwL To;} cfuf]n] e:d eP, kfls:tfg p;sf] hGdhft
zq', e'6fgsf] pm :jfdL x'g vf]H5, adf{;“u klg of] ldNb}g, aª\unfb]z;“u t a]nfavt uf]nL xfgfxfg;d]t
rN5, pQ/k6\l6sf] xfd|f] ;fgf], sdhf]/ / ul/a b]z g]kfnnfO{ c;dfg ;lGw;Demf}tf u/fP/, bnx¿nfO{ k'm6fP/
/ km6fP/ clg slxn] sfnfkfgL t slxn] ;':tf / dx]zk'/df ;f“w;Ldf ldr]/ x}/fg kf5{ . Toltn] gk'u]/
gbLgfnfdf cf“vf nufpg] clg slxn] dxnL;fu/ af“w af“w]/ g]kfnL e"efu 8'afgdf kfg{] ul//xG5 .
;8ssf b'j}lt/ /Ë g 9Ësf ¿vla?jf / emf8L a9]sf lyP . a]nfa]nf em'k8L3/sf afSnf g afSnf t/ ;fgf
ufp“x¿ x'O“lsP/ cfp“y] clg sl6xfNy] . st}st} ;fgfltgf kfgbf]sfg, lrofk;n jf ls/fgf k;nx¿ ePsf
ufp“ klg cfp“y] / uOxfNy] . hxf“ klg p:t} 3/, p:t} ufp“ / p:t} dfG5] . s';{}nf eÌ] Pp6f ;fgf] ahf/
cfOk'Uof] . d';nwf/] kfgL kl//x]sf] lyof] . a; s]xLa]/sf nflu cl8of] . kfgL kg{ sd ePkl5 w]/}a]/ a;df
a;]sf ofq'x¿ ;fj{hlgs rkL{ k|of]u ug{ t“5f8\d5f8\ ug{ yfn] . s';{}nf k'u]kl5 t s] lyof] /, ca Ps} l5gdf
gjul5of, clg t efunk'/ k'luxflnG5 eÌ] dnfO{ nfUof] .
a; lx“8\g] ;do ePkl5 ofq'x¿ leq k;] . clu d]/f 5]pdf a;]sf] a"9f] t sltv]/ oxL“ plqP5 . s:tf]
crDdsf] xfd|f] ;+:sf/ † ;“u} a;'Gh]n cfkmGth:t} eP/ af]nrfn u¥of], 5'6\g'kbf{ s'g} efj 5}g, g …cfP“ x}Ú g
…uP“ x}Ú .
xfd|f] ;Ktsf];LnfO{ ef/tdf sf];L g} gfdn] lrlgG5, t/ o; 7fp“df eg] :yfgLo efÈfdf s';{}nf eg]/ elgG5 .
s';{}nfn] aufP/ NofPsf] n]bf]n] ag]sf] ljzfn afn'jfljxLg au/, l;d;f/ / kfgL oxf“ w]/} lsnf]ld6/;Dd
k}mlnPsf] 5 . clg s]xLa]/df clncln afn'jf / sf“;3f/Lsf] cgGt k}mnfj6af6 xfd|f] af6f] l55{ . clg
df5fkf]v/L h:tf nfUg] v]tsf a8fa8f u/f cfp“5g\ clg k]ml/ v]t . jiff{t\sf] df};d, htf x]/] klg ;d'b| nfUg]
u/L s';{}nfsf] kfgL k}mlnPsf] b]lvG5 . s';}{nf gbL oxL xf] eg]/ eÌ ;d]t ufx«f] knf{ eg]h:tf], t/ s]xLa]/kl5
Ps dxfgbLsf] ljzfn k}mnfj6 b]lvg yfNof] . d]/f] kljq sf];LnfO{ Tolt /fd|f] gfd 5“bf5“b} csf{] gfd
lbO/xg'sf] sf/0f d a'l‰bg“ .

*= ho uª\ufdftf †
a]n'sfsf] ;ft ah]lt/ aNn gjul5of b]lvof] . gjul5of d}n] b]v]sf] ;dob]lv otf stf xf] stf ljsl;t
eP5 . p;a]nfsf] Tof] ;fgf] a;:6k cfh Pp6f Jo:t rf]s eP5, ;8ssf b'j}tkm{ cUnf 3/x¿ pleP/ ;–
;fgf] ;x/} agfPsf /x]5g\ . klZrd hfg] af6f] 5f8L ca blIf0ftkm{ nfUg' lyof] . klZrd hfg' eg]sf] ;fob

11
k6gflt/ nfUg' xf] . gjul5of cfOk'u]kl5 d}n] a;sf] sG8S6/nfO{ cfk"mx¿ efunk'/df sxf“ a:g' 7Ls x'G5
eg]/ ;f]w]“ . p;n] eGof]–
…7x/gf tf] b]jLafa" wd{zfnf d]+ 7Ls xf]uf efO{hL . ;:tf eL, cR5f eL . a; ;] pt/s/ hfgf eL cf;fgL
xf]uf cfksf] . jxf“ s] lno] l/S;f n]gf cfjZos gxL“, Psbd s/La x} .Ú p;n] Psb'O{ ofq'sf] ;d]t ;Nnfx
lnP/ o;f] eg]sf] lyof] .
p;n] xfdL 3'Dg cfPsf eÌ] a'em\of] . sG8S6/ /dfOnf] dflg; /x]5, p;n] eGof]–
…rlno] xdf/f d'Ë]/ . jxf“ cfknf]u s] lno] vfg kLg j /xg] s] lno] sf]O{ eL lbSst gxL+ xf]uf . sn ;a]/] xL
cfk k6gf s] lno] /jfgf xf] ;st] x}+ .Ú
;f“em lgs} lalt;s]sf] lyof] . xfdLdf ;do;“u} a]r}gL;d]t al9/x]sf] lyof], To;}n] a; d'Ë]/ hfg] eP klg
efunk'/d} jf; a;L ef]lnkN6 lx“8\g] ;f]rfO agfof}“ .
cl3Nnf] kN6 cfp“bf oxf“af6 uËf tg{ dnfO{ hxfh r9\g'k/]sf] lyof] . ;fgf;fgf 8'Ëfb]lv lnP/ tLgrf/tn]
df]6/hl8t kfgLhxfh klg lyP p;a]nf . kl5 oxf“ gof“ k'n ag]sf] 5 eÌ] s'/f ;'g]sf] dfq lyP“, cfh Tof]
ljzfn k'n b]Vg kfpg] clg ;LtfnfO{ ljZjsf] Ps dxfg\, kljq / rlr{t d]/f] uËf gbL b]vfpg kfOg] v';Ln] d
cfx\nflbt ePsf] lyP“ . p;a]nf d ;fgf] kfgLhxfh r9]/ kfl/ efunk'/kl§ k'u]kl5 gbLlsgf/df cfgGb;“u
g'xfOw'jfO u/]/ ;x/ k;]sf] lyP“ . cfh tL hxfh / 8'Ëfx¿ sxf“ 5g\ eÌ] ;f]Wg];Dd ddf rf;f] af“sL 5}g,
Oltxf;nfO{ ;Ddfg ug{ ghfÌ] xfd|f] hft==== .
p;a]nf cfp“bf d}n] uËflsgf/df Pshf]/ xftn] l6k]sf] Pp6f l;Ë} v/a'hf] PSn} vfPsf] lyP“ . v/a'hf a]Rg] tL
hfb'u/L xftx¿sf] tl:a/ dgsf] pHofnf] s'gfdf s'g} rlvnf] :jfbsf] ;Demgfe}“m Ho"“bf] 5 † cfkm\gf] wfl/nf]
x“l;ofn] Tof] v/a'hf] lr/flr/f kf/]/ tL ls;fgafnfsf xftn] dnfO{ lbP . d}n] u¨flsgf/sf] To;} anf}6] au/df
6'j|m'Ss a;]/ vfPsf] lyP“ . kfs]/ /ftf] / /l;nf] Tof] k/k/;Dd af:gf 5f8\5 ls h:tf] eO;s]sf] v/a'hfsf]
d"No Ps ?lkof“dfq lng rfxL p;n] †
o'jtLn] nx/faf6 v/a'hf] l6Ktf cfkm\gf g/d xft o:t/L k|of]u uyL{ ls To; af]6n] cfkm\gf] kmn r'“8fPsf]
slxNo} yfxf kfp“b}gYof] xf]nf † p;sf cf“vfdf s;}nfO{ 3fon agfpg] s6fIfaf0f lyPgg\ a? tL cf“vfdf
;+;f/nfO{ 8'afpg ;Sg] ¿k;d'b| 5rlNsO/x]sf lyP . dflg; To; ;d'b|df k;]kl5 g lg:sg rfxGYof] g
;SYof] . sfnL klg slt /fd|f x'g ;S5g\ eÌ] gd'gf lyO{ pm . uËfsf] kfgLdf g'xfPsL k/L;“u uËflsgf/s}
ljzfn / ;'g;fg k}mnfj6df cy{ g ay{sf s'/f ub{} cfwf 306f v/a'hfsf] tktk r'lx“bf] /; clg cfkm\g} cf]7
rf6]/ :jfb ln“b} a:g kfPsf] d"No kmut Ps ?lkof“ † hLjg klg ljlrqsf], ;a}eGbf ax'd"No j:t' ;a}eGbf
;:tf]df kfOg] †
dnfO{ a]nfotL slj PG8«Ø' df/e]nsf] sljtf …6' lxh sf]P ld:6«];Úsf] ofb cfof] . ;do eÌ] jfo'kª\vL 3f]8f
gePsf] eP v/a'hf] yfKtf p;sf rf“bLsf] cf}“7Lhl8t tftf cf}“nfaf6 k|fKt :kz{n] nfu'kbfy{n] em}“ n6\l7P/ b'O{
xhf/ jif{ p;s} cufl8 pleO/xGy]“ . d uËflsgf/df a;]/ b; xhf/ jif{;Dd p;sf xftaf6 v/a'hf vfO/xg]
lyP“ . p;sf uËfh:tf gLnf cf“vfdf 8'a'NsL df/]/ d csf{] b; xhf/ jif{ To;} tftf] au/df a:g] lyP“ .
xhf/f}“xhf/ jif{cl3 klg ls;fgafnfx¿n] o;} u/L ofq'nfO{ o; au/df kfs]sf] v/a'hf] v'jfp“y] xf]nfg\ .
a6'jfx¿ klg tL afnfx¿sf ¿kdfw'o{ / xfpefp lkP/ jiff}“ dflt/xGy] xf]nfg\ . uËflsgf/nfO{ kljq / /ËLg
kfg{ oL cK;/fx¿ cjtf/ lnO{lnO{ oxf“ cfP/ dfgj;]jfdf clk{t eO/x]sf xf]nfg\ †
uËfsf] ljzfn k'n cfOk'Uof] . k'n rf/ lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] 5 eg]/ Ps hgf ofq'n] eGof] . cUnf] nfU5 of] k'n .
uËf gbL w]/} jif{kl5 b]Vg kfp“bf dg} ubub eP/ cfpg] x'G5 . xfd|f ufp“3/sf dflg;x¿ agf/; jf uËf gbL
e]l6g] s'g} klg 7fp“sf] tLyf{6g ubf{ Pp6f ef“8fdf uËfhn af]s]/ nfG5g\ / cfkmGt, 5/l5d]s / ;fyLefOnfO{
;'?Kk kfg{ lbG5g\ . Tof] ;'?Kk kfg{'kg{] kljq hn u'l8/x]sf] uf8Ld'lg alx/x]sf] lyof] . dflg;x¿ uËfdftfk|lt
>4f JoSt ug{ k};f r9fp“5g\ . xfdLn] klg oGqjt\ Pp6f l;Ssf r9fof}“ . xfdLn] >4fjz g'x]/ 9f]Ub} eGof}–“
…ho uËfdftf ======†Ú
k"hfn] ;f]wL– …k};f lsg kmfn]sf] lg vf]nfdf <Ú
…kmfn]sf] xf]Og, r9fPsf] . xfd|f] ;+:sf/ . xfd|f] h'uf}“b]lvsf] rng===== .Ú
12
…plxNo}b]lv ;Kk}n] u/L slt k};f kmfln;lsof] xf]nf o; vf]nfdf <Ú
…========================ÛÚ
kfl/kl§ efunk'/ ;x/ a]x'nL;/x l;“ufl/P/ xfdLtkm{ kmsL{kmsL{ d';'d';' d':sfO/x]sf] lyof] . ;f“emsf]
lemlnldnLdf efunk'/ bLkfjnLdf em}“ ;'Gb/ b]lvGYof] . Ps}l5gdf a; bf}8]/ uËfsf] p; lsgf/df k'Uof] .
efunk'/sf] To; k'naf6 kfl/kl§sf 3/x¿ nx/} ldnfPsf lah'nLhl8t O“6h:tf b]lvGy] . rf/–kf“rtn] 3/x¿
klg o; cUnf] k'naf6 xf]rf b]lvGy] . a; Ps}l5gdf x'O“ls“b} ;x/leq k:of] . /ftsf] cf7 aHg nfu]sf] lyof],
;x/ cToGt Jo:t b]lvGYof] . dflg;x¿ htftt} eL8ef8 ub{} bf}l8/x]sf, htftt} lsgd]n ul//x]sf, s'g}
/dfOnf] d]nfh:t} nfUYof] . s]6fs]6L pd]/df d]/f gft]bf/, 5/l5d]sL / s'g}s'g} afn;vfx¿n] vfg] u/]sf]
…kxnjfg 5fk v}gLÚsf] vf]ndf …rf}a] tDafs' k}mS6/L efunk'/Ú / To;;“u} Pp6f kxnjfgsf] lrq b]v]sf] lyP“ .
kl5 anjfg 5fk v}gLn] ahf/ 9fs]kl5 Tof] x/fof] . Tof] rf}a] tDafs' km\ofS6/L ot} st} xf]nf .
d}n] k"hfnfO{ eg]“– …efunk'/ uËflsgf/sf] Ps ;'Gb/ ;x/ xf] . efunk'/sf] k'/fgf] ;x/ a;]sf] hldg gbLaf6
Psbd cUnf] 5 . ;x/ w]/} 7"nf] nfU5 . of] ;x/ lgs} k'/fgf] klg xf] . xfdL o; ;x/sf] e|d0f ug{ geP/
cfhsf] /ft jf; a:g dfq oxf“ /f]lsg nfu]sf xf}“ . efunk'/ /]zdL sk8f, ;gkf6 / lrgL pBf]usf nflu
ljZjk|l;4 5 . t]nxg, wfg, ux'“, ;'tL{ / ;'tL sk8fsf pBf]usf sf/0f klg of] ;x/ gfd'b 5 . of] ef/tsf]
Ps 7"nf] Jofkfl/s s]Gb| tyf rNtLsf] /]nj] hÍ;g klg xf] . laxf/df k6gf / uofkl5 efunk'/ g} 7"nf] ;x/
xf] . laxf/df oLafx]s klg d'Ë]/, d'hk\mkm/k'/, b/eËf, laxf/ ;l/km, 5k/f, cf/f, df]tLxf/L, k'l0f{of“, sl6xf/h:tf
cg]s 7"nf7"nf ;x/ 5g\ .Ú
k"hfnfO{ gof“ 7fp“, gof“ dflg; / gof“ ljifo w]/} dgk5{ . pm d]/f s'/f d'v afP/ ;'lg/x]sL lyO{ .
d}n] o; ;x/sf] af/]df yk hfÌ vf]h]“ . xfd|f] a;sf] sG8S6/sf cg';f/ efunk'/sf] cflwsfl/s hg;ª\Vof
nueu rf/ nfv eP klg :yfgLo dflg;x¿ oxf“ kGw|–;f]x« nfv dflg; a:5g\ eGbf /x]5g\ . d}n] sG8S6/nfO{
;f]w]“–
…efunk'/sf Psb'O{ d'Vo 7fp“sf af/]df atfpg'xf];\ g . ef]ln Psb'O{ 7fp“ x]g{ dg 5 .Ú
…efunk'/ sf]O{ ko{6sLo zx/ gxL+ x} efO{ † lkm/ eL oxf“ sO{ ljzfn dlGb/ cf}/ dl:hb]“ x} . uËf:gfg h?/
s/gf . oxf“sf 3f6 kljq dfgf hftf x} . efunk'/ o'lgjl;{6L eL b]vg] nfos x} .Ú t/ d}n] krf; ;fndf 3'Dg
cfp“b} b]v]sf], efunk'/ ljZjljBfno x]g{nfos vf;} 5}g . of] x]/L t xfd|f] lqe'jg ljZjljBfno g} lgs} ultnf]
.
xfd|f] sG8S6/sf cg';f/ efunk'/sf gAa] k|ltzt dflg;x¿ lxGb" / b; k|ltzt dflg; d';ndfg /x]5g\ . t/
dl:hb, u'Dah k/]sf 3/ / sfnf] n'ufdf lx“8]sf d';ndfg cfOdfO{sf] pkl:ylt x]bf{ d';ndfg b; xf]Og
rfnL; k|ltzt 5g\ ls nfUg] .
x'g t af}4 wd{sf k|0f]tf eujfg\ a'4 g]kfndf hGd]sf x'g\ t/ pgn] lzIff / 1fg laxf/d} kfP, wdf{]kb]z
pQ/k|b]zsf] ;f/gfydf u/] klg pgsf] hLjgsf] w]/}h;f] ;do oxL laxf/df laTof] . cfhsf] emf/v08 /fHo ;g\
@))) ;Dd o;s} Ps efu lyof] . uf}td a'4n] cfk\mgf] hLjgsf dxŒjk"0f{ afx« jif{ emf/v08sf cg]s 7fp“df
wdf{]kb]z ub}{ latfP .
laxf/ gfd cfk}“mdf af}4 wd{;“u hf]l8G5 . s'g} ;dodf b'O{ xhf/eGbf a9L cfjf;Lo lzIfs / aL; xhf/hlt
cfjf;Lo ljBfyL{ k9\g–] k9fpg] ljZjk|l;4 gfnGbf ljZjljBfno laxf/d} lyof] . t/ cfh oxf“ af}4
wdf{jnDaLsf] ;ª\Vof gu0o 5 . df}o{ / u'Kt ;fd|fHosf] hu of] laxf/ h}g wd{sf ;+:yfks dxfjL/sf] hGde"ld
klg xf] . k"j{sf b'O{ lhNnf klZrd aËfnnfO{ r9fP/ clg emÌ} cfwf e"efu 6'lj|mP/ emf/v08 ag]kl5 laxf/
v'Dr“b}–v'Dr“b} 6flS;P/ cfhsf] o; ¿kdf cfOk'u]sf] xf] .
xfdL laxf/sf] t];|f] 7"nf] ;x/ efunk'/sf] dWo efudf cfOk'Uof}“ . sG8S6/nfO{ wGojfb lb“b} a;af6 cf]ln{of}“ .
a;n] xfd|f nflu sf]tjfnL/f]8l:yt b]jLafa" wd{zfnfsf] cToGt glhs} /f]lslbPsf] /x]5 . ;lhn} k'lug] /x]5 .
b]jLafa" wd{zfnf eJo /x]5 . 3/ t w]/} k'/fgf] xf] t/ Joj:yf /fd|f] . afy?d;lxtsf] cf/fdbfoL sf]7f ldNof] .
wd{zfnfsf sd{rf/L ;xof]uL /x]5g\ . pgLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ cfjZostfcg';f/sf] sf]7f lbP . sf]7fsf] aGbf]a:t
13
ePkl5 ;Ltf cfk"m clg 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ g'xfOlbg / lbgel/ nufPsf n'ufkmf6f] w'g nflug\ . drflx“ aflx/k]m/
lg:s]/ b'O{rf/ cTofjZos ;fdfg lsÌ nfu]“ .
glhs}sf] xf]6ndf vfgf vfg kfOof] . efunk'/sf] vfgf /fd|f] / dL7f] x'“bf] /x]5 .
lbgel/sf] em/Lkl5 oxf“ cf]efgf] ;x/df cfOk'u]sf lyof}“ . oxf“ kfgL k/]s} lyPg . cs{} ;do ePsf] 7fp“df
cfOk'u]em}“ eof] . g'xfOw'jfO / vfglkgkl5 ;a}hgf cf/fd;“u a:of}“ . lah'nLkª\vfsf] d'lg zLtndf a;]/
cfhsf lbgsf] ;dLIff u¥of}“ . ;Ltfsf] cg'xf/df sl6xf/ / k'l0f{of“df b]lvPsf] cf}“;L / lg/fzf x6\t} lyof] .
a;sf ofq', sG8S6/, wd{zfnfsf sd{rf/Lx¿sf] Jojxf/n] xf]nf pgdf ca eg] cufl8 ofqf ug{] lxDdt
knfPsf] lyof] .
ef/tsf] gS;f kN6fP/ k"hf / d 5nkmn ug{ yfNof}“ . P6n; gS;fdf b]vfP/ xfdL olt 6f9f cfOk'u]sf 5f}“
eg]/ d}n] k"hf / cg'hfnfO{ b]vfP“ . xfdL lx“8\g] ?6df efunk'/sf] gfd lyPg . t/ cfOof], h] eof] 7Ls eof]
t/ ca ef]ln laxfg stf nfUg] < k"hf ;f]em} agf/; nfuf}“ eÌ yfnL . drflx“ Psl5g ;f]rdf 8'a]“ .
Ps dgn] eGof]– …ef]ln laxfg d'Ë]/ k'Ug'knf{ / laxfgsf] vfgf Tot} vfg'knf{ . a]n'sf k6gf k'u] eOuf] lg †Ú
csf{] dgn] eGof]– …o;/L k6gf k'Ug} b'O{ lbg nufpg] xf] eg] b; lbgdf sxf“sxf“ 3'Dg EofOPnf <Ú
k]ml/ o;f] ;f]r]“, d]/f nflu k6gf gof“ 7fp“ xf]Og . a? uof hfg'knf{ . klxn] klg hfg dg x'“bfx'“b} TolQs} ePsf]
lyof], gS;fdf x]bf{ Tolt 6f9f klg b]lv“b}g . oxf“af6 uof hfg] a; kfOPnfg\ g} .
Psl5g ;f]rljrf/ u/]kl5 d}n] eg]–“ …ef]ln uof hfg] .Ú
k"hf lxGbL ld;fP/ s/fpg yfnL– …uof < lsg uof < sf}g uof < sa uof < uof s]sf nflu k|l;4 5 / <Ú
k"hfsf k|Zgsf] jiff{nfO{ d]/f pQ/sf 5ftf t]l;{P– …c“, uof hfg] . uofdf lkt[>f4 ug{] rng 5 . uofsf]
kmfNu'gbL–lsgf/df >f4 u/]kl5 lkt[x¿ t5{g\, To;}n] Toxf“ PskN6 >f4 u/]kl5 k]ml/k]ml/ >f4 ul//xg kb{}g .Ú
…;/fb ug{ lx“8]sf xf}“ / <Ú cg'hfsf] k|Zg t]l;{of] .
…ca Tolt kljq 7fp“df k'lu;s]kl5 ;/fb t ug{}k¥of] lg †Ú
…ca of] af6fdf s]sf] ;/fb <Ú cg'hf k8\lsO{ .
…a'afsf] ;/fb . a'af / c¿ lkt[x¿sf] >f4 u/]kl5 pxf“x¿sf] :ju{df jf; x'g]5 .Ú
…k'/]t stf, 6k/L stf, et]/ stf=== . s–s;nfO{ ;/fb vfg af]nfpg] lg <Ú cg'hf 6]9fd]9f k|Zgn] xdnf ug{
yfnL .
…;Kk} kfOG5 ToxL“ . Ps 306fdf ;/fb ;lsG5 . 3/df h:tf] xf] / < clg uofdf t eujfg\ a'4n] 1fg k|fKt
u/]sf] 7fp“ klg x]g{ kfOG5 .Ú
eujfg\ a'4n] 1fg k|fKt u/]sf] 7fp“ x]g{ kfOg] eg]kl5 k"hfsf cf“vfdf gof“ t]h knfPsf] b]lvof] .
…Toxf“ k'u]kl5 xfdLn] klg 1fg kfp“5f}“ t <Ú cg'hfsf] k|Zg pleof] .
…ltdLx¿ t To;} 1fgL 5“b} 5f} lg †Ú d}n] em6f/f] xfg]“ .
;Ltf clu wf]Psf n'uf ef]ln laxfg;Dddf g;'Sg] kf] x'g\ ls eg]/ otfptf ;fl//x]sL lyOg\ . pgL xfd|f s'/Fdf
eGbf cfk\mg} sfddf dUg b]lvlGyg\ . t/ pgL xfd|f] s'/fdf sfg lbO/x]s} /lx5g\ . pgn] elgg\–
…k\mofgsf] xfjfn] ;'S5g\ t xf]nf lg===== af]wuof klg ToxL“ xf] / <Ú
…uofs} 5]pdf 5 eÌ] ;'g]sf] 5', k'Ug t d klg sxf““ k'u]sf] 5' / †Ú
Psl5gkl5 d wd{zfnfsf Pshgf sd{rf/LnfO{ e]6\g uP“ . pgn] eg]– …oxf“ ;] 6«]g ks8gf cR5f . sn ;'ax
5x ah] 6«]g 5"6]uL uof s] lno], cfknf]u p;L d]+ ;] hfOo] .Ú
14
…/]nj] :6];g oxf“af6 slt 6f9f 5 <Ú
…Psbd glhs} † a9Ldf kf“r ldg]6 nfUnf †Ú
pgsf s'/f ;'g]kl5 ef]ln laxfg s]–s;f] kg{] xf], cNdlng ;lsG5, a? clxNo} uP/ :6];g sxf“lg/ k5{ kQf
nufP/ cfpg'knf{ eÌ] ;f]r]“ . åf/kfnnfO{ d}n] 5]pd} uP/ ;f]w]“– …u]6 slt ah];Dd v'nf /xG5 <Ú
…;f9] b; ah];Dd .Ú
…d /]nj] :6];g k'u]/ cfpg'k¥of], Eofp“5' t <Ú
…EofOxfNg'x'G5 lg, t/ cln l56f] ug'{xf];\ x} †Ú
d km6fkm6 aflx/ lg:s]“ . 9f]s]n] eg]lt/ nfu]“ . b'O{ ldg]6 blIf0f lx“8]kl5 v'Nnf 7fp“ b]lvof] . /]nj] :6];g ToxL“
/x]5 .

(= lstfarflx“ glsÌf];\ x}
efunk'/df c;f]h !( ut]sf] laxfg zLtn, ;kmf / zfGt lyof] . dlg{ª jfsdf lg:s]sf dflg;, kmnk"mnk;n],
lrofk;n] cflb dfq ;Nanfpg yfn]sf lyP . /]nj] :6];gsf] b]a|]kl§ a;kfs{ /x]5 . a;kfs{ ;fg} xf] t/ lbNnL,
snsQf, k6gf cflb hfg] a;x¿ ofq' lnP/ bu'g{ tof/ k/]sf lyP . Ps v08af6 sG8S6/ s/fO/x]sf] lyof]–
…hf]uagL † hf]uagL ==============†Ú
…slt g 6f9f cfOk'luof] eg]sf] t ======† hf]uagL eg]sf] ;'Gbf t cfk\mg} ufp“sf] gfd lnPh:tf] nfUg] .Ú ;Ltf
af]lng\ . hf]uagLaf6 ;f]em} oxf“ cfPsf] eP lgs} l56f], ;:tf] / ;f]emf] kg{] /x]5 .
6«]gsf] l6s6 sf6\g] 7fp“ / Kn]6kmfd{ klg v'Nnf lyof] . uofsf nflu l6s6 sfl6;s]kl5 emf]nf e'O“df la;fP/
otfplt x]g{ xfdLnfO{ km';{t ldNof] . ef/tsf /]nj] Kn]6kmfd{df lstfasf bf]sfg x'G5g\, xfdLsxf“ a;kfs{df
/S;Llao/sf k;n ePem}“ . 6«]g cfpg cem} s]xL ;do af“sL ePsfn] lstfabf]sfgdf uP/ o;f] b'O{rf/ lstfa
kN6fP“ . /fd|f/fd|f lstfa 5g\, cfkm\gf] ofqfah]6df ltgsf nflu ;fgf] dfq /sd 5 . xfd|}lt/ kfOg] k':ts
otfaf6 lsg nfg' /, t/ xfd|flt/ ghfg] lstfasf bfd b]v]/} d t cndNn . ul/a x'g' clezfk TolQs}
elgPsf] xf]Og .
;Ltfn] elgg\– …lstfarflx“ glsÌf];\ x} † af]Sg ;ls“b}g lg † oxf“b]lv lsg rf/rf}/f; af]Sg'k¥of] t < dg
nfu]hlt pxL“ lsg] eOxfN5 lg †Ú
d]/f] ;d:ofsf] ;dfwfg lgl:sOxfNof] . …xf] t lg † oxf“b]lv af]ls/xg' lsg, kms{g] a]nfdf lsg] eOuf] lg †Ú
Ps 306f latfpg' lyof], bf]sfgcufl8 pleO{pleO{ Psb'O{j6f lstfa cf]N6fOkN6fO u/]“ . 5f]/Lx¿ otfptf
plk|m/x]sf lyP . ;Ltf emf]nf ?“u]/ a;]sL lyOg\ . dflg;x¿sf] rxnkxn a9\b} lyof], ;fob 6«]g cfOk'Ug] ;do
x'g nfu]sf] lyof] .
Pp6f k08fe]ifwf/L dflg; dlg/ cfof] . p;n] dnfO{ stf hfg] eg]/ ;f]Wof] . krf; ;fndf efunk'/ cfp“bfsf]
36gf ;De]m/ d}n] eg]“– …laxf ug{ .Ú
…tkfO{“s} <Ú
…c“, d]/} . p M a]x'nL pleO/x]sL 5g\ .Ú d}n] ;LtfnfO{ b]vfP/ eg]“ .
k08fn] s] a'‰of] s'lÌ, s]xL gaf]nL Psflt/ nfUof] . laxf/Lx¿sf] laxfnfO{ x]g{] cf“vf dnfO{ dg kb{}g .

15
krf; ;fndf oxf“sf] v} s'grflx“ wd{zfnfdf xf] d jf; a:g cfOk'u]sf] lyP“ . lah'nL sfl6P/ sf]7fdf udL{n ]
a;L;Sg' lyPg, nfdv'§] p:t} . cf“ugdf cg]s /ª¿ksf laxf/Lx¿ lyP . pgLx¿ k|fGtLo /fhgLltsf]
lx;falstfa nufO/x]sf lyP . s] u/]/ ;do s6fpg] < d klg ltgLx¿sf] ukmdf ;fd]n eP“ .
s]xL ;dokl5 c¿ la:tf/} nfvfkfvf nfu] . wd{zfnfsf] Dofg]h/ a"9f] / Pshgf cToGt wdf{Tdf b]lvg] cwa}“;]
af“sL /x] . ca ljifo cWofTd / sd{sf08lt/ df]l8of] . d klg hfgLghfgL o; ljifodf klg af]Ng yfn]“ .
wdf{Tdfsf] Wofg ddfly k¥of] . p;n] d]/f] hft, uf]q cflb ;f]Wof] .
…kj8]n eÌ] klg a|fx\d0f x'“bf /x]5g\ xlu <Ú p;n] Dofg]h/ a"9flt/ kms{]/ eGof] .
…kj8]n xf]Og kf}8]n x'“ .Ú d}n] eg]“ .
…tkfO{“sf] lax] ePsf] 5 ls 5}g <Ú
…5}g †Ú
…;f]emf afx'ggfgL † cfOGbf o;/L h;nfO{ kfof] To;nfO{ lax] gePsf] eg]/ geÌ" lg †Ú cwa}“;] wdf{Tdfn] eGof] .
…lsg / <Ú
…lsg eÌ' lg † tkfO{“sf sfgdf lk:tf]n cfpg]5 . tkfO{“nfO{ ;fnfx¿n] cfkm\gL lbbLsf] ljjfxo1df k'¥ofpg]5g\
. clg kljq r“b'jfd'lg / ;'Gb/ lk:tf]ng]/ an]sf] clUg ;fIfL /fvL tkfO{“sf] z'e ljjfx w"dwfd;“u x'g]5 .
tkfO{“sf] hLjgsxfgL gof“ 9¨n] ;'? x'g]5 .Ú
…lsg, s;/L <Ú
…k|:6} 5 lg † z'e ljjfxsf] kmf]6f] / lel8of] lvr]/ cfk"mn] nUg]5g\, tkfO{“nfO{ gof“ b'nxL lbP/ k7fpg]5g\ .Ú
…To:tf] gf6sLo lax] t ef]lnkN6} c:jLsf/ u/] eOuf] lg †Ú
wdf{Tdfn] dnfO{ 5n{¨ kfl/lbof]– …sfg'gcg';f/ lxGb" k'?ifn] bf];|f] lax] ug{ nueu c;Dej 5 . k'?ifx¿n]
hyfefjL bf];|f] lax] ug{ gkfpg\ eg]/ dlxnfsf] lxt ;f]rL lgdf{0f ul/Psf] pSt sfg'gnfO{ …;xof]uLÚx¿n] lax]
x'g g;s]sf a"9LsGo]x¿sf] ;xh p4f/ / cfkm\gf] uf]hLsf] ;'wf/sf nflu cljjflxt k'?ifx¿nfO{ ckx/0f u/L
hah{:tL o:tf ljjfxo1df a;fp“5g\ . xltof/sf ;fd' k/]sf] c;xfo o'js r'krfk clglR5t ljjfxdf af“lwG5
. hlt;'s} grfx] klg pm o; aGwgaf6 d'St x'g ;St}g . a? ToxL ljjfxnfO{ :jLsf/]/ hLjg rnfpg'df enf]
x'G5 p;sf] .Ú
…cfkm\gL 5f]/Lsf] eljiosf] lrGtf ug{] afa'cfdfn] To:tf] cfk/flws tl/sfn] klg lax] ul/lbG5g\ t <Ú
…s]6fx¿sf] sfg'gL cK7]/f] ltgnfO{ yfxf 5 . h;/L eP klg 5f]/Lsf] lax] x'g;Sof] eg] ltgnfO{ eOuf] lg †Ú
…dnfO{ t dlxgfdf To:tf tL;cf]6f hUu]df /fv] klg s]xL km/s kb{}g . s]sf] 8/ < cfk"mn] grfx]kl5 rfx]g–
rfx]g †Ú d xf“;]“ .
p;n] d]/f s'/f a'e]mg . d}n] klg p;sf s'/f a'‰g} af“sL /x]5 . dnfO{ pm ef/tLo eG7fGbf] /x]5 . d cfk" mrflx“
p;nfO{ d ef/taflx/sf] x'“ eÌ] yfxf x'g'kg{] xf] eÌ] 7fGbf] /x]5' . d g]kfnaf6 cfPsf] eg]kl5 pm lhNn k¥of] .
…dnfO{ hUu]df /fv]/ lax] ul/lbP eg] b'O{ lbg /dfP/ ot} a:5' clg lax]df kfPsf] gof“ n'uf cln d}nf] x'gf;fy
cfkm\gf 3/lt/ 6fk s:5' . s;sf] tfut dnfO{ /f]Sg] <Ú d}n] ts{ /fv]“ .
pQ/ ef/tsf] o; e]udf ljjfx eg]sf] k|]d, ddtf, ljZjf; / e/f];fsf] pT;j geP/ xf]8afhL, n]gb]g, 7uL /
if8ØGqsf] v]n x'g;S5 . bfOhf], cgd]n ljjfx / kfv08n] otfsf] ;dfh aflx/af6 x]bf{ kl/kSj, lrNnf],
lg/f]uL / ;'lsnf] b]lvP klg leqleq} s'l07t, kLl8t, /f]uL / ;ª\s6u|:t 5 .
…tkfO{“ g]kfnL x'g'x'G5 eg] t s'/} ;lsof] lg .Ú wdf{Tdfsf] /Iffsjr dnfO{ grflxg] b]lvof] . dnfO{ ef/tsf
cljjflxt o'jfx¿sf] lkmj|mL nfu]/ cfof] .

16
6«]g cfOk'Uof] . d}n] emf]nfx¿ ;dft]“ . ;Ltfn] 5f]/Lx¿sf xft klj|mg\ . ;lhn} r9Øf}“ . dflg;x¿ vrfvr
eOxfn] t/ xfdLnfO{ klg l;6 efu nfUof] . k"hf / cg'hfsf] dfq xf]Og ;Ltfsf] klg hLjgs} klxnf] /]nofqf
lyof] of] . 6«]g lx“8Øf] . efunk'/ 5f8]kl5 6«]g cToGt dgf]xf/L v]taf/L / ufp“x¿ eP/ hf“bf] /x]5 . ufp“x¿
clns ;'Svf nfUy], df6f] clns /ftf]/ftf] / v;|f] nfUg], t/ ufp“sf w]/}h;f] 3/ O“6n] ag]sf . 5fgfrflx“ st}
kSsL t st} vk8fn] ag]sf . otflt/sf 3/eGbf laNs'n leÌ} . a:tL Psbd afSnf / cJojl:yt .
v]taf/Lrflx“ /x/nfUbf, wfgv]t dlnnf / xl/of . dflg;x¿ ufp“af6 v]tlt/ nfu]sf] b[Zo bf}l8/x]sf] 6«]gaf6
x]bf{ w]/} /fd|f] nfUg] . 5f]/Lx¿ 6«]gsf] em\ofnaf6 aflx/sf] ;'Gb/ b[Zodf /dfP .
st}st} b]lvP;Dd gfËf t/ v]tsf u/fh:tf k}mnfj6 b]lvGy] . Pshgf :yfgLo ofq'n] dnfO{ ;f]Wof]–
…efO, cfk sx ;st] x} Sof+] v]t sL ox ;f/L hldg phf8 k8L x} <Ú
v]t < d t 5Ss k/]“ . To:tf] ;'Vvf / gfËf] rp/nfO{ Tof] dflg; v]t eGb} lyof] . To; dflg;n] k"hf / d
/dfp“b} ufp“, l9:sf, dlGb/ / tf8sf ¿vx¿sf ljlrqsf nx/ x]/]sf] b]v]/ xfdL gf}nf dflg; eÌ] yfxf kfP5 .
d}n] eg]“– …v]t < o:tf] v]tdf s] kmN5 / <Ú
…of] v]t cToGt pj{/ 5 . oxf“ cToGt w]/} wfg kmN5 . t/ o; jif{ uËfhLsf] af9L k;]/ ;a} afnL ;vfk
kfl/lbof] . o;/L s'g}s'g} jif{ uËfhL pn]{/ xfd|f] v]tafnL gi6 kfl5{g\ . wfg /f]Kg]lalQs} af9L k:of] eg] ;j{gfz
x'G5 . wfg /f]k]sf] b;afx« lbg;Dddf af9L cfPg eg] To; jif{ afnL cToGt /fd|f] x'G5 . pM k/sf] ufp“g]/ af6
uËfhL axlG5g\ .Ú
d}n] Wofg lbP/ x]/]“, af9Ln] st}st} vf8n kf/]h:tf] b]lvof] . o:tf gfËf v]tx¿ c¿ v]teGbf xf]rf /x]5g\ .
d}n] To; dflg;nfO{ lxGbLd} ;f]w–]“
…v]t o;/L gfËf] 5, ca ls;fgn] s] vfg] <Ú
…lrGtf 5}g . o; jif{ cln rf“8} ux'“ nufpg kfOG5 . rf“8} nufPsf] ux'“ lgs} a9L kmN5 .Ú
…To;f] eP lsg wfg nufO/xg' t <Ú
…Ps afnL / b'O{ afnL ldNb}g lg efO †Ú
Tof] dflg; ;kmf;'U3/ lyof] . 6fpsfdf skfn kftnf eP klg gl/jnsf] t]n nufP/ /fd|/L k5fl8 kmsf{P/
sf]/]sf] lyof] . v'[66\fdf Knfl:6ssf h'Qf nufPsf] To; dflg;n] ;'tLsf] ;]tf] sd]h / ;]t} wf]tL nufPsf] lyof]
.
6«]g s]xLa]/df v6v6 ub{} ;'NtfguGh k'Uof] . ;'NtfguGh eg]sf] afafwfd hfg] 7fp“ xf] . af]nad–ofqfdf x/]s
jif{ xhf/f}“ g]kfnLx¿;d]t afafwfd hfG5g\ . uËf gbLb]lv lgs} lsnf]ld6/ gfËf v'§fn] k}bnofqf ub{} uËfhn
NofP/ ;fpgsf ;f]djf/x¿df afafwfddf r9fp“5g\ / cfk"m kfkx¿af6 d'St ePsf] cg'ej u5{g\ . o;
;'NtfguGhdf ;fpgdf dfq xf]Og jif{sf] s'g} klg dlxgf / jf/df lzjhLnfO{ kfgL r9fpg ljZjel/sf
lxGb"x¿ cf]Ol/G5g\ / gfË} v'§f Toqf] nfdf] / sl7g ofqf u/L lzjhLnfO{ uËfhn r9fp“5g\ . cr]n t ;fpg]
;f]daf/df lzjhLnfO{ kfgL r9fpg] rng xfd+|f] g]kfnsf nueu ;a} lzjfnox¿df a9\bf] 5 . To;df klg
w/fgsf lk08]Zj/ dxfb]jsf] dlGb/df sf];Lsf] hn r9fpg]sf] eL8 /x/nfUbf] x'G5 . df]/ªsf] l;h'jfl:yt
ljZjgfy afafwfddf /t'jfaf6 hn NofO{ r9fpg]x¿sf] ;ª\Vof klg cToGt 7"nf] x'G5 . k"jL{ g]kfndf h:t}
dWo / klZrdL g]kfndf klg lzjfnox¿df hn r9fpg] eSthgsf] a9\bf] ;ª\Vofn] af]nad tLyf{6gsf nflu
ef/t hfg] k/Dk/fnfO{ lj:yflkt ubf{] 5 .
xfdL r9]sf] 6«]g nf]sn lyof] . Ps}l5g hf]8n] s'b\g] clg ult sd ug{ yflnxfNg] . csf{] Pp6f ;fgf] ahf/ jf
ufp“ cfp“5, 6«]g cl8OxfN5, k]ml/ bu'g{ yfN5, Ps} l5gsf nflu ult tLj| x'G5 t/ t'?Gt} xfd|f] 6«]g ult 36fpg
yflnxfN5 . ufp“x¿ cfp“5g\ / hfG5g\ . k]ml/ csf{] ufp“ cfp“5 clg hfG5 . dflg;x¿ To:tf] tftf] 3fddf klg
v]tdf sfd ul//x]sf 5g\ . 3/x¿sf leQF / 5fgfdf uf]a/ 6f“;]sf 5g\, vfgf ksfpg afNg] u'O“7f agfPsf .
ufp“x¿ afSnf 5g\ . k/Dk/fut 3/x¿df em\ofn 5}gg\ .

17
!)= slt afSn} as'Nnf a;]sf †

d klxnf] kN6 efunk'/eGbf ptfsf] ofqfdf lyP“ . Totfsf 7"N7"nf wfgv]t, cgf}7f l9:sfl9:sL / v]tsf
cfnLdf n:s/} plePsf tf8sf ¿vx¿ dnfO{ cgf}7f nflu/x]sf lyP . 6«]g v'Nnf ePsfn] d otfptf bf}8]/
aflx/sf] ljx¨d b[Zodf kf}l8/x]sf] lyP“ . lgs}a]/kl5 d ;Ltfg]/ k'u]“ . c8\tL; jif{sL ePkl5 hLjgdf cfh
klxnf] kN6 6«]g r9]sL x'gfn] pgsf] dgdf s:tf efjx¿ pTkÌ x'“b} 5g\ eÌ] hfÌ dg eof] . pgL k"hf /
dh:tf] aflx/sf] b[Zo x]b{} /dfPsf] efj zAbdf JoSt ub{} lyOgg\ . pgL dgsf sltko efj ;fj{hlgs 7fp“df
cleJoSt ug'{ c;Eotf dflG5g\ .
;LtfnfO{ d}n] ;f]w]“– …s:tf] nflu/x]sf] 5 <Ú
…v} s:tf] nfUg' / < 7Ls} nfu]sf] 5 .Ú
cfkm\gf] cg'e"lt JoSt ug{];Dd 9¨ 5}g logsf] † hLjgdf klxnf] kN6 6«]gofqf ub{} ePsL Ps :gfts g]kfnL
dlxnfn] eÌ] zAb klg o:tf x'G5g\ < pgsf] cg'xf/df s'g} k5'tf], v';L jf cfZro{sf w;f{ sf]l/Psf lyPgg\ .
;Ltf dnfO{ /x:odoL nflUbgg\, ;fwf/0f ;kgf, ;fwf/0f OR5f / ;fwf/0f ef]s .
d]/f] ufp“ O6x/fdf 3/x¿ cfk\mgf] v]tdf jf v]taf6 glhs} agfOPsf x'G5g\, d a:g] O6x/Laf6 blIf0fsf]
yf¿hfltsf a:tL Ps 7fp“df u'hd'Hh k/]sf / k/k/;Dd v'Nnf v]t cyf{t\ yf¿ efÈfdf eGbf …afbÚ k}mlnPsf
x'G5g\ . Ps} 7fp“df 3/x¿ ;fdflhs ;'/Iffsf b[li6n] 7Ls dflgg] eP klg To:t} ufp“df rf]/L8s}tLsf] lk/nf]
a9L 5 . efunk'/b]lv ptfsf 3/x¿ t xfd|f yf¿ufp“ x]/L emg\ k/k/;Dd v]t 5f8L Ps}7fp“ u'h'd'h' k/]sf .
ltgsf xf]rf 3/df g /fd|f em\ofn9f]sf 5g\, g 3/jl/kl/ ;kmf;'U3/ .
otfsf xfd|f yf¿ufp“sf] Pp6f kIf ;f/} v/fa, xfd|fx¿sf 3/ v/–k/fnn] 5fPsf x'G5g\ . 3/sf af/6f6Lx¿
klg af“;sf lemj|mf / emf/kftn] agfOG5g\ . 3/x¿ ;a}lt/ /fd|/L df6fn] lnlkPsf x'“b}gg\ . xfd|f oL ufp“df
cfunfuL eof] eg] l;ª\u} ufp“ v/fgL aG5 . t/ efunk'/] ls;fgx¿sf 3/x¿ hlt g} afSnf / cJojl:yt eP
klg 5fgf vk8fn] 5fPsf / leQF 7Ls;“u df6fn] kf]t]sf /x]5g\ . ltgsf w]/}h;f] leQf df6fn] ag]sf 5g\ .
;Sg]n] t O“6s} agfpg] u/]sf] klg b]lvof] . o;af6 tL 3/x¿df cfunfuL eOxfn] klg kL8f sd x'G5 .
o:tf] udL{ 7fp“ 5, 3/df dflg; s;/L a:tf x'g\, x'g t afgL k/]kl5 ;a} 7Ls} nfUbf] xf] . 6«]g ;fgfltgf ahf/
/ ufp“x¿, vf]nfvf]N;f, emf8L / kf]v/Ltnfp x'“b} cl3 a9Øf] . /]ndfu{ cUnf] kfg{sf nflu df6f] vlgPsf 7fp“df
kf]v/L ag]sf / To:tf kf]v/Ldf ;]tf / /ftf sdnx¿ kf]v/L 9fs]/ 9sdSs k'mn]sf lyP .
k"hfnfO{ d}n] 9sdSs k'mn]sf tL Zj]tsdn b]vfP“ . d}n] eg]–“ …sdn slt /fd|/L k'mn]sf xlu <Ú
…cfa'O{ † sdn k'mn]sf kf] < b]Vg t d}n] klg club]lv b]lv/ÚsL y]“, slt afSn} as'Nnf a;]sf eÌ] kf] 7flg/ÚsL
†Ú k"hfn] egL .
xfdL sdn k'mn]sf] b[Zodf /dfO/x]sf lyof}“ . st}st} To:tf sdnkf]v/Lsf] nDafO tLgrf/ lsnf]ld6/;Dd
x'GYof] . dflg;x¿ tL ;'Gb/ b[Zok|lt s'g} Wofg lb“b}gy] . a]nfa]nf Ps x'n dflg; crfgs cf]Ol/Gy] / l8Aaf
vrfvr x'GYof] clg csf{] :6];gdf l8Aa} vfnL .
uofglhs k|l;4 kmfNu'gbL 5 eg]/ d}n] a"9fkfsfx¿af6 ;'g]sf] lyP“ . lkt[x¿sf] p4f/sf nflu uof>f4 ug{]
eg]sf] To;} gbLdf ug{] xf] . sltv]/ kmfNu'gbL cfpg] xf] eg]/ d lrxfO/x]sf] lyP“ . cg]s ;fgf7"nf vf]nf
cfp“y], t/ kmfNu'gbL oxL x'g'k5{ eÌ] vfnsf] gbL b]lvPsf] lyPg . ;Dd v]tsf aLrdf cgf}7f l9:sfl9:sL
b]vfky{], ltgnfO{ 8f“8f egf}“ eg] xf]rf, l9:sf egf}“ eg] clns cUnf . k/ b]a|]kl§ xf]rf] kxf8 b]lvGYof] . kxf8
clgoldt lyof] . a]nfa]nf 8f“8fx¿ cln cUnf x'Gy] eg] a]nfa]nf tL 8f“8f xf]lr“b}xf]lr“b} uP/ d}bfg;“u} ldNy] .
k]ml/ csf{] 8f“8f] ;'? x'GYof] . 8f“8fx¿sf] k]mbaf6 st}st} rf}8f au/ xfdLlt/ k}mlnPsf] x'GYof] . em/Lavf{sf a]nf
aUg] vx/] vf]nfsf au/dfq lyP tL .
kmfNu'gbL ;'Svf 5 / afn'jf vf];|]/ kfgL lgsfNg'k5{ eg]/ xh'/cfdf eÌ'x'GYof] .

18
a]nfa]nf Tof] xf]rf] kxf8 cln glhs x'GYof] t a]nfa]nf lgs} k/ k'UYof] . la:tf/} l9:sfx¿sf] ;ª\Vof / ;fOh
a9\g yfNof] . ;Dd v]t x/fpg yfn], a? cln gldn]sf] e"–efu cfpg yfNof] . k/ b]lvg] kxf8 crfgs cToGt
glhs cfOk'UYof] / ;'OQ efUYof] . Ps 7fp“df t kxf8 vf]k]/ 6«]g l5g{] Kjfn agfPsf] /x]5 . xfd|f] 6«]g To;
c“Wof/f] ;'?ªleq l5¥of] . ;'?ªleq 6«]gsf] cfjfh sfg} vfg] u/L cfp“bf] /x]5 .
Pp6f clns 7"n} ahf/ cfof] . x'g t k|To]s ahf/ jf ufp“ cfOk'Ubf :6];gdf 7"nf7"nf cIf/df gfd n]lvPsf]
x'GYof] . t/ tL ;fgfltgf 7fp“sf] gfd ofb u/]/ s] ;fWo † o; ahf/sf] klg dnfO{ gfd ofb ePg, ;fob
hdfnk'/ xf] h:tf] nfU5, 6«]g lgs}a]/ cl8g] /x]5 . :6];gdf xfdL a;]sf] l8Aafaf6 b]lvg] 7fp“df Pp6L cfOdfO{
xl/of ds} kf]Nb} a]Rg a;]sL /lx5 . xl/of ds} eGof] ls cfkm\gf] t d'vdf kfgL /;fpg yflnxfN5, To;dfly
laxfgb]lv lrof;Dd gvfO{ 6«]gdf lx“8]sf xfdL, ds} b]Vtf leqsf] cfuf] aflx/} k'mTsnf eg]h:tf] eO;s]sf] lyof]
. d ;LtfnfO{ eg]/ v'q'Ss cf]n]“{ . ds} lsg]/ em\ofnaf6 ;Ltfsf] xftdf ydfP“ . af]tndf lkpg] kfgL klg
;lsg nfu]sf] /x]5 . wf/fsf] kfgL lng nfu]sf] t 6«]g lx“8\g yflnxfNof] . 6«]g xf], lx“8\b} ubf{ klg rl9xflnG5 lg
eg]/ kfgL el//x]“ . Psl5gkl5 t 6«]gn] ult klj|mxfNof] . k/]g cfkt\, bf}l8“b} uP/ cfk"m r9]sf] eGbf kl5Nnf]
l8Aafdf aNnaNn r9\g EofP“ . eL8n] emÌ} aflx/} kmflnlbof] . t/ laxf/Lx¿ dgsf/L, ;a}n] dnfO{ leq 3':g
e/;s d2t g} u/] . csf{] :6];g cfPkl5 cf]n]{/ cfk\mg} l8Aafdf 3';]“ .
lgs}a]/kl5 ca 6«]g uofglhs k'Uof] eg]/ ofq'x¿ cf–cfk\mgf ;fdfg ldnfpg, kf]sfk'Gt'/f xftdf lng yfn] .
lgbfPsf / p“£b} u/]sf ofq'x¿ hfuf eP . Pp6f vf]nf] cfof] . k'n klg 7"n} lyof] . 5]pdf a;]sf] cwa}“;] laxf/L
d;“u af]n'“nf e}“m ub{} lyof] . d}n] ;f]w–]“
…efO{hL, kmfNu' gbL =====Ú
jfSo g6'ª\lu“b} To;n] eGof]– …gxL“, kmfNu' gbL s'5 cfu] x}+ . jx tf] O; ;] a8L x} . kmfNu' gbL kf/ s/t] xL
xd uof kx'“rt] x} . cfk sxf“ ;] cfP x}+ <Ú
…g]kfnaf6 .Ú
…g]kfnaf6 <Ú
…xh'/ xfdL g]kfnaf6 cfPsf== .Ú
…g]kfn dxfg\ b]z xf] . g]kfnsf dflg; wdf{Tdf x'G5g\ . g]kfnsf ;f/f dflg; oxf“ lkt[tf/0fsf nflu cfp“5g\ .
tkfO{“{ ;kl/jf/ x'g'x'G5, ;/fbs} nflu t cfpg'ePsf] xf]nf †Ú To; laxf/Ln] dnfO{ ;kl/jf/ uoflt/ cfPsf]
club]lv g} Wofgk"j{s x]l//x]sf] x'g'k5{ .
…xfdL t ljz'4 ko{6gsf nflu cfPsf xf}“ . uofsf] ;x/ x]g{ / 3'Dg;“u dtna 5 .Ú clns nfd} ofqfdf
lg:s]sf eÌ] s'/f eGbf ofq'sf] e]ifsf rf]/8f“sfn] yfxf kfpg ;Sg] vt/f x'GYof] .
…tkfO{“ lxGb" x}g / < a|fx\d0f jf 5]qLh:tf] b]lvg'x'G5 t †Ú
…d a|fx\d0f hfltsf] x'“ .Ú
…x/ lxGb" sf] oxf“ cfs/ lkt[ u0f sf p4f/ s/gf rflxo] . >f4 s] lno] uof ;jf{]Qd x}+ . b]ju0f eL oxL“ cfs/
>f4 s/t] x}+ . cfk hf] p2]Zo ;] eL cfo], ca lkt[ >f4 s/gf xL cR5f x} . nf]u sxf“ sxf“ ;] xhf/f]“ vrf{
s/s] >f4 s] lno] oxf“ cft] x}, cfk tf] ptg] b"/ ;] cf xL kx'“r] x}+, lkm/ df}sf ldn]uf of gxL“, ;kl/jf/ cft]
jSt >f4 s/s] xL hfOPuf .Ú
…clxn] lkt[>f4 ug{] eÌ] ljifodf s'g} ;f]rfO 5}g . d t 5'§L dgfpg eg]/ ;kl/jf/ lx“8]sf] . ev{/} ;f]x«>f4
;lsPsf] 5, of] >f4 ug{] ;do klg xf]Og . >f4 ug{ t ltlykj{ klg x]g'{k¥of] lg †Ú
Tof] dflg; k08f /x]5 . k08fx¿ uof>f4 ug{ cfpg] dflg;x¿nfO{ af6}b]lv ;dft]/ cfk\mgf ohdfg agfpg
vf]Hbf /x]5g\ . p;n] uofdf lkt[>f4 ug{ s'g} ltlyldlt rflx“b}g eGof] . pm d]/f] y/, uf]q, k|j/ cflb ljj/0f
;f]Wg yfNof] . p;n] cfk"m ljåfg\ kl08t ePsf] bfaL ug{ yfNof] / d]/f nflu Ps ck"j{ cj;/ h'6]sfn] dnfO{
efUodfgL dflg; eÌ yfNof] .

19
ddf k08fx¿k|lt cljZjf;, eo / c>4fdfq af“sL 5 . ef/tsf] tLy{ofqf ug{]x¿n] k08fk'/f0f nufP/ ddf
ltgLx¿k|lt ;Dk"0f{ cgf:yf el/lbPsf 5g\ . To;n] dnfO{ cg]s lsl;dn] kmsfpg vf]Hof], d}n] >f4 ub{} ulb{g“
eg]kl5 afa'cfdfk|lt s[t£g, b'i6, gfdb{, cwdL{ cflb eÌ / wDSofpg kf] yfNof] .
p;;“usf] ts{ljts{ d]/f nflu Ps k|sf/sf] a'l4ljnf; x'g] b]lvof] . d}n] k|ltjfb u/]“– …d}n] d]/f dftflktfsf]
oyfzSo ;]jf u/]sf] 5' . pxf“x¿n] vfgkfg, pkrf/, bfgk'0o, tLy{j|t / e|d0f d]/f] x}l;otcg';f/ ug{
kfO/xg'ePsf] 5 . d]/f lkt[x¿sf] t/gtf/gsf nflu g]kfnd} lji0f'kfb'sf elgg] kljq tLy{ 5 h'g uofeGbf
7"nf] xf] . uofsf nf]eL, gLr / sfdL ckfqsf] ;xfotfn] s;}sf lkt[ tg{ ;St}gg\ . dnfO{ oxf“ tkfO{“sf] s'g}
k|sf/sf] ;xfotf rflx“b}g . uofsf ;'kfq a|fx\d0f ;8sdf e]l6“b}gg\ .Ú
uofsf] :6];g cfOk'Uof] . :6];gdf /]nuf8L /f]lsPkl5 xfdL cfk\mgf kf]sfk'Gt'/f af]s]/ la:tf/} cf]n{g yfNof}“ .
d;“u ts{ljts{ ug{] k08f klg xfdL;“u;“u} cf]ln{of] . pm Psl5g ;“u} lx“8g\ vf]Hof] . d}n] eg]“–
…kl08thL, d}“g] oxf“ cfg] sf ckgf p2]Zo ;fkm;fkm sx r'sf x"“ . d}+ cfk;] lagtL s/tf x"“, xdf/f lk5f
5f]l8o] .Ú
daf6 dfn k'ml:sg] b]v]g ;fob, dnfO{ tyfgfd ufnL ub{} / ;/fKt} pm Psflt/ nfUof] . xfd|f afx'gx¿sf] nf]e
g} ;dfhsf cg]s ljs[ltsf] d"n xf] eÌ] dnfO{ nfU5 .
aNnaNn Pp6f sfp;f] x6]sf] lyof] . uofdf sltj6f To:tf sfp;f vlgg] x'g\ eÌ] lrGtf klg nfUg yfn]sf]
lyof] . xfdL :6];gaflx/ lg:Sof}“ . uofsf] /]nj] :6];g cToGt e2f, s'¿k / cJojl:yt lyof] . :6];gsf]
pQ/k"j{kl§ xn];L dlGb/g]/sf] l9:sf];“u 7ØfSs ldNg] Pp6f lgs} cUnf] l9:sf] b]lvGYof] . To; l9:sfdf Pp6f
;:ofgf] dlGb/h:tf] ejg lyof] . 6«]gaf6 ev{/ cf]n]{sf ofq'x¿nfO{ kv{]/ a;]sf l/S;fjfnf / 6]Dkf]jfnfx¿
lrRofO/x]sf lyP . l/S;f / 6]Dkf]sf cnucnu :6]G8 lyP, cf–cfk\mgf :6]G8df l/S;f / 6]Dkf]x¿sf] Psk||sf/sf]
/ldtfnfUbf] d]nf g} lyof] . xfdL5]p klg y'k|} l/S;frfns / 6]Dkf]jfnfx¿ cfP–
…afa"hL, cfksf] sxf“ hfgf x} =========<Ú
…cfksf] …cf6f]Ú rflxP =======================<Ú
…l/S;f rflxP cfksf] =======================<Ú
xfdL …gxL+, s'5 eL gxL+ rflxPÚ eGb} la:tf/} :6];gg]/sf] ahf/lt/ nfUg yfNof}“ . lbgsf] o:t} afx«–;f9] afx«
ah]sf] x'“bf] xf] d]/f hGt/] sfsfsf zAbdf xfd|f …cfGb|f–k|b]zdf cfGbf]ngÚ e8\lsO;s]sf] lyof] . clnslt xl/of]
ds} k/]sf] dfq g xf], gq t laxfgb]lv nueu lg/fxf/ j|t a;]sf lyof}“ .
:6];gcufl8 km/flsnf] 7fp“ 5 . …Pp6f ;'Gb/ k"mnaf/L / kfs{ /x]5, ;'Gb/ klx/gdf l;“ufl/Psf ;xl/ofx¿ xfjf
vfg la:tf/} otfptf 8'ln/x]sf lyPÚ eÌ nfos 7fp“ agfpg'kg{]df dfG5]n] s'a'l4 lnPkl5 s;sf] s] nfU5 <
;8s / jl/kl/sf] ;a} v'Nnf 7fp“df lb;fsf kxf8 / lk;fasf kf]v/L 5g\ . To:t/L lb;flk;fa ug{ s;/L
;s]sf xf]nfg\ † xfd|f] ef/tLo pkdxfåLksf] c;Eotfsf] gd'gf x]g{ 6f9f k'lu/xg} kb{}g .
xfdL blIf0f Pl;ofnLx¿ d}n] k9];'g]sf ljj/0fcg';f/ cljsl;t, ul/a / clzlIft t 5“b} 5f}“, ljZjs} Ps
gDa/ kmf]xf]/L, n'Rrf, 7u, e|i6frf/L, cN5L, sfdrf]/, cGwljZjf;L, dgf]/f]uL / kfkL 5f}“ . uofsf] /]nj]–
:6];gcufl8 dnd"q hyfefjL lj;h{g ul/Psf] b]Vbf dnfO{ cfk}“mk|lt 7"nf] bof nfu]/ cfof] . s7}a/f xfdL †
xfdLnfO{ of] b'u{Gw, kmf]xf]/, cJoj:yf / nfk/afxL :jLsf/ 5 . o; g/ssf lgdf{tf / ef]Stf xfdL g} xf}“ . of]
xfd|f] hLjgz}nL xf], xfd|f] klxrfg xf] . laxf/ ;DkÌ, ;kmf, ;'Gb/ eP ;a}nfO{ To;n] k|]/0ff lbGYof], To;sf]
k|ToIf kmfObf xfdL g]kfnLn] kfp“Yof}“ . ef/t kmf]xf]/, /f]uL, ef]sf] / rf]/j[lQsf] x'“bf xfdLnfO{ klg plQs} sl7gfO
k5{ . g]kfnLsf] b'ef{Uo eÌ'k5{ xfd|f] blIf0fL ;Ldfdf pQ/ k|b]z / laxf/h:tf ef/tLo /fHo kb{5g\ .
ef/tsf] laxf/ g]kfnsf ck/fwLx¿ n'Sg] 7fp“ xf] eg] ef/tdf ck/fw u/]/ xfd|f] t/fO{df ;'/lIft eP/
n'ls/x]sf ck/fwLx¿ dgUu] xf]nfg\ . g]kfndf kfgL kbf{ laxf/df af9L cfpg] dfq xf]Og, g]kfnsf] pÌltn]
ef/tnfO{ klg kmfOb} 5 eÌ] dfd'nL 1fg ghfÌ]x¿ g} ef/tsf] zf;gdf xfnLd'xfnL rnfP/ a;]sf x'gfn] g}
g]kfnsf] lj?4 if8ØGq u/]/ cfk\mgf] b'gf] ;f]em\ofpg oL ;j{bf k|oTgzLn 5g\ . To;}n] klg xf]nf g]kfn;“u
hf]l8Psf efux¿df ef/tsf] ef}lts ljsf;sf] ult cToGt dGb 5 .

20
d eGb} lyP“ of] b'u{Gw, of] kmf]xf]/, of] cJoj:yf xfdL xf“;Lxf“;L :jLsf/ ul//x]sf 5f}“ . xfdL o; gs{df
/fhLv';Ln] a;]sf 5f}“ . ;/;kmfO, ;'Joj:yf / pHofnf] rflxg] ePsf] eP of] cj:yf cfpg ;Sg] g} lyPg .
uofsf] :6];gg]/sf] gs{s'08df a:g kfp“bf dnfO{ c¿yf]s s]xL rflx“b}g eg]/ xfdL ;w}“ lglZrGt b]lvG5f}“ .
xfd|f lkt[ tg{]tfg{] o; …kljqÚ 7fp“ uofdf b]jnf]saf6 b]jLb]jtfx¿ cfO{ lkt[>f4 ub{5g\ †
xfd|f] ho xf];\ † xfd|f b]jtfx¿sf] klg ho xf];\ †
uofsf] :6];gsf] cfnf] tyf af;L kmf]xf]/ s'Nr“b}, gf£b} / xfd|} c;EotfnfO{ ;/fKt} cl3 a9Øf}“ . :6];gaflx/
kmf]xf]/ / l3gnfUbf xf]6nx¿ lyP . ltgsf cufl8kl§sf] v'nf 9n uGxfP/ a:g;Dd g;lsg] lyof] . t/
dflg;x¿ ToxL kmf]xf]/g]/ eft, bfn–t/sf/L jf ;'Vvf /f]6L ykLykL vfO/x]sf lyP . ltgLx¿dWo]sf] clns
;kmfh:tf] nfUg] Pp6f xf]6ndf xfd|f] ;fgf] ofq'6f]nL k:of] . ef]sn] cfGb|fdf 5'QL v]Ng yfn]kl5 To:t}df klg
vfg ;lsg] /x]5 †
xf]6nx¿sf] vfgf xfd|f] g]kfnsf] x]/L cfwf ;:tf] . sf7df8f}“ hf“bf–cfp“bf d'lUng, /fdgu/, rGb|lgufxk'/,
nfxfg, 9Ns]a/, x]6f}“8f, nfnaGbL, abL{af; cflb 7fp“df /fhdfu{sf 5]psf xf]6nx¿df vf“bfsf] x]/L t Ps
rf}yfO . tL xf]6n / oL xf]6n ;/;kmfO, vfgfsf] :t/, kmlg{r/ cflb s'/fdf vf;} km/s xf]Og t/ xf]6ndflns
/ ltgsf sd{rf/Lsf] af]nLjrg / Jojxf/ cfsfz–kftfn km/s 5g\ . oL ef/tLox¿nfO{ u|fxs;“u s;/L
af]Ng'k5{, s;/L eP;Dd ;'ljwf lbP/ u|fxsnfO{ ;Gt'i6 kfg'{k5{ eÌ] yfxf 5 . cfk\mgf] xf]6ndf gePsf
vfg]s'/fsf] dfu ePdf c¿ xf]6nlt/ 5 eg] vf]h]/ NofOlbg], w]/}a]/ u|fxs cfk\mg} xf]6ndf al;b]cf];\ eÌ],
u|fxssf ?lr a'em\g ;Stf] k|of; ug{], u|fxssf dfn;fdfgsf] ;'/Iff ug{] cflb snf oL ef/tLox¿af6
g]kfnLx¿n] slxn] l;Sg] <
g]kfnaf6 hLjgdf klxnf] kN6 cfPsf] / ;DejtM k]ml/ slxNo} gcfpg] xf] eÌ] a'emLa'emL klg ltgn] xfdLnfO{
h:tf] Jojxf/ u/] To;af6 ef/tLox¿sf] Jofkf/rft'o{sf] k|z+;f ug{ dg nfU5 .

!!= ox eL sf]O{ ;x/ x} <

:6];gcufl8sf] To; xf]6ndf vfglkg ul/;s]/ xfd|f] ofq'bn km]l/ ;8sdf lg:Sof] . kmfNu'gbL ot} k5{ xf]nf,
km]l/ df]/f 7u k08fx¿sf k]mnf kl/g] xf] ls eÌ] 8/ dgdf ePsfn] bn s;}nfO{ g;f]wL cg'dfgsf] e/df
pQ/lt/ nfUof] . Tof] uNnL cln cufl8 k'u]kl5 t sd rNtLsf] / lb;flk;fa ug{] ynf] aGb} uPsf] kf] /x]5 †
k'gM kms{]/ clusf] xf]6ndf cfpg'k¥of] . xf]6njfnfnfO{ uofdf 3'Dg}kg{] dxŒjk"0f{ 7fp“ s]s] 5g\ eg]/ ;f]w]“ .
p;n] eGof]–
…efO;fxa † uof ax't a8f zx/ x} . oxf“ b]vg] nfos sO{ hux x}+ . cfk bf] tLg lbg 7x/s/ ;a b]vs/ xL
hfOPuf .Ú
…gxL+ hL, xdnf]u sf] sn b; ah] xL oxf“ ;] /jfgf xf]gf x} . O;lno] ;a ;] dxŒjk"0f{ :yfg xL b]v kfP“u]=====.Ú
…tf] P];f sLlho]=== . oxf“ af]wuof x} . s'5 kGb|x aL; lsnf]ld6/ b"/ x} . cfk af]wuof cjZo hfOo] . kmfNu'
gbL k/ sn ;a]/] lkt[>f4 s/gf cR5f xf]uf, lji0f'kb dlGb/ x}, jx bz{gLo x} . oxf“ duw ljZjljBfno,
ljZjk|l;4 ;ª\u|xfno cf}/ ceLceL agf x'cf xjfO{ c8\8f eL b]vg] nfos x} .Ú
olt t cjZo 3'Dg EofOPnf eÌ] b]lvof] . xf]6njfnfsf] ;Nnfx dfÌ' 7Ls x'GYof] .
…/ft sxf“ latfpg' 7Ls xf]nf <Ú
p;n] eGof]– …ox uof x}, cfk hxf“ eL 7x/ ;st] x}+ . cfk ls;L eL xf]6n nfh k/ /x ;st] x}+ .Ú
…xd nf]u ls;L wd{zfnf d]+ 7x/gf rfxtf x}+ .Ú xfd|f] b'Anf] y}nL xfdLnfO{ s'g} xf]6n jf …nfhÚdf ;se/ ga:g
;'emfj lbGYof] .

21
xf]6njfnfn] Toxf“ ePsf s]xL dflg;x¿;“u ;f]wk'5 u¥of] . cGTodf p;n] xfdLnfO{ 6]sf/L–/f]8l:yt k'/fgL
uf]bfdg]/sf] /fdrGb|afa" wd{zfnfdf jf; a:g' pko'St xf]nf eGof] .
xfdL Pp6f l/S;f kj|m]/ 6]sf/L/f]8l:yt /fdrGb|afa" wd{zfnflt/ nfUof}“ . d}n] l/S;fjfnfnfO{ ;f]w]“–
…efOhL, uof d]+ b]vg] nfos hux sf}g sf}g x} <Ú
…ox eL sf]O{ zx/ x} < O;d]+ b]vg] nfos hux sf]O{ eL gxL+ x} . b]vg] s] lno] tf] aDaO{, snsQF j lbNnL
hfgf rflxo] . cfk sxf“ ;] cf /x] x}+ <Ú
…xfdL g]kfnaf6 uofsf] e|d0fsf nflu cfPsf . ef]ln laxfg;Dd oxf“ cl8g] ePsf 5f}“ . uofsf 3'Dgnfos s'g}
wfld{s, cf}Bf]lus jf k|fs[lts :yfgsf af/]df eÌ'xf];\ g .Ú
p;n] klg lji0f'kb, kmfNu'gbL, af]wuof, cjw ljZjljBfno / xjfO{ c8\8fs} gfd lnof] .
xfdL wd{zfnf k'Uof}“ . of] 7fp“ /]nj] :6];gaf6 Tolt 6f9f 5}g . t/ wd{zfnf clns k'/fgf] /x]5 . sf]7fx¿
7"nf7"nf g} 5g\ . ;/;kmfO /fd|f], rkL{ / kfgLsf] k|aGw ;d'lrt g} 5 clg zfGt klg . g'xfOw'jfO ug]{ / n'uf
;'sfpg] 7fp“ klg kof{Kt /x]5 t/ glhs} vfglkgsf nflu xf]6n 5}g . ljz]if rf8af8sf a]nf rflx“ eL8ef8
x'g] ePsfn] of] 7fp“ jf; a:g c;lhnf] x'g] b]lvG5 . xfdLn] sf]7f / a]l8ª;d]t dfu u¥of}“ . wd{zfnf cGoq
x]/L ;:tf] g} dfÌ'k5{ of] .
o; :yfgnfO{ k'/fgL uf]bfd eGbf /x]5g\ . oxf“sf nueu ;a} 3/ kf“r–;fttn] dfq lyP . 3/sf w]/}h;f] tnf
cg]s vfnsf ;fdfgsf uf]bfd /x]5g\ . uof ;x/ o; v08af6 x]g{] xf] eg] uf]bfd}uf]bfdsf] p/f7nfUbf]
;x/h:tf] nfUg] . htf lx“8] klg uf]bfd}uf]bfd dfq b]lvg] . dflg;sf] ;ª\Vof cToGt sd, 3/ klg lgs} k'/fgf .
cfsfz 5'g] 8/nfUbf 3/x¿ eP klg dflg; / 7"nf ;jf/L ;fwg b]Vg gkfOg], kmf§k'm§ df]6/;fOsn / ;fdfg
cf];f/k;f/ ug{] 7]nfuf8f, 6«s / 6«ofS6/ dfq . st} r'g}r'gsf uf]bfd dfq ePsf t st} n;'g}n;'gsf uf]bfd
dfq ePsf uNnL .

!@= dfO{ xf]d Oh e]/L kmf/ k|md lxo ===†

xfdLn] cl3 vfgf vf“b} ubf{ af]wuof hfg s;/L sxf“af6 hfg'kg{] xf] eg]/ xf]6njfnfaf6 hfgsf/L lnPsf lyof}“
. l/S;f / 6]Dkf]df nfUg] ef8f;d]t a'em]sf lyof}“ . a]n}df hfgsf/L lnO/fv]g eg] laxf/df l/S;fjfnfx¿n]
dhfn] 7Ug ;S5g\ . l/S;f ;dft]/ lbU3Ltfnfa eÌ] 7fp“;Dd hfg'kg{] / Toxf“af6 6]Dkf] r9\g kfOg] /x]5 .
k'/fgL uf]bfdaf6 lbU3Ltfnfa k'Ug l/S;fsf] ofqf nfdf] / lbSsnfUbf] /x]5 . ;x/sf ;f“u'/f uNnLkl5 uNnL ub{}
clg eL8ef8af6 l5/fp“b} l/S;fn] laxf/sf cJojl:yt vfN6fv'N6L k/]sf ;8s};8s nf“bf] /x]5 .
vfN6fv'N6Laf6 tsf{pg vf]Hbf l/S;fn] ;f]emf] ;8sd} 3'dfP/ / x'ŒofP/ lbSs nufpg] . laxf/df l/S;fef8f
;:tf] 5, t/ l/S;fef8f to u/]/ dfq r9\g'k5{ gq ltgLx¿n] g/fd|/L 9f8 ;]Sg] u5{g\ .
l/S;frfnssf cg'';f/ lbU3Ltfnfa uofsf] lgs} dxŒjk"0f{ rf}af6f] xf] . ;x/sf k|d'v ;/sf/L / Jofkfl/s
sfof{nox¿ o; If]qdf 5g\ . oxf“af6 6]Dkf] r9]kl5 lgs}a]/ 6]Dkf] ;x/sf ;f“u'/f uNnLuNnL eP/ blIf0flt/
nfUbf] /x]5 . lgs}a]/kl5 ;x/ kftlng yfNof] . aflx/sf] efu xfd|f] w/fgh:tf] t/ pQ/lt/ kfgL9nf] /x]5 .
6]Dkf]df eL8 ePsfn] xf]nf of] ofqf lgs} nfdf] nfUof] . ;8s kmfNu'gbLsf] lsgf/}lsgf/ blIf0flt/ psfnf] nfUbf]
/x]5 . kmfNu'gbL gfddfqsf] gbL /x]5 . au/dfq ePsfn] df]/ªsf] lr;fªh:tf] 5 of], t/ au/sf] afn'jfrflx“
clns /ftf]k'm;|f] . af]wuof k'Ug'cufj} xfd|f lktfk'vf{n] lkt[>f4 ug{ hfg] u/]sf] 7fp“lt/ hfg] af6f] / k'n b]vf
k¥of] .
af]wuof hLjgdf PskN6 hfg}kg{] 7fp“ xf] . cToGt cfsif{s . dflg;n] lgdf{0f u/]sf] :ju{ g} xf] of] 7fp“ . oxf“
eujfg\ a'4n] tk:of u/]sf] kLkn / To;;“u ;DalGwt dlGb/, kf]v/L / kfs{x¿ cToGt ;'Gb/ 5g\ . ljZjsf
x/]s s'gfaf6 ko{6sx¿ n'lDagLdf em}“ o; :yfgsf] bz{g ug{ cfO/x“bf /x]5g\ . lrlgof“, yfO{ / hfkfgLx¿sf]
t eL8ef8 g} x'“bf] /x]5 . xfdL w]/} ;do / dg nufP/ jl/kl/ 3'Dof}“ . af]lwj[Ifg]/ s]xL ko{6s;“u cª\u]|hLdf
s'/fsfgL klg ug{ EofOof] . s]xL yfO{x¿ xfdLl;t s'/f ug{ kfp“bf lgs} pT;flxt lyP .

22
Pp6L yfO{ o'jtL k"hf;“u af]nL . k"hfnfO{ p;n] ;f]wL– …o' cf/ k|md OlG8of =======<Ú
k"hfn] t'?Gt elgxfnL– …gf], jL cf/ k|md g]kfn . dfO{ xf]d Oh e]/L kmf/ k|md lxo=== †Ú
k"hf / Tof] s]6L s]xL a]/;Dd s'/fsfgL ul//x]sf lyP .
;Ltfn] af]lwj[Ifd'lg k'u]kl5 elgg\– …of] e"ld :ju{ /x]5 . x]gf{];\ g, slt ;kmf;'U3/ 5 † dnfO{ t oxL“ leIf'0fL
eP/ a:g kfP x'GYof] h:tf] kf] nfUb} 5 .Ú
…ltdL leIf'0fL ePkl5 d]/f] s] ult xf]nf lg †Ú
…tkfO{“n] t csf{] aGbf]a:t ug'{xf]nf g}, t/ 5f]/Lx¿sf] kf] lahf]s x'G5 xf]nf .Ú
…5f]/Lx¿ t x'ls{“b} hfG5g\, pgLx¿ otfptf x]5{g\, v]N5g\, 8'N5g\ / gof“ ;+;f/lt/} /dfp“5g\ . d kf] ;w}“sf
nflu PSnf] x'g]5' t †Ú
…Tof] t xf] . t/ klg Pp6f sNkgf=========== .Ú
…dnfO{ t sNkgfb]lv klg 8/ nfU5 ======Ú d}n] eg]“ .
…To;f] eP xfdL b'j} leIf'leIf'0fL eP/ a;f}“ g t o;} :ju{df †Ú
…=======================Ú
d]/f cf“vf k/ plePsf yfO{ o'jtLx¿sf gf¨f / lrNnf lk“8'nflt/ ljr/0f ug{ yfn] . ldgL:s6{n] tL yfO{x¿sf
cfwf klg …yfO{Ú 5f]k]sf lyPgg\ . dnfO{ cw{gUgtf cToGt dg k5{ . cfkm\gf] z/L/n] s;}nfO{ gf]S;fg gu/L
xhf/f}“ cf“vf / x[bonfO{ ;Grf];'la:tf af“8\g ;S5 eg] lsg 9fSg] < d ;Eotfsf] cy{} a'l‰bg“ . dnfO{ xfd|f]
sf7df8f}“sf t?gf–t?gLx¿k|lt dfof nfu]/ cfp“5, ltgLx¿n] tL x]l//x'“ nfUbf cg'xf/ ;'“u'/sf] y't'gf]h:tf] kf/]/
df:s nufP/ 5f]Kg'k5{, b'u{GwL / lavfn' w"jf“af6 aRg . lar/fx¿ †
t/ ltgLx¿n] ;f; tfÌ'gkg{] t/ Wofg tfÌ sfdnfUg] c¨nfO{ clns v'nf /fv]/ To;sf] Ifltk"lt{ ul/xfN5g\ .
af7f 5g\ lg † ;x/sf cw{gUg t?gLx¿nfO{ d]/f] yk cg'/f]w– cfkm\gf vtgf{s oGqsf] k|of]u u/]/ l;ª\u}
;x/nfO{ cGwf agfcf], nf6f] kf/ / cfkm\gf] kfpdf v;fn . ;St}gf} eg]] oxf“ af]wuofdf cfcf] / leIf'0fL eP/
a; †
af]wuofsf] kLknsf] ¿vnfO{ 9Ng glbg ljz]if lsl;dsf kmnfd] 6]sfx¿ /flvPsf /x]5g\ . cg]s b]zsf
bz{gfyL{ / eStx¿ 3'dL3'dL kmf]6f] lvRg], k|jrg ;'Ì], dGqf]Rrf/0f / ehg ug{], dlGb/jl/kl/ ;fi6fË k|0ffd ub{}
3'ld/xg] cflb cg]s vfnsf lj|mofsnfkx¿ ul//x]sf lyP . Wofg ul//x]sf ;of}“ af}4dfuL{x¿;“u} a;]/
rf/}hgfn] s]xLa]/ Wofg u¥of}“ . xfdL ;'Gb/tfsf] cg'kd ;x/ To; af]wuofsf cg]s u'Daf, dlGb/ / :df/sx¿
x]/]/ /dfPsf] /dfo} eO/x\of}“ . d'Vo dlGb/sf] hL0ff]{4f/ eO/x]sf] /x]5 . dlGb/sf] 6'Kkfdf sfd ul//x]sf]
dflg;nfO{ x]bf{ dfly cfsfzsf] r/f]em“} ;fgf] b]lvGYof] . jl/kl/sf] e"ld l8nh:tf] / dlGb/ /x]sf] hldg lgs}
xf]rf] 5 . l8naf6 tn dlGb/jl/kl/ cg]s 9Ën] p7\t} / a:t} clg ;'Q} eujfg\k|lt elSt k|s6 ul//x]sf
dflg;x¿sf] ultljlw x]g{ /dfOnf] nfUg] .
To;kl5 xfd|f] 6f]nL gfukf]v/Llt/ nfUof] . ;kmf kf]v/Ldf 7"nf7"nf /ËLrËL df5fx¿ /x]5g\ . e'hf cyf{t\ wfgsf]
d'/xL vfgsf nflu df5fsf] eL8ef8 /dfOnf] nfUg] .
af]lwj[Ifsf] pQ/kl§ xfd|f] e[s'6Ld08ksf] xªsªahf/h:t} vfnsf] t/ lgs} ;fgf] / Jojl:yt ahf/ /x]5 .
vfglkgsf nflu /]:6'/f“ / lrofk;nx¿ klg /x]5g\ . af]wuof ;Demfpg] kf]:6sf8{x¿, laxf/sf af}4wd{;DaGwL
:ynx¿sf] kl/ro lbg] kf]:6sf8{, lel8of] ;L8L / c¿ Psb'O{ ;fdfg lsGof}“ . af]wuof ;a}lt/ /fd|/L x]g{] xf]
eg] sDtLdf k"/f Ps lbg nfUg] /x]5 eÌ] a'leof] . ljleÌ b]zsf af}4dfuL{x¿sf ljzfn af}4dlGb/, :df/s /
kfs{x¿ x]g{ s]xL 306fn] s] k'UYof] †
————————————————————————————————————————

23
lxGb" wd{sf] ;a}eGbf l3gnfUbf] ¿k x]g{ uof>f4:yn guO{ gx'g] /x]5 . 7u b'i6x¿ s]sf] lkt[ tfg{ a;]sf x'Gy],
dflg;x¿sf] uf]hL 6S6Sofpg] h'sf g x'g\ † k08fx¿;“u t d]/f] egfeg g} eof] . d}n] t elglbP“–
…s'kfqaf6 ul/Psf] sfd lgikmn x'G5, s'kfqnfO{ ul/Psf] bfg gfz xf] . ltdLx¿ s'kfq /x]5f}, d uof 5 oxf“
eg]/ cfPsf], uof t plxNo} gs{s'08 alg;s]sf] /x]5, of] t plxNo}b]lv cwdL{ / gLrx¿sf] k]6kfnf] ug{],
7uLvfg], dfuLvfg] ef“8f]afx]s s]xL nfUg] /x]g5 . o:tf ckljq :yfgdf lkt[>f4 u/]“ eg] af dnfO{ kfk} kf]
nfUg] xf] ls †Ú
;Ltfn] lxGb" / af}4 tLy{:ynsf aLr t'ngf ul/g\ . dg} lrl/P/ cfof] . dnfO{ o;cl3 xfd|f] wd{ olt ljs[t,
;8]un]sf], e|i6 / ktgf]Gd'v eO;s]sf] 5 eÌ] nfu]sf] lyPg .
a]n'sLkv ePsfn] w]/}h;f] k08fx¿ k'm;{t} /x]5g\ . w]/} df]ndf]nfO u/]kl5 aNnaNn Pp6f k08f >f4 ug{ tof/
eof] . uofdf >f4 ug{ s'g} ltlyldlt, jf/, ;do s]xL ljrf/ ug'{ gkg{] /x]5 . hxf“ h;n] h;/L hltv]/ u/]
klg x'g] . k08fx¿nfO{ skfnd'08g u/]kl5 dfq ug'{knf{ eg]sf] t p;n] elgxfNof]– …skfn d'08g sf dtna
zf/Ll/s z'l4 dfq x} . cfTdz'l4 zf/Ll/s z'l4 ;] sO{ a8f x} . au}/ cfTdz'l4 sf]O{ eL ptgL b"/ ;] oxf“ k'0o
sfo{ x]t' gxL+ cft] .Ú
s'g}s'g} k08fx¿ cToGt gd|tfk"j{s af]Ny] . hhdfgsf uf]hL 6S6Sofpg oL cToGt l;kfn' /x]5g\ . slt k08f
ohdfgsf] vf]hLdf l;lnu'8L, cf;fd / g]kfnsf ufp“ufp“;Dd k'U5g\ c/] . logLx¿nfO{ g]kfnsf leqL ufp“sf]
;d]t hfgsf/L x'“bf] /x]5 . sltkon] t xfd|f] lt/sf ufp“sf k'/fgf 7"nfa8f / ;fx'dxfhgsf] gfd klg hfg]sf
x'“bf /x]5g\ . clg sltkon] t ohdfgx¿nfO{ bfg ug{ cfjZos /sd ;fk6L jf l/g klg lbg] /x]5g\ .
tf]lsPsf] ;dodf 3/–7]ufgfdf cfkm}“ cfP/ ;f] /sd a'em\bf /x]5g\ .

d}n] laxfgsf] ef]hg ul/;s]sf] 5' eg]“ . k08fn] ;kmfO lbOxfNof] . …oxf“ cfs/ cfk g] hf] vfof jx lkt[k|;fb x}
. cfk g] hLjg d]+ a8f k'0o sd{ lsof x}, kmn :j¿k cfh cfk oxf“ cf ;s] . ;a]/] vfg] ;] zfd d]+ >f4 s/g]
d]+ sf]O{ afwf gxL+ .Ú
oxf“ >f4 ug'{cufl8 k'gMk'gMdf >f4 ug'{kg{] lyof] /x]5 . Tof] yfxf ePg . k08fnfO{ d}n] eg]“– …k'gMk'gMdf >f4
gu/L cfOof], >f4 ug{ gldNg] g} b]lvof] .Ú
k08fn] eGof]– …cxf] † of] kf] d'l:snsf] ljifo k¥of] t † ca s;f] ug{] xf] < k'gMk'gMdf >f4 ug{}kYof]{ . t/ lkmj|mL
glngf];\, d Tof] >f4 oxL“ ul/lbOxfN5' lg †Ú
k08fn] dnfO{ >f4 ug{]x¿sf] nx/df /fVof] . tk{0f, lk08 / blIf0ff lbgf;fy >f4 ;lsof] . d}n] k08fx¿nfO{
eg]–“ …ltdLx¿s} sf/0fn] ef/tjif{df lj|m:tfg k;]sf /x]5g\ . lxGb" wd{nfO{ ltdLx¿n] ;Stf] gfz ul//x]sf
/x]5f} .Ú
cGTodf d}n] eg]“– …g]kfnd} lji0f'kfb'sf 5, lji0f'kfb'sfdf ul/g] >f4sf] dlxdf cem 7"nf] 5 . Toxf“ k08f 5}gg\ /
k08fsf] 7uLdf dflg;n] kg'{kb{}g .Ú
pgLx¿n] g]kfndf lji0f'kfb'sf 5 eÌ] ;'g]sf /x]g5g\ † k08fa]u/ s'g} lkt[sfo{ jf k"hgsfo{ s;/L ul/G5 eÌ]
klg ltgn] a'em]h:tf] b]lvPg . g]kfnL k08f;“u t hDsfe]6 ePg t/ ltgLx¿ klg p:t} b'i6 / nf]eL 5g\
eg]sf] ;'lgof] . s'g}s'g} k08fn] Toxf“ ohdfgx¿nfO{ hah{:tL bfg ug{ nufPsf] ;DklQn] uofdf 5–;fttn]
3/ agfPsf 5g\ / pgLx¿sf 5f]/fx¿ ;]7sf 5f]/fx¿sf e}“m ljnf;L hLjg lhp“5g\ . s;}s;}sf] lhGbuL
k':tf}“k':tf ;f/f cfof{jt{nfO{ n'6\tfn'6\tf klg tÌdsf] tÌd g} 5 eÌ] klg ;'lgof] .
xfdLn] lji0f'kb gfdsf] cToGt ;'Gb/ / 9'Ë}9'Ëfn] ag]sf] ljzfn dlGb/ klg x]¥of}“ . ;g\ !&*& df ag]sf] o;
dlGb/df lji0f' eujfg\sf kfp k/]sfn] kljq dflgbf] /x]5 . lji0f'kbdf ;Ltfdftfn] cfk\mgf ;;'/f bz/ysf] >f4
oxL“ ug'{ePsf] eÌ] egfO 5 . dflg;x¿n] oxf“ klg hltv]/} eL8 u/]/ lkt[>f4 ubf{ /x]5g\, /ft kl/;Stf klg
dflg; ev{/ cfP/ >f4 ug{ yfNb} lyP . oxf“rflx“ k08fx¿n] Tolt;f/f] 3[0ff:kb Jojxf/ b]vfPgg\ . xfdLn] oxf“
klg a'afsf] >f4 u¥of}“ .
lji0f'kbsf] ljzfn dlGb/af6 aflx/ lg:s“bf ;f“em kl/;s]sf] lyof] .

24
!#= ltns'6

uof ;x/ ;f“emsf] lemlnldnLdf cToGt ;'Gb/ b]lvof] . dflg;x¿sf] eL8ef8 x]g{nfos lyof] . uofsf ahf/
x]bf{ t xfd|f] lvrfkf]v/L, Go'/f]8, c;g, 7d]nlt/ h:tf] nfUg] . dflg;}dflg; htf klg . ;g\ !*^% df
gu/kflnsf 3f]lift of] ;x/ w]/} k'/fgf] / dxŒjk"0f{ dflgG5 . st}st} gldn]sf] / clncln cf]/fnf] e"–w/ftndf
a;]sf] uof ef/tsf] dxŒjk"0f{ Jofkfl/s ;x/ /x]5 .
of] ;x/ sf7df8f}“eGbf w]/} Jojl:yt, ;kmf / pÌt /x]5 . ;x/ k'/fgf] klg xf] clg 3gf a:tL ePsf lhNnfx¿
o;sf jl/kl/ 5g\ .
obfsbf ef/tsf ;x/ ;'/Iffsf b[li6n] ;d:ofk"0f{ 5g\, lsgeg] xfdL jf;, ;jf/L ;fwgsf] rog cflbdf ;'/Iff
eGbf klg cfly{s kIfdf a9L ;hu x'gk'U5f}“ . ef/tel/ hxf“ 3'Dbf klg d Pp6f tl/sfrflx“ hlxNo} ckgfp“5'
rfx] cf;fdlt/ xf];\ jf laxf/–o'kLlt/ M laxfg}b]lv To; 7fp“sf ;fgf–7"nf :yfgLo klqsf lsGg], k'm;{t eof] ls
clncln eP klg k9\g] / s'g}s'g} nf]sn 36gf, ;+:yf / JolStsf gfddf lrgf] nufpg] . tkfO{“sf] xftdf
b'O{rf/f]6f :yfgLo klqsf 5g\ eg] n'6]/f;d]t 8/fp“5g\ . tkfO{“sf] efiff / klx/g k/b]zL eP klg To; 7fp“sf
:yfgLo ljifox¿, vf;u/L /fhgLlt, b'3{6gf, df};d, ;x/L ;d:of / 36gfdf tkfO{“ :yfgLo;/x ?lr /
hfgsf/L /fVg'x'“bf] /x]5 eGg] e|d pTkGg x'G5 .
l/S;f r9L kms{“bf k"hf / cg'hfsf] ;xh lxGbL / d]/f] uof;DaGwL hfgsf/L ;'g]/ x'g'k5{ l/S;fjfnn] ;f]Wof]–
…cfknf]u oxL“ s] /xg]jfn] x}+ <Ú
dnfO{ dHhf nfUof] . k"hfn] egL– …gxL+ tf] † xdnf]u g]kfn ;] 3'dg] cf /x] x}+ . kxnL af/ .Ú
ef/tsf ;fgfltgf ;x/sf uNnLdf ;f“emlaxfg ljb]zL efiff af]Ng]nfO{ rf]/km6fxfaf6 8/ x'G5 eÌ] nfu]/ xfdLn]
lxGbLd} af]n]sf lyof}“ . dnfO{ xfd|f ;fyL nfld5fg]hLsf] ofb cfof] . nfld5fg]hL / v'nfnhLsf] hlxn] klg
ljjfb kl//xGYof] . nfld5fg]nfO{ lhTg}kg{], v'nfnhLnfO{ xfg{} gx'g] . nfld5fg]hLsf] 3/ sf:sLsf] ¿kfsf]6 xf]
Sof/, t/ pgL cfkm" kl/l:yltcg';f/ 7]ufgf atfpg] dflg;, s;}n] xh'/sf] 3/ sxf“ xf] eg]/ ;f]Wof] eg] pgL
eGy]–

…kf]v/f xf] .Ú

tkfO{“sf] 3/ kf]v/f kf] xf] t xlu eg]/ ;f]Wof] eg] pgL k8\sGy]– …sxf“sf] kf]v/f < d]/f] 3/ ¿kfsf]6df xf],
¿kfsf]6df †Ú

s;}n] nfld5fg]hL t kf]v/fsf] xf]Og, pxf“sf] 3/ t kfvfsf] s'g} ufp“df 5 elglbof] eg] km]l/ k8\sGy]– …d]/f]
3/ sxf“ k5{ eÌ] s'/f deGbf tkfO{“ hfÌ] < tkfO{“ sf] xf] dnfO{ kf]v/fsf] xf]Og eÌ] < d]/f] 3/ kf]v/f pkTosfd}
k5{, a'em\g'ef] <Ú

slt a'em\g' < pxf“sf] 3/ kf]v/f pkTosfdf x}g, clns dflysf] ?kfsf]6 8f“8fdf 5 c/] . kl5 v'nfnhLsf]]
l6Kk0fL x'GYof] – …s]xL eg] klg lrQ a'em\b}g o; dflg;nfO{ . pN6f] dfq v]b\5 . o;sf] kmf]6f] lv“Rg] xf] eg] klg
lgu]l6e dfq cfp“bf] xf] .Ú

xfdL xf“:Yof}“ .

PskN6 ?b|hL, nfld5fg] / c¿ s]xL ;/–ld;x¿ sIff b;sf 5fq5fqfnfO{ lnP/ kf]v/fsf] z}lIfs e|d0fdf
uPsf lyP . kf]v/fsf] n]s;fO8df nfld5fg]hLnfO{ b]v]/ Pp6f 6\ofS;Ljfnf s/fP5– …efO{ hL † sxf“ hfgf x}
cfksf] <Ú

25
cfkm\g} eÌ] u/]sf] ;x/df pgnfO{ To;n] ef/tLo eG7flglbof] . To;} t sfnf]sfnf] dflg;, nfld5fg]sf] d'v x]g{
nfos ePsf] lyof] /] . To;pk|fGt nfld5fg]hLn] O6x/Ldf a;'Gh]n slxNo} kf]v/fsf] x'“ eÌ ;s]gg\ .

wd{zfnfdf cfOk'Ubf ;f9] cf7hlt aHof] . lbgel/ 3'd]sfn] yfs]/ nvt/fg ePsf lyof}“ . ca vfglkgsf] a]nf
ePsf] lyof] . 6]sf/L/f]8sf b'j}lt/ htftt} ltns'6sf e08f/ lyP . ltnsf] lk7fnfO{ t]ndf ksfP/ Ps k|sf/sf]
dL7f] kl/sf/ agfO“bf] /x]5 . xfdLn] df3] ;ª\j|mflGtdf vfg] ltnsf] n8\8'h:t}–h:t} x'“bf] /x]5 ltns'6 . htf
uP klg dflg; k;]/ kf}8L v]Ng ldN5 eg] x'g] 7"N7"nf s/fxLdf el/el/ t]n eses plDn/x]sf] lyof] . bfneft
jf /f]6L vfg kfOg] 7fp“sf] vf]hLdf otfptf lx“l8/x\of}“ . k|To]s 3/df ltns'6 ksfpg], ;f]?ddf /fVg] /
lsga]rsf] sfd u/]sf] dfq b]lvGYof] . o:tf] nfUYof] dfgf}“ o; ;x/sf dflg;sf] vfgf ltns'6 dfq xf] /
laxf/el/sf s/f]8f}“ dflg;x¿sf nflu ;d]t ltns'6 oxL“ kfS5 .
eft/f]6L vf]Hb} xfdL w]/} k/k/;Dd uof}“ . 5f]/Lx¿ ysfO / ef]sn] kfOnf] ;fg{ 5f8] . ltns'6 ksfpg] afx]s
c¿ vfnsf xf]6n klg e]l6Pgg\ . s]xL gnfu]kl5 ToxL ltns'6 / c¿ s]xL ld7fO{x¿ lsÌ'k¥of] . jf; k'Ug'cl3
kqsf/ ldq s[i0f e§/fO{nfO{ kmf]g ug{ dg nfUof] . 3/lt/ jf xfd|f] vf]hL ug{]x¿n] pxf“af6 ;dfrf/ kfpg]
ePsfn] /flt b; ah]lt/ kmf]g u/]“–
…s[i0f;/ † xfd|f] a6flnog cfh uof xdnf ul//x]sf] 5 †Ú
…uof < stfaf6 uof k'Ug'ef] t <Ú
…cfj|md0f ub{} cfOk'Uof}“ . lxhf] hf]uagLaf6 sl6xf/ xfGof}“ . To;kl5 a; r9]/ efunk'/nfO{ emD6\of}“ . lxhf]sf]
/ft efunk'/df SoflDkª eof] . cfh af]wuof lhTof}“ . cfhsf] jf; uofd} x'G5 . ptf O6x/faf6 jf c¿ s;}n]
kmf]g ug'{ePdf of]4fx¿ /fd|} u/L cl3 a9\b} 5g\ eÌ] ;'gfpg'xf]nf x} < Totf ce}m kfgL kb{} 5 < otf t 5}g †Ú
bf]xf]/f] s'/f ubf{ /fd|f] a'lem“b}gYof] .
…kfgL t emdemd kl//x]s} 5 . clg ef]ln s'g ;x/ tfSg] xf] <Ú
…ef]ln s'g ;x/dfly wfjf af]Ng] eÌ] ef]ln laxfgdfq to x'g]5 .Ú
…nf} t sdfG8/Ho" † o'4 s'zntfk"j{s ;~rfng ug{'xf]nf, z'esfdgf †Ú
jf;df kms{]/ ToxL ltns'6 / ld7fO{sf] e/df /ft sf6\g] lg0f{o u¥of}“ . ;'?df t of] dL7} nfUof] t/ lrNnf] /
u'lnof] x'gfn] Ps} l5gdf cdg x'g yflnxfNof] . ;a} vfO;s]gf}“ . af“sLnfO{ sfutdf kf]sf] kf/]/ /fVof}“ . 5f]/Lx¿
yfs]sfn] ;'ltxfn] . ;Ltf / d a;]/ 3/;Nnfx ug{ yfNof}“ .
…uof 3'ldxflnof] . ca stf hfg] <Ú
…ef]ln laxfg af6fdf cu/w"k afnf}“, xfjfn] w"jf“ htf p8fp“5 Tot} †Ú ;Ltf ddfly zAbf:q k|xf/ ug{
5fl8;s]sL lyOgg\ .
…oxf“af6 agf/; hfcf}“ . agf/; k'u]kl5 cGt stf hfg] eÌ] ljifodf ;f]rf}“nf .Ú d}n] uDeL/ eP/ eg]“ .
ltns'6 / kfgLn] /ft sf6\g'k/]sfn] Tof] xfd|f nflu Psk|sf/n] clj:d/0fLo g} aGof] .

!$= eLif0f cfj|md0f

t];|f] lbg cyf{t\ @)^@ c;f]h @) ut] laxLaf/ . uofsf] laxfg, udL{ lyof] . wd{zfnfsf] z'Ns lt/]/ aflx/
;8sdf lg:Sof}“ . ;a]/} /]nj] :6];g hfg] l/S;f kfpg clnslt emGem6 x'g] /x]5 . :6];gdf cfOk'u]/ agf/;
hfgsf nflu d'un;/fosf] l6s6 sf6]“ . 6«]g cfOk'Ug lgs} ;do af“sL 5 / ;do s6fpg knf{ eg]/ d}n]
cfk"mnfO{ lxGbL efiffsf k|l;4 syfsf/ hozÍ/k|;fbsf] Pp6f syf;ª\u|x / 5f]/Lx¿sf nflu Pp6f lrqsyf
lsg]“ . xfdL tf]lsPsf] gDa/sf] Kn]6kmfd{lt/ hfg nfUof}“ . w]/}j6f Kn]6kmfd{ ePsf :6];gx¿df cfsf;] k'nx¿
26
agfOPsf x'G5g\ . To:t} Pp6f cfsf;] k'n r9]/ xfdL ptfkl§ hfg nfUof}“ . cfsf;] k'nsf] l;“9Lsf s]xL
v'8\lsnf rl9;s]kl5 clnslt ;Dd cfp“5, clg k]ml/ v'8\lsnf ;'? x'g] u5{ .
dflg; x'g s'gs'g s'/f rflxG5 eÌ] kl/efÈf ug{ ufx«f] kg{] /x]5 . xftx¿ eP jf geP klg dflg; xf] ls
xf]Og eÌ] c:ki6tf /xÌ, v'§fx¿ eP jf geP klg dflg; xf] ls xf]Og eÌ] lrÌ sl7gfO /x“b}g . dflg; xf]
of xf]Og eg]/ lrÌ k|s[ltn] t dflg;nfO{ c¿eGbf k[ys\ ul/lbPs} 5 t/ dflg; cfk}“mn] To; cGt/nfO{
slxNo} cfb/ u/]g h:tf] nfu]/ cfp“5 . dflg; lsg cGt/ sf]g{] To; /]vfnfO{ cfk"mcg's"n otfptf ;fl//xG5
<
To; l;“9Lsf klxnf v'8\lsnf rl9;s]kl5 cfPsf] ;Dd 7fp“df Pp6f dflg; ;'lt/x]sf] lyof] . dflg;} x'g'k5{, /
;DejtM :jf:gLdflg; – To;sf] skfn nfdf] b]lvGYof] . Pp6f l3gnfUbf] sk8fn] 5f]lkPsfn] cg'xf/ /
z/L/rflx“ b]lv“b}gYof] . Jo:t l;“9Lsf] To; efudf dhf;“un] ;'Tg] Tof] dflg; o;f] x]bf{ nfd} ;dob]lv ToxL“
x'g'k5{ eÌ] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsGYof] .
dflg;x¿ cf–cfk\mgf xtf/df lx“l8/x]sf lyP . Kn]6kmfd{sf k'ln; / cGo sd{rf/L cfk\mgf] sfddf Jo:t
b]lvGy] . ;a}hgf To; JolSts} 5]paf6 lglj{sf/efjn] cf]xf]/bf]xf]/ ul//x]sf lyP . ;a} s'/f 7Ls7fs;“u
rln/x]sf] lyof] . dflg;x¿ To; JolSttkm{ Ps b[li6;Dd glbO{sg cl3 al9/x]sf lyP .
d}n] 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ Tof] b[Zo b]vfP“ . ;Ltfn] klg b]lvg\ . To;sf] cfwfhlt 6fpsfdf /f}“ lyPgg\, Pp6f 7"nf] /
ulx/f] 3fp lyof] . Tolt l3gnfUbf] 3fp t d}n] e':ofxf s's'/sf] hLpdf klg b]v]sf] 5}g . To; eofjx 3fp /
skfnel/ ;]tf cf}“;f :ofp“:ofp“ ul//x]sf lyP . ePsf] clnslt skfn klg lhªl/ª\u / lghL{j b]lvGYof] .
To;nfO{ 9fs]sf] sfnf] sk8f ;fob s'g} ;dodf ;]tf] lyof] . xfdL sfnf dfgj–dgx¿sf] lrq lvRbflvRbf
To;df Tolt w]/} sfnf] nfu]sf] lyof] ;fob . o; 3[l0ft ;+;f/nfO{ x]g{ grfx]sfn] cfk"mnfO{ 9fSg g;Sg] eP
klg sk8fsf] cf8df u'“8'lNsP/ n8]sf] x'g ;S5 pm . p;n] o; kfkL b'lgof“sf] gh/;“u gh/ h'wfpg grfx]sf]
klg x'g;S5 .
pm xfd|f] cfkm\gf] cg'xf/ x]g{] P]gf ag]/ r'krfk nl8/x]sf] lyof] . pm xfdL;“u s'g} j:t' dflu/x]sf] lyPg, dfUg
;Sg] cj:yfdf klg lyPg, pm lbg dfq ;SYof] . xfdLleq dfgjtfsf] Tof] ult b]Vtf klg gb'Vg] dg 5, dfgj
eP/ af“Rg kfp“m eÌ] cft{gfbn] g5'g] Xbo 5 . xfdL cfk"mnfO{ kbf{ ?G5f}“, s/fp“5f}“, xf/u'xf/ dfU5f}“, d2t lbg
gcfpg] / cfk\mgf] syf g;'Ì]x¿nfO{ ;/fK5f}“ clg csf{nfO{ kbf{ rflx“ /dfOnf] dfg]/ r'krfk x]l//xG5f}“ .
dfgjnfO{ csf{sf] b'Mvaf6 hlQsf] :jflbnf] dgf]/~hg s'g} j:t', 36gf jf sNkgfaf6 k|fKt x'“b}g . ;]nLn] …6' c
:sfOnfs{Ú sljtfdf To;} eg]gg\ –
Our Sweetest songs are those

That tell of the saddest thoughts

csf{sf] b'Mvaf6 ;a}eGbf Hofbf cfgGb lng] o; dflg;sf] hfltnfO{ s] elg/xg' /, t/ klg xfdLn] cfk\mg}
;'/Iff / ;/;kmfOsf nflu klg To; dxfcefuL dxf/f]uLnfO{ Toxf“ To;/L kN6g glbg'kYof]{ . cyjf csf{sf]
dgf]/~hgsf nflu p;n] klg To;/L To:tf] 7fp“df lgMz'Ns klN6/xg'x'“b}gYof] .
ef/t ul/asf nflu s'DeLkfs xf] . ef/t PSnfx¿sf nflu gs{ xf] . d]/f] g]kfn klg gx'g]sf nflu gs{ g} xf] .
vf;v'; ub{} xfdL klg la:tf/} b[Zoaf6 k/k/ x6Øf}“ . Psflt/af6 dfgjtfdfly eLif0f cfj|md0f eO/x]sf] 5 /
csf{] SofDkaf6 dfgjhfltdfly c;x\o JoËØf:q k|xf/ eO/x]sf] 5 . xfdL bf]xf]/f] xfgfxfgsf aLr r'krfk
;lx/x]sf 5f}“ .
Kn]6kmfd{sf] clns sd eL8 ePsf] 7fp“df k'u]/ xfdL emf]nf la;fP/ pleof}“ .
…lar/L, slt cefuL /lx5], 3/sfn] Tofu] klg dfOtL jf dfjnLkl§sf s;} g s;}n] t b]Vg' lg †Ú ;Ltfsf]
s?0ff lgs} a]/kl5 5rlNsof] . d}n] 3/, dfOtL, dfjnL / ;a} cfkm\gfx¿n] Tofu]kl5 cfOdfO{sf lbg o:tf klg
cfpg ;Stf /x]5g\ eg]/ lxGbLdf eg]“ . Pp6L laxf/L cfOdfO{ s'g} cf}krfl/stflagf xfd|f s'/fdf ldl;O{– …7Ls
5, j]Zo]nfO{ . 5fnf rfp/L gk?Gh]n lbgx'“ slthgfsf] cf]5\ofg agL, p;a]nf dfOtL klg 3/ klg rflxPg
xf]nf, ca ===†Ú

27
pm xfdL;“u af]Ng vf]Hb} lyO{, xfd|f] 6«]g cfO;s]sf] /x]5 . xfdL gof“ dfG5], otfplt cNdlnP/ emÌ} 5'6]sf] .
clns eL8 lyof] . of] 6«]grflx“ PS;k|]; k/]5 . em'lSsP/ ;}lgs l8Aafdf r9]5f}“ . ;}lgsx¿n] s]xL eg]gg\,
cf/fd;“u a:of}“ .
;f]g eÌ] Pp6f 7"nf] gbL cfof] . kfgL x]bf{ t ;f]g gbL xfd|f] sf];LeGbf lgs} ;fgf] kf] xf] ls h:tf], t/ k'n
;ft lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] / cToGt cUnf] . ;Ktsf];Lsf] k'n t ;f9] ;ft ;o ld6/hlt g xf] . ;f]g gbLsf] af/]df
d}n] klxn] vf;} ;'g]sf] lyOg“ . o} ofqfsf] l;lN;nfdf ef/tsf] 7"nf] gS;f kN6fp“bf b]v]sf] xf] . ;f]g gbL kf/
u/]kl5 ;f;f/fd eÌ] Pp6f ;x/ af6}df kbf{] /x]5 . c¿ cgluGtL 7"nf;fgf ;x/ cfP–uP . v]tx¿, af/Lx¿,
;8sx¿, ufp“x¿, s]s] xf] s]s] . 6«]g tLj| ultn] rNYof] . ;fgfltgf :6];gdf g/f]Sg] x'gfn] xfdLnfO{
:yfgkl/jt{g / ofqfsf] cg'ej sd eof] . ofqfsf] :jfb lng] xf] eg] nf]sn 6«]gsf] ;fwf/0f l8Aafd} r9\g'k5{ .
cg]s vfnsf ofq' e]l6G5g\, cg]s vfnsf 7fp“ cfp“5g\ .
clg d'un;/fo cfOk'Uof] . d'un;/fo agf/;g]/sf] Ps 7"nf] /]nj] hÍ;g xf] . of] ;x/ vf;} 7"nf] xf]Og /x]5 .
Pp6f ef/tLon] o;nfO{ ;+;f/s} ;aeGbf 7"nf] /]nj] hª\S;g xf] eGof] . ;+;f/s} 7"nf] t s'lÌ, ef/tsf] rflx“
;aeGbf 7"nf] hª\S;g oxL g} xf] eg]/ csf{] hfÌ] lgl:sof] .
ef]s nfu]/ xng6§" eOPsf] lyof] . lxhf] a]n'sf klg /fd||f] v'jfO k/]sf] xf]Og . To;}n] clxn]sf] vfgf clns
/fd|f] x'g'k5{ eÌ] xfd|f] OR5f lyof] . ef]sf] 6f]nL xf]6nx¿ ePsf] uNnLdf cfOk'Uof] . /]nj] hª\S;gsf] 5]p, xf]6n
t s] ultnf x'Gy] /, bxL;Dd d'l:snn] kfOof] .

!%= aNn cfOk'luof]

d'un;/foaf6 agf/; hfg 6]Dkf] kj|mg'kg{] /x]5 . 6]Dkf]df udL{ / eL8ef8 /x/ k'Ug] u/L lyof] . ;a} ofq'
kl;gfn] g'xfO/x]sf lyP .
Pshgfsf] ef8f cf7 ?lkof“ eg]sfn] Tolt 6f9f gxf]nf eg]sf] t d]/L cfDd} † af6f] t slt xf] slt †
d'un;/foaf6 agf/; hfg] af6fdf gof“ ahf/ / ;x/x¿ aÌ] j|md b]lvof] . xfdLn] oL b'O{ ;x/nfO{ gS;fdf
x]bf{ Psbd} glhs b]v]sf lyof}“, t/ gS;f x]/]/ s] ug'{, af6f] t w/fgb]lv lj/f6gu/hlt g} nfUof] . 6]Dkf]df eP/
/ udL{n] x'g;S5 .
agf/; k'Ug] a]nfdf ;xofqLx¿n] eg]– …uËfgbLsf] bflxg]kl§ /fdgu/ eÌ] k|l;4 bz{gLo :yn 5, tkfO{“x¿ Tof]
7fp“ h;/L eP klg e|d0f ug'{xf]nf .Ú
agf/; ;x/ b]lvg yfn]kl5 ;8s Psbd clUng yfN5 . ;8ssf] prfOn] xfdL kxf8L af6fdf a;ofqf
ul//xg]x¿nfO{ klg Psk|sf/sf] cTof; nfU5 . ;8sd'lg stfaf6 xf], Pp6f /]ndfu{ cfP/ k:5 . o; b'O{tn]
k'nsf] gfd /fh3f6 /x]5 . agf/;sf] k|l;4 3f6 /fh3f6 eP/ hfg] ePsfn] o; k'nsf] gfd To;} 3f6af6
/flvPsf] xf]nf . uËf tg'{eGbf klxn] kfl/kl§af6 agf/;sf k|l;4 3f6x¿sf] ljxËd b[Zo x]g{ kfOG5 . ;x/sf
afSnf 3/x¿ O“6sf /¨Lr¨L y'k|fem}“ nfUg] / 3f6x¿;“u}sf cg]s dlGb/x¿ dgf]xf/L nfU5g\ .
…aNn cfOk'luof] .Ú k"hfn] egL . ofqfsf] yfngLdf rrf{df k/]sf] of] klxnf] ;x/ lyof] .
agf/; xf] eÌ] a'em]kl5 k"hf 3f6x¿sf] dgdf]xs b[Zodf /dfpg yfnL . ljZjsf gfd rn]sf ;x/dWo] of] klg
kg{] ePsfn] xfdL efjljef]/ clg uf}/jflGjt ePsf lyof}“ . /fh3f6af6 agf/; SofG6 k'Ug klg lgs} af6f] kbf{]
/x]5 . SofG6 agf/;sf] oftfoftsf] d'Vo s]Gb| xf] .
SofG6df pq]kl5 xfdL ;f]em} kf08]k'/ clg agf/; lxGb" ljZjljBfno x]g{ uof}“ . of] ljZjsf s]xL 7"nf
ljZjljBfnosf] ;"rLdf kb{5 . o;sf ljefu dfq} olt w]/} nfUg] ls ;a} 3'Dg] xf] eg] sd ;] sd k"/f Ps lbg
5'§Øfpg'kg{] x'G5 . ljZjljBfno–kl/;/leqsf] afaf ljZjgfysf] gof“ dlGb/ x]g{ hf“bf h]h] b]lvof] Toltdfq x]g{
EofOof] .

28
afaf ljZjgfysf] gof“ dlGb/ ljzfn 5 . ;Dk"0f{ efu ;Ëd/d/n] ag]sf] of] dlGb/ cToGt ;'Gb/ 5 . d'un
zf;s cf}/Ëh]an] sfzLsf ljZjgfysf] dlGb/ eTsfP/ To;dfly dl:hb agfPsfn] of] gof“ dlGb/ agfOPsf] xf]
. gof“ ljZjgfysf] dlGb/ k'/fgf ljZjgfysf] dlGb/sf] df}lns :j¿k;“u l7Ss ldnfP/ agfOPsf] xf] elgG5 .
gof“ ljZjgfysf] bz{g ul/;s]/ xfdL ljZjljBfnoaflx/ lg:Sof}“ . To;kl5 ;Í6df]rg hfg' lyof] . ;Í6df]rg
xg'dfgsf] k|l;4 dlGb/ glhs} kg{] x'gfn] l/S;fdf hfg ;lhnf] k¥of] . dlGb/ k'u]kl5 Toxf“sf] ;ËLtdo
jftfj/0fn] ToxL“ al;/x"“ kfbf{] /x]5 . ;do8f]/Ln] l3:ofpg]x¿nfO{ To; ;ËLt–;/uddf w]/} a:g ldNb}gYof] .
dlGb/sf] bz{gsf nflu v'b|f k};f, k"mnkftL, k|;fb / dfnfsf] k/Dk/fut aGbf]a:t u/]/ xfdL kfnf] cfPkl5 leq
k;]/ bz{g u¥of}“ . ToxL“ al;/xg hlt dg eP klg ;f“em emdSs kl/;s]sf] x'“bf xfdL lx“8Øf}“ . glhs}
b'uf{dlGb/ k5{, clg glhs} dfg;dlGb/ klg 5 . b'uf{ dlGb/ w]/} k'/fgf] xf] eg] dfg;dlGb/ cln gof“ xf] . t/
tL b'j} dlGb/ plQs} bz{gLo 5g\ . ;Í6df]rgb]lv lx“8]/ b'uf{dlGb/ / dfg;dlGb/ cfpg'sf] dhf a]Un} . ;f“emsf]
zLtntfdf agf/;sf Jo:t dflg;x¿sf aLr To;} eL8sf] Ps lx:;f eP/ lx“8\g'sf] cfgGb a]Un} .
agf/;sf] kf08]k'/ ca p;a]nfsf] kf08]k'/ 5}g . cfhsf] Jo:t kf08]k'/df k|]drGb cfP eg] pgsf] pkGof;
/¨e"ld s:tf] n]Vy] xf]nfg\ † ca kf08]k'/ ;x/aflx/sf] / ul/ax¿ a:g] ufp“ xf]Og . Toxf“sf ;ft–cf7tn]
;fgbf/ 3/x¿, ;8sx¿ / 6«flkms eL8 b]Vtf ljlrq nfU5 . ;x/ a9\b} uPkl5 ul/ax¿sf] a;f]jf;sf] ynf]
klg s]Gb|af6 k/k/ ;b{};b{} hfg] /x]5 .
xfdL l/S;f kj|m]/ agf/;sf] d'Vo efu sfzL cfof}“ . ;f“em lgs} 9ln;s]sf] lyof], ca To; /ftsf nflu jf;
vf]Hg cfjZos lyof] . agf/;sf s'g} gfd rn]sf wd{zfnfx¿df /ft s6fpg' ;:tf], ;'/lIft, zfGt /
cf/fdbfoL xf]nf eÌ] nfu]/ b'O{rf/ wd{zfnf rfxf¥of}“ . xfdL efunk'/ / uofsf ;:tf wd{zfnfdf jf; a;]sfn]
Psk|sf/n] wd{zfnfsf] jf;sf nflu kNs]sf lyof}“ .
t/ agf/;sf wd{zfnf cToGt cJojl:yt /x]5g\, cyjf egf}“ xfdLn] e]6]hltdf s'g} klg ef}lts ;'ljwfsf]
k|aGw ePsf] lyPg . ubf}lnof/f]8df df/jf8Lx¿sf] Pp6f 6«:6n] rnfPsf] Pp6f cltlyejg /x]5 M >L
;Ltf/fd Rofl/6L 6«:6, 8L= $*÷!$!—P, ld>kf]v/f, nS;f /f]8, /fdfk'/f, jf/f0f;L . xfd|f] jf; ToxL
cltlyejgdf eof] . dh:tf lgDgljQn] agf/; hf“bf o:t} Rofl/6L 6«:6x¿n] rnfPsf cltlyejgdf jf;
vf]Hg' 7Ls x'g] /x]5 .
jf; ldn]kl5 d ;f9] gf} ah]lt/ ;x/sf] lemlnldnL /ldtf / 3f6sf] /f}gs x] g{ eg]/ lg:s]“ . ;x/ t 8'lng“ t/
s]xLa]/ 3f6df 3'd]“ . ca]/ x'g'cl3 d 8]/f kms{g yfn]“ . agf/;sf] eL8ef8 / ;f“u'/f uNnL, d}n] af6f] e'n]“ .
af6f] e'Nb}df t s] lau|GYof] /, 7]ufgf g} e';'Ss} la;{]“5' . k/]g cfkt\ † ca stf hfg' < d"nåf/ P3f/ ah] aGb
x'g] elgPsf] 5, 8]/f sxf“ 5 eÌ g} cfkm" ;lStg“ †

7]ufgf ;Demg nfv sf]l;; u/]“, kf/ nfu]g . aNnaNn clncln ofb cfof], ;/f}lrof/f]8 eÌ] . dflg;x¿nfO{
;f]w]“ . s;}n] ;/f}lrof/f]8 stf k5{ eÌ} ;s]gg\ . w]/}a]/kl5 aNn Pp6fn] Psflt/ b]vfOlbof] . aNnaNn
;/f}lrof /f]8 kQf nfUof] t/ xfd|f] 8]/f Toxf“ lyPg . /ftsf] P3f/ aHg nflu;Sof], 8]/} a]kQf . ;LtfnfO{ ptf
slt cfkt\ cfOnfu]sf] xf]nf, dg aaf{b eof], 5ftLleq} klx/f] uof] .

uf]hL 5fd]“, ;fydf km'6Lsf}8L 5}g . o;f] k;{;Dd t af]Sg'k5{ lg † la;{g] afgLn] dnfO{ l;Wofpg] eof] .
agf/;sf] aLr ;x/df cfhsf] /ft s6f kf}8]n df]h;“u, kl/jf/nfO{ kf] dfl/;\ t †

b'O{hgf dflg;x¿ dhlQs} km6fkm6 lx“l8/x]sf lyP . Pshgfsf] d'vaf6 lg:s]sf] ;'g]“ – …ubf}lnof ====.Ú

P † d]/f] jf; t ubf}lnofdf kf] t, stfsf] ;/f}lrofdf x'g' † ca d gfd hKt} bf}8]“– …ubf}lnof, ubf}lnof==.Ú
lj/f6gu/sf] ;/f}lrof;“u ldNbf]h'Nbf] gfdn] dnfO{ emGg] latfof] .

7Ls P3f/ ah] cltlyejgsf] d"nåf/df >L lbg]z kf}8]nhL xflh/ . x:ofªkm:ofª ub{} e¥ofª pSnG5', ;Ltf t
cfgGb;“u ;'s]sf n'ufkmf6f] k6\ofP/ emf]nfdf xfln/x]sL †

…a"9f] oqf] a]/ x/fp“bf lrGtf nfu]g < Ú d}n] ;f]w]“ .

29
…lsg < s] ef] / <Ú

d}{n] /fdsxfgL ;'gfP“ .

————————————————————————————————————————
t/ sfzLsf s'g} P]ltxfl;s :ynx¿ 3'ldPg5 eÌ] clxn] dx;'; x'“bf v]b nfU5 . sfzLsf /fhfdxf/fhfx¿sf
b/af/x¿, ;ËLtsf sn]h / ;fËLlts sfo{j|mdx¿ clg sfzLjf;L j[4j[4fx¿ vf]hL u/]/ klg x]g'{kYof{], 5'6]5g\
.
wÌ ;Í6df]rgcufl8af6 agf/;sf] gfd'b n8\8' lsÌrflx“ e'n]g5f}“ . agf/;sf] n8\8' hf] vfG5, pm k5'tfp“5,
hf] vf“b}g pm klg k5'tfp“5 eg]/ lax]nfO{ sltn] agf/;sf] n8\8';“u t'ngf ug{] u5{g\ . t/ d j}jflxs
hLjgsf] cjd"Nog ug{] x/]s ;"ql;t ljdlt /fV5' . n8\8'dfq lsg, kfg / lhn]aL klg agf/;sf gfd'b g} x'g\ .
kfg;'kf/L gvfg] dflg; d, kfgk;nx¿lt/ o;f] x]g'{afx]s ltgl;t d]/f] vf;} ;DaGw 5}g . agf/;sf
lhn]aLk;n latf{df]8sf lxp“b] ;'Gtnfk;nem}“ kx]“nk'/ lyP . lhn]aL cyf{t\ h]/L d]/f] afNosfnb]lvsf] dL7f]
kl/sf/ xf] . o;;“u d]/f] Pp6f :d/0fof]Uo hDsfe]6 / ljz]if gftf 5 .
O6x/Laf6 glhs} nf]rgL eÌ] ufp“ 5 . nf]rgL / j/k/ emf“u8hfltsf] 7"nf] a:tL 5 . xfd|f] kl/jf/ c6\7fO;
;fndf kxf8af6 Toxf“ a;fO“ ;/]/ cfof] . To;} ;fn lxp“bsf] 36gf 5f]6s/Ldf eG5' d . emf“u8x¿sf] wfld{s
pT;j w/ds/dsf] ;do kf/]/ ufp“df ;–;fgf] d]nf nfu]sf] lyof] . d ev{/ kxf8af6 em/]sf] afns, lhn]aLsf]
gof“ :jfbdf n6\l7Psf] lyP“ ;fob, cfdfnfO{ c¿ lhn]aL lslglbg s/ ul//x]“ .
ufp“s} d]nf ePsfn] cfdf / pxf“;“u cfPsf l5d]sLx¿;“u yf]/} dfq k};f eP/ xf]nf yk lhn]aL lslglbg'ePg .
d emu8f ug{ yfn]“– …h'nkL lslglbg" † h'nkL lslglbg" g ††Ú
d}n] lgs} 7"nf] :j/df afnx7 k|s6 u/]sfn] cfdf / pxf“;“u cfpg] l5d]sLx¿nfO{ c;lhnf] k/]/ xf] jf ;f“em
kb{} uP/ xf], ;a} 3/ kms{g yfNg'eof] . d}n] …h'nkLÚ ls …h'nkLÚ eg]/ kms{“bf af6fel/ /8fsf] dRrfO/x]“ .
ef]lnkN6b]lv d]/f] gfd g} …h'nkL efOÚ . To; gfdaf6 d'lSt kfpg d}n] lgs} jif{ kv{g'k¥of] . xfd|f] kl/jf/
@)#% ;fndf Toxf“af6 O6x/f a;fO“ ;/]kl5 dfq To; gfdaf6 d'lSt kfP“ † s;}n] lhn]aLsf] gfd lnof] ls d
em:sGy]“ kl5;Dd †

!^= klv{/x]sf] 5 agf/;

pHofnf] ePkl5 ljZjgfy afafsf] bz{g ug{ uPdf eL8ef8 a9]/ lbge/ nfUg ;SYof] . xfdL rf/} gahL
pl7xfNof}“ . n'ufkmf6f] / kf]sfk'Gt'/f ldnfO;s]/ lx“8\g 7Ls k/]kl5 dfq 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ p7fof}“ . c“Wof/}df ;8sdf
lgl:sxfNof}“ . dflg;x¿sf] n:s/ b]Vt} ljZjgfy afafsf] dlGb/ / 5]j}sf] 3f6 stf k5{ s;}nfO{ ;f]lw/xg'gkg{] .
xfdL ;f]em} uËflsgf/lt/ nfUof}“ . oxf“af6 uËfhn NofP/ afafsf] dlGb/df k"mnkftL;lxt r9fpg] k/Dk/f 5 .
3f6g]/ clnslt k"mnkftL, df6fsf] Pp6f ;fgf] 3}nf / cfjZos dfnf, k|;fb cflb lsGof}“ .
bzfZjd]w 3f6af6 uËfhn NofP/ ljZjgfy afafsf] dlGb/cufl8 xhf/f}“ dflg;sf] nfOgdf pleg'k¥of] . hn
r9fp“bf laxfgsf] ;f9] gf} alh;s]sf] lyof] . k'ln;x¿ dflg;nfO{ j|mda4 9¨n] leq k7fp“y] . Toqf dflg; eP
klg xf]xNnf 5}g, 7]nf7]n / kfnf] ldRg] 5}g . dlGb/sf] ;'/Iffy{ dflg;nfO{ d]6n l86]S6/n] 7Ls;“u hf“r]/dfq
leq l5g{ lb“bf /x]5g\ .
sfzLsf 3f6 / uNnLx¿ x]g{] cj;/ lyof] of] . cfdf kRrL; ;fnsf] df3] ;ª\j|mflGtdf cfk\mgf dfjnsL
a"9Lxh'/cfdfsf ;fy nfu]/ sfzL cfpg kfPsf] syf elg/xg'x'GYof] . tL a"9Lxh'/cfdf dl0fsl0f{sf 3f6df
sfzLjf; a:g cfpg'ePsf] rrf{ pxf“ ;w}“;w}“ ul//xg'x'GYof] . dnfO{ PsfpÌ ;fndf dl0fsl0f{sf 3f6 gx]/]sfdf
v]b nfu]sfn] o;kN6 of] 7fp“ 5'6fpg d rfxÌy]“ . xfd|f ufp“3/lt/ agf/;df 5flkP/ cfPsf kfqf, gfu /
k':tsx¿df s0f{306f, srf}8LunL, gb];/, af“;kmf6s, b"wljgfos cflb n]lvPsf] x'GYof] . tL ;Dem]/ o;kN6

30
p;a]nfsf eGbf a9L uNnLx¿ kmgkmgL dfq eP klg 3'd]“ . agf/;sf uNnLx¿ slt ;f“u'/f 5g\ eÌ] ;a}nfO{
yfxf 5 .
kGw| ;oeGbf a9L cToGt dxŒjk"0f{ wfld{s d7dlGb/, bzfZjd]w 3f6, dl0fsl0f{sf 3f6 / /fh3f6h:tf ;of}“
rlr{t 3f6 clg u'7L, cf>d / ;dfh;]jL ;+:yfx¿ ePsf] of] sfzL ;x/ wfld{s dfq xf]Og ljzfn Jofkfl/s
s]Gb| klg xf] . of] wd{, ;+:s[lt, efÈf, ;flxTo, k':tsk|sfzg, /fhgLlt / v]ns'bsf] klg Ps dxŒjk"0f{ /
P]ltxfl;s ;x/ xf] . agf/;df lxGb" wd{ / af}4 wd{sf ;fy} d';ndfg / lj|ml:6ogx¿sf klg dxŒjk"0f{ wfld{s
;+:yfx¿ 5g\ . agf/; n8\8' / kfgsf nflu k|l;4 t 5 g}, oxf“sf /]zdL ;f8L agf/;L ;f8Lsf] gfdn]
ljZjk|l;4 5g\ . oxf“ ;'grf“bLsf u/uxgf, afhfufhfsf ;fdfg, df6fsf ef“8fs'“8f, v]nf}gf, k6sf, ;'tL n'uf /
v]ns'bsf ;fdfg klg agfOG5g\ . wft'sf ef“8fs'“8f / xltof/ agfpg], lrgLldn, wfgldn, / ux“'sf ldnsf
nflu ;d]t agf/; k|l;4 5 .
agf/; ljZjsf] Ps ljlzi6 cWoog–cg';Gwfg / z}lIfs s]Gb| xf] . agf/; sn]h -!&(!_, agf/; lxGb"
ljZjljBfno -!(!^_, jf/f0f;L ;+:s[t ljZjljBfno -!(%*_ / /fhf hol;+xåf/f lgld{t j]wzfnf cflbn] o;
;x/nfO{ ;+:s[t lzIff / k"jL{o bz{gsf ;fy} cfw'lgs lzIffsf] ljZjk|l;4 k|fl1s ynf]sf ¿kdf lrgfPsf 5g\ .
agf/; ;x/sf af/]df O;fk"j{ ;ft cf7 ;o jif{ cl3;Ddsf :ki6 k|df0fx¿ kfOG5g\ t/ lxGb" zf:qn] o;nfO{
cgflbsfnb]lvsf] ;x/ dflgcfPsf] 5 . /fdfo0f / dxfef/tdf o; ;x/sf] :ki6 pNn]v ePsfn] of] cToGt
k|frLg ;x/ xf] eÌ] k'li6 x'G5 . t/ oxf“ ;f]x«f}“ ztfAbLsf] cGTolt/sf Psb'O{ 3/ dfq af“sL 5g\ . agf/; Ps
ko{6sLo ;x/ klg xf], a;{]lg kGw|aL; nfv wfld{s / cGo ko{6sx¿ o; ;x/sf] e|d0fdf cfpg] ePsfn]
agf/;sf] dxŒj ljz]if 5 .
agf/;nfO{ cGo ;x/;“u hf]8\g] /]n, ;8s / xjfO–oftfoftsf] /fd|f] k|aGw 5 . oxf“ SofG6 / sfzL u/L b'O{
/]nj] :6];g 5g\ eg] cg]sf}“ ;8sdfu{x¿n] ;x/nfO{ ;'ud agfP klg ;x/leqsf] 6«flkms Joj:yf cToGt
g/fd|f] 5 . htftt} l/S;f, …cf6f]Ú / a;uf8Lx¿n] ubf{ 6«flkms hfd eO/xG5 . hg;ª\Vofsf] lx;fan] agf/;
sf7df8f}“ eGbf b'O{u'gf dfq xf]nf t/ sltko lx;fan] x]g{] xf] eg] of] ;x/ sf7df8f}“eGbf cToGt cJojl:yt
nfU5 . sfzLsf] k'/Fgf] cyf{t\ d'Vo ;x/sf 3/x¿ cfw'lgs ;'ljwf k'¥ofpg gldNg] 5g\ eg] ;8sx¿ olt
;f“u'/f 5g\ ls bf]xf]/f] ;fOsn lx“8fpg klg ldNb}gg\ . ;f“9] / ufO{x¿ Jo:t ;8ssf] aLrdf 9NsL9NsL lx“8]sf
clg uhw'Dd k/]/ al;/x]sf b]Vg kfOG5 . agf/; 3'Dg rfxg]n] ;x/leqsf] ofqfsf nflu l/S;f kj|mg' l7s
x'G5 .
/fhf k[YjLgf/fo0f zfxn] sfzLg/]zsL 5f]/L lax] u/]sf] Oltxf; 5 . t/ g]kfn / agf/;sf aLrsf] hg:t/sf]
;DaGw cToGt k'/fgf] xf] . a'9Øf}nLdf sfzL ghfg] dflg; tb{}g eÌ] nf]sf]lStaf6} agf/;nfO{ g]kfnLn] slt
dxŒj lbPsf 5g\ eÌ] 5n{ª\luG5 . agf/;df g]kfnL dlGb/ elgg] k|l;4 dlGb/ 5 . sf7df8f}“s} dlGb/x¿sf]
z}nLdf agfOPsf] pSt dlGb/ Toxf“sf c¿ ;a} ;+/rgfeGbf leÌ b]lvG5 .
ljBfWoogsf nflu g]kfnLx¿ agf/; hfg] k/Dk/f w]/} k'/Fgf] xf] . xfd|f cg]s sljn]vsx¿, u'? / kl08tx¿
clg jt{dfg g]kfnsf aLkL sf]O/fnf, dgdf]xg clwsf/L, dbg e08f/L cflb dfq xf]Og, g]kfnL sfª\u|];, Pdfn],
/fk|kf, dfcf]jfbLnufot nueu ;a} kf6L{sf w]/}h;f] g]tfx¿ agf/;s} lzIffn] ag]sf x'g\ . t/ cr]n g]kfnn]
agf/;nfO{ e'Nb} uPsf] b]lvG5 . xfd|f lktfk'vf{n] nfvf}“ ?lkof“ clg /utkl;gf vr{ u/]/ Toxf“ cg]sf}“ wd{zfnf,
kf6Lkf}jf, d7dlGb/, 5fqfjf;, ljBfno / 5fkfvfgfx¿ vf]n]sf 5g\ . xfd|f xhf/f}“ g]kfnL bfh'efOx¿ ToxL“sf
/}yfg] eP/ a;]sf 5g\ . agf/; xfd|f] klg xf] .
cem} agf/; xfdLnfO{ kv{]/} al;/x]sf] k|tLt x'G5 .

!&= Tof] w"nf] la;{Ì“

bzfZjd]w 3f6af6 kms{]/ ;f/gfylt/ nfUg'cl3 ubf}lnof rf]sg]/sf] Pp6f ;fgf] lrofk;ndf k;]/ xfd|f] kl/jf/
laxfgsf] vfhf vfg yfNof] . Pp6f g]kfnL cg'xf/sf] o'js 5]j}df cfP/ xf]6njfnf;“u lxGbLdf af]Ng yfNof] .
d}n] p;nfO{ g]kfnLdf af]nfP“– …efO g]kfnaf6 xf] <Ú

31
pm 5Ss k¥of] . p;n] eGof]– …x'“ t † clg xh'/x¿ sxf“af6 lg < s;/L lrÌ'ef] <Ú
…O6x/Laf6===== . g]kfnLh:t} nfu]/ af]nfOx]/]sf =====†Ú
…/fpt 5]qL x'“ . ;fgf]ltgf] gf]s/L 5 . s] ug{] bfO, b'O{ k};f ot} a9L sdfO x'G5 . g]kfndf sfd} kfOÌ =====.Ú pm
yf]/} af]Ng rfxGYof] . p;sf] dg s'g} ux«f}“ ef/Ln] lyr]sf] 5 eÌ] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsGYof] . pbok'/sf]
ufO{3f6glhssf] Pp6f ;fgf] ufp“af6 oxf“ /f]huf/Lsf nflu cfPsf] /x]5 pm .
xfdL g]kfnLx¿ ko{6shflt xf]Ogf}“ . wfld{s, Jofkfl/s, ;+f+:s[lts, ;fËLlts jf cg]s lsl;dn] ko{6g ug{
;lsG5 t/ xfdL wfld{s lx;fan] afx]s sd}dfq ko{6sLo e|d0fsf nflu eg]/ wg, ;do / hf“u/ vr{ ug{
tof/ x'G5f}“ . 8]9 bzscl3 sf7df8f}“ sf]6]Zj/sf] gjHof]lt :s'ndf d sfd uy]{“ / d;“u} sfd ug{] Pshgf
lzlIfsf x'g'x'GYof], u'nfkmd}of“ >]i7 . pxf“ sf7df8f}“df hGd]sL, nlntk'/df 3/ ePsL Ps k}“tL;a;{] :gftsf]Q/
lzlIfsf, t/ pxf“n] lqk'/]Zj/b]lv ;"o{ljgfos;Dd k'Ug] 6«nL a; lbgx'“ b]v] klg slxNo} ;"o{ljgfos;Dd
k'Ug'ePsf] lyPg † cfdg]kfnL hflt–hghflt p:t}p:t} eP klg sf7df8f}“ pkTosfsf g]jf/x¿rflx“ ;fob
ljZjs} ;aeGbf sd 3'Dg] hfltdWo] kbf{ x'g\ . sf7df8f}“sf /}yfg]x¿sf nflu yfgsf]6 g} ;+;f/sf] kNnf] 5]p xf]
eg]/ pkTosfaflx/sfx¿ 7§f–/dfOnf] u5{g\ .
xfdL ul/a . ul/a x'gfn] klg 3'Dg kfOg] /x]5 . ul/a g]kfnLsf 5f]/f5f]/L sfd vf]Hb} c/a / dn]l;of
3'ld/x]sf 5g\ . xfd|f lktfk'vf{x¿ sfd / dfds} vf]hLdf adf{, e'6fg / ef/tsf s'gfsfKrf rfxfb{} lx“8] . ul/a
ePsfn] g} uf]vf{nLx¿ nfx'/] eP/ a]nfotLx¿sf] aGb's af]s]/ leotgfd, dnfof / af]lg{of]sf hËn l5rf]n] .
xªsª, l;Ëfk'/, a'|gfO{ / ;f/f o''/f]k, c:6«]lnof clg cd]l/sfel/ g]kfnLx¿ ul/aLsf] 3fp lgsf] kfg{ 3'ld/x]sf
5g\ . agf/;sf] ubf}lnof/f]8df e]l6Psf] Tof] o'js ef/tsf xf]6n / km\ofS6/Lx¿df cefjsf] cf]vtL vf]Hg]
nfvf}“ …sfG5fÚ / …axfb'/Ú g]kfnLx¿dWo] Ps lyof] .
ubf}lnof–/f]8glhs}sf] csf]{ rf]saf6 ;f]em} ;f/gfy hfg] 6]Dkf] kfOg] /x]5 . eujfg\ uf}td a'4n] k|yd wdf{]kb]z
u/]sf] ;f/gfy af}4 wdf{jnDaLx¿sf] Ps dxŒjk"0f{ tLy{:yn xf] . of] agf/;af6 clns pQ/k"j{l:yt ;fgf] ufp“
xf], t/ clxn] of] agf/;;“u k"/} hf]l8Psf] / ;x/Ls/0f ePsfn] ufp“h:tf] b]lv“b}g . ;f/gfy hfg] af6}df d}n]
sfd ug{] ;+:yf P;cf]P; afnu|fdsf] Ps zfvf /x]5 .
;f/gfydf xft] tfgdf a'lgPsf agf/;L ;f8L a'Ì] ljZjk|l;4 sflnu8Lsf] gd'gf ;lhn} b]Vg kfOG5 .
;f/gfydf eujfg\ a'4n] cfk\mgf kf“r r]nfx¿nfO{ k|ydkN6 wdf{]kb]z u/]sf] :yfg, d}q]o a'4sf] dlGb/, hfkfgL
dlGb/, af}4 dxfljxf/, czf]s:tDe cflb ljz]if dxŒjsf 7fp“ 5g\ . Pp6f :yfgLo ufO8n] xfdLnfO{ ;:t}df
3'dfOlbof] . lxGbL af]Ng] / a'‰g]sf nflu Toxf“ ufO8x¿ cToGt yf]/} k};fdf 3'dfOlbg tof/ x'g] /x]5g\ .
lgs}a]/ aflx/k]m/ 3'd]/ clg sltko k'/ftflŒjs dxŒjsf 7fp“x¿ x]/]/ ufO8sf ;fy xfdL ;f/gfyleq k|j]z
u¥of}“ . Toxf“sf] czf]s:tDe, d}q]o a'4sf] dlGb/, a'4n] k|yd wdf{]kb]z lbPsf] 7fp“ / laxf/x¿sf v08x/ x]g{}
kg{] 7fp“x¿ x'g\ . xfdL Toxf“sf] ;kmf / xl/of] rp/df lgs}a]/ klN6of}“ / cfk"m;“u NofPsf vfhf vfof}“ . o'/f]k]nL
/ Pl;ofnL ko{6sx¿ lgs} eP klg eL8ef8, xf]xNnf / kmf]xf]/ x'g] u/L Tof] ;ª\Vof lyPg .
:ju{af6 Psl5g 3'Dg eg]/ ef/tLo k6\7Lsf] ¿k wf/0f u/]/ cfPsf cK;/fx¿ xl/of] rp/df xf“;sf rfnn]
otfptf ul//x]sf lyP . nf]eL ef/tLo k6\7fx¿ cln k/k/af6 y's lgNb} cl3 a9\y] .
ptf ;'lsnf ;f8Ldf a]l/Psf e2f / s'¿k df]6L cfOdfO{x¿ cfkm\gf tfn'v'On] / e'“8] nf]Ug]x¿nfO{ e]§fpg
sGb}sGb} lx“8\y] . lognfO{ klg 3'Dg'kg{] †
;f/gfysf] :juL{o cfgGb lgs}a]/ n'6]/ dfq xfdL kl/;/aflx/ lg:Sof}“ . ef]s hfUg yfn]sf] lyof] . t/
;f/gfydf clns /fd|f xf]6n / /]:6'/f“x¿ cToGt dx“uf . To;}n] xfdL ;f]em} SofG6lt/ xflÌof}“ . SofG6df
a;:6]G8g]/ xfd|f] O6x/Lsf] xL/f xf]6nh:tf] ;fgf] xf]6ndf vfgf vfof}“ .
agf/;;“usf] xfd|f] chDd/L ;fOgf] 5, t/ d]/f] k':tfn] agf/;nfO{ dfof dfg{ yfn]sf] b]V5' d . g]kfnL
efiff;flxTosf] Oltxf;df agf/;n] u/]sf] of]ubfg, g]kfnsf] k|hftflGqs / sDo'lg:6 cfGbf]ngnfO{ k'¥ofPsf] u'g
slxNo} la;L{g;Sg' t 5“b} 5, xfd|f afa'afh]x¿n] wd{, 1fg / r]tgf o;} ;x/af6 a6'n]/ ufp“ufp“ k|sfzdo
kf/]sf] b[Zo ;a}sf cufl8 5 . SofG6sf] /]nj] :6];gaf6 agf/;lt/ kms{]/ k]ml/ PskN6 d]/f lktfk'vf{n] 1fgsf]
ef]sdf ef}“tfl/Psf uNnL / pxf“x¿n] s'Nr]sf] w"nfnfO{ gla;{g] k|lt1f ub{} d cf“;'n] 8A8afPsf cf“vfn]
agf/;;“u labf dfUb} lyP“ .
32
;Ltf d]/f] efjeª\ludf b]v]/ cndndf kl//x]sL lyOg\ . wldlnPsf cf“vf af]s]/ d}n] Kn]6kmfd{sf] lemlnldnLdf
/dfp“b} plk|m/x]sf cfkm\gf 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ x]l//x]“ .

!*= rd]nLafO{ wd{zfnf

lxhf] uofaf6 d'un;/fo cfp“bf 6«]gsf] cfdL{–l8Aafdf r9\bf ePsf] ;xh ofqfnfO{ ;Dem]/ Onfxfafb hfg klg
cfdL{ l8Aafd} rl9x]¥of}“ . k"hf / cg'hfsf] l;sf? lxGbL af]nL ;'g]/ xf]nf ef/tLo ;}lgsx¿n] xfdLnfO{ ;xh}
:jLsf/ u/] . o; /]nofqfdf b'O{hgf dWok|b]zsf ef/tLo k"j{;}lgs;“u kl/of] . a8f] pHofnf / km/fl;nf /x]5g\
ltgLx¿ . pgLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ ofqfdf xf]l;of/L ckgfpg'kg{] w]/} s'/fx¿ l;sfP . ;fgf] uNnLdf gk:g], ;fgf]
xf]6ndf gvfg], ;fgf] nhdf ga:g] cflb . o:tf sd rNtLsf 7fp“df gof“ dflg;x¿ 7uL / n'6kf6df kg{]
Hofbf vt/f x'G5 eg]/ ltgn] eg]sf lyP .
xfd|f ;xofqLx¿ Onfxfafbaf6 glhs}sf] ufp“sf /x]5g\ / pgLx¿ cfk\mgf 3/ cfh} k'Ug] /x]5g\ . d}n] ltgnfO{
x]/]“ M Pp6f To:t} krkÌ jif{sf] b'Anf]kftnf] / sfnf]sfnf] / csf{] clns xf]rf]–df]6f] lyof] . ;fob xf]rf]rflx“
lrgL of o:t} s'g} /f]un] kLl8t lyof] . ltgLx¿sf] njfOvjfO x]bf{ ufp“lt/ b'Mv;'v u'hf/F u/]/ a;]sf 5g\
eÌ] nfUYof] .
Onfxfafbsf] k'/fgf] gfd k|ofu xf] . d'un afbzfx csa/n] ;g\ !%&% df cNnfxafb gfd lbPkl5 o;n] of]
gfd cem;Dd af]ls/x]sf] 5 . Onfxfafbdf ljZjk|l;4 hfdf dl:hb / Onfxfafb ljZjljBfno 5g\ .
b'Anf]rflx“n] Onfxfafbsf] Oltxf; atfof] .
1fgk'/, uf]kLk'/h:tf ;fgfltgf ;x/ l5rf]Nb} 6«]g Onfxfafbglhs cfOk'U5 . ;f“emsf] lemlnldnL k/}af6 eJo
b]lvG5 . Onfxfafbg]/ uËf tl/G5 . xfdLn] o;kN6sf] ofqfdf efunk'/df / agf/;sf] /fh3f6df u/L b'O{k6s
uËf tl/;s]sfn] of] t];|f] uËft/fO eO/x]sf] lyof] . klxnf] kN6 tbf{ a;af6 efunk'/sf] eJotf b]Vg kfOPsf]
lyof], bf];|f]kN6 6]Dkf]af6 8/nfUbf] cUnf] k'ndflyaf6 lbgsf] ;dodf uËflsgf/sf cgluGtL dgf]xf/L 3f6x¿ /
/fdgu/kl§sf] ;'Gb/tf b]Vg kfOPsf] lyof] eg] of] t];|f] kN6sf] b[Zo cl3Nnf kN6eGbf ;j{yf leÌ lyof] .
6«]gaf6 Onfxfafbsf] lah'nLsf] lemlnldnL crDdsf] rdsbf/ b]lvGYof] . b;}“ glhls“b} uPsfn] Totfsf] tof/L
x]l//x"“ nfUg] lyof] . ;8ssf b'j}tkm{ b]lvP;Dd k/k/ klg nfdfnfdf 6Ø'anfO6x¿ h8fg ul/Psf . ;+;f/
pHofnfsf] ;fd|fHo ePsf] lyof] .
xfdL pgLx¿;“u labfjf/L eof}“ . ;f“emsf] ;f9] ;ft ah]sf] x'“bf] xf], tL b'O{ ;d]t Onfxfafbd} pqg] /x]5g\ . tL
b'O{ k"j{;}lgsn] xfdLnfO{ jf; a:g rd]nLafO{ wd{zfnfdf a]; x'G5 eg] . ltgLx¿n] l;kmfl/; u/]sf] wd{zfnfsf
nflu 6]Dkf] r9\g nfu]sf lyof}“ tL k]ml/ cfOk'u] . ;“u} vfhf vfP/ dfq 5'6\l6cf}“ eg]/ ltgn] l9kL s;] . xfdL
dfg]gf}“ . lrof;Dd t vfcf}“ eÌ yfn] . xfdLn] klxn] jf; clg c¿ s'/f ug{] eGof}“ . ltgn] xfdLnfO{ Pp6f
6]Dkf]df r9fP, ef8f slt xf] eg]/ klxNo} ;f]lwlbP, xfdLnfO{ rd]nLafO{ wd{zfnfsf] 7Ls cufl8 /f]lslbg" eg],
clg dfq tL cfk\mgf] af6f] nfu] .
ltgLx¿ 7u x'g ;S5g\\ eg]/ xfdL 8/fpg yfn]sf lyof}“ t/ lar/fx¿sf] dgdf kfk /x]g5 . rd]nLafO{
wd{zfnf k|ofu hfg] ;8sd} kbf{] /x]5 . ef]ln xfdL k|ofu hfg nfu]sf] s'/f ltgnfO{ atfPsfn] ltgn] xfdLnfO{
To; wd{zfnfdf a:g pko'St x'g] l;kmfl/; u/]sf /x]5g\ .
rd]nLafO{ wd{zfnf /]nj] :6];gaf6 vf;} 6f9f xf]Og /x]5 . Joj:yfks;“u xfdLnfO{ rflxg] vfnsf] sf]7fsf]
dfu u¥of}“ . 7"nf] eP/ klg wd{zfnfsf sf]7fx¿ cToGt kmf]x/ / cJojl:yt lyP . xkxk udL{ 5, dflg;x¿
htftt} ;'lt/x]sf M sf]7f, cf“ug / a/G8fx¿df klg . o;f] x]bf{ sltko JolStx¿ Toxf“ :yfoL ¿kn] a;]sf
h:tf b]lvGy] . ltgLx¿n] cfk"m a:g] sf]7fsf ‰ofndf kbf{ xfn]sf lyP / 9f]sfcufl8 8f]/d]6 /fv]]sf lyP .
e'O“tnfdf rflx“ dflg; t s] ;'“u'/ /fVg klg gldNg] sf]7f / kmlg{r/ b]Vtf xfdL cflQof}“ . t/ ;a} sf]7f
dflg;n] cf]ul6/fv]sf lyP .

33
dflyNnf] tNnfsf] cj:yf eg] s]xL /fd|f] lyof] t}klg Toxf“ l;lnªdf em'G8\ofOPsf k\mofg 3'Db}gy] . dflg; r9\bf
nrsnrs ug{] vf6 clg aGb ug'{ / v'nf /fVg'df vf;} km/s gkg{] ‰ofn . ;f“u'/f g ;f“u'/f sf]7f 5g\, s'gf /
e'O“ kfg y's]/ / r'/f]6sf 6'j|mf kmfn]/ crDdvfn] b'u{Gw cfO/x]sf] . sf]7fsf s'gfdf la:s'6, v}gL, 6'yk]:6 /
cg]s yf]ssf vf]n, klqsf tyf sfutsf 6'j|mf k\mof“lsPsf, . t];|f] tNnf kf6Lh:tf] lyof] . dflg;x¿
xfd|flt/sf em}“ bfp/fn] eft ksfO/x]sf clg htftt} kmf]xf]/, w"nf] / v/fgL dfq . oqf] ;x/ 5, glhs} hËn
klg 5}g, t/ klg oxf“ ltgLx¿ bfp/f afln/x]sf . k'm;|f e';lt3|]x¿ / hf]uLh:tf b]lvg] o'jfx¿ otfplt e'O“df
k;fl/O/x]sf . s;}nfO{ s;}sf] dtna 5}g . x]b{} 8/nfUbf / 3'/]/ x]g{] dflg;x¿ klg otfplt 6xNb} 5g\ .
dflyNnf] tnfsf afy?ddf kfgL cfp“bf] /x]g5 . wf/fx¿ w]/} cufl8b]lv aGb ePsf x'g'k5{ . rkL{df lb;fsf
ln“8 ;'s]/ u'O“7f ePsf lyP . e'O“tnfsf] afy?ddf k:tf tLgrf/cf]6f wf/f b]lvP . Toxf“ b;kGw|hgf nf]Ug]
dflg;x¿ g'xfO/x]sf lyP eg] …:qL :gfgfuf/Úaf6 leh]sf] skfn ePsf cfOdfO{x¿ leq–aflx/ ul//x]sf lyP .
wd{zfnfsf] Ps 5]pdf nx/} rf/kf“rcf]6f rkL{ lyP . rkL{g]/ l6gsf] 7"nf] 9\jfª lyof] . To;sf] lk“wdf kfgL
lyof] . dflg;x¿ ;fgf] 6'dn]6df To;af6 clnslt kfgL lems]/ af]sL vfnL x'g] rkL{df kl;xfNy] .
Dofg]h/ cfk}“mn] vfnL /x]sf sf]7f ;a} b]vfof] . k|To]s sf]7f csf{]eGbf cem g/fd|f] / ;fgf] nfUYof] . cGTodf
Pp6f ;fgf] g ;fgf] Rofkhqf] sf]7f xfdLn] /f]Hg'k¥of] . To;df d'l:snn] b'O6f ;fgf;fgf vf6 c6]sf lyP .
xfd|f ;fdfg vf6d'lg /fVg'kg{] b]lvof] . a'?;, dGhg, tfnf, P]gf cflb ‰ofndf /fVof}“ . sf]7f a's ug'{eGbf
klxn] d Psl5gsf nflu aflx/ lg:s]“ . ;LtfnfO{ sf]7}df al;/xg / Dofg]h/ cfP/ k};f hDdf ug{ jf sf]7f
vfnL ug{ eg]df pxf“ gcfpGh]n d s]xL ug{ ;lStg“ eÌ" eg]/ d lx“8]“ . clns k/ k'u]kl5 Totfsf
k;n]x¿nfO{ jf; a:g pko'St /fd|f] wd{zfnf jf nhsf] af/]df ;f]w]“ . pgLx¿n] k]ml/ rd]nLafO{ wd{zfnf g}
pko'St ynf] xf] eg]–
…efO{ hL † cfk ;kl/jf/ cfo] x}+ . ;a ;] cx+ aft ;'/Iffsf x} . O;lno] lhtgf eL xf] tslnkm ;xs/ jxL+
7x/gf plrt x} .Ú
glhssf s'g} Jojl:yt nhx¿df xQkQ o;/L ca]/ eO;s]kl5 sf]7f gkfOg] /x]5 . ca dl;t csf{] s'g}
pkfo af“sL lyPg . ;Lw} /]nj] :6];g uP/ ef]ln laxfgdfq k'lug] s'g} :yfgsf] ofqf yfNg' kf] plrt xf] ls
h:tf] klg nfUg yfNof] . laxfg ;a]/}b]lv agf/;sf] udL{df 3'd]sf] 3'd]s} eOPsf] lyof], ca /ftel/ 6«]gdf ofqf
ug{' csf{] dxfb'Mv xf]nf eÌ] nfUof] .
k]ml/ kms{]/ wd{zfnf cfP/ sf]7f a's u/]“ . sf]7fdf cfP/ kª\vf x]5'{, An]8x¿ xftn] 3'dfPsf eGbf l9nf] u/L
3'ld/x]sf 5g\ . nfdv'§]sf] eL8n] lax]sf] ;xgfO{ ahfO/x]sf] 5 . udL{ klg cfk\mgf] sfo{ /fd|/L ul//x]sf] 5 .
cfhsf] ;f“em g'xfpg] / n'uf w'g] emGem6 klg gkg{] b]lvof] .
xfdL sf]7fsf] …Joj:yfÚ eO;s]kl5 vfgf vfg eg]/ lg:Sof}“ . clns klt{/ Pp6f ;:ofgf] / Jo:t t/ ;kmf
xf]6n /x]5 . dflg;x¿ vfg]n] vfO/x]sf, af“8\g]n] af“l8/x]sf . b[Zo x]g{nfos lyof] . xfdLn] klg bfneft, bxL,
kfk8 / ;'Vvf /f]6L cflbsf] c8{/ lbof}“ . cf/fd;“u dL7f] vfgf vfof}“ . pQ/L ef/tsf xf]6ndf vfgf vfg' /
xfd|f ;x/L xf]6ndf vfg'df vf;} km/s cg'e"lt gx'g] .
…a? Psl5g xf]6nd} kª\vfd'lg cf/fd u/]sf] eP x'g] .Ú kms{“bf af6fdf ;Ltfn] elgg\ .
wd{zfnfsf] Dofg]h/jl/kl/ lgs}hgf ef/tLox¿ lyP . of] Dofg]h/ wd{, bz{g / hLjgsf af/]df rfvnfUbf s'/f
u5{ h:tf] lyof] . p;nfO{ Onfxfafb cfpgfsf] p2]Zo atfpg'df d}n] s'g} v/faL b]lvg“ . s'g} cf}krfl/stf
lgjf{x gu/Lsg ;f]w–]“ …Onfxfafbdf gx]/L gx'g] s]s] 7fp“ 5g\ xf]nf <Ú
…b]vg] nfos hux tf] ax't x} efO{ oxf“ † ox Onfxfafb x} . ef/t sf :jtGqtf ;ª\uf| dsf /fhwfgL x} ox
zx/ . g]x¿ sf 3/ x} ox . ufGwLsf b";/f 3/ x} ox . cfh sf dWok|b]z cf}/ pQ/k|b]z /fhwfgL yf ox
nDaL ;do ts .Ú pm /fhgLltsf s'/f lgsfNg yfNof] . aLh]kL / sfª\u|];sf s'/f lgsfNof] clg p;n] k|fGt
6'lj|mPsf] k|;Ë sf]6Øfpg yfNof] . pm pQ/f~rnnfO{ /fHo;Dd dfÌ :jLsfbf{] /x]g5 . pm eGb} uof]–
…pQ/fv08sf] /fhgLlt ck/fwL, 7u, e|i6frf/L / u'08fx¿sf] O;f/fdf rNg yfn]sfn] o:tf] lbg cfof] . x]b{}
hfgf];\ efO, Tof] euf}8f pQ/fv08 s'g} lbg k]ml/ pQ/k|b]zsf] kfpdf z/0f kg{ cfpg]5 M afaf d tkfO{“af6
cnu eP/ a:g g;Sg] /x]5', d]/f] gfbfgLsf nflu dfkm ul/lbg'xf];\ eGb} .Ú

34
 dnfO{ p;sf] k|fGtLo /fhgLlt;“u s'g} lng'lbg' lyPg . pm lgs} pT;flxt x'“b} dnfO{ ;Demfpg sf]l;;
ul//x]sf] lyof] . d}n] cfk\mgf] p2]Zo k]ml/ /fv]“– …of] tkfO{“x¿sf] dfdnf . dnfO{ t ef]ln Onfxfafb 3'Dg' 5 .
s'gs'g 7fp“ 3'Dg}kg{] xf]nfg\ <Ú
p;n] k|ofu / cfgGbejgs} s'/f ;aeGbf klxn] /fVof] . clg czf]s–:tDe, csa/sf] /fhdxnsf] v08x/ /
c¿ s]s] yKof] . xfdL g]kfnaf6 3'Dg cfPsf eGbf p;n] :j/ k]m/]/ laGtLsf] efÈfdf eGof]–
…efO † d tkfO{“nfO{ Pp6f laGtL u5'{, tkfO{“ dxfb;}“sf] d'vdf o; ;'Gb/ ;x/df cfpg'ePsf] 5, s[kf u/]/
gjdL;Dd oxL“ a:g'xf];\ . Toqf] 6f9f g]kfnb]lv cfpg'ePsf] /x]5, k]ml/ o; ;dodf cfpg cg's"ntf k5{–kb{}g,
cfPsf] a]nf a? Psb'O{ /ft oxL“ a;]/ xfd|f] /fd–/dfOnf]df efu lng'xf];\ . ;8sx¿df ev{/ dflg;x¿
pT;jsf] tof/L ub{} 5g\ . dxfgjdLsf] lbg Onfxfafbn] :ju{nfO{ oxL“ cf]/fN5 .Ú
…To;f] ug{ kfP t v'a /dfOnf] x'g] lyof] xf]nf . t/ d t c¿ lgs} 7fp“ 3'd]/ b;}“ dfÌ 3/} kms'{“nf eG7fGb} 5'
====.Ú
pm xf“:of] . pm k]ml/ uDeL/ eP/ af]Ng yfNof]– …ofqf eg]sf] uf8L r9]/ k/k/ k'Ug'dfq xf]Og . ofqf eg]sf] t
s'g} 7fp“sf] cfTdf :kz{ ug'{ xf], To; 7fp“;“u s]xL dfUg' / s]xL lbg' xf] . tkfO{“ cfh Onfxfafbdf ev{/ cfP/
jf; a:g'ePsf] 5, ef]ln laxfg ;a]/} tkfO{“ lbNnL nfUg'xf]nf, s] ca tkfO{“n] d Onfxfafb 3'd]sf] 5' eÌ
;Sg'x'G5 < cx“ . o;/L ofqf ug'{ eg]sf] t hLpnfO{ b'Mv lbg' dfq xf] . tkfO{“ b'O{rf/ lbg oxL“ a:g'xf];\ . cfh
Onfxfafb elgg] Ps dxfg\ e"lddf jf; ug{ cfOk'Ug'ePsf] 5, o; e"ldsf] dxfgtf 5f]P/ dfq tkfO{“ kms{g'xf]; \
. b;}“sf] tof/L t tkfO{“sf] ufp“;x/df klg cfk\mg} tl/sfn] ul/“b} xf]nf . rf8af8 dfÌsf nflu ;fyLefO,
cfkmGt / 3/kl/jf/n] tkfO{“x¿ pxL“ kms{g'x'g] ck]Iff cjZo ubf{ x'g\ . Tolt ck]Iff g} s;}n] ub{}g eg] cfk\mgf
eg]/ ltgnfO{ lsg 7flg/xg' lg † t/ x]gf{];\, xfd|f] cfb/0fLo kfx'gf x'g'x'G5, tkfO{“nfO{ Onfxfafbn] o;
wd{zfnfsf] b'Mv, cJoj:yf / ps';d'[s';dfq lrgfP/ kms{g lbg ldNb}g, xfdL o; g]kfnL kl/jf/nfO{
Onfxfafbsf] tkm{af6 Ps eJo bzdL kj{ lbg]5f}“ .Ú
jl/kl/ plePsf sfnfsfnf ef/tLox¿n] xf]df xf] ldnfP . ;a}n] Ps :j/df s/fP– …tkfO{“x¿n] o; jif{sf] b;}“
Onfxfafbdf xfdL;“u dgfpg'k5{, slt /dfOnf] x'G5 oxf“ † b;}“ dgfpg cldtfe aRrg t aDaO{b]lv oxf“
cfp“5g\ †Ú
s]xL cl3;Dd ltgLx¿ lgs} sfnf, d}nf / s'¿k lyP, x]bf{x]b{} ltgLx¿ t d]/} dfjnL–;;'/fnLsf h:tf dgkg{]
cg'xf/sf b]lvg yfn] . km/fs 5ftL, rlDsnf cf“vf, pHofnf dl:tis, ;'lsnf dg af]s]sf tL ef/tLo dnfO{
;fx«} dg k/] . cfTd;Ddfg, ;fd"lxstfsf] efjgf / cfk\mgf] /Lltlyltk|lt cyfx >4fk]|d ePsf] JolStn] dfq
csf{] 7fp“sf dflg;nfO{ o;/L lgDtf ug{ hfGb5 . dnfO{ dflg;sf] z/L/ Pp6f dfq ePsf] ;Ton] 3f]Rg yfNof]
. d Ps} ;dodf Onfxfafbsf] b;}“df af“Rg rfxGy]“, cfkm\gf] ufp“3/df /dfP/ b;}“sf hd/f klxg{ rfxGy]“,
ef/te|d0f ug{ rfxGy]“ / d]/f] tnasf] kl/lwleqsf cGo /x/nfO{ klg ;fsf/ kfg{ rfxGy]“ . u|Lsx¿n] Ars
longa vita brosis -hLjg 5f]6f] 5, hfÌ' w]/}_ hLjgsf o:t} cj:yfsf nflu eg]sf /x]5g\ .

pgLx¿n] xfdLnfO{ ef]lnkN6 k|ofu / cfgGbejgsf] e|d0f ug{ eg] . d pgLx¿sf] k|]d kfP/ wgL eP“ .
/ftsf] sl/a P3f/ ah] xfdL nfdv'§] eufpg] w"k afn]/ ;'Tof}“ . ;'Tof}“ klg s] eÌ', kl;gf k'5\t} 9lNsO/x\of}“ .

!(= k];]Gh/ d}bfg uO{ x}

@)^@ c;f]h @@ ut] zlgjf/ cyf{t\ xfd|f] ofqfsf] kf“rf}“ lbgsf] laxfg xfdL ;w}“eGbf l56f] u/L p7Øf}“ . laxfg
eg]/ s] ug'{, udL{ slt eg] † xfdL kf]sfk'Gt'/f 7Ls kf/]/ wd{zfnfaf6 labf eof}“ . :gfgfuf/df eL8ef8 eP
klg xftd'v w'gsf nflu eg] df}sf kfOof] . xfdL uËf:gfgsf nflu hfg nfu]sfn] lrofrd]gf s]xL gu/L
k|ofuwfdlt/ nfUof}“ .

35
k|ofuwfd cyf{t\ :yfgLo gfd ;Ëd . uËf, od'gf / ;/:jtL gbLsf] lqj]0fL . zf:qjl0f{t ;/:jtL gbL oxf“
e"ldut eP/ ldl;g cfp“l5g\ eÌ] ljZjf; 5 . dflg;x¿ kmf§k'm§ dfq lx“8\b} lyP . xfdL ;a]/} Toxf“ k'u]sf
eP/ dfq xf]Og, of] ;do k|ofubz{gsf] rNtLsf] ;do geP/ klg xf] . b;}“cufl8sf] o; ;dodf pQ/L
ef/tsf ;a} ufp“ / ;x/df ef/tLox¿ b'uf{k"hfsf] tof/Ldf nfUg] ePsfn] k|ofudf tLy{ofqL w]/} x'“b}gg\ .
xfdL r9]sf] 6]Dkf]df laxf/Lx¿sf] Ps kl/jf/ klg lyof] . nf]Ug]dflg; laxf/s} s'g} sn]hsf] n]Sr// x“' eGYof] /
:jf:gLrflx“ lgs} af7L x'“ eÌ] / ukmf8L lyO{ . b'O6f afx«–t]x«a;{] 5f]/f5f]/L cª\u|]hL dfWodsf] :s'ndf k9\b}
u/]sf h:tf nfUy] . ltgLx¿sf] rfn9fn / njfO x]bf{ /fd|} cfly{s x}l;otsf x'g'k5{ eÌ] nfUYof] . b'j}
nf]Ug]:jf:gL;“u df]afOn kmf]g lyof] . 5f]/frflx“n] l8lh6n Sofd/f le/]sf] lyof] . To;afx]s xfdL;“u ofqf ug{]df
rf/hgf pl8of s]6fx¿ lyP . ltgLx¿ ev{/ sn]haf6 lg:s]sf / ;}lgs ;]jfdf k|j]zsf nflu 5gf]6 eO{
tflnds]Gb|df l/kf]6{ ug'{cl3 3'Dg oxf“ cfPsf lyP . s]6fx¿ lxGbL, aËfnL, cª\u|]hL / pl8of efÈf af]Ng ;Sy]
. dafx]s 6]Dkf]sf ;a} ofq' hLjgdf klxnf] kN6 k|ofu bz{gfy{ cfPsf lyP .
xfdL ;Ëddf cfOk'u]/ 6]Dkf]af6 cf]ln{of}“ . s]6fx¿ xfd|f ;fgf 5f]/Lx¿;“u /dfOnf] dfg]/ af]nrfn ug{ yfn] .
pgLx¿ xfdL g]kfnL xf}“ eÌ] yfxf kfPkl5 g]kfnsf] af/]df hfÌ pT;'s b]lvP . s]6fx¿ lgs} ;'Gb/, k'mlt{nf /
km/fl;nf lyP . ltgLx¿ xfdL;“u cª\u|]hLdf s'/f uy{] . lxGbLeGbf cª\u|]hL af]Ng ltgnfO{ ;lhnf] nfu]sf]
b]lvGYof] . ltgLx¿n] g]kfn cfpg lehf sxf“ lng'k5{, lbNnLd} cyjf ;Ldfdf eg]/ ;f]w] . ef/tLox¿nfO{ xfd|f
b'O{ b]zsf aLrsf] ;DaGwsf] af/]df cToGt yf]/} yfxf 5 . d}n] g]kfn hfg s'g} klg ef/tLonfO{ s'g} k|sf/sf]
lehf jf kf;kf]6{ rflx“b}g t/ clxn] g]kfnsf] kl/l:ylt c;xh ePsfn] cfk\mgf] kl/ro v'Ng] s'g} cflwsfl/s
k|df0fkq af]s]/ lx“8\g' /fd|f] x'G5 eg]“ . xfdL g]kfnLnfO{ g} klg b]zleq cfjthfjt ug'{kbf{ cr]n ;xh gePsf]
klg eg]“ . x/]s ef/tLon] hLjgdf sf7df8f}“, kf]v/f, hgsk'/ / dfpG6 Pe/]:6sf] k]mbsf] gfDr] k'Ug}k5{ eÌ]
d]/f] cfu|x pgLx¿;dIf /fVg klg lal;{g“ . cfkm}“ gfDr] gk'u]sf] d, pgLx¿nfO{ s;/L Toxf“ k'Ug …slGeG;Ú ug{
;Sy]“ /, t}klg pgLx¿nfO{ snsQfaf6 sf7df8f}“ / kf]v/f 3'Dg uf8Lef8f s]slt nfU5, ;Ldfdf s]–s;f]
ug'{k5{, k};f sxf“ / s;/L ;f6\g'k5{ clg s'g efiffdf s'/f ug{' 7Ls x'G5 cflb atfP“ .
d]/f] s'/f ;'g]kl5 ltgLx¿n] Ps–cfk;df eg]– …g]kfn t PskN6 hfg}kg{] /x]5 .Ú
xfdL od'gf gbLsf] lsgf/df k'Uof}“ . Toxf“af6 Ps lsnf]ld6/hlt 8'Ëf r9]/ ;Ëd k'Ug'k5{ . xfdL 8'Ëfsf] ef8fdf
df]ndf]nfO ug{ yfNof}“ . dfemLx¿n] k|ltJolSt gAa] ?lkof“ ef8f nfU5 eg] . lgs}a]/ df]ndf]nfO rNof] t/ s'/f
ldn]g, laxf/Lx¿rflx“ krxQ/ ?lkof“ ltg{ ;xdt eP . pgLx¿ uOxfn] . d}n] s]6fx¿nfO{ eg]“– …xfdL 5hgf
5f}“, logLx¿ bnfnL u¥of] eg] k|ltJolSt b; ?lkof“df nfg tof/ x'G5g\ .Ú
s]6fx¿n] d]/f s'/f s;/L kTofpg\ † t}klg cf}krfl/stfjz ltgn] d]/f] s'/f ;'g] . d}n] 8'ËfjfnfnfO{ eg]“– …nfg]
xf] eg] xfdL olt 5hgf 5f}“, hgfsf] b; ?lkof“n] nu gq a? lx“8]/} hfG5f}“ .Ú
pgLx¿ hgfsf] k}“tfnL; ?lkof“df nfg tof/ eP . s]6fx¿ hfcf}“ eÌ yfn] . d}n] ltgnfO{ aNnaNn /f]s]“ . k]ml/
df]ndf]nfO rNof] . dfemLx¿ kRrL; ?lkof“df nUg tof/ eP . lx“8]/} uP klg uËf:gfg ug{ k08fx¿n] hgfsf]
;f9] afO; ?lkof“ 3f6b:t'/ lnOxfN5g\ eg]/ dfemLn] eg] . s]6fx¿ Pskl5 csf{] /]6 ;'g]/ 5Ss k/] . ca
s]6fx¿ hfcf}“ ls hfcf}“ eÌ yfn] . dfemLx¿ cem} df]ndf]nfO ug{] xf] eg] ;/sf/L b//]6cg';f/sf] krxQ/
?lkof“ nfU5 eÌ yfn] . xfdL lx“8]/} hfG5f}“ eg]/ lx“8Øf}“ . clns k/ k'u]kl5 s]6fx¿nfO{ a]sf/df oL g]kfnLsf
kl5 nfluP5 eÌ] nfUg yfln;s]sf] lyof] . t/ Ps} l5gdf dfemLx¿ cfP, ltgLx¿ kGw| ?lkof“df nfg tof/
eP/ cfPsf lyP . s]6fx¿sf] cg'xf/ pHoflnof] .
k"hf / cg'hf klxnf] kN6 8'Ëf r9]sf lyP . pgLx¿ clncln 8/fPsf lyP . ;Ltf o;cl3 klg rl9;s]sL
ePsfn] 8/fPsL b]lvOgg\ . afpÌ ;fnsf] s'/f, km]jftfndf 8'ª\uf ef8fdf lnP/ cfkm}“ lvofpg dnfO{ dg
nfu]sf] lyof] . ;Ltf t gfO“gfO“, x'“b}g–x'“b}g eGb} lyOg\ t/ lkmlndx¿df gof“ hf]8Ln] u/]h:tf] gf}sflaxf/ ug{]
/x/n] d}n] hah{:tL pgnfO{ 8'ª\ufdf r9fP“ . cfkm}“ lvofP/ Ps 306f jf/kf/ / j/k/ u/fPsf], ;Ltfsf]
efn];ftf] p8\of] . …gf}sflaxf/sf] cfgGb lng] sfo{j|mdÚ ;s]/ lsgf/df lg:s]kl5 ;Ltf nfdf] ;f; tfGb} af]n]sL
lyOg\– …cfh klg af“lrof] .Ú oxf“ klg u¨f / od'gfsf] ljzfn hn/flz cf“vfjl/kl/ b]Vtf pgsf] dg k"0f{
;Gt'ngdf lyPg xf]nf . ef/tLo s]6fx¿ xfdL;“u ofqf ug{ kfPsfdf ca v';L eP . xfdL klg pgLx¿nfO{
;fyL kfp“bf v';L lyof}“ .
;Ëd k'Uof}“ . ;Ëddf uËf / od'gfsf] kfgL k|:6 5'l§GYof] . uËfsf] kfgL clns b'lwnf] lyof], To;df dl;gf]
afn'jfsf] dfqf lyof] . hd'gfsf] kfgL clns ;ª\nf] / gLnf] lyof] . uËfsf] axfj hd'gfsf] eGbf s8f nfu] klg
36
tL b'O{ gbLsf] ;Ëddf Psk|sf/sf] e'd/L kbf{] /x]5 . dflg;x¿ s] eGbf /x]5g\ eg] oxf“ lqj]0fLdf ldl;Psf
uËf / hd'gfsf] kfgL agf/;df ;d]t cnucnu b]Vg ;lsG5 . To:tf] s'/f agf/;d} x“'bf ;'Ì kfPsf] eP
Vofn ul/GYof] xf]nf . b'O{ gbLsf] kfgL ldl;g ;d]t olt sl7g x'G5 eg] dflg;sf ljrf/x¿ sxf“ ;xh} ldN5g\
/†
xfdLn] uËfhd'gfsf] ;Ëddf g'xfpg] of]hgf agfPsf lyof}“ t/ Toxf“ g'xfPafkt hgfsf] b; ?lkof“ ltg'{kg{] s'/f]
;'Gbf dnfO{ p7\g' l/; p7Øf] . hLjge/ d}n] g'xfOcfPsf] kfgL uËfs} xf], d x/lbg uËf:gfg ug{] dflg; x'“
eg]/ k08fx¿nfO{ eg]“ . ;f“Rr} xfd|f] 3/5]psf vf]nfvf]N;fdfq xf]Og, g]kfndf k/]sf] k|To]s yf]kf] kfgL au]/ uO{
uËfd} ldN5 . Toltdfq sxf“ xf] / † x/]s g]kfnL]n] u/]sf] lb;flk;fa / nf; 89fPsf] v/fgL;d]t uP/ uËfd}
ldn]/ kljq u¨f g} aGb5 . ;Ëddf :gfg u/L ;"o{nfO{ gl/jn, b"w / hn r9fof}“ . ;of}“ dflg;x¿ ;¨d:gfg
ul//x]sf lyP . ptf ;¨dsf] lsgf/df klg g'xfpg]x¿sf] p:t} eL8 lyof] . k08fx¿ klg Jo:t, dfemLx¿ klg
Jo:t . t/ ;a}eGbf Jo:t lyP dl;gf s]6fx¿ . dflg;n] ;"o{nfO{ gl/jn / c£o{ r9fp“5g\ . gl/jn aUb}aUb}
cln k/ k'U5 clg s]6fx¿ xfd kmfn]/ Tof] gl/jn ;dft]/ Nofp“5g\ . k]ml/ csf{] JolStnfO{ b; ?lkof“df Tof]
a]R5g\ . gl/jn lsÌ] / a]Rg]sf] Tof] gf6s Psl5g d}n] t jfNn k/]/ x]l//x]“ .
;Ëddf g'xfpg] sfo{j|md ;lsPkl5 xfdL 8'¨f r9]/ la:tf/} kmSof}“{ . lsgf/df cfPkl5 d}n] xfd|f] 6f]nLnfO{ ;d|f6\
czf]sn] agfPsf] lsNnfdf nu]“ . lbg r9\b} uPsfn] cfpg]–hfg]sf] ;ª\Vof a9\b} lyof] . czf]sn] od'gflsgf/df
agfPsf] of] lsNnf eJo 5 . cluNnf] kN6 d cfp“bf lsNnfsf] blIf0fkl§ clnslt au/ lyof] . clxn] gbLn]
To; au/nfO{ s6fg u/L lsNnf;Dd g} cfk\mgf] ;Ldf a9fPsf] lyof] . ljzfn 9'Ëfx¿n] agfPsf] of] lsNnf
cToGt ljzfn / x]g{nfos 5 . leq Pp6f j6j[If 5, :yfgLo dflg;x¿ o;nfO{ cIfoj6 eG5g\ . j/sf] of]
¿v slxNo} gdg{] / ljzfn 5 . j/sf] d"n ¿vsf] k]mbdf clxn] /fd;Ltfsf] e"ldut dlGb/ 5 . xfdLn] To;
u'kmfh:tf] agfOPsf] 9'Ë] e"ldut ;'?ªleq k;]/ dflg;x¿sf] nfdf] nfOgdf kfn};“u b]jtfx¿sf] bz{g u¥of}“ .
lsNnfaflx/ lg:s]/ xfdLn] s]xL kmf]6f lvRof}“ clg af“wlt/ nfUof}“ . af6fsf b'j}lt/ dfUg]x¿sf] nx/ nfdf] g
nfdf] eO;s]sf] /x]5 . xfdLn] s]xL rfgr'g k};f dfUg]x¿nfO{ lbof}“ .
pl8of efOx¿ xtf/df lyP / 5'l§g'kg{] a]nf cfof] . tLgrf/ 306f ;“u} lx“8\b}df xfd|f aLrdf ;DaGw uf9f
eO;s]sf] lyof] . clxn] ;Dem“bf xf“;f] p7\5 t/ 5'l§g'kbf{ xfdLnfO{ To; a]nf b]Vg]]n] xfd|f 5f]/Lx¿ cfk\mgf
sfsf cyjf dfdf;“u ca lgs} jif{sf nflu 5'l§“b} 5g\ eg]/ cg'dfg ug{ k'Uy] . xfd|f] klg xljut p:t}p:t}
lyof] . s]6fx¿ cl3 a9] . ;¨dsf] au/df laxfgsf] 3fd l5lKk“b} lyof] / dflg;x¿sf] eL8ef8 al9/x]sf] lyof]
. ef]s nfu]/ xng6§" eO;lsPsf] lyof] . xfdL ToxL“ a;]/ ;fgf]ltgf] xf]6ndf ef/tLo a|]skmf:6 cyf{t\
k'/Llhn]aL of ;df];f cyjf To:t} s]xL vfg] ;'/df lyof}“ . s]6fx¿af6 5'l§Pkl5 xfdLn] glhs}sf] xf]6ndf k;]/
k'/L–t/sf/L vfof}“ .
clg xfdL d}bfglt/ nfUof}“ . afx«a;{] s'Ded]nf nfUg] ljzfn v'Nnf rp/nfO{ d}bfg elgG5 . d}bfgk|j]zd} tfhf
tyf af;L lb;flk;fasf d"lt{¿kx¿n] af6fsf b'j}tkm{af6 lgs} k/k/;Dd :jfutfyL{ eP/ xfdLnfO{ :jfut
u/]sf lyP . xfd|f ef/tLo ldqx¿ …lb;fd}bfgÚsf nflu gfd'b 5g\ . k|ofusf] of] d}bfg cToGt v'nf 5 .
st{Joaf]wn] cf]tk|f]t ePsf c;n ef/tLox¿n]] o; d}bfgnfO{ ef/tLo z}nLdf ljlzi6 k|of]u ug]{ u/]sf 5g\ .
cl:tsf lbg uof cfOk'Ug'cl3 Pp6f ;fgf] :6];gdf /]n cl8Psf] lyof] . Pp6L cfOdfO{ To;a]nf cfkm\gf] kf]sf]
l;6df /fv]/ l8Aafs} rkL{df k;]sL lyO{ . s]xL gof“ dflg;x¿ 6«]gdf r9]/ xfd|f cufl8sf] To; vfnL l;6df
a:g vf]h] . 5]psL cfOdfO{n] ltgnfO{ /f]St} egL–
…l;6 vfnL gxL+ x}, k];]Gh/ d}bfg uO{ x} =====.Ú
6«]gleqsf] rkL{nfO{ t d}bfg 7fg]/ pkof]u ug{]n] oxf“ oqf] ;SsnL d}bfg g} e]6]kl5 To;} 5f8\nfg\ t <
dnfO{ klxn] d lj/f6gu/sf] df]/ª SofDk;df aLP k9\bfsf] Pp6f ;'Gb/ 36gfsf] ofb cfof] . d To; a]nf
lj/f6gu/b]lv ;Lw} klZrd s];lnof gbLkfl/ ;'g;/Lsf] eLdk'/ eÌ] ufp“df Pshgf v8\sfsf] 3/df a;]/
gfgLx¿ k9fp“y]“ . To;f] u/]afkt d b'O{ 5fs vfgf clg jf; kfp“y]“ . Toxf“ a:tfsf /dfOnf, cfgGbbfos /
:d/0fLo 36gfx¿ w]/} 5g\ t/ Pp6f k|;¨ldNbf] 36gfrflx“ clxNo} ;'gfOxfn"“ .
SofDk; laxfg nfUYof] . laxfg 5 ah] sIff ;'? eP/ P3f/ ah];Dd k9fO rNYof] . lxp“bsf] ;do, laxfg dg
gnfuLgnfuL d kf“r ah] p7\y]“ . d'v w'g}k¥of], rkL{ hfg} k¥of] . rkL{ t lyPg, k/ v]tdf hfg'kYof]{ . zlgjf/
l9nf] p7\tf dfq af“;emfªlt/ uO/xg'kYof]{ .
37
laxfg rf“8} u/]/ eLdk'/af6 lj/f6gu/ nfUg'kYof]{ . lj/f6gu/sf] klZrdkl§ gx/sf] bfof“afof“ cfhsf] h:tf
kSsL 3/ lyPgg\, ef/tLo ldqx¿ / xfd|} dlb;] bfh'efOx¿sf em'k8L3/x¿ lyP . tL 3/x¿ db];sf v]tdf
kfs]sf] wfg ?“Ug wfgsf] nf/–k/fn, 9f]8] / lk7f/Lsf xf“ufx'“uL sf6s'6 kf/]/ Ps 306fdf tof/ kf/]sf] lxp“b]
ofS;fh:tf ;'Gb/ lyP .
laxfgsf] kf}g] 5 ah]lt/ gx/sf] l8ndf cfOk'Ubf c“Wof/} x'GYof] . c“Wof/fsf] ;b'kof]u ug{ :yfgLo dlxnfx¿
n:s/} l8ndf 6j|mØfs6'j|m's Wofgd'b|fdf al;/x]sf x'Gy] . ;fOsnsf] cfjfh / ;fOsndf a;]sf] d]/f] dw'/f]
cfs[lt glhs cfPkl5 pgLx¿ h'?Ss p7\y] / d cufl8 a9]kl5 k'gM cf–cfk\mgf] 7fp“df a;]/ ;fljs sfo{df
nfUy] . dnfO{ gx/}gx/ nueu kf“r–5 ldg]6 ;fOsn s'bfpg'kYof]{ / To; cjlwel/ gx/sf] l8nsf tL ;of}“
cfOdfO{n] p7]/ :jfut;Ddfg ug'{kYof{] . tL cfOdfO{x¿n] x/]s lbg ug{u] /]sf] To; k|sf/sf] clejfbg cfh klg
:jflbnf] ofb ag]/ d]/f] dgleq ;'/lIft 5 . slxn]sfxL“ cln l9nf] eP/ pHofnf] eO;s]sf] a]nf d cfOk'u]“ eg]
gx/sf] To; l8ndf dlxnfx¿sf] kfnf] ;lsP/ k'?ifx¿ a;]sf x'Gy] . c6]/L k'?ifx¿rflx“ laxfgsf] To:tf] :ki6
pHofnfdf dnfO{ Tolt glhs} b]Vtf klg b]v]sf] gb]Vo} u/]/ r'krfk cfk\mgf] nf]xf]6f ;dft]/ a:y] . dnfO{
ckdfgaf]w x'GYof] .
xfdL d}bfgsf] a;kfs{df cfOk'Uof“} . d]/L cfdf kRrL; ;fnlt/ agf/; cfp“bf k|ofu klg cfPsf] syf ug'{x'GYof]
. pxf“nfO{ ToxL k|ofusf] lrgf] xf];\ eg]/ Ps hf]/ rKkn lsGof}“ . xfdL ux«f}“ ;fdfg af]s]/ ofqf ug{ tof/
gePsfn] oyf;Dej s]xL glsÌ] kIfdf eP klg oxf“ cfPkl5 dg yfldPsf] lyPg .
xfdL ca cfgGbejg x]g{ hfg nfu]sf lyof}“ . Pp6f 6ØfS;L l/he{ u/L hfg nfu]sf, clu ;'?d} e]l6Psf
ef/tLox¿ cfOk'u] . pgLx¿ klg pt} hfg] /x]5g\ . b'j} kl/jf/ ldn]/ 6ØfS;L l/he{ u/f}“ eg]/ d}n] pgLx¿nfO{
k|:tfj /fv]“ . 6ØfS;Lsf] ef8f dHhf;“u df]ndf]nfO ug'{k¥of] . 6ØfS;Lef8fdf df]ndf]nfO u/]/ ;:t}df
ldnfPsf] b]v]/ Tof] laxf/L cfOdfO{ 5Ss k/L . af6fdf p;n] dnfO{ ;¨ddf vr{ slt eof] eg]/ ;f]wL . lx;fa
u/]“ M ;Ëddf 8'¨f, k08f, gl/jn, b"w clg :gfgz'Ns u/L xfd|f] kl/jf/n] hDdf Psf;L ?lkof“ vr{ u/]5 .
pgLx¿n] tLg ;o krxQ/ vr{ eof] eg] . :jf:gLrflx“ nf]Ug]nfO{ Ujfª\u|f] eg]/ ;/fKg yfnL . otf drflx“ k};f
hf]luPsfdf eGbf cfk\mgL kTgLsf cufl8 af7f] b]lvg kfPsfdf dSv †
xfdL r9]sf] a; k|ofu/fhsf] ljzfn d}bfg eP/ bf}l8O/x]sf] 5 . htf x]/] klg cnkq k/]sf] rp/ 5, ;fob of]
rp/ s'g} /fhfdxf/fhf jf ;]7dxfhgn] s'Ded]nfsf nflu ;of}“ jif{cl3 pknAw u/fPsf] xf] . Tof] hldg
s'Ded]nfsf nflu ck{0f ug{] dflg;x¿ cToGt b"/bzL{ /x]5g\ . cfhsf] hg;ª\VofnfO{ ;d]t wfÌ] u/L Toqf]
hldg lbg' rfgr'g] s'/f xf]Og . cfheGbf 5ofgAa] jif{cl3 cyf{t\ !(^* ;fndf g]kfnsf] ;j{k|yd hgu0fgf
ePsf] lyof] . To; a]nf g]kfnsf] hDdf hg;ª\Vof ;f7L nfvhlt lyof] . cfh Tof] ;ª\Vof a9]/ b'O{ s/f]8
;Q/L nfv gfl3;s]sf] 5 . ef/tsf] hg;ª\Vof kSs} klg o:t} b/df a9]sf] x'g'k5{ . t/ h;n] Toltv]/} cfhsf]
s'Ded]nfsf] cfsf/sf] sNkgf u¥of] Tof] c;fwf/0f dflg; g} lyof] .
bfof“afof“ htf x]/] klg rp/}rp/ 5 . t/ lgh{g gfËf] rp/sf aLraLrdf htftt} …d}bfg hfgÚ rkL{x¿
agfOPsf, ;8s / ;8sdflyaf6 uf8L s'bfpg ldNg] k'nx¿ agfOPsf . rp/ a]:ofxf/ eP klg cgluGtL
rkL{ / cfsf;] k'n b]Vtf s'Ded]nfdf slt dflg; oxf“ cfp“bf x'g\ eÌ] s]xL cg'dfg ug{ ;lsG5 . k"0f{s'Desf]
cjlwdf x/]s lbg b; nfveGbf a9L tLy{ofq' Toxf“ dxf:gfgdf efu lng] cfzfn] cfPsf x'G5g\ ha ls
rf}aL; 306fdf b'O{ nfveGbf a9L dflg;nfO{ o:;f] rf]klng dfq klg Toxf“ 7fp“ g} k'Ub}g . s'Ded]nf nfUg]
7fp“sf tL cfsf;] k'n / leQFx¿df htftt} dflg;eGbf 7"nf7"nf cIf/df …uËfbz{g xL uËf:gfg x}Ú eg]/
n]lvPsf] 5 . g'xfpg] kfnf] gkfO{ lkmg'{kg{] cefuLx¿nfO{ ;fGTjgf lbg of] em'6f] jfSo Tolt /fd|/L leQFdf
n]lvPsf] x'g'k5{, uËfbz{g g} uËf:gfg x'g] eP lsg dl/xQ] u/Lu/L dflg;x¿ uËf:gfg ug{ vf]Hy] < cToGt
km/flsnf] eP klg dflg;x¿n] k|of]u gu/]sfn] xf]nf rp/ clxn] s'¿k / a]sf/sf] aGh/e"ld nfUYof] .
s'Ded]nfsf] ;dodf oxf“ cfpg' eg]sf] 6«]g jf a;sf] eL8df lslrP/ dg{ tof/ x'g', xf]6n jf nhdf cf]t
gkfP/ /fte/ ;8slsgf/d} hfu/fd a:g' xf] . x'g t To;df klg leÌ} cfgGb xf]nf .

@)= Pp6} 3/df rf/ 306f e|d0f

38
cfgGbejg k'Ubf laxfgsf] cf7 ah]sf] lyof] . cfgGb ejg t b; ah]dfq v'Ng] /x]5, k/]g ca km;fb † glhs}
xf]6n;f]6n s]xL 5}g . udL{ a9]/ vkLg;Sg' 5 . xfdL a? otfplt 8'n]/ b; ahfcf}“ eg]/ cndlng yfNof}“ .
ef/tLo ofq'x¿ Psflt/ nfluxfn] . xfdLnfO{ lzjdlGb/ x]g{ dg lyof], t/ Tof] t w]/} 6f9f k5{ eÌ] ;'lgof] .
htftt} b'uf{k"hfsf] tof/L rln/x]sf] lyof] . Ps 7fp“df dflg;x¿ ljzfn k08fn v8f ug{ nfu]sf lyP . Pp6f
lgs} 7"nf] / nfdf] l;g]dfxnh:tf] kfn 6f“u]sf lyP / af“sL sfd ul//x]sf lyP . zLtntfsf nflu of] 7fp“
pko'St lyof] . xfdL Psl5g a:of}“ . 5f]/Lx¿n] s]6fs]6Lsf nflu eg]/ ;8s;8s 8'Ng]x¿n] a]Rg] xNsf vfhf
vfP . xfdLn] cfk"m;“u ePsf] vfhf vfof}“ .
cfgGbejgsf] u]6 v'Nof] . z'Ns lt/]/ Toxf“ l5g'{k5{ . OlGb/f ufGwLn] cfk\mgf lktfsf] sdfO / afa'afh]sf
kfnfb]lvsf] ;Dk"0f{ k'Vof{}nL ;DklQ;lxt of] cfgGbejg ;/sf/nfO{ a' emfP/ Pp6f bz{gLo ;ª\u|xfnosf] ¿k
lbnfPsL x'g\ .
xfdLn] Toxf“ w]/} s'/f x]g{ kfof}“ . g]x¿kl/jf/sf] lghL hLjgsf] emns, ef/tLo :jtGqtf;ª\u|fdsf] emNsf],
g]x¿sf] /fi6«k|]d, dxfTdf ufGwL / OlGb/f ufGwL, g]x¿kl/jf/sf] k':tsfno / cg]s s'/fx¿ gx]/L gx'g] 5g\ .
oxf“ ef/tLox¿sf] ef/tk|]dsf] ljlzi6 gd'gf x]g{ kfOG5 . g]x¿n] k|ofu, uËfod'gf / d}bfgk|lt JoSt u/]sf
plStx¿ Toxf“ k9\g kfP“, b]zk|]dsf] cg'kd gd'gf nfUof] . xfdLn] pgLx¿af6 l;Sg'kg{] s'/fx¿ slt xf] slt
5g\ . Toxf“ Pp6f j]wzfnf klg 5, t/ xfdLn] Tof] j]wzfnf x]g{] ;do lgsfNg ;s]gf}“ . af6fdf ;fdfg glsÌ]
xfd|f] lgodfjnL oxf“ cfP/ k]ml/ ldlrof] . xfdLn] Toxf“sf] k':tsk;naf6 g]x¿sf] cfTdsyf / b'O{tLgcf]6f
afnaflnsfsf nflu sfd nfUg] lstfa lsGof}“ . lstfa lsÌeGbf af]Sg ufx«f] x'G5 ofqfdf . emf]nfx¿ el/Psf
x'gfn] k|To]s gof“ ;fdfgn] gof“ ;d:of;d]t hGdfpg] u5{ .
OlGb/f ufGwLsf] :df/s ejgaf6 lg:s]/ kmf]6f] lvRg vf]Hbf k"hf lk;fa nfUof] eÌ yfnL . pm To;} ejgsf]
Pp6f rkL{df k;L .
s]xLa]/sf] cndnkl5 xfdL cfgGbejgaflx/ lg:Sof}“ . k"hfn] egL– …ODkf]6{]G6 s'/fx¿sf] OGkmd{];g ;a}nfO{
x'g'k5{ .Ú
…s] dxŒjk"0f{ s'/f] k¥of] To:tf] <Ú ;Ltf af]lng\ .
…xfdL Pp6} 6\jfOn]6 o'h uYof{}“ .Ú
…sf]–sf] <Ú
…OlGb/f ufGwL / d ======. x'g t tL s'/f ca lx:6«Lsf Dof6/ eO;s], t}klg=== . lx:6«LnfO{ xh'/ s] eÌ'x'G5 <Ú
xfdL xf:of}“ . ;Ltfn] elgg\– …Oltxf;=====. lx:6«L eg]sf] Oltxf;======= .Ú
k"hfn] bf]xf]¥ofO{– …Oltxf; eg]sf] lx:6«L =====.Ú
d}n] k"hflt/ x]b{} eg]“– …To;f] eP ltdLn] OlGb/f ufGwLn] k|of]u ug{] u/]sf] rkL{ k|of]u u¥of} <Ú
…Tof] t ca lx:6«L eOuf] lg . lsg / <Ú
…1fg, hf];–hf“u/ / b]zelSt klg p:t} eP kf] †Ú d}n] tL/ xfg]“ .
…6fOdn] b]vfpnf =====.Ú p;sf] :j/ ca dl;gf] x'g yfn]sf] lyof] .
cfgGbejgsf] rf/306] e|d0fkl5 Pp6f l/S;f ;dft]/ cfjf;Lo If]q x'“b} xfdL /]nj] hª\S;g cfof}“ . k|l;4 hfd]
dl:hb, lzjdlGb/, ljZjljBfno / cg]s x]g{nfos 7fp“x¿ x]g{ gEofO{ xfdL cl3 a9\g nfu]sf lyof}“ . hLjg
5f]6f] 5, ug'{ w]/} 5 . xfdLn] hLjgdf w]/} s'/f ug{ gkfO{ dg'{kg{] x'G5 . d rf/ jif{eGbf a9L sf7df8f}“ a;]“ /
gfufh'{g, ;f“uf, uf]bfj/L, k"mnrf]sL / lzjk'/L r9\g] cj;/ h'6fpg ;s] klg d}n] rGb|flul/sf] 8f“8f] r9\g
slxNo} EofOg“ . ca t sf7df8f}“ uP“ eg] klg xhf/ rGb|flul/ r9\g] sfd lnP/ uPsf] x'G5', s] eÌ] v} † wÌ
p;a]nf vf;f, tftf]kfgL, v“8\k", vf]kf;L, a'ªdtL, n]n], ag]kf, jh|jf/fxL, sLlt{k'/, kgf}tL, kf“uf, yfgsf]6,
;t'Ën, ;LtfkfOnf, rfkfufp“, rf“u'gf/fo0f, 6f]vf, af]8], gub]z, afns'df/L, l7dL, w'lnv]n, dftftLy{ /
sf7df8f}“ pkTosfsf ;fgf7"nf ufp“, ahf/ / tLg ;x/sf uNnLuNnL 3'd]“5' .
39
cfh Onfxfafb /fd|/L g3'dL 5f]l8xfNg'kbf{ Pp6f hLjg g} ck'/f] lhPem}“ nflu/x\of] . Onfxfafbsf] d'Vo ;x/ t
x]g{} kfOPg . sd;] sd dflg;sf] eL8ef8, cfsfz r'Dg] 3/x¿ / uf8Lx¿sf] cgGt n:s/sf] cgf}7f] hLjg
b]Vg kfOg] lyof] . oqf] lbg xfdLn] ofqf u/]/ sl6xf/, efunk'/, uof, d'un;/fo, agf/; / Onfxfafb kf/ u/]
klg s'g} ;x/sf] Jo:ttf x]g{] /x/} gu/]sf] xf] ls h:tf] nfu]/ cfof] . ;x/ eg]sf] /]nsf] :6];g / dlGb/x¿dfq
xf]Og, t/ ;x/leqsf] lgoldt hLjg gx]]/L xfdL Psf]xf]/f] s'lb/x]sf lyof}“ . xfdL ca Onfxfafbaf6 sfgk'/lt/
nfUg] ljrf/df lyof}“ .
@!= hl/jfgf lt/\

Onfxfafbsf] ljzfn hª\S;g . l6s6 lnPsf] s]xLa]/d} Pp6f 6«]g cfof] . sn]h k9\g] Pp6f :yfgLo ljBfyL{ klg
xfd|f] ;fyL ePsf] lyof] . xfdL gof“ dflg;, p;s} kl5 nfu]/ r9Øf}“, pm t csf{] 6«]g cfPkl5 xfdLnfO{ 5f8]/
To;lt/ kf] nfUof] . kf]sfk'Gt'/f / gfgLx¿ ePsfn] xfdL cf]n{]gf}“, To;}df al;/x\of}“ .
6«]gn] ;dod} sfgk'/ k'¥ofof] . cf]n]{/ :6];gaflx/ lg:sg nfUbf r]lsªn] l6s6 dfUof] . d}n] cfk"mn] Onfxfafbdf
sf6]sf] l6s6 lbP“ . l6s6 r]s ug{] To; n'O/]n] t xfdLnfO{ Psflt/ kf] pleg eG5 P † ofq'x¿ wdfwd l6s6
b]vfp“b} aflx/ lgl:s/x]sf lyP . xfdLnfO{ To;n] Psl5g /f]s]kl5 eGof]–
…efOhL, tkfO“{n] sf6]sf] l6s6 ;xL xf], o; l6s6n] Onfxfafbaf6 sfgk'/ cfpg kfOG5 t/ tkfO{“ unt 6«]gdf
r9\g'eof] . of] ;'k/PS;k|]; 6«]g xf] . o; 6«]gdf rf/ ;o lsnf]ld6/eGbf sd b"/Lsf ofq'n] r9\g kfp“b}gg\ .
tkfO{“n] PS;k|]; 6«]gsf] l6s6 sf6]/ ;'k/PS;k|]; 6«]gdf r9\g'eof] . tkfO{“n] lgod tf]8\g'eof] . ca tkfO{“n]
sfg'gcg';f/ kf“r ;o ?lkof“ hl/jfgf ltg'{k5{ .Ú
/dfOnf]sf nflu kl/jf/;lxt ef/tsf] e|d0f ug{ lg:s]sf] lgDgljQ lzIfs, d}n] cfk\mg} b]zdf sfg'g tf]8]sf]
cleof]u Ps k6s klg nfu]sf] 5}g, hLjgdf s;}sf] lj?4 cbfntdf d'2f t s] k'ln;df ph'/;Dd u/]sf] 5}g,
sfg'gsf] kfng ug{] o:tf] JolSt csf{sf] d'n'sdf sfg'gL ck/fw ub{} lx“8\g ;St}g . d}n] k'ln;nfO{ cª\u|]hLdf
eg]–“ …cfk"m afnaRrf;lxt unt sfd ug{ d ef/t k;]sf] xf]Og . d kfl/jfl/s e|d0fdf lg:s]sf] x'“ . d]/f]
b]zdf 6«]g;]jf 5}g, oxf“sf nfp8l:ks/n] af]n]sf] cª\u|]hL klg a'lem“b}g . d}n] s;f] ug{ x'G5 jf x'“b}g eÌ]
hfgsf/L lbg] oxf“ s]xL Joj:yf 5}g . Kn]6kmd{df plePsf c¿ ofq'n] b]vfPsf] 6«]g r9\g'afx]s xfdL;“u c¿
s'g} pkfo 5}g . 6«]g slxn] o; Kn]6kmd{df t slxn] To; Kn]6kmd{df cfp“5 eg]/ otf / ptf s'bfp“5g\ .
aNnaNn 6«]g cfp“5, k"j{ hfg] dflg; klZrdlt/ hfg] 6«]gdf rl9g] cj:yf 5 . dnfO{ s'g 6«]gdf cfpg] xf]
yfxf ePg, dflg;x¿n] sfgk'/ hfg] 6«]g oxL xf] elglbP clg r9]sf xf}“ . ev{/ l6s6 sf6]/ cfPsfn] klg
daf6 uNtL ug{] dg;fo g/x]sf] :ki6 x'G5 .Ú
alhof lsg ;'GYof] † p;n] xfdLnfO{ /f]ls/fVof] .
d p;“u g/d eP/ af]n–]“ …daf6 uNtL ePs} xf]nf, To;}n] t tkfO{“n] /f]Sg'ePsf] x'g'k5{, t/ ca d s;f] u¿“ t
<Ú
p;n] eGof]– …ca hl/jfgf ltg{], clg hfg] .Ú
d gd| eP“– …d ljb]zL x'“ . d g]kfnaf6 cfPsf] x'“ . tkfO{“x¿sf] sfg'g tf]8\g csf{sf] d'n's k;]sf] xf]Og d .
d]/f] lgot a]7Ls gb]lvPkl5 dnfO{ b08 lt/fpg] xf] eg] d uj{;fy b08 lt5'{ t/ oxL“af6 d ;f]em} 3/ hfG5' .
d}n] Onfxfafbaf6 sfgk'/ cfpg] l6s6 sf6]sf] xf] / of] sfgk'/ g} xf] eg] d}n] unt sfo{ cfk"mn] hfgLhfgL
u/]sf] 5}g . d]/f] e"naf6 s;}nfO{ dsf{ k/]sf] 5}g . tkfO{“ dnfO{ ca hl/afgf lt/fpg] s'/f ul//xg'x'G5 eg] d
oxf“af6 aflx/ lg:sÌ“ . d ;f]em} csf{] 6«]g kj|m]/ 3/ hfG5' .Ú
…tkfO{“nfO{ cem a9L hl/afgf nfU5 †Ú
…dnfO{ tkfO{“x¿sf b'j} /fi6«efiff lxGbL / cª\u|]hL cfp“5 . efiff a'‰g] dflg;nfO{ t ofqfsf lgod 7Ls;“u
a'emfpg ;Sg'x'Ì . ca xfdLaf6 e"n x'b“ f tkfO{“ Toqf] hl/afgf lt/fpg] s'/f ug'{x'G5 eg] efiff;d]t ga'‰g]n]
slt b'Mv kfp“5g\ oxf“ <Ú
…dnfO{ tkfO{“sf uGyg ;'Ì] k'm;{t 5}g .Ú

40
…========================Ú
ef/tLo /]n–sd{rf/L;“u emu8f ug'{ eg]sf] ;ª\s6 lgDTofpg' xf] . xfdL 6«]glt/} kmSof{}“ . p;n] s]xL eg]g .
s]xLa]/kl5 csf{] 6«]g cfOk'Uof] . xfdLn] r9\g'kg{] elgPsf] rflx“ /x]5 . xfdL gof“ ofq'x¿;“u} csf{] 9f]sfaf6
aflx/ lg:Sof}“ . l6s6 hf“Rg]n] hf“Rof], s]xL eg]g .
aflx/ lg:s“bf t k"hf 5}g † k"hf pt} eL8df 5'l65 =====. a]n'sf eO;s]sf] 5, sfgk'/ eg]sf] b;j6f Kn]6kmd{
ePsf] ljzfn hª\S;g xf] / b;f}“ xhf/ ofq''x¿ otfptf ub{} 5g\ . ca 5f]/L stf k/L, s;/L e]l6g' < x]
dxfcfkt\ † ;Ltf / sfG5LnfO{ …oxL“ al;/fVg" lg †Ú eg]/ d k"hfnfO{ vf]Hg k]ml/ Kn]6kmfd{x¿lt/ bf}8]“ . Pskl5
csf{] ub{} d}n] b;} Kn]6kmfd{ bf}8]/} 3'd]“ . st} 5}g . o:tf] cfkt\df dgsf] ult slt tLj| x'“bf] /x]5 eg] † jf pm
cflQP/ ?“b} d'6' k'm6'Gh]n bf}l8O/x]sL 5], jf k'ln;n] klj|mP/ st} xfdLnfO{ vf]Hb} 5 ls, d}n] k'ln;sf] cufl8
3/ kms{G5' eg]sf] ;'g]sL lyO{– Onfxfafb hfg] 6«]g klj|mO{ ls † ca s;f] ug'{ 7Ls x'g] xf] † b;kGw| ldg]6
bf}8]sf]–bf}8Ø} u/] klg st} ge]6]kl5 d k'ln;x¿nfO{ ;f]Wg yfn]“ . d"n u]6sf k'ln;x¿ / c¿ otfptf ug{]
k'ln;nfO{ ;f]Wbf klg s'g} pkfo gb]v]kl5 Ps gDa/ Kn]6kmd{d} kms{]“ .
…x'g t k"hfnfO{ cfk"m sxf“ 5', s;/L k'ln;sf] d2t lng'k5{ eÌ] yfxf 5 . afa'cfdfn] cfk"mnfO{ s;/L vf]Hnfg\
eÌ] cg'dfg klg ug{ ;S5] pm . ge]l6P klg x/fp“lbg ls † o:tf] dfgj;fu/sf aLr o;/L vf]h]/ kf/ nfUb}g .
ca dfOs eP7fp“ uP/ ;"rgf eÌ nufpg'k¥of] .Ú d}n] ;f]r]“ . d dfOs eP7fp“ hf“b} lyP“, sfnL af]S;L t k/
n'v'/n'v'/ lx“l8/x]sL x} † p;sf] lx“8fOdf x/fPsf] s]6fs]6Ldf x'g'kg{] a]r}gL / x8a8L s]xL b]lv“b}g † d}n] k/}af6
hf]8n] s/fP“ . p;n] 6fpsf] p7fO{ . dnfO{ b]Vtf klg p;df s'g} kl/jt{g b]lvPg, dfgf}“ pm O6x/Lsf] rf]sdf
5'6]kl5 e]l6PsL xf] . d}n] p;sf] xft hf]8n] ;dft]“ . xfdL afa'5f]/L c¿ b'O{hgf ePsflt/ nfUof}“ . ;Ltf /f]P/
al;/x]sL lyOg\ . kl/jf/sf] k'gld{ng eof] . xfdL sfgk'/sf] v'nf cfsfzdf ;f; k]mb{} cufl8 a9Øf}“ . ;f“em kg{
nfu]sf] lyof] . xfdLn] af6fdf lx“l8/x]sf s]xL d';ndfg wd{u'?h:tf ;]tf] uf]nf] 6f]kL nufPsf clns kfsf
dflg;nfO{ ;f]Wof}“–
…;fxa † xd]+ cfh /ft sfgk'/ d]+ 7x/gf x} . sf]O{ ;:tf nh j w/dzfnf s] l7sfgf atfOP g †Ú
…cfknf]u Ow/ Sof]+ cfof < zx/ s] t/km hfOo] g †Ú
…sfgk'/ sf d'Vo zx/ /]nj] s] p; kf/ x} Sof <Ú
…sfgk'/ tf] pw/ xL x} . cfk s] kf; l6s6 x} <Ú
…hL xf“, x} ==.Ú
…tf] lkm/ ;] pn6] kf“j Kn]6kmfd{ d]+ hfs/ pw/ kf/ sLlho]uf . Ow/ tf] cfdL{ Aof/fs, sf]onf e08f/ cf}/
5f]6]5f]6] al:tof“ x} .Ú
xfdL k]ml/ Kn]6kmfd{lt/} uof}“ . kfl/kl§ l6s6 hf“r x'“b} /x]5 . xfdLn] cfk"m;“u ePsf l6s6 b]vfof}“ .
hf“rsLn] ;f]Wof]– …aRrf]+ sf l6s6 <Ú
xfdLn] gfgLx¿sf l6s6 sf6]s} lyPgf}“ . d}n] ;To af]Ng'kYof{] af]n]“ – …alRrof“ 5f]6L x}, Ogsf eL l6s6 <Ú
…lstg] jif{ s] x}+ <Ú
…ox a8L ;ft cf}/ 5f]6L kf“r ===.Ú kl/l:yltsf] cf“sng u/]/ d}n] 5f]/Lx¿sf] pd]/ ;s];Dd 36fP“ .
…cfk s] kf; bf]gf]+ alRrof“ s] l6s6 xf]gL rflxP yf .Ú
d cndNn k/]“ . xfdLn] efunk'/b]lv uof, uofb]lv d'un;/fo, agf/;b]lv Onfxfafb;Dd cfp“bf slxNo}
5f]/Lx¿sf nflu l6s6 sf6]sf lyPgf}“, sf6\g'k5{ eÌ] yfx} ePg, l6s6 hf“Rg]n] klg logLx¿sf] l6s6 dfu]sf
lyPgg\ . ca kl/Pg km;fb †
To;n] eGof]– …bf]gf]+ sf] l6s6 sf6gf rflxP yf . kf“r jif{ cf}/ p;;] a8] aRrf]“ sf] cfwf ef8f nutf x} . cfk
sf] lagf l6s6 aRrf]+ sf] ofqf s/fg] k/ h'df{gf nutf x} .Ú
41
…h'df{gf <Ú
…hL, xf“ kf“r ;f} af/x ?ko] ===.Ú
sfgk'/ k:t}b]lv cg]s vfn] cfkt\ cfO/x] . jf; vf]Hg ca]/ eO/x]sf] lyof] . d}n] eg]–“
…xfdL g]kfnaf6 cfPsf ko{6s xf}“ . efunk'/af6 uof, uofaf6 d'un;/fo / agf/;b]lv Onfxfaf6 o;} u/L
/]nofqf ul//x]sf 5f}“, uf8Ldf l6s6 r]s x'GYof], xfdLnfO{ sxL“ klg aRrfsf] l6s6 v} eg]/ dfluPg t <
xfdL;“u tL l6s6 ce}m 5“b} 5g\ ======.Ú
…cfksf] lgodfg';f/ h'df{gf nutf x} ===. b]lvo] ==Ú p;n] lgodfjnLsf] Pp6f ;fgf] k'l:tsfdf kf“r jif{dflysf
afnaflnsfnfO{ cfwf ef8f nfUg] lgod b]vfof], lagfl6s6 ofqf u/]df nfUg] hl/afgf klg b]vfof] . xfdLl;t
s'g} pQ/ lyPg . ;Ltf ?g yflng\ . d o;} t sfnf] dflg;, d]/f] cg'xf/ 8/ / lrGtfn] emg\ sfnf]gLnf] eof] .
;Ltf sgLs'yL To;;“u lxGbLdf dfkm dfUg yflng\ . lsg 6]Yof]{ pm== . p;n] xfd|f s'/} ;'g]g . cGTodf d}n]
p;nfO{ Pshgfsf] k"/f ef8f xftdf ydfP“ . pm Psl5g t dflg/x]sf] lyPg t/ kl5 p;n] xfdLnfO{ ws]Nb}
aflx/ lgsfNof] .
aNnaNn To; cfkt\af6 kf/ kfOof] . kl5 /fd|/L a'em]sf] t uNtL xfd|} /x]5 . kf“r jif{dflysf afnaflnsfsf]
ef8f ltg'{kg{] lgod /x]5 . t/ ef/tdf 3";n] hxf“ klg sfd ug{] †

@@= sgf}l8of wd{zfnf

ca a]n'sf x'g nfu]sf] lyof] . /]nj] Kn]6kmfd{aflx/ lg:sgf;fy sfgk'/sf] eJo :jfutåf/ b]lvof] . 5]j}df Pp6f
7"nf] wd{zfnf klg v8f /x]5 . 9'Ëf] vf]Hbf 9'Ë} e]l6Psf] lyof], xfdL t'?Gt Totf uof}“ . t/ wd{zfnf cToGt
cJojl:yt / ;'g;fg nfUg] . clns 7"n} hdft lx“8]sf a]nf of] pko'St eP klg clxn]nfO{ xfdL oxf“ a:g
tof/ ePgf}“ . xfdL ahf/sf] d'Vo efult/ k:of}“ . Pp6f xf]6nsf] bnfn xfdLnfO{ k5\ofO/x]sf] /x]5 . xfdL
To;sf lrKnf s'/fsf kl5 nfu]/ p;n] eg]sf]] xf]6nlt/} uof}“ . t/ Tof] xf]6n ;f“u'/f], c“Wof/f] / ;'g;fg
uNnLleq lyof] . sf]7fx¿ ;fgf, c“Wof/f / c;'/lIft nfUg] vfnsf lyP . sf]7fdf nufOPsf s'n/x¿
sfdgnfUg] / em\ofn9f]sfx¿ klg sRrf lyP . dnfO{ 8/ klg nfUof], o:tf] c“Wof/f] 5, n'6kf6 ul/ kf] xfNg] x'g\
ls, Tof] xf]6n 5f8L xfdL k'gM ahf/lt/ k:of}“ .
af6f] l/S;f, ;fOsn, df]6/;fOsnh:tf ;fgf ;fwgn] slt eL8 eg] Psk|sf/sf] /dfOnf] g} nfUg] . dflg;sf]
eL8n] 7]n]/} cufl8 a9fpnf h:tf] . kl/jf/sf ;b:o Psaf6 csf{] 5'l§of] eg] k/ b]lvP klg e]6\g d'l:sn .
xfdL sfgk'/] eL8 l5rf]Nb} cl3 a9Øf}“ . gofuGhsf] sgf}l8of wd{zfnf af6}df kbf{] /x]5 . jf; a:g ldN5 ls
eg]/ xfdL Tof] wd{zfnf x]g{ leq uof}“ . cluNnf] lbg lj/StnfUbf] 7fp“df a;]/ cfPsfn] xf] ls, of] t xfdLnfO{
cToGt Jojl:yt nfUof] . g'xfpg], n'uf w'g], ;'sfpg] / gfgLx¿ pk|mg]–v]Ng] klg k|z:t 7fp“ ePsf] v'Nnf
ejg /x]5 . 7fp“ ahf/sf] aLrdf kg{], vfgf vfg xf]6nx¿ glhs} / sf]7f klg xfjfbf/ clg km/flsnf ePsfn]
xfdLn] of] 7fp“ 7Ls 7fGof}“ . cfhsf] jf; oxL“ x'g] to eof] .
wd{zfnfsf] k|aGws a"9f] km/fl;nf] / ;xof]uL /x]5 . d}n] ;f]w]“– …afx« jif{cl3 d oxf“ cfPsf] lyP“ . To;kN6 d
oxf“sf] /f0fL ;tL wd{zfnfdf jf; a;]sf] lyP“ . Tof] wd{zfnf stfkl§ k5{ <Ú
pm lgs}a]/ 3f]l/of] . cGTodf p;n] eGof]– …x]gf{];\ efO, sfgk'/ lgs} 7"nf] ;x/ xf] / oxf“ nueu ;o–krf;j6f
hlt ;fgf7"nf wd{zfnf 5g\ . d ;a} wd{zfnfsf] gfd klg hflGbg“ t/ /f0fL ;tL wd{zfnf clns gfd rn]s}
xf] . d}n] of] gfd ;'g]s} x'“ t/ d}n] tkfO{“nfO{ sxf“g]/ k5{ eg]/ 7ØfSs} eÌrflx“ ;lsg“ .Ú
d}n] p;nfO{ cfk"m ;kl/jf/ oxf“ cfpgfsf] p2]Zo atfP“– …xfdL kltkTgL g]kfnsf :s'nsf lzIfsx¿ xf}“ . clxn]
g]kfndf ljhof bzdLsf] cj;/ ePsfn] kGw|lbg] labf 5 . b;}“ t x/]s jif{ dflgPs} xf], xfd|f] kl/jf/n] o;
jif{sf] b;}“ tkfO{“sf] ef/tsf Psb'O6f dxŒjk"0f{ ;x/ 3'd]/ dgfpg] ljrf/n] otf k;]sf xf}“ . ef]lnsf] lbg xfdL

42
sfgk'/sf ;a}eGbf d'Vod'Vo 7fp“ 3'd]/ cfu/f k'Ug rfxG5f}“ . ef]ln Ps ah];Dddf 3'ld;lsg] sfgk'/sf d'Vo
7fp“x¿ s]s] x'g\ <Ú
Dofg]h/ t d;“u l/;fPem}“ ug{ yfNof] . p;n] ddfly cfk"meGbf ;fgfnfO{ ul/g] k|]dk"0f{ emf]“s vGofof] . pm
s/fof]– …ef]ln Ps lbg sfgk'/ 3'Dg] /] † Ps lbgdf sfgk'/ 3'ldG5 st} < sfgk'/ t ;Q/L nfv dflg; a:g]
dxfgu/ xf] df:6/;fx]a † of] s'g} ufp“ xf] / < sd;] sd kf“r lbg oxf“ a:gf];\ . ljhof bzdLsf] kfjg
cj;/df oxf“ w'dwfd x'G5 . tkfO{“ xfd|f] w'dwfddf efu lnP/ dL7f] ;Demgf af]sL 3/ kms{g'k5{ . sfgk'/sf]
b;x/f kj{ lxGb"x¿sf] ;fg xf] . ef/tLo :jtGqtf–;ª\u|fd o;} ;x/af6 ;'? ePsf] xf] . df]tLnfn g]x¿nfO{
;+;f/n] lrG5, pgL o;} ;x/df a;]/ slxn] cfu/f t slxn] Onfxfafbdf jsfntL uy{] . df]tLnfn, kl08t
hjfx/nfn / afk"hL oxf“ a:y] . pgLx¿ log} uNnLuNnLdf hgtf p7fp“b} …hfuf] ef/tjf;L †Ú eGy] . oxf“
df]6/;fOsn, aGb's / 5fnfh'Qfsf ljzfn k\mofS6/L 5g\ . l:6n, kmnfd, sk8f, ;'tL{, cÌ / v]nf}gfsf nflu
sfgk'/ ef/ts} 7"nf] ;x/ xf] . tkfO{“nfO{ oxf“sf ljZjk|l;4 xL/fsf u/uxgf–k;ndfq 3'Dgsf nflu Ps lbg
nfUnf . aGb's k\mofS6/L 3'Dg k"/f Ps lbg, df]6/;fOsn / sk8f / ldnldl;g/L k\mofS6/L 3'Dg Ps lbg, kfs{
/ c¿ /dfOnf 7fp“x¿ 3'Dg Ps lbg . tkfO{“ t :s'nsf] df:6/ x'g'x'“bf] /x]5, ef/tsf] :jtGqtf;ª\u|fd
ljZjk|l;4 5, o;sf] af/]df sn]hdf k9\g'eof] xf]nf g} .Ú
g]kfnsf dflg;n] ef/tLox¿sf 3/]n' syf kl9/xg'kb{}g . xfdLn] cfk"mnfO{ klxn] /fd|/L lrÌ'k5{, clg k'm;{t
lgsfn]/ l5d]sLnfO{– d p;nfO{ o;f] eÌ rfxGy]“, t/ elgg“ . rfnL; nfvhlt hg;ª\Vof ePsf] sfgk'/nfO{
pm ;Q/L nfvsf] ;x/ eGb} lyof] .
t}klg d}n] af]Ng 8/ dfÌ'k5{ eÌ] lyPg, d}n] eg]“ –…csf{sf] b]zsf ;fgfltgf 36gf hflg/xg' h?/L 5}g .
tkfO{“nfO{ g]kfnsf] af/]df s] yfxf 5 t < d}n] ;fOG;af6 OG6/ u/]“, kl5 cª\u|]hL / ul0ft ljifo lnP/ u|]h'P6
eP“, kf]:6u|]h'P6df cª\u]h
| L ;flxTo k9]“ . cª\u|]hLdf a9L Wofg lbg] u/]sfn] dnfO{ ljZjsf] Oltxf; sd yfxf 5
. t}klg ?lrjz k9]sfn] dnfO{ ef/tsf] Oltxf; s]xL yfxf 5 .Ú
…lzIfs x'“ eÌ], ljZjsf] Oltxf;rflx“ yfxf 5}g eÌ]=== . ef/tsf] af/]df s] yfxf 5 <Ú p;sf] efjdf ddfly
s8f cfj|md0f b]lvof] . 6'x'/] ko{6gdf lx“8]sf xfdLnfO{ s'g} ;fgf] ahf/sf] :s'ndf sv/f lrgfpg] c;xfo ul/a
df:6/, hLjgdf lhpg] snf / ;+;f/sf] /Lt ga'em]sf] sRrf dfg'if eg]/ p;n] lrlg;s]sf] lyof] . jf:tjdf
To;sf] v'aL b]v]/ d 5Ss k/]“ .
dnfO{ cfTd/Iff ug{ lgs} d'l:sn k¥of] . t}klg d p;sf cufl8 d"v{ b]lvg lsg rfxGy]“ / † d}n] eg]“– …x]gf{];\
Dofg]h/;fx]a † d g]kfnL x'“ / ;r]t g]kfnL x'g'sf] gftfn] d}n] ef/t, rLg, e'6fg, aËnfb]z, kfls:tfg, O/fg,
ckmuflg:tfg, ;Dk"0f{ dWok"j{, y'k|} clk|msf, l;Ë} o'/f]k, cd]l/sfsf] lgs} Oltxf; yfxf kfpg'k5{ .Ú
daf6 af]Nbfaf]Nb} 3dG8L nah lgl:sOxfn] . kfgL kf]lvP ;f]xf]g{ ldN5, d'vaf6 zAb kf]lvPkl5 ;f]xf]g{ ldNbf]
/x]g5 . d cfk\mgf zAbdf cf]slng] 3dG8sf] sf/0f w]/} k6s b'Mv kfO;s]sf] dfG5], oxf“ k]ml/ k]mnf k/]“ . ;f]r]/
af]Ng] / af]n]/ ;f]Rg]sf aLrsf] km/s oxL t xf] .
…ef/tsf] Oltxf;rflx“ tkfO{“nfO{ s] yfxf 5 t <Ú p;n] dnfO{ v]bf] ug{ 5f]8]g .
p;sf] rsf{] :j/n] d klg tfltxfn]“ Sof/, elglbP“– …d l;Gw' 3f6Lsf] ;Eotf, j}lbs cfo{x¿sf] O/fg–
ckmuflg:tfgaf6 k"j{ ;b{} cfPsf] syf, l;Gw'df j}lbs ;Eotfsf] ljsf;, k'/f0f, dxfef/t, /fdfo0f, blIf0fsf
b|lj8 /fHox¿sf syf, ef/tdf d'un ;fd|fHosf] :yfkgf, ljsf;, cª\u|]hsf] ef/t cfudg, O:6 OlG8of
sDkgL / snsQf ;x/sf] ljsf;, cª\u|]hx¿n] j|mdzM ef/t sAhf u/]sf] sxfgL ;a} ldnfP/ yf]/ax't eÌ
;S5' .Ú
Dofg]h/sf] cf“vfdf dk|ltsf] wf/0ff clnslt ablnPsf] b]lvof] . d eGb} uP“– …d]/f lktfk'vf{x¿ !@$$ sf]
ljj|mdLdf kf}8Lu9jfnaf6 g]kfntkm{ uf“;, jf; / ;'/Iff vf]Hb} k;]sf x'g\, kf}8L d"n ynf] x'gfn] xfd|f] y/ kf}8]n
ePsf] . tkfO{“nfO{ elgxfn"“ ddf ef/tsf] ;fdfGo1fg Pp6f ;fdfGo ef/tLodf hlt emÌ} xf]nf . d}n]
;fdfGo1fg;DaGwL b'O6f lstfa n]v]sf] 5' eg] ef/t, rLg / e'6fg;DaGwL ;fdfGo1fgsf sfo{j|md rnfPsf] 5'
. d ef/tsf] :jtGqtf;ª\u|fdsf] s'/f klg ug{ ;S5' . lzjfhL, nvgpmsf] /]lh8]G;Lsf] sxfgL, /fgL nIdLafO{ /
emf/v08sf ;Gyfnx¿n] u/]sf cª\u|]hlj?4sf n8fO“ eÌ ;S5' . dnfO{ ldhf]/d, gfufNofG8, d]3fno, cf;fd,
c?0ffrnk|b]z, l;lSsd / emf/v08, pQ/f~rn, kGhfa / ef/tsf ljleÌ k|fGtsf Oltxf;, /fhgLlt, efÈf,
;+:s[lt, e"uf]nh:tf ljifodf ?lr klg 5 . d ef/taf6 lg:sg] k|mG6nfOg, cfp6n's h:tf va/klqsfx¿sf]
43
lgoldt–clgoldt kf7s x'“ . d lxGbL ;flxTosf d"w{Go ;flxTosf/sf] kf7s x'“ eg] sfblDagL / ;l/tfh:tf
;flxTok|wfg klqsfsf] klg d kf7s x'“ . d}n] ef/tsf s]xL 7"nf g]tf / ;flxTosf/sf cfTdsxfgL / hLjgL
k9\g kfPsf] 5' .Ú
cf;fd, klZrd aËfn, laxf/, pQ/k|b]zh:tf 3gf a:tL ePsf ef/tLo /fHosf] d}n] yf]/ax't e|d0f u/]sf] 5' .
d}n] lxGbL efÈfsf rf/kf“r ;o lkmNd x]/]sf], xhf/f}“ lxGbL uLt ;'g]sf], ef/tsf rlr{t l;g]sdL{, g]tf, j}1flgs
/ pBf]uLJofkf/Lx¿sf] af/]df hfgsf/L /fVg] u/]sf] 5' . oLafx]s s]/nf, pl8;f, kGhfa, sflZd/, dxf/fi6«,
lbNnL, /fh:yfgnufotsf cg]s k|fGtsf ef/tLox¿;“u ;Ët klg u/]sf] 5' eg]/ eg"“eg"“ eO/x]sf] lyof] .
p;n] ;f]Wof]– …sfgk'/sf] af/]df rflx“ slt yfxf 5 lg <Ú
d lar/fnfO{ s] yfxf † sd;] sd o;kN6 otf klg cfp“b} 5f}“ eÌ] yfxf ePsf] eP clncln ;"rgf a6'Ng] lyP“
. t}klg hfg]sf] 8/fO{8/fO{ elglbP“– …;g\ !*%& sf] ljb|f]xdf sfgk'/df /fhf gfgf ;fx]asf] g]t[Tjdf ;of}“
cª\u|]hx¿nfO{ ef/tLox¿n]] 3f6 ptfl/lbPsf lyP eÌ] k9]sf] ;Dd x'“ . ef/tLo l;kfxL ljb|f]x / oxf“sf]
laaL3/sf] g/;+xf/n] a]nfotLx¿sf] 9f8 ef“r]sf] lyof] . emf“;LsL /fgL nIdLafO{sf] jL/tfsf] sxfgLdf
sfgk'/sf] klg k|;Ë cfp“5 . hjfx/nfn g]x¿sf] cfTdj[QfGtdf sfgk'/ / j/k/sf u|fdL0f ls;fgx¿sf]
hfu/0f tyf ljb|f]xsf] nfdf] j0f{g klg k9]sf] 5' .Ú dnfO{ To; l;kfxL ljb|f]xdf a]nfotLx¿n] g]kfnLsf] d2t
gkfPsf] eP p;a]n} ef/t g5f8L w/ kfpg] lyPgg\ eÌ dg nfu]g . d]/f cufl8 Pp6f b]zeSt ef/tLo hd]/
al;/x]sf] lyof] .
;Ltfn] sf]7faf6} xfd|f ukm ;'lg5g\ . pgn] 5]]pdf cfP/ dnfO{ sf]6ØfOg\ . pgsf cf“vf eGb} lyP– …t w]/}
af]ln;\ . lsg rsL{rsL{ af]Ng'k/]sf] o; k/fO{ d'n'sdf klg < 3f“6L o:tf] v/fa 5, 8fS6/n] gaf]Ng' eg]sf] 5
t/ t“ hxf“ uP klg s'nL{s'nL{ cfkm\g} avfg u5{;\ . cfk"mn] sfd u/]sf] ;+:yf /fd|f], cfkm\gf ;fyL c;n /
ljåfg\, h'g ljifodf klg cfk"mn] lgs} hfg]sf] 5' eG5;\ . t“nfO{ b'lgof“n] b'O{ k};fsf] klg uGb}g, a'lem;\ < ca
/fhgLltsf s'/f lgsfNg] xf]nf– g]kfndf /fhfn] ;Qf xftdf lnP/ uNtL u/], ca /fhtGqsf] cGTo cjZoDefjL
5 cflb . s] dtna 5 oL ef/tLonfO{ t]/f s'/fsf] < s] lhT5;\ < s] kfp“5;\ <Ú
Dofg]h/sf] :j/ ablnof] . p;n] eGof]– …xfdL oxf“sfn] yfxf kfpg] klg olQ t xf], xfdLn] yfxf kfpg] klg ltg}
lstfaaf6 t xf] . df:6/hL, tkfO{“nfO{ olt w]/} yfxf /x]5, clg lsg sfgk'/sf] ofqf ug{ Ps lbg dfq} <
sfgk'/ s'g} ufp“n] ahf/ t xf]Og . sf/df r9]/ lbge/ uNnL–uNnL kmGsf nufP klg Ps} lbgdf t ;Sg'x'Ì .Ú
pm ca dnfO{ sfgk'/dfxfTDo ;'gfpg yfNof] . w]/}a]/ cfk\mgf s'/f /flv;s]kl5 cGTodf Dofg]h/n] eGof]–
…df:6/hL † sfgk'/hlt 7"nf] cf}Bf]lus ;x/ blIf0f Pl;ofd} csf{] 5}g . u¨flsgf/sf] of] ;x/ b]je"ld klg xf] .
To;f] ePsfn] oxf“ 3'Dg nfos 7fp“ cgluGtL 5g\ .Ú
sfgk'/nfO{ t p;n] a9fp“b}a9fp“b} ;fª\3fO{eGbf 7"nf] eG5 ls eÌ] d}n] 7fg]“ . d}n] ljifo abNb} eg]“– …sfgk'/sf
nflu xfdL;“u Ps lbgdfq 5 . o; Ps lbgsf] ;b'kof]u x'g] u/L ofqfsf] of]hgf agfpg d2t ug'{xf];\ g .Ú
p;n] eGof]– …x]gf]{;\ df:6/hL † d]/f] sfd tkfO{“nfO{ cg'/f]w ug{] xf] . d}n] cfk\mgf] sfd u/]“ . t/ ef]ln Ps lbg
dfq 3'Dg] xf] eg] d]/f] s] nfU5 /, o;f] ugf{];\ M ef]ln oxf“af6 ;a]/} ;f]em} lrl8of3/ x]g{ hfg'xf];\, lrl8of3/
x]l/;s]kl5 la7'/ hfg'xf];\, la7'/af6 kms{]/ h]s] 6]Dkn k'Ug'xf];\, h]s] 6]Dkndf ;f“emsf] lemlnldnL x]l/;s]/
cGTodf df]tL lemn klg k'Ug'xf];\ . df]tLlemnsf] lemlnldnLkl5 oxL“ jf; a:g cfOk'Ug'xf];\ .Ú
…olt ofqf ;Sg slt ;do nfUnf t <Ú
…laxfg tkfO{“x¿ lrofgf:tf ul/;s]/ ;f9] 5 ah] lg:sg'xf];\ . cfk\mgf ;fdfg oxL“ 5f8\g'xf];\ . oxf“af6
k"mnafu k'Ug'xf];\, Toxf“af6 a8]rf}/fxf k'Ug'xf];\ . a8]rf}/fxfaf6 lrl8of3/ hfg] 6]Dkf] kfOG5 . Toxf“ k'Ubf cf7
aHnf . lrl8of3/ x]b{}df afx« aHnf . To;kl5 aflx/ lg:s]/ vfglkg ug'{xf];\ . vfglkgkl5 sNof0fk'/ hfg]
l/S;f jf 6]Dkf] kj|mg'xf];\ . sNof0fk'/af6 ;f]em} la7'/ hfg] a; jf 6]Dkf] kfOG5g\ . la7'/ k'Ubf b'O{ aHnf . b'O{
ah] k'u]df Ps 306f Tot} cNdlnP x'G5 . la7'/df vfhf vfP/ kmsL{ k'gM ot} cfpg'xf];\ . 6]Dkf]df cfk"m h]s]
dlGb/ hfg] atfpgf];\ . p;n] sxf“ pqg'kg{] xf] ptfl/lbG5, To;kl5 l/S;f kj|m]/ h]s] dlGb/ x]g'{xf];\ . h]s]
dlGb/df a]n'sLkv a8f] dgdf]xs hd36 b]Vg kfOG5 . kf“r ah];Dd h]s] dlGb/df /dfpg'xf];\ . h]s]
dlGb/af6 lg:s]/ l/S;f r9L df]tLlemn nfUg'xf];\ . df]tLlemnsf] ;fo+sfnLg lemlnldnL clåtLo x'G5, Ps 306f
df]tLlemndf /dfPkl5 k'gM oxL“ cfpg'xf];\ . gf} ah] cfOk'Ug'x'g]5 . oxL“ cfP/ /ftsf] vfgf ot} st} lng'xf];\ /
cf/fd ug'{xf];\ . d s] eg"“ <Ú
44
d sfuhdf Dofg]h/n] atfOlbPsf] ofqfsf] gS;f agfpg yfn]“ . cndln“bf Dofg]h/n] ;'wfl/lbGYof] . ef]lnsf]
lbg s;f] ug{] eÌ] 6'Ëf] nfu]kl5 d sf]7flt/ nfu]“ . Dofg]h/ klg cfk\mgf] zogsIflt/ nfUof] . To; lbg xfdL
a;]sf] wd{zfnfdf aL;–tL;hgfeGbf a9L dflg; jf; a:g cfPsf] b]lvPg . kf“rtn] ejgsf] l;/fgtnfdf
Joj:yfkssf] cfjf; / e'O“tnfsf] Ps sf]7fdf Pshgf ;]jssf] jf; /x]5g\ . ;]js Ps}hgf eP klg
wd{zfnfsf] ;/;kmfO, lah'nL / cGo ;fdfgsf] ;Def/ /fd|/L ePsf] /x]5 .
e'O“tnfdf b;j6f hlt sf]7f / sf]7fx¿sf] aLrdf Pp6f elnan v]Ng emÌ} k'Ug] v'nf 7fp“, e'O“tnfsf] v'Nnf
ePsf] 7fp“dfly kmnfd] hfnL /fv]sf] . dflyNnf] tnfdf dflg; lx“88'n ubf{ w"nf] emg{] ePsfn] ;fob lax]a6'nf]
cflb ubf{ dflyNnf tnfdf e'O“df un}“rf cf]5Øfpg'kbf{] xf] . t];|f] / rf}yf] tnfdfly aLrsf] cfsfz v'nf lyof] .
;a} sf]7f cToGt /fd|f / cfw'lgs kf/fsf, 6\jfOn]6–afy?dx¿sf] ;ª\Vof klg dgUu] / kfgLsf] b'Mv gx'g]
ePsfn] xfdLh:tf cfojfnfx¿sf nflu of] /fd|f] cf>o:yn dfÌ'k5{ . t/ laxf/ / pQ/k|b]zdf /ftdf
slxn]sfxL“ nfdf] ;do;Dd lah'nL lgEg] ePsfn] udL{sf ;dodf s'n/ gePsf] o; 3/df jf; a:g cln
sl7g kg{] x'G5 .
xfdL bf];|f] tnfsf] ;8skl§sf] sf]7fdf a:g] eof}“ . xfdL uPsf a]nfdf wÌ lah'nL lge]g, /fte/ kª\vf
rn]sfn] zLtn eO/x\of] .
sfgk'/df vfgf ;:tf] . xfdLn] 5]psf] Pp6f ;fgf] xf]6ndf tGb'/L/f]6L, bfn, t/sf/L, crf/ / bxL vfof}“ . vfgf
/fd|f] / dL7f] dfq xf]Og Tolt;f/f] Jo:t xf]6nsf sd{rf/L klg slt /dfOnf † xfdLn] cfk\mg} 5/l5d]ssf] 3/df
vfPe}“m u/]/ vfgf vfg kfof}“ . ;'Tbf nueu P3f/ ah]sf] lyof] . sfgk'/sf] Tof] uNnL Tolta]nf klg plQs}
eL8ef8n] el/Psf] lyof] . /ftL d b'O{ ah]lt/ p7]/ aflx/ a/G8fdf lg:s]“ . tn xf]6ndf dflg;x¿ eL8ef8
ub}{ vfO/x]sf lyP . d k]ml/ ;f9] tLg ah]lt/ p7]“, xf]6nlt/ lrxfPsf] t dflg;x¿ ;f“emsf em}“ vfglkgdf
Jo:t †
d}n] 5f]/Lx¿ / ;LtfnfO{ p7fP/ sfgk'/sf] ;x/L Jo:ttf b]vfP“ . dnfO{ Psvfn] kL/ kg{ uof] . sf7df8f}“df
;f“emsf] ;ftcf7 alh;Stf dflg;x¿ cfcfk\mgf 3/leq 3'l;;S5g\ . ;8s z"Go / 8/nfUbf] x'G5 . otf
sfgk'/df /ftsf] ;f9] tLg ah] klg lbgsf em}“ ;8s el/e/fp 5, xf]6n / k;nx¿ cf–cfk\mgf sfddf 5g\ .
c¿n] ;o jif{df gu/]sf] sfd xfdLn] b; jif{df u/]/ pgLx¿sf] pÌltnfO{ e]§fpg'kg{]df c¿ lbgsf] rf}aL;
306f sfd ul//x]sf] a]nf xfdLrflx“ 5 306f u/]/ slxn] pgLx¿nfO{ e]6\g] <

@#= ef/t lxGb" /fHo 3f]lift x'g;S5

@)^@ ;fn c;f]h @# ut] cfOtaf/sf] laxfg xfdL sfgk'/sf] gofuGh rf}/fxfl:yt sgf}l8of wd{zfnfdf
lap“lemof}“ . cluNnf] /ft Onfxfafbdf a8f] si6sf ;fy sf6\g'k/]sf] / laxfgb]lv k|ofu, cfgGbejgh:tf
7"nf7"nf 7fp“ 3'd]/ klg 306f}“ /]nofqf u/]kl5 sfgk'/ hª\S;gsf] csf]{ ;'vfGt gf6s ;dfkg u/]sfn] yfSg'
yflsPsf] lyof] . laxfg cln lgs}a]/;Dd ;'ltof] . cfhsf] /ft eg] a8f] cf/fd;“u laTof] . laxfg Dofg]h/n]
atfPcg';f/ lrofgf:tf ug{kl§ nfUg'kg{]df xfdL To;} lx“8\g 7Ls k¥of}“ . kf]sfk'Gt'/f klg af]s]/} lx“8Øf}“ .
…e/;s ot} cfpg]5f}“, s'g} k|lts"ntf ePdf xfdL otf gcfO{ ;f]em} cfu/f nfUg]5f}“ . ptfaf6 kmls{“bf sfgk'/
eP/} kms{G5f}“ xf]nf, To;f] ePdf xfdL oxL“ jf; a:g cfpg] k|of; ug{]5f}“ .Ú ;Ltfn] Dofg]h/nfO{ elgg\ .
xfdL l/S;f lng'eGbf sfgk'/] dlg{ª jfs ug{ xf}l;Psf lyof}“ . xfdL a;]b]lv pQ/ nfu]kl5 lt/kfnsf bf]sfg
b]lvg yfn] . x/]s 3/ sDtLdf rf/tn] lyof] / k|To]s 3/sf] l8hfOg nueu p:t} lyof] . ;x/sf 3/ s:tf
x'G5g\ eÌ] gd'gf x]g{ Toxf“ k'Ug'k5{ . xfdL t O6x/L, jflnª / w'lnv]nnfO{ klg ;x/ eÌ vf]H5f}“ † lt/kfnsf
bf]sfg ;8ssf b'j}tkm{sf b'O{ tnfdf lyP . laxfg 5 gahLsg lg:s]sfn] xfdLn] v'nf bf]sfgx¿ b]Vg gkfP
klg ;fOgaf]8{af6} oL lt/kfnbf]sfgx¿ sqf x'g\ eÌ] cg'dfg ug{ ;SYof}“ . Pp6f uNnLdf k;]sf] t lgs} a]/
lx“8] klg Hj]n/x¿sf bf]sfg g;lsg] h:tf] nfUg] . ;'grf“bLsf uxgf eGbf klg xL/f, kÌf, d'uf, df]tLsf uxgf
agfpg] / Jofkf/Lx¿sf] crDdnfUbf] uNnL / k;n}k;nsf] slxNo} g6'ª\lug] j|md b]v]/ xfdL t bªbf; †
45
aNnaNn k"mnafu k'luof], af6f] t lgs} nfUof] . afkm /] † lbp“;f] of] 7fp“df slt eL8ef8 x'“bf] xf] † k"mnafu
k'u]/ x]bf{ o:tf] nfUYof] dfgf}“ ;+;f/sf] s]Gb| sfgk'/ g} xf] / sfgk'/sf] s]Gb| oxL k"mnafu xf] . laxfgsf] cfwf
pHofnf] / lah'nLsf] cfwf pHofnf]n] k"mnafunfO{ sNkgftLt ;'Gb/ agfO/x]sf] lyof] . dlg{ª jfsdf lx“8]sf
o'jfo'jtLx¿sf] tf“tL /x/nfUbf] lyof] . log}n] t xf] ;x/x¿nfO{ hjfg agfpg] †
d}n] t?gLx¿sf] Ps x"ndfly cf“vf 8'nfp“b} ;LtfnfO{ eg]“– …dflg; ;x/ k;]kl5 lsg slxNo} ufp“ kms{g
dfGb}g, yfxf 5 <Ú dgleqsf] k'?if s'gfdf s'g} ckl/eflift, cr]tg nf]e Psflaxfg} k}bf x'g nfu]sf] lyof] .
d]/f] efj k9\gdf ;Ltf ;w}“ dflx/, pgn] ddfly lr;f] kfgL vGofOg\– …;x/ af“Rg nfos x'gfsf] sf/0f p M
To:tf nf]enfUbf o'jsx¿ x'g\ . logsf] bz{g kfpg dfq klg dflg;n] ;x/} k:g'kg{] x'G5 .Ú zf/Ll/s Jofofdn]
ul7nf] Hofg agfPsf nueu cw{gUg o'jfx¿sf] k/]8tkm{ pgsf cf“vf 8f]l/Psf lyP .
…o'jfx¿eGbf t o'jtLx¿ slt xf] slt /fd|f b]lvG5g\ .Ú d}n] l9kL u/“] .
km/flsnf] ;8sdf lx“8fO lgs} l9nf] b]lvg] . xfdL lx“8\b} lyof}“ / xfd|f cf“vf ;f}Gbo{zf:qLo ljifodf k:t} lyP .
;'Gb/tf s] xf] / s;/L dl:tisn] j:t'nfO{ ;'Gb/ jf s'¿k 7x¥ofp“5 eÌ] ljifodf d]/f] s'g} cWoog 5}g . ca
sfgk'/sf] o; laxfgLdf ;'Gb/tfk|ltsf] ;Gt'lnt gh/ lgdf{0f ug{ ;Ltfaf6 ;xof]u kfOg] b]lvof] .
…clxn] tkfO{“sf] dl:tisdf ePsf] k'?if /f;folgs tŒj af]Nb} 5 . Ps l5g To; /;fognfO{ ;Dxfn]/ /fVg'xf];\ .
;To kQf nfluxfN5 .Ú
…s;/L <Ú
…s;/L eÌ] ca < s'v'/f, 9's'/, k/]jf / c¿ r/fx¿sf efn] ;'Gb/ b]lvG5g\ ls kf]yL < km"nsf] efn] efusf]
;'Gb/tf /fd|f] ls kf]yL efusf] < /f“uf] ;'Gb/ ls e}“;L < ufO{ ;'Gb/ ls uf]? < efn] kf]yLdf cfslif{t x'g' /
kf]yLnfO{ efn] /fd|f] nfUg' t xdf{]gsf] rnfvL g xf], t/ dl:tisnfO{ Ps}l5g of}gd'St cj:yfdf /fv]/ x]g{] xf]
eg] ;fdfGotof kf]yL e2f, k'm;|f], ;fgf], /f]uL / sdhf]/ b]lvg]5 rfx] hLjhGt', r/fr'?ª\uL x'g\ jf dflg;====.
hLjx¿df k'?ifhflt k"0f{, 5l/tf], e/ kg{ nfos / ;'Gb/ x'G5 .Ú
;'Gb/tfsf] :j:y / u}/n}ª\lus b[li6sf]0f lgdf{0f ug{df eGbf klg ;LtfnfO{ s'ts{ u/]/} eP klg x/fpg d
dlyª\un lvofO/x]sf] lyP“ . 5f]/Lx¿ xfd|f s'/faf6 k/ lyP / pgLx¿ hxf“ lyP dg klg ToxL“ r/fp“y] .
km"nafusf] dgf]xf/L laxfgLdf pgLx¿n] e]6]sf] cfgGb O{iof{nfUbf] lyof] .
…ltdLnfO{ vf]Hg ufp“ k:g'k¥of] lg †Ú d s'/fsf] o; TofGb|f]af6 s'g} lsgf/df pqg vf]Hb} lyP“ .
…t/ tkfO{“nfO{ t sf7df8f}“df dfq e]6\g ;lsof] †Ú
hlt ln“8]l9kL u/] klg cGTodf d}n] xf/]“ . xfd|f] lax]cl3 d sf7df8f}“sf] sf]6]Zj/df a:y]“ / ;Ltf df]/ªsf]
l;h'jfdf lyOg\ .
:s'nsn]hsf 5fq5fqfx¿, ;]gf jf k'ln;df k|j]z u/L b]z;]jf ug{ OR5's x§fs§f s]6fx¿, lbgel/ k;ndf
a:tfa:tf s“'lhg nfu]sf v'§fsf] e/df lx“8]sf cwa}“;] a]kf/Lx¿, a"9fa"9Lx¿ / s'g} xtf/sf] sfd k/]/ lx“8\g]x¿
;8sdf lyP . sf]xL Kof;]Gh/ kfOG5 ls eg]/ Psflaxfg} ;8sdf lg:s]sf l/S;fjfnx¿ 306L ahfp“b} cl3
a9\y] .
k"mnafudf /dfP/ 6xNg xfdLnfO{ of]hgfn] lbPg . xfdL l/S;f kj|m]/ a8]rf}/fxf k'Uof}“ . a8]rf}/fxfdf 6]Dkf] kj|m]/
lrl8of3/ k'Uof}“ . lrl8of3/ v'Ng] a]nf ePsf] lyPg . xfdL jl/kl/sf] b[Zodf /dfP/ 3'ld/x\of}“ . clnslt k'm;{t
ldn]sfn] d}n] s[i0fhLnfO{ kmf]g u/]“ .
s[i0f e§/fO{hL xfdL 8]/f a;]s} 3/df a:g] g]kfn 6]lnlehgsf ;'g;/L ;+jfbbftf x'g'x'G5 . xfdL cnucnu
k];fdf nfu]sf ;w}“ ldNg] l5d]sL / ;fyL ePsf 5f}“ . xfdL sfgk'/df s'zntfk"j{s 3'ld/x]sf] s'/f pxf“nfO{
atfPdf cfkmGt / ;fyLefOnfO{ xfd|f] af/]df hfgsf/L lng ;lhnf] x'g] ePsfn] d}n] pxf“nfO{ kmf]g ug'{ 7Ls
x'GYof] . d}n] s[i0fhLnfO{ O6x/f 3/df b;}“df xfdL cfOk'Ug clns l9nf] x'G5 h:tf] nfu]/ va/ ul/lbg cg'/f]w
klg u/]“ . O6x/fsf] 3/df va/ ug{ ;f]djf/]sf] kL;Lcf]df kmf]g ug'{kYof]{ . kL;Lcf]df x'g] eL8n] va/ l6kfpg]
kfn} kfO“b}gYof] . Tof] va/ 3/ k'¥ofPsf] aL; ?lkof“ ltg'{kYof]{ .

46
To;kl5 xfdLn] laxfgsf] vfhfe'hf lng' 7Ls 7fGof}“ . xfdL Pp6f ;fgf] xf]6]ncufl8 k'Uof}“ . xf]6ndf tfQftf]
lhn]aL kfSt} /x]5 . 5f]/Lx¿n] :jfb dfg]/ c3fp“hL lhn]aL vfP . pgLx¿n] bxL klg vfg dg u/] . To;
xf]6ndf e}“;Lsf] b"wsf] afSnf] bxL kfO“bf] /x]5 . :yfgLo k;n] / u|fxsx¿ t“5f8\d5f8\ ub{} Toxf“ bxL lsGbf
/x]5g\ . x'g t laxf/ / pQ/k|b]zsf w]/}h;f] ;x/df bxL :jfbsf ;fy vfOG5 / ;:t} klg kfOG5 .
k"hfn] d'vel/ bxL kfb{} egL– …eujfg\ s[i0fn] To;} rf]/]sf x'g\ / bxL †Ú
cg'hfsf] dgrflx“ bxLdf eGbf b"wdf /dfp“5 .
;Ltfn] elgg\– …s[i0fhLn] bxL rf]/]sf] 7fp“ klg x]g{ kfpg]5f} .Ú
cg'hfn] bflxg] xft xNnfp“b} egL– …ghfg], lbbLn] rf]g{ l;Sg'eof] eg]====<Ú cg'hf ;fx«} /x:odoL 5] . sd af]Ng]
dflg; cem ;'Gb/ / /x:ok"0f{ nfU5 dnfO{ . efj clnslt n'sfPs} /fd|f], h;/L sk8fleq n'sfO{ zf/Ll/s
/x:osf] /Iff ul/G5 .
xfdL lrl8of3/ v'Ng] a]nf;Dd cfkm\gf] ?lrcg';f/sf vfhfe'hf u/]/ ;f]xL xf]6ndf cfgGb;“u a:of}“ . cf7
aHof] . lrl8of3/cufl8 dflg;sf] rxnkxn ;'? eof] . xfdL cfk\mgf emf]nfs'6'/f af]s]/ d"n u]6df k'Uof}“ .
lrl8of3/ 3'd'Gh]n xfdLn] emf]nf ToxL“ la;fpg kfP x'GYof] eÌ] nfu]/ l6s63/df sd{rf/LnfO{ emf]nf /flvlbg
cg'/f]w u¥of}“ .
ef/tLo ;/sf/L sd{rf/L g]kfnsf h:t} t x'g\, s] ;'Gy] † ;le{; cyf{t\ ;]jf eÌ] zAbsf] cy{ pgLx¿sf]
efÈfdf zf;g xf] . xfdL emf]nf af]sLaf]sL lrl8ofvfgf 3'Dg afWo eof}“ . sfgk'/sf] lrl8of3/ hfpnfv]nsf]
lrl8ofvfgfh:tf]] ;fgf] xf]Og, Tof] /fd|/L 3'ld;Sg k"/f Ps lbg nfUnf . lrl8of3/df s]6fs]6Lsf nflu v]Ng]
7fp“x¿, r/fr'?ËL, zfsfxf/L / df+;fxf/L hGt'x¿, hnhGt'x¿, df5f, ;k{ju{ / ;fgf7"nf cg]s k|sf/sf
k|f0fLx¿sf nflu oxf“ Jojl:yt 7fp“ agfOPsf] 5 . x/]s 7fp“ / hGt' ;Ltf / 5f]/Lx¿sf nflu gof“ x'Gy] . d
klg plQs} /dfPsf] lyP“ . xfdLn] xfQLsf] 5]pdf pleP/, h]a|f, efn' cflb hGt'sf glhsaf6 / s]6fs]6L v]Ng]
7fp“df lgs}j6f kmf]6f lv“Rof}“ . ;a}lt/ 3'ld;Sg] s'/} lyPg, afx« ah]lt/ xfdL Toxf“af6 lg:Sof}“ .
ca lbgsf] tftf] 3fddf ;]lsg' af“sL lyof] . dnfO{ clncln h/f] cfO/x]sf] lyof] / l;6fdf]nsf uf]nL vf“b}
lx“l8/x]sf] lyP“ . 5f]/Lx¿ klg clncln ;f“Ss;'“Ss ul//x]sf lyP . ?3fn] ;a}nfO{ ;dflt/x]sf] eP klg xfdLn]
ofqfsf] /dfOnf] lng 5f8]sf lyPgf}“ . d}n] To; lbgsf] xfd|f] sfo{;"rL x]/]“ . ca vfglkgsf] ;do lyof] .
t/ lrl8of3/cufl8sf xf]6n lgs} ;fgf ePsfn] Toxf“ vfglkgsf] s'g} lrQa'em\bf] Joj:yf xf]nf h:tf] lyPg .
xfdL l/S;f kj|m]/ sNof0fk'/lt/ nfUof}“ . clns k/ Pp6f ;–;fgf] rf]s cfp“bf] /x]5 . ToxL“af6 sNof0fk'/sf
nflu a; kj|mg' 7Ls x'G5 eg]/ dflg;x¿n] eg] . glhs}sf] Pp6f rNtLsf] xf]6ndf k;]/ dhf;“u bfneft
vfof}“ . 3/af6 lx“8]b]lv otf bfneft vfg oltsf] cg's"ntf ldln/x]sf] lyPg .
sNof0fk'/ sfgk'/s} Ps pkgu/ /x]5 . of] ;x/ cToGt cJojl:yt t/ tLj|ultdf lgdf{0f eO/x]sf] b]lvof] .
sNof0fk'/af6 la7'/ hfg csf{] 6]Dkf] kj|mg'kg{] /x]5 . o:t} b'O–{ c9fO{ ah]sf] x'“bf] xf], xfdL la7'/ k'Uof}“ .
xfdL g]kfnsf] e}“;fnf]6gnfO{ njs'z hGde"ld dfG5f}“ . ToxL“ jfNdLlssf] d7 5 . b]j3f6g]/ ;Ltf clUgk/LIffdf
e"ue{–k|j]z ePsf] dflgg] 7fp“ 5 . t/ ef/tLox¿ la7'/nfO{ njs'z hGde"ld dfGbf /x]5g\ . njs'zsf] hGd
ePsf] elgPsf] 7fp“df dlGb/ agfOPsf] /x]5 . njs'zn] k|of]u ug{] u/]sf] elgPsf] Ogf/ klg /x]5 . kf7zfnf,
Ogf/ / jl/kl/sf kmn}“rf, rf}tf/f, dlGb/ / ejgx¿ ;a} cToGt k'/fgf b]lvG5g\ . d'Vo dlGb/ cToGt cUnf]
7fp“df 5 . dlGb/sf] kl/;/af6 w]/} k/k/;Dd b]lvG5 . k/k/;Dd cg]s b]jb]jLsf k'/fgf dlGb/x¿ b]lvG5g\ .
;Ltfn] elgg\– …yflsP5 . 9f8 w]/} b'Vof] .Ú
kLknsf] ¿vd'lgsf] 5fof k/]sf] rf}/df pgL tÌf cf]5\ofP/ klN6g\ . d pgnfO{ ToxL“ cf/fd ug{ lbP/ k08fx¿
ePlt/ nfu]“ .
d}n] Pshgf k08fnfO{ ;f]w]“– …oL dlGb/x¿ s]s]sf x'g\ <Ú

47
k08fn] eGof]– …afa"hL, la7'/df o:tf cg]s d7dlGb/ 5g\ . ;a}sf] af/]df hfg]/ ;fWo x'Ì . ;a}eGbf d'Vo
dlGb/ oxL xf], c¿ lji0f', lzj / b]jb]jLx¿sf cgluGtL dlGb/ x]/]/ tkfO{“x¿h:tf 6f9fsf ofq'sf nflu ;fWo
x'Ì . t/ Ps 7fp“ cjZo hfg'xf]nf . glhs} ;fO{afafsf] 7"nf] dlGb/ 5 . pQ/ ef/ts} ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;fO{s]Gb|
xf] Tof] . cjZo x]g'{xf]nf .Ú
…oxf“af6 slt 6f9f 5 < Toxf“ hfg a; jf 6ØfS;L s] kfOG5g\ <Ú
…6f9} 5 lg † a; jf 6]Dkf] t kfO“b}g, sfgk'/b]lv jf sNof0fk'/b]lv 6ØfS;L Nofpg ;lsG5 .Ú
…xfdLnfO{ cfh sfgk'/ k'Ug' 5 . ef]ln laxfg t xfdL cfu/flt/ nfluxfN5f}“ . tfhdxn x]g{ dg 5 .Ú
…lsg x]g'{k¥of] Tof] d';ndfgx¿sf] tLy{:yn tkfO{–“ xfdLn] <Ú
…Tof] d';ndfgx¿sf nflu tLy{:yn xf]nf, xfd|f nflu Tof] k|]d / snfsf] cg'kd gd'gf xf] .Ú
k08f d]/f s'/fn] Tolt v';L b]lvPg . p;n] dg cln dlngf] kf/]sf] k|:6 b]lvGYof] . pm dnfO{ k6sk6s
oxf“;Dd cfO;s]kl5 sd;] sd Ps lbg a;]/ ;fO{ s]Gb| x]/]/} dfq hfg cg'/f]w ul//x]sf] lyof] . p;n] j/k/
b]lvg] clns 7"nf cfsf/sf dlGb/x¿sf af/]df atfof] . lgs} k/k/;Dd dlGb/sf uh'/x¿ v8f b]lvGy] .
la7'/ uËflsgf/sf] a:tL /x]5 . pQ/kl§ ljzfn k}mnfj6df uËfgbL b]lvGYof] . xfdL uËf;Dd hfg rfxGYof}“ .
uËfsf] ljzfn kmf“6, k/k/;Dd sf“;3f/L / gbLsf] k}mnfj6n] >4f / cfgGb eGbf klg eo a9L k}bf uYof{] .
o:tf] ljzfn gbLdf af9L cfP/ lsgf/ s6fg ug{ yfNof] eg] † t/ klg h'uf}“b}lv of] gbL zflGtk"j{s cfk\mgf]
:yfgdf alx/x]sf] 5 .
wÌ la7'/ cfOP5 . xfdL lgs}a]/ dlGb/g]/sf] rp/df klN6of}“ . cln cf/fd ePkl5 xfdL kms{g} kYof]{ . la7'/
dlGb/kl/;/ zfGt / ;'/Do 7fp“ xf] . sfgk'/af6 lgs} 6f9fsf] ufp“ eP klg sfgk'/]x¿ oxf“ dgUu] cfphfp
ubf{ /x]5g\ . sfgk'/]x¿ lghL ;jf/L ;fwg x'g]n] lghL uf8Ldf, gx'g]n] l/he{ 6ØfS;Ldf eP klg cfO/xg] ubf{
/x]5g\ . ef/tLox¿ wfld{s ko{6gsf nflu dl/xQ] u5{g\ .
la7'/df njs'zn] k9]sf] elgPsf] kf7zfnf cem} /x]5 . pSt kf7zfnfdf njs'zn] jfNdLls Clifaf6 lzIff
kfPsf lyP /] . kf7zfnfdf lzjhL, u0f]z / ;/:jtLdftfsf d"lt{x¿ /flvPsf ljleÌ ljlzi6 sIf /x]5g\ . k"hf
/ cg'hfnfO{ Toxf“sf kl08tx¿n] b]jLb]jtfsf] bz{g ug{ eg] .
pgLx¿n] o;f] eg]– …lal6of † oxf“ bz{g s/s] b]jLb]jtf ;] 1fg dfuf] . oxf“ leqL dg ;] k"mn r9fcf] cf}/
ljBf dfuf] . oxf“ cfs/ dfug] ;] ljBf kfcf]u] cf}/ g]kfn d]+ hfs/ k/LIff d]+ k|yd xf]+u] .Ú
5f]/Lx¿n] w]/} elStsf ;fy eujfg\sf] bz{g u/] . xfdL Toxf“sf k'/ftflŒjs dxŒjsf ejgx¿ / kvf{nx¿ x]b{}
aflx/ lg:Sof}“ . Toxf“ d7sf] u'7L / /fHok|bQ eQf vfP/ cg]s zf:q1 kl08tx¿ a:tf /x]5g\ . d}n] Psl5g
ltgsf 1fgu'gsf s'/f ;'g]“ . ltgLx¿ k|frLg zf:qx¿sf 1ftf dfq xf]Og /x]5g\, cfhsf kl/jt{gx¿nfO{
cfk\mgf b[li6n] x]l//x]sf k|v/ lxGb"jfbL u'?x¿;d]t /x]5g\ . pgLx¿ g]kfnsf 36gfj|md;“u klg kl/lrt lyP .
pgLx¿ klg d}n] sl6xf/af6 a; r9\bf e]6]sf] ;xofqLs} ljrf/sf /x]5g\ . ef/tLo ;/sf/dfq xf]Og lgs}
ef/tLo ;j{;fwf/0f klg g]kfndf /fhf /xg'df ;a}sf] lxt b]Vtf /x]5g\ . w]/} lxGb" ef/tLox¿ g]kfndf /fhf
/xg'df cfk\mgf] sNof0f b]Vtf /x]5g\ .
ef/tsf] Oltxf; eg]sf] bf;tf / d'lStsf] n8fO“sf] Oltxf; xf], kl/ro–:yfkgfsf] n8fO“sf] syf xf] .
ef/tjf;Lsf] c7f;L k|ltzt ;ª\Vof lxGb" 5 t/ Toqf] ljzfn lxGb" hg;ª\Vof nfdf] ;dob]lv kl/roljxLg
eP/ slxn] d';ndfgx¿af6 zfl;t 5 t slxn] O;fO{x¿af6 zf]lift 5 . :jzf;gsf] :jfb klg ef/tLox¿sf
nflu 6/f{] g} eO/x]sf] 5 . ljzfn ef/t 6'j|m]/ kfls:tfg / aËnfb]z t cnu eP g}, sflZd/, gfufNofG8 /
cGo sltko /fHox¿df ljefhgsf] n8fO“ l56k'6 ¿kdf rln/x]s} 5 . ljzfn ef/tjif{ cyf{t\ lxGb"x¿sf]
ljzfn If]qsf ckmuflg:tfg, adf{, e'6fg, ltAat / cGo e"efux¿ lxGb" ;Eotfsf] xftaf6 k'mlTs;s] .
yfO{NofG8, sDaf]l8of, leotgfd, l;Ëfk'/, dn]l;of, OG8f]g]l;of / lkmlnlkG;;d]t s'g} ;do l;Ëf] ef/tjif{sf
Ps lx:;f lyP, cfh tL w]/} 6f9f k'lu;s]sf 5g\ . ef/tjif{sf] ljzfn ;Eotf v'Dr“b}v'Dr“b} uP/ cfh ef/t
PSn}n] ljZjsf ;fd' k|:t't ug'{k/]sf] 5 . g]kfn /fhf;lxtsf] Ps lxGb" /fHo /lx/x] ef/tLo lxGb"x¿sf nflu
kl/rosf] ;Í6 (Identity Crisis) sd kg{] x'G5 .

48
tL kl08tx¿n] d;“u dfcf]jfbLx¿sf dfu / ltgsf ljrf/sf] j}1flgstf, g]kfnL hgtfsf] cledt / zflGtk"0f{
/fhgLlt ul//x]sf bnx¿sf ultljlw clg jt{dfg kl/l:yltdflysf b[li6sf]0f k|:t't ug{ eg] . g]kfndf /fhf
;lj|mo ePsf] a]nf 5, df]afOn kmf]gdf ;d]t k|ltaGw nfu]sf] ;do 5 / /fhf PSn} lx“8\g] /x/ ub{} sl:;P/
cfk\mgf b'O{rf/ ;o k/Dk/fut eStx¿sf] cf8df zf;g ug{] b'/fzf kfn]sf] a]nf 5 eg] ;Dk"0f{ g]kfn /fhfsf
sfdsf/afxLn] a]r}g ag]sf] 5 . bzsf}“b]lv /fhfjfbL /x]sf kf6L{x¿ ;d]t ca /fhfnfO{ l6sfpg' eg]sf]
k|hftGqsf] lj?4 x'G5 eÌ] dgf]bzf ePsf] a]nf 5, d :s'n] pd]/b]lvsf] u0ftGqjfbL, d s;/L ef/tLo
kl08tx¿;“u ;xdt x'g ;Sy]“ / †
Pshgf kl08tn] eg]– …g]kfnsf /fhf lji0f'sf cjtf/ x'g\+ . eujfg\ ;fO{afaf klg /fhfnfO{ eujfg\ dfGb5g\ .Ú
d}n] eg]–“ …tkfO{“x¿ g]kfnsf /fhfnfO{ ;Ddfg ug{'x'G5 . of] xfd|f nflu v'[;Lsf] s'/f xf] . of]] Psk|sf/n] g]kfnsf
hgtfsf] klg ;Ddfg g} xf] . t/ ca g]kfnsf dflg; /fhtGqnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg rfxÌg\ . g]kfnsf /fhf
cTofrf/L, :jfyL{ / nf]n'k 5g\ .Ú
…ljZj s] Oltxf; d]+ seLsef/ xL /fhfcf+] pbf/, hglk|o cf}/ hgtf s] lno] d/ld6s/ cfbz{ ags/ sfd
s/t] x} . ef/t d]+ s'n ldnfs/ bf] rf/ ;f} /fHo y] . pg /fHof]+ d]+ ;] s'5 xL /fHof]+ d] s'5 xL /fhfcf]+ g]
Oltxf; d]+ ;demg] of]Uo sfd s/ ;s] . O;Llno] ef/tjif{ s] ljåfgf]+ g] pg c;n /fhfcf]+ sf] lstfaf]+ d]+ rrf{
Pjd\ k|z+;f sL x} .Ú k08fsf] ts{af0f dlt/ xflÌof] .
…To;}sf/0f t ef/tjif{ dfq xf]Og ;+;f/el/af6 /fhj+z pv]lnO/x]sf 5g\ . /fhtGq ca ck|f;ª\lus eO;s] .Ú
…lxGb" ;Eotfdf+ /fhfx¿sf] :yfg pRr 5 . xfd|f] kl/ro /fhfljxLg b]zaf6 aGb}g . /fhf;lxtsf] b]z g}
lxGb"x¿sf] b]z xf] . ef/t ca lxGb"x¿sf] b]z /x]g . ;fg} eP klg xfdLnfO{ Pp6f cnUu} lxGb" b]z x'g'k5{ .Ú
…Oltxf; kfn]/ jt{dfg hLjg rNb}g . t}klg tkfO{“x¿nfO{ /fhf rflxPs} xf] eg] cfkm\gf s'g} /fhj+zaf6 Ps
/fhf 5fÌf];\ g † g]kfnsf gful/sn] /fhf /fv'g\ of g/fv'g\, tkfO{“x¿nfO{ s] lng'lbg' 5 / <Ú
ef/tLox¿sf] klxrfgsf nflu xfdL g]kfnLn] /fhf kflnlbg] < pgLx¿nfO{ k"hf ug{ vf]kLsf b]jtf rflxPsf]
eP d}n] laxf/LnfO{ eg]sf] …xfd|} /fhf nu] x'G5Ú eÌ] ts{ k]ml/ bf]xf]¥ofP“ .
t/ oL kl08tx¿ Tolt ;lhn} xfg{]jfnf lyPgg\ . pgLx¿n] eg]– …/fi6« cyf{t\ hfltsf] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] ;Í6
eg]sf] kl/rosf] ;Í6 xf] . ef/tLo /fi6« lxGb" 5 t/ o;sf] klxrfg h'uf}“b]lv lxGb" aÌ ;s]g . ePsf] Pp6f
l5d]sL b]zn] klg lxGb" klxrfg d]6fpg vf]h]sf] xf] ls eÌ] 8/ eO;Sof] . ca lxGb"x¿sf] cnu kl/ro s]n]
lbg] < ls xfdLn] x/]s ljrf/, bz{g, hLjgz}nL, 3/, ufp“ jf b]z rnfpg] tl/sf klg klZrd]nLx¿af6 k}“rf]
lng'kg{] < xfd|f] s'g} gd'gf 5}g < x]gf]{;\ efO, b]z d]l6P k]ml/ xfdLn] ;Ldf sf]/]/ cfk\mgf] b]z v8f ug{ ;Sg]5f}“,
;DklQ / pÌlt cfh geP ef]ln h'6fpg ;S5f}“ t/ hLjgbz{g / ;+:s[lt d]l6of] eg] Tof] hft ;dfKt eof] eÌ]
a'em] x'G5 . lxGb" ;+:s[ltdf /fhfsf] :yfg ckl/xfo{ 5 . xfdL efG;f vfg nfUbf ;d]t clnslt /fhf, b]jtf /
lkt[nfO{ r9fP/ dfq vfG5f}“ .Ú
d}n] eg]–“ xfdL ul/a 5f}“ . xfdL;“u /fhf gfdsf] ;]tf] xfQL kfNg] vr{ 5}g . xfdLnfO{ /fhf gfdsf] cTofrf/L
vnsk|lt s'g} cfb/efj jf :g]x klg 5}g . /fhfsf] j+zn] xfdLnfO{ Oltxf;el/ slxNo} cTofrf/afx]s s]xL
lbPg . tkfO{“ aflxl/ofx¿nfO{ t s] 5 / † t/ xfdL cfk"mnfO{ l/gdf 8'afP/ l5d]sLsf nflu uxgf lslglbg
;St}gf}“ . /x\of] s'/f lxGb" klxrfgsf], g]kfnsf hgtfn] cfk"mnfO{ lxGb" klxrfg lbg rfxG5g\ . g]kfn lxGb" /fHo
xf] / lxGb" /fHosf ¿kdf g} of] /xg]5 clg clwsf+z ef/tLo hgtf lxGb" 5“b} 5g\ / logn] rfx] ef/t klg
lxGb" /fHo 3f]lift x'g ;lsxfN5 lg †Ú
dnfO{ g]kfn l56} wd{lg/k]If /fi6« aÌ nfu]sf] cg'dfg ePg . ;f“Rr} eÌ] xf] eg] d k"0f{ gfl:ts x'“ t/ of] b]z
lxGb" /fi6« ePs} /fd|f] dfG5', gfl:tssf nflu lxGb" wd{df afx]s s'g} wd{df klg :yfg 5}g, o;} eP/ xf] jf
lsg xf] dnfO{ yfxf 5}g . t/ c¿ b]zsfn] d]/f] b]z o:tf] jf p:tf] x'g'k5{ eg]/ pkb]z lbPsf] dnfO{ k6Ss
dg kb{}g . ukm lgs} nlDaGYof] xf]nf t/ ;don] dnfO{ pgLx¿sf s'/f ;'Ì] jf ts{ ug{] clwsf/ lbPsf] lyPg .
kl08tx¿ Xbob]lv g} g]kfnsf /fhfk|lt >4f /fVtf /x]5g\ / g]kfnsf jt{dfg /fhfn] ;Í6af6 b]znfO{ lgsf;
lbg] klg ljZjf; ubf{ /x]5g\ .

49
kl08tx¿nfO{ d}n] eg]“– …d g]kfndf s]xL klqsf / k|sfzgu[x;“u ;Da4 5' . tkfO{“x¿ cfk\mgf ljrf/ n]vL
k7fpg'xf];\ d s;}nfO{ cg'jfb u/fP/ jf cfk}“m cg'jfb u/]/} eP klg tL ljrf/ klqsfdf 5fKg]5' . To;af6
pTkÌ kf7sLo k|ltlj|mof d tkfO{“sf nflu lxGbLdf cg'jfb u/]/ k7fp“nf . oxf“ d Pp6fnfO{ eg]/ s] x'G5 /,
l;Ë} g]kfn /fhtGqsf] lj/f]wdf pleg nfu]sf] 5 clxn] .Ú
dnfO{ leq st} dgdf 8/ klg nflu/x]sf] lyof] otf st} xfd|f] /fhfsf ;'/fsL /x]5g\ eg] t ======† dfcf]jfbL
ePsf] cleof]udf ;lxb x'g kfOg] kf] xf] ls, s] 7]ufg †
d}n] lx“8\g] a]nfdf tL ef/tLox¿nfO{ eg]“– …g]kfndf /fhf /xg], g/xg] dfcf]jfbLsf] tfutdf e/ k5{, bnx¿n]
dfcf]jfbLnfO{ ;fy lbP /fhf 9N5 . /fhfsf] 9fn ag]/ cd]l/sf, ef/t / zfxL ;]gf pleO/x] eg] /fhf hlt;'s}
cTofrf/L eP klg lgs} nfdf] ;do;Dd l6ls/xg]5 . t/ d"lt{rf]/L, r]nLa]6L a]rlavg, xTof / t:s/Lsf]
cleof]u nfu]sf] xfd|f] /fhfnfO{ lji0f'sf] cjtf/ gelglbg'xf]nf, o;af6 lji0f' eujfg\sf] t ckdfg x'G5 g},
tkfO{“x¿sf] lgot klg vf]6f] b]lvg]5 †Ú
d ukm 6'ª\UofP/ ;Ltf eP7fp“ k'u]“ . pgL cem} rf}/df klN6O/x]sL lyOg\ . 5f]/Lx¿ otfptf plk|m/x]sf lyP .
;don] la7'/af6 xfdLnfO{ labf dfUg nufof] . of] 7fp“ 5f8\g'cl3 oxf“sf] Ogf/sf] af/]df Pp6f s'/frflx“ gegL
gx'g] 5 . 7fp“ t of] uËflsgf/s} xf] t/ Ogf/ lsg x]6f}“8fsf h:t} ulx/f < d}n] k"hfnfO{ njs'zx¿n] k|of]u
u/]sf] Ogf/ x]g{ eg]“ . k"hfn] Tof] Ogf/ x]b{} egL–
…afkm /] † slt ulx/f] † x]b{} a]xf]; eOG5 ls Sof xf] †Ú
cg'hf klg Tof] ulx/f] Ogf/ x]g{ bf}8]/ uO{ . p;n] Ogf/ x]/]/ 7"nf] d'v afO{ .
la7'/ eÌ] ufp“ ;fg} eP klg If]qkmn 7"nf] 5 . oxf“ wfld{s dxŒjsf sf/0f htftt} 3/x¿ aÌ] j|md b]lvof] .
v]taf/L t st}st} b]lvg], v'Nnf rp/ / sDkfpG8 af/]sf 7"nf7"nf rfSnfx¿ htftt} . aGb} u/]sf /
alg;s]sf 3/ x]bf{rflx“ cfjf;Lo h:tf b]lvÌy] . x/]s lgdf{0f 7"nf / s'¿k nfUg] . 6]Dkf]af6 Psfw 306f nfUg]
af6fsf b'j}lt/ gfËf] 7fp“ dfq . Tof] 7fp“ gfËf] x'g'sf] sf/0f pTkfbg gx'g] eP/ xf]Og, 7"nf] ;x/sf 5]pdf
a8]a8] pBf]uklt / Jofkf/Lx¿n] cf]u6]sfn] xf] . st} wfld{s k|of]hgsf nflu, st} cf}Bf]lus k|of]hgsf nflu t
st} TolQs} eljiodf /fd|f] d"No kfOg] cfzfn] hldg cf]u6]sf] b]lvGYof] . dflg;sf] a;f]jf; eg] cToGt kftnf]
. nfvf}“ la3f hldg TolQs} v]/ uO/x]sf] b]Vtf g/fd|f] nfUg] .
6]Dkf] kj|m]/ sfgk'/lt/ nfUof}“ . xfdLn] 6]Dkf]jfnfnfO{ cfk"m h]s] 6]Dkn hfg] atfof}“ . lbg lgs} 9lNs;s]sf] lyof]
. ck]Iff u/]eGbf lgs} l9nf] u/L 6]Dkf]n] sfgk'/ ;x/leq NofOk'¥ofof] . h]s] 6]Dkn hfg ;lhnf] kg{] 7fp“df
NofOk'¥ofPkl5 6]Dkf]n] cf]/flnlbof] . 6]Dkf]–8«fOe/n] oxf“af6 l/S;fef8f olt ltg"{ / otfotf hfg" egL l;sfof] .
af6fsf b'j}tkm{ b]lvP;Dd ;8ssf b'j}tkm{ x]Nd]6sf k;n lyP . x]Nd]6}–x]Nd]6 . l/S;f s'b\b} uof], x]Nd]6sf
cgluGtL bf]sfg k5fl8 kb{} uP . pQ/k|b]zdf :s'6/ jf df]6/;fOsnsf rfns jf ofq'n] x]Nd]6 nufpg'kg{]
s'g} sfg'gL afWotf 5}g . t/ x]Nd]6sf k;nx¿sf] /ldtf x]/]kl5 ef/tLox¿sf] ;8s–/Iff;DaGwL r]tgfnfO+{
;nfd ug{}k5{ .
h]s] 6]Dkn cToGt ljzfn /x]5 . s'g} wgf9Ø pBf]ukltn] cfk\mgf] sDkgLsf] k|rf/fy{ agfPsf] /x]5 of] dlGb/ .
ef/tLo pBf]ukltx¿sf] nx8 klg slxn]sfxL“ cgf}7} nfU5 . ljzfn k}mnfj6sf aLr cToGt cUnf] /
l;Ëd/d/n] agfOPsf] of] lji0f'dlGb/ x]l//x“' nfUg] /x]5 . hnk|kft / k"mnafux¿ x]l//x“" nfUg] . dflg;x¿
otfptf 6xln/x]sf . km/fs rp/x¿df afnaflnsf / k'?if–dlxnfx¿ /dfO{/dfO{ v]ln/x]sf . sfgk'/el/sf] ;'v
oxf“ lkm“lhO/x]sf] lyof], sfgk'/] ;'Gb/tf oxf“ kmlj|m/x]sf] lyof] . dlGb/sf] Joj:yfkg, ;'/Iff / ;/;kmfO klg
gd'gf g} /x]5 . xfdL Toxf“ nueu Ps 306f a:of}“ . leq ljleÌ b]jLb]jtfsf] k"hfdf dflg;x¿ dUg lyP .
xfdLn] To; dlGb/df ;kl/jf/ ;fo+sfnLg k"hfdf efu lng kfof}“ .
d}n] lji0f'–nIdLsf] d"lt{cufl8 xft hf]8]/ tGdoefjn] …g dGqd\ gf] oGqd\=====Ú 7"nf] :j/df pRrf/0f u/]“ .
5f]/Lx¿ / ;Ltf klg xft hf]8]/ ;“u} pleO/x] . cf/fwgf ;lsof] . k"hfdf z'4 dGq pRrf/0f u/]sf] ;'g]/ x'g'k5{,
kl5 Pshgf ef/tLo enfbdLn] dnfO{ …kl08thL † eg]/ ;Daf]wg u¥of] †

@$= sfgk'/] b;}“

50
xfdL To;kl5 l/S;f ;// r9]/ df]tLlemn uof}“ . o;kN6 xfdL To;sf] v} s'g efudf k'Uof}“ sf]lg, kf]xf]/k/fxf/
d k'u]sf] df]tLlemneGbf of] leÌ} xf] ls h:tf] nfu]/ cfof] . dflg;x¿sf cg';f/ oxf“ rf/kf“rcf]6f ljzfn
kfs{x¿ 5g\, tL ;a}sf] ;+o'St ¿k g} df]tLlemn xf] c/] . ef/tLo :jtGqtf;ª\u|fdsf jL/ of]4f df]tLnfn
g]x¿sf] ;Demgfdf agfOPsf] of] kfs{ :ju{sf] Ps 6'j|mf] g} xf] . l6s6 sf6L k|j]z u¥of}“ / clnslt abfd lsg]/
vf“b} xfdL kfs{df otfptf 3'Dof}“ . 5f]/Lx¿ lkªdf /dfP/ v]ln/x]sf lyP . oxf“sf] ;f“em / lemlnldnL x]l//x"“
nfUbf] x'G5 . of] kfs{ olt km/flsnf] 5 ls xhf/f}“ dflg; Ps;fy k;] klg oxf“ eL8ef8 x'Ì . ef/tsf
k"j{k|wfgdGqL /fhLj ufGwLsf] ;Demgfdf agfOPsf] kfs{ klg oxL“ 5 . /fhLj ufGwL tldn cftÍjfbLx¿åf/f
xTof ul/Psf lyP . xfdL kfs{df 3'Db} ePsf] a]nf ef/tsf] s]Gb|Lo /fhgLltdf ltg} /fhLjsL ljwjf ;f]lgof
ufGwLsf] jr{:j lyof] . xfd|f b'j} 5f]/Lx¿ /fhLj ufGwLkfs{df lgs}a]/ a]n'g cflb v]n]/ /dfO/x] . xfdLrflx“
lbge/sf] ysfgn] n:t eP/ To; ;'Gb/ kfs{sf] xl/of] b'af]dfly nDk;f/ k/]/ cf/fd ul//x\of}“ . ;f“emsf] /ËLg
aQLsf] pHofnfdf ef/tLox¿sf aLr cToGt /d0fLo jftfj/0fdf xfdL w]/}a]/ /dfof}“ . cf7 alh;Stf klg
xfd|f] dg kfs{ 5f8\g tof/ ePg . cGTodf xfdL Gofgf] / ;'vb cg'e"lt a6'Nb} kfs{aflx/ lg:s]/ lx“8Øf}“ .
htftt} b'uf{k"hfsf] tof/L rln/x]sf] lyof] . ;8ssf] Ps 5]p ldr]/ sfgk'/]x¿n] af“; / sk8fsf dlGb/
agfO/x]sf lyP . tL x]bf{ :yfoL dlGb/em}“ b]lvGy] . xfdL b]jLehg / ;x/L lemlnldnL x]b{} cl3 al9/x\of}“ . l/S;f
r9]/ ;x/sf] /ldtf x]b{} a8]rf}/fxf hfg dg nfUof], ef8f ;f]w]sf] t kRrL; ?lkof“ kf] eGof] . xfdL clns
j/;Dd lx“l8x]¥of}“ . lx“8]/ sxf“ k'Ug' / † cGTodf Pp6f l/S;f r9]/ glhssf] 6]Dkf] :6]G8;Dd k'Uof}“ . 6]Dkf] r9]/
nueu cfwf 306fdf xfdL k"mnafu cfOk'Uof}“ . sf]7fdf k'Ubf b; aHg nfu]sf] lyof] . l/S;fdf cfPsf] eP P3f/
ah] klg gcfOk'lug] /x]5 †
xfd|f] wd{zfnfcufl8sf] xf]6ndf eL8ef8 x]g{nfos lyof] . hlt;'s} Jo:t eP klg xf]6nsf sd{rf/Lx¿
xf“;Lxf“;L sfd ul//x]sf lyP . pgLx¿ otfptf bf}l8“b} x/]s u|fxssf] cfjZostf–k"lt{df lbnf]Hofgn] nfu]sf
lyP . xfdLn] lxhf] a]n'sfsf em}“ tGb'/L–/f]6L dufof}“ . bfn, crf/, t/sf/L / bxL;“u xfdLn] dL7f tGb'/L/f]6L
vfof}“ . ;'Tg'cl3 5f]/Lx¿n] PsPs …3}nfÚ sfgk'/] b"w klg vfP . xfdL a;]sf] wd{zfnfsf] cf8}df Pp6f b"wk;n
lyof] . To;n] b"w df6fsf ;–;fgf 3}nfdf a]RYof] . 3}nf klg s] eÌ', cfsf/df 3}nfh:tf eP klg tL nf]xf]6f
lyP . To;n] b"w rnfPsf] / ;fnvf]n u/]sf] x]bf{ v'a dhf nfUg] . pm Psbd dflyaf6 Pp6f nf]xf]6faf6 csf{]
nf]xf]6fdf b"w vGofp“Yof] t/ To;f] ubf{ Ps yf]kf] klg kf]Vt}gYof] . lbgel/sf] udL{ kvfnk'v'n / g'xfOw'jfO
ul/;s]/ ;'Tg nfUbf sfgk'/]sf] b;}“sf] lemlnldnL / ofqf x]g{] a]nf ePsf] /x]5, x]g{ kfOof] . ;x/sf s/f]8klt
Jofkf/L, ;fx'dxfhg, ltgsf 3/]n' sfdbf/, l/S;fjfnf ;a} Ps} nx/df lyP . ofqfdf /fdsyf d~rg x'“bf] /x]5
. 6«]S6/sf] 6«]n/df d~r agfO{ /fdfo0fsf] gf6s d~rg x'“bf] /x]5 . k|sfz / nfp8l:ks/sf nflu h]g]/]6/ lyP .
6]«n/ dflg;x¿ ldn]/ tfGy] . h'n';sf] klxnf] d~rn] /fdfo0fsyfsf cluNnf sf08x¿ d~rg uYof]{ eg]
kl5Nnf d~rx¿n] j|mdzM kl5Nnf sf08x¿ d~rg ubf{ /x]5g\ . Ps8]9 306f;Dddf krf;;f7L 6«]n/df
agfOPsf d~rn] ;Dk"0f{ /fdfo0fsyf d~rg ul/;Stf /x]5g\ . ;Dk"0f{ ;x/jf;Lx¿ h'n';df lg:s]em}“ nfUYof] .
nfp8l:ks/sf] cfjfhn] ;x/} u'Ghfodfg x'GYof] .
xfdLsxf“ b;}“ eg]sf] 3/3/df v;L 9fNg], df;'lrp/f vfg] / 6LsfblIf0ffdf ;Lldt 5 . otf ef/tLo ;x/x¿df
;Dk"0f{ /fdfo0f 6f]n6f]ndf / uNnLuNnLdf k|bz{g x'G5, 3/3/df b]jLsf] k"hf x'G5 . b;}“sf] xfdLsxf“ h:tf]
s'¿k pT;j g Onfxfafbdf b]lvof] g sfgk'/df . of] x]bf{ cfkm\gf] b;“} dgfpg] tl/sf c;Eo nfUg] . x'g t
logLx¿l;t clns a9L k};f eP/ klg xf], t/ k};fn] dfq ;Eotf emNsg] xf]Og .
xfdL sfgk'/sf] b;}“/ldtf a/G8faf6 x]b{} a:of}“ . ;Ltfn] sfgk'/ / xfd|f ;x/sfx¿sf] cg'zf;gsf] t'ngf ul/g\ .
pgn] elgg\– …g]kfnLx¿;“u l/; 5 . l/;dfq 5 . Tof] l/; kf]Vg] 7fp“sf] vf]hLdf ef}“tfl/O/x]sf] 5 g]kfn . x/]s
o'jfsf] /ut l/;n] plDn/x]sf] 5 cfh . To; l/;n] cfk}“mnfO{ e:d ubf{ klg g]kfnLsf] l/; db}{g . e:df;'/ /
b'af{;f ldn]kl5 xfdL aG5f}“ .Ú pgn] sfgk'/ lrl8ofvfgf hf“bf k"mn a]Rg lz/b]lv k}tfnf;Dd sfnf] sk8fdf
a]l/P/ lx“8]sL Ps d';ndfg dlxnfsf] d[b' af]nLjrg / ;f}Do Jojxf/ ;De“mb} elgg\–
…Tof] cfOdfO{ slt s'¿kf lyO{, t/ To;sf] af]nLjrg===† k"hfnfO{ …cf lal6of, cf, d]/L uf]b d]+ cfÚ eg]/ af]nfO{ .
g]kfnLsf] dgdf t c¿nfO{ …uf]b d]+Ú xf]Og …uf]b\g]Ú dfq x'G5 . hlt;'s} eL8ef8 / c;lhnf] eP klg w]/}
ef/tLox¿ cfkm\gf] sf/0fn] c¿nfO{ afwf k'Unf ls eg]/ ;hu / ;ts{ x'G5g\, s;/L c¿nfO{ d2t ug{
;lsG5 eg]/ ;f]lr/xG5g\ . otf xfd|fx¿nfO{ csf{nfO{ b'Mv lbg g;lsP k/fhoaf]w x'G5 .Ú

51
pgn] kf]xf]/;fn 36]sf] ksnL ;'g;/Lsf] 36gf ofb u/fOg\— lax]sf] sfo{j|md rln/x]sf] lyof] . sfo{j|mdsf]
lel8of] lvRg] o'js otfaf6 ptf ub{} lel8of] lvRb} lyof] . Sofd/fsf] b[li6sf]0f abNg Sofd/fDofg o;f] s]
rNdnfPsf], p;n] csf]{ o'jssf] v'§f] s'Nrg k'u]5 . ca s] rflxof] < s'NrfO vfg] o'jssf] /ut plDnOxfNof] .
gof“ g]kfnsf] gS;f sf]g{sf nflu To:tf] cTofrf/L Sofd/fDofg afws lyof] . lax]sf] cgfjZos pT;j /f]lsof],
…dxfg\ hgo'4Ú ;'? eof] . wfl/nf] 5'/Ln] To;sf] ToxL“ ;kmfof u¥of] . b'O{rf/ lbgkl5 ;'lgof]– dg{] …dxfg\ ;lxbÚ
3f]lift eof] / dfg{] …kf6L{sf] jL/ of]4fÚ . pm ce}m …/fhaGbLÚ xf]nf . b'j}sf] hLjg v]/ uPg †

@%= hLjgsf] dxfljBfnoaf6

@)^@ c;f]h @$ ut] ;f]daf/ xfdL xfd|f] ofqfsf] ;ftf}“ laxfg sfgk'/af6 cfu/fsf nflu labf eof}“ .
wd{zfnfdf b'O{ /ft latfP klg Toxf“sf] ;xh jftfj/0fn] Tof] 7fp“ cfk\mg} h:tf] nfUg yfln;s]sf] lyof] .
sfgk'/af6 cfu/fsf nflu 6«]gsf] l6s6 ln“bfrflx“ xfdLn] k"hfsf nflu aRrfl6s6 lng la;{]gf}“ . k]ml/ s'g cfkt\
cfOnfUg] xf], s] 7]ufg †
;fwf/0f ofq'l8Aafdf cToGt 3'O“rf] x'GYof] . ;}lgsl8Aafdf rflx“ a:g–;'Tg dgUu] 7fp“ kfOg] . xfdL ;}lgs
l8Aafdf r9Øf}“ . s;}n] /f]s]g . c¿ ofqL r9\g vf]Hy], ;}lgsx¿ …pt/f], pt/f]Ú elgxfNy] . d ;Íf]ra]u/
;/f;/ clwsf/ k'u]em}“ r9\y]“ . ;fob pgLx¿n] dnfO{ ;}lgs ;]jfsf] JolSth:tf] nfu]/ s]xL geg]sf xf]nfg\ .
d]/f] zf/Ll/s agfj6, l8Aafdf r9\g] sfObf / ;fob d]/f] xfpefpn] klg s;}n] ;}lgs xf]Og ls eg]/ zÍ}
gu/]sf xf]nfg\ . jf x'g ;S5 bofdfof nfu]/ e}uf] lg t eg]/ r9\g lbPsf x'g\ . h] eP klg leq kl;;s]kl5
l;lelnog xf] eÌ] yfxf kfP klg cf]/fNgrflx“ s;}nfO{ cf]/fNbf /x]g5g\ . ;f]Wg]nfO{ d}n] slxNo} ;}lgs x'“ eÌ
x'ÌYof], elgg“ .
o;/L ofqf ug{]n] a]n}df l/he{];g l6s6 sf6\g] u5{g\ . cfk"m t xfjfn] htf p8fp“5, kfgLn] htf axfp“5 pt}
nfUg] afgLsf] kl/of] . d]/f] of]hgf/lxt hLjgz}nLaf6 d]/f hxfgkl/jf/ t kLl8t 5g\ g}, ;fyLefO /
cfk\mgfx¿n] klg dgUu] b'Mv kfPsf 5g\ . ;dosf] kl/kfng d]/f] a'tfaflx/sf] s'/f xf] . O6x/Lsf Ps /fd|f
snfsf/ ljj|md>Lsf zAb k}“rf} lng] xf] eg] ;don] snfsf/nfO{ af“Wg ;St}g . lga{Gwtf snfsf] ljz]iftf xf] .
snfdf oflGqstf ldNb}g . oflGqstfn] pTkfbg t u5{ t/ l;h{gfnfO{ ;dfKt kf5{ . pTkfbga]u/ hLjg rNb}g
t/ l;h{gfa]u/ hLjg lhpg nfos x'Ì . d]/f] hLjg af“Rg] tl/sf snf xf] ls s] xf] d hflGbg“, t/
;docg';f/ rNg d ;lStg“ . o; ;"qnfO{ xfd|f] o;kflnsf] ofqf;“u s;/L le8fpg ;lsG5, d eÌ ;lStg“ .
Pp6f s'/f kSs} xf], xfdLn] hxf“ k'u]/ klg af6f] abNg ;SYof}“, hxf“ hlt klg a:g kfp“Yof}“ / 6«]g 5'6\nf jf
;do gk'u]/ rfx]sf] 7fp“df rfx]hlt ;do lbg gkfOg] xf]nf eÌ kb{}gYof] . xfdL jf:tljs hLjgdf em}“ knkn
gof“ lg0f{o ug'{kg{] cj:yfdf x'GYof}“ .
uËflsgf/sf] ;x/ sfgk'/af6 xfdL od'gfgbLlsgf/tkm{ nflu/x]sf lyof}“ . af6fsf b'j}tkm{ ljzfn ;dy/ e"efu
k}mlnPsf] x'GYof] . cg]s gfdsf ;fgfltgf ahf/, ufp“ / ;x/ cfp“y], hfGy] . afh/fsf a8fa8f v]tx¿ cfp“y] .
:yfgLo dflg;x¿ afh/fnfO{ …afh8LÚ eGbf /x]5g\ . afh/fsf] af]6 xfd|flt/sf ds}sf] hqf] / h'g]nfsf] af]6h:t}
x'“bf] /x]5 . t/ o;sf] kmnrflx“ ds}sf] wfgrd/ nfUg] 7fp“df sf];Llsgf/sf k6]/ k'mNbfsf em}“ 3f]uf] b]lvg] /x]5
. afh/fsf] /f]6L vfO“bf] /x]5 . kl5 xfdLn] afh/fsf] /f]6L vfg] /x/ ul/x]¥of}“, t/ lgs}k6s k|oTg u/] klg
ck]lIft cg's"ntf h'6fpg ;s]gf}“ . af6fsf 5]pdf h'g]nf], sfu'gf] / abfdsf v]tx¿ klg b]lvGy] . xfdLnfO{
;a}eGbf cgf}7f] nfUg] s'/frflx“ xfd|flt/ ;+;f/ hndUg ePsf a]nf otfrflx“ xfd|f] r}tj}zfvsf em}“ ;'Svf lyof]
. ;8s / rp/df ;'sfp/f] nfu]/ r}tdf em}“ emf/ dg{ nfu]sf] lyof] . kfls;s]sf] afh/f sf6]/ vfnL ePsf]
v]tdf 6«ØfS6/n] hf]ltPsf] x'GYof] / Tof] v]t otf r}tdf ;gkf6 5g{ 7Ls kfl/Psf] v]tem}“ b]lvGYof] . j/k/
cf“k, s6x/, s]/f, lnrL, af“; cflb b]lv“b}gy] . ;fob ufp“3/sf 5]p5fpdf tL ¿vla?jf nufOG5g\ ls †
a]nfa]nf cln kfgL ePsf] / wfg /f]lkPsf] hldg cfp“Yof] t/ wfgsf] v]tL otf xfdLsxf“ r}t] wfg /f]k]em}“
b]lvGYof] .
xfdL r9]sf] 6«]gdf ;}lgsx¿sf] ;ª\Vof lgs} /x]5 . pgLx¿dWo] xfd|f] 5]psf ;}lgsx¿ ldhf]/dsf] cfOhfnb]lv
;?jf eP/ hDd" uO/x]sf lyP . nfdf] ofqf ePsfn] pgLx¿ lgl:kmj|mL eP/ otfplt nl8/x]sf, ukmufkm
52
ul//x]sf, klqsf jf lstfa kl9/x]sf lyP . -xfdLsxf“ ePsf eP ;}lgsx¿ tf; v]Ny] jf /S;L–lao/sf af]tn
?“u]/ al;/x]sf x'Gy] xf]nfg\, d}n] xfd|fx¿sf] k'm;{t sf6\g] sfObf b]v]sf] 5' †_ tL ;}lgsx¿n] xfd|f 5f]/Lx¿nfO{
af]nfP . vfhf vfg nfu]sfx¿n] cfk"m;“u ePsf]af6 gfgLx¿nfO{ 5'6ØfP/ lbP . s]6fs]6L ;a}sf 5f]/f5f]/L
x'G5g\ . ;}lgsl8Aaf ePsfn] 5f]/Lx¿n] dhfn] ;'Tg] 7fp“ kfP .
/ftL Ps ah]dfq ;'ltPsfn] /fd|/L lgb|f k'u]sf] lyPg, d p“Ug yfn]“5' . d lgbfpg vf]h]“ eg] ;Ltf
lap“emfOxflNyg\ . …/fte/ ;'Tg' 5}g, ;f/f dflg; hfuf ePsf] a]nf ;'Tg] xf] < rd]/f] †Ú
pgnfO{ d]/f] sfObf k6Ss dg kb{}g . 3/df klg a]n'sf pgnfO{ l56f] lgb|f nfU5, d laxfg ca]/;Dd ;'T5' .
a]n'sf l56f] ;'Tg] pgsf] afgLnfO{ cfj|md0f ub{} d eG5'– …3fd kx]“lng yfln;s], v} cf]5\ofgdf k'Uof <Ú ofqfdf
d uf8Ldf lgbfp“5', pgL ;8sdf a; b]Vtf Joª\uaf0f xflG5g\ – …p M a;======, v} p“£g yfNg'ePsf] <Ú
xfd|f] 5]psf b'O{tLg ;}lgs 3/fo;L s'/fsfgL ul//x]sf lyP . s]6fs]6L, :jf:gL, lzIff, ;?jf, afa'cfdf cflb
ljifodf oL dg vf]n]/ s'/fsfgL ul//x]sf lyP . d pgLx¿sf] ukmdf xf]df xf] ldnfpg yfn]“ . pgLx¿n] d]/f]
s'/fdf klg ?lr b]vfP . d}n] xfdL g]kfnL ePsf] atfPkl5 t emg\ pgLx¿ rf;f] lbP/ s'/f ;'Ì yfn] . xfdL
g]kfnsf lzIfsx¿ xf}“ eg]sfn] pgLx¿sf] ukmufkm klg lzIffsf] ljifolt/ df]l8of] . Pp6f ;}lgs slt s'zn
ukmf8L /x]5 eg] To;n] xfd|f b'O{tLg 306f dhfn] s6fOlbof] . p;sf s'/f ;'g]/ dnfO{ cfk\mgf] hLjgef]ufO
slt sd / ck"/f] /x]5 eÌ] 1fg eof] .
Tof] ;}lgs k9]n]v]sf] lyPg, wgL afa'sf] 5f]/f] lyPg, ;+;f/ 3'd]sf] klg lyPg . ul/a ls;fgsf] 5f]/f] eP/
;fdfGo ;fIf/tf xfl;n u/]sf] p;n] hLjgsf] ljZjljBfnodf cgGt 1fg / l8u|L xfl;n u/]sf] /x]5 . :jf:gL,
5f]/f5f]/L, 5f]/f5f]/Lsf] lzIff, afa'cfdf, ?lkof“k};f / 3/hUufk|ltsf] p;sf] b[li6sf]0f ;'g]/ d cjfs\ eO/x]“ .
…x]gf{];\ ;/hL, d}n] hLjgsf] dxfljBfnodf w]/} lzIff kfPsf] 5', Psb'O{ cd"No k|df0fkq klg kfPsf] 5' .Ú p;n]
cfk\mgf] kfOG6 cln dfl:t/ ;f/]/ 3'“8fd'lGt/sf] vt b]vfof] . gnLxf8df ulx/f] vf8n / sfl6Psf] 7"nf] vt
lyof] . xltof/ rnfp“bf ;fyLsf] nfk/afxLjz o:tf] ePsf] /] . p;n] eGof]–
…;fyLsf] nfk/afxLn] o:tf] 3fp eof] . 5 dlxgf k6gfsf] xl:k6ndf a;]“ . 3fp t xf], lgsf] eOxfNof] . sltko
;fyLn] lgsf] gx'g] 3fp kfl/lbG5g\ . c;nfd eÌ] d]/f] ;aeGbf ldNg] ;fyL, p;sL >LdtL;“u Pp6f csf{] clt
ldNg] ;fyL cg'lrt ;DaGw /fVtf] /x]5 . p;sf] 3fp slxNo} lgsf] ePg, ToxL kL/n] Tof] ax'nfof] . csf{sL
>LdtL;“u /dfOnf] ug{] ;fyL klg gf]s/L 5f8]/ lx“8Øf] . ;/hL † ;fyLaf6 g} hLjgdf ;a}eGbf vt/f 5 t/
;fyLa]u/ hLjg ;Dej 5}g .Ú pm cljZjf;sf] w/ftndf plePsf] ljZjf;L dflg; /x]5 . To;kl5 p;n]
cfk\mgf] hLjgsf /f]df~rs If0fx¿ atfof] . Pp6f ;}lgs cEof;sf] l;lN;nfdf pm 3fOt] eP5 . p;n] ;6{ /
leqL uGhL prfn]/ k]6df ePsf] 8/nfUbf] vt b]vfof] . nueu 8]9 lkm6 nfdf] ;]tf]k'm;|f] vt bflxg]
sfvLd'lgaf6 3'd]/ sDd/sf] b]a|] efu;Dd tlGsPsf] lyof] . ;Ltf / d p;sf /dfOnf s'/f ;'g]sf] ;'Go} eof}“,
5f]/Lx¿ dhfn] lgbfO/x] .
O6fjf k'u]kl5 6«]g cln lgs}a]/ /f]lsg] /x]5 . xfdLn] Toxf“ vfhf vfof}“ . O6fjf Tolt 7"nf] ;x/ t xf]Og t/
lgs} klxn]b]lv o;sf] gfd d}n] ;'lgcfPsf] xf] . O6fjf O6x/LeGbf vf;} 7"nf] hg;ª\Vof ePsf] ;x/rflx“ xf]Og
h:tf] nfU5, t/ o;sf] Oltxf; nfdf] clg Jofkfl/s dxŒj a9L ePsfn] of] rlr{t g} ;x/ xf] .
O6fjf s6]kl5 xfdL 6«]gsf] em\ofnaf6 Toxf“sf] k|fs[lts jftfj/0f, jg:klt / e"–agf]6 x]/]/ d'Uw eO/x\of}“ .
otfsf] df6f] clns v's'nf] xf] / l;“rfOsf] ;d:of oxf“sf] 7"nf] ;d:of xf] . /]ndfu{sf 5]p5fpdf af“emf] hldg
t Tolt b]lvPg t/ nufOPsf] afnL x]bf{ Tolt pAhfp klg nfUb}gYof] . /]ndfu{b]lv clns k/k/ Psvfn] ¿v
b]lvGy] . tL ¿v k/af6 x]bf{ otflt/sf 8'd|Lh:tf nfUy] . To; ukmf8L ;}lgsn] To; ¿vsf] gfd /
pkof]lutfsf] af/]df nfdf] ljj/0f lbof] . cfk"m dxfe'nSs8 ePsfn] To; ¿vsf] gfd ;Demg ;lStg“, dx'cf xf]
ls h:tf] nfU5 . of] ¿v jif{df b'O{ km;n lbg] /x]5 . Ps afnL lxp“bdf / csf{] afnL udL{df . udL{ofddf
o;df Psvfn] kmn nfUg] /x]5 h'g :jfbsf ;fy vfOg] nf]slk|o kmn xf] /x]5 eg] csf{] ;dodf To;df
Psvfn] k"mn k'mNg] /x]5 h'g /S;L, crf/, t/sf/L cflb agfpg sfd lbg] /x]5 .
…;/hL † Ps} kmnaf6 o;/L Ps jif{df b'O{vfn] km;n lbg] csf{] j[If x'“b}g xf]nf . d}n]rflx“ To:tf] b]v]sf] 5}g
cGoq st} .Ú p;n] eGof] . ;Daf]wg ubf{ pm dnfO{ …;/hLÚ eGYof], cfb/;"rs …;/Ú zAbdf …hLÚ yKtf s:tf]
;'xfPsf] †

53
5f]/Lx¿ lgb|faf6 hfu] . pgLx¿n] klg To; ¿vsf] af/]df yfxf kfP .
d}n] 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ uLt ufpg psf;]“ . lxGbL–efifLx¿sf aLr s]xL dL7f g]kfnL uLt ufP . zAb ga'em] klg
;}lgsx¿n] rfv lbP/ pgLx¿nfO{ ufpg xf}:ofO/x] . 5f]/Lx¿n] uLt ufpg'cl3 uLtsf] dd{ clnslt eGy] .
pgLx¿n] rf/–kf“rj6f lxGbL uLt klg :j/ ldnfP/ ufP . To;kl5 b'O{tLg cª\u|]hL, b'O{tLgcf]6f c;ldof,
Pp6f d}lynL / Pp6f ef]hk'/L uLt ufP . b'O{tLg l;kfxL ef]hk'/L /x]5g\ . pgLx¿ cToGt v';L b]lvP .
cf;fdlt/ nfdf] ;do;Dd a;]sfx¿ ptfsf] ofb cfP/ pTkft} /dfP .
jftfj/0f g} ;ª\uLtdo aGof] . ;}lgsx¿n] klg s]xL lxGbL uLtdf :j/ yk] . 5f]/Lx¿n] olt w]/} efiffdf ?lr,
k|]d / bvn /fv]sf] b]v]/ ltgn] xfdLnfO{ klg cfb/sf] b[li6n] x]/] .
cem cl3 a9\b} hf“bf st} klg 7"nf ¿v b]lvg 5f8] . dl;gf kf]y|fkf]y|Ldfq b]lvGy] . v]taf/Lx¿ cem ;'Vvf /
gfËf b]lvg yfn] . af6flsgf/df htftt} lhn]aLsf h:tf Psvfn] ¿v lyP . cln cl3 xfd|f] 3/df huÌfyL
gfdsf] Ps la?jf k"mnsf] ¿kdf /f]lkPsf] lyof] . oxf“ b]lvPsf] emf8L ToxL huÌfyLsf] af]6 g} xf] eÌ] dnfO{
nfU5 . dnfO{ o; la?jfsf] :yfgLo gfd yfxf gePsfn] o;nfO{ d …huÌfyLÚ g} eG5' . huÌfyL Psvfn] sf“9]
j[If xf] . To;sf] k"mn nHhfjtL emf/sf] h:tf] x'G5 eg] kmnrflx“ s8f b'u{Gw cfpg] 5f]6f5f]6f sf];f x'G5 .
sf];f as'nfsf hlQsf nfdf / clns df]6f / af]j|mf clns s8f x'G5g\ . o; la?jfsf kft 9}“rfsf em}“ dl;gf
x'G5g\ . o;sf] af]6 kGw|aL; lkm6 cUnf] / nfdf ;]tf sf“9f ePsf], xf“u}xf“uf ePsf] rfd|f] x'G5 .
hldg cluem}“ ;Dd b]lvg 5f8]sf] lyof], afSn} vfN6fv'N6L / vf]N;fvf]N;Lh:tf], vf]N;fvf]N;Lh:tf eP klg
au/ jf kfgL 5}g . s]xLa]/df k/k/ ;x/sf] glhs k'u]em}“ kftnf 3/x¿, lah'nLsf kfj/xfp; / af“emf] 5f8]sf]
hldg b]lvg yfn] . t/ lgs}a]/ s'b] klg /]n s'g} ;x/df cfOk'u]g . b'O{tLg :6];g sf6] klg ;x/df k|j]z
ePsf] lyPg . Ps 7fp“df 6«]g lgs}a]/ /f]lsof] . cufl8 csf{] 6«]gsf nflu af6f] rflxPsfn] xfdL r9]sf] 6«]g
/f]lsg'k/]sf] /x]5 . o; 7fp“df 7"nf7"nf sf/vfgf b]lvg yfn]sf lyP . lgs}a]/kl5 dfq 6«]g cl3 a9Øf] . ca
cfu/f cfpg clnslt dfq af“sL ePsfn] xf]nf, ofq'x¿ pqg tof/ b]lvP .
t/ cfu/f k'Ug cem} nueu cfwf 306fsf] af6f] af“sL g} /x]5 . pQ/kl§ glhs}af6 a;dfu{ nfUYof] . To;df
ePsf] 6«flkms eL8ef8n] cufl8 lgs} 7"nf] ;x/ 5 eÌ] cg'dfg ug{ ;lsGYof] . lah'nLsf df]6fdf]6f tf/x¿
htftt} 6f“luPsf lyP . ca emg\ 7"nf7"nf k\mofS6/L / snsf/vfgfx¿ cfpg yfn] . sf/vfgfx¿ x]bf{ emf8Lsf]
aLrdf h:tf b]lvGy] . htftt} :yfgcg';f/sf ¿v /f]k]/ cf}Bf]lus k|b"if0fnfO{ sd ug{ k|oTg ul/Psf] /x]5 .
xfdL lgs} rgfvf eO/x]sf lyof}“ . d]/f cf“vf tfhdxnnfO{ vf]lh/x]sf lyP . s]xLa]/d} 6«]gsf] blIf0fkl§ Ps
pHofnf], ;]tf] / ljzfn ejgh:tf] b]lvof] . klxnf] kN6 cfkm\g} cf“vfn] tfhdxn b]Vg]x¿ lrRofpg yfn] . t/
kmf]6f]df x]/]sf xfdLnfO{ tfhdxn lrÌ s'g} sl7gfO gkg{] /x]5 . …huÌfyLÚ / c¿ To:t} vfnsf la?jfsf]
hËnsf aLrdf od'gfkfl/ pRr hldgdf tfhdxn b]lvPsf] lyof] . tfhdxnjl/kl/ To;;“u ;'xfpg] cg]sf}“
ejgx¿ lyP t/ tL tfhdxn x]/L lgs} ;fgf b]lvGy] . tfhdxn d}n] ;f]r]eGbf stf xf] stf 7"nf] / eJo /x]5
. xfdL kf“r–5 lsnf]ld6/ k/af6 To;sf] eJotf la:tf/} s'lb/x]sf] 6«]gaf6 cf:jfbg ul//x]sf lyof}“ . 6«]gaf6
tfhdxnsf] b[Zo x]l//x]sf] Tof] a]nf d]/f] hLjgsf] Ps pTsif{ -Climex_ lyof] .
d'Vo ;x/ xfd|f] bfof“kl§ cyf{t\ tfhdxnsf] pQ/klZrddf od'gfsf] lsgf/df /x]5 . ;"o{ljgfosaf6 eStk'/sf]
b[Zo b]lvPem}“ od'gfsf] k"j{kl§af6 cfu/f ;x/ b]lvof] . 3/x¿ sRofss'r's k/]sf . Psbd afSnf] u/L Ps}
7fp“df ;a} 3/ lsg pEofpg'k/]sf] xf]nf < otf od'gfjfl/ hldg hlQ vfnL lyof], ot} agfPsf] eP v'Nnf
7fp“df cf/fd;“u a:g kfOGYof], lsg ;a}n] em'lDdP/ Ps} 7fp“df y'lk|g'k/]sf] xf]nf < ;x/df dflg; lsg
v'lDrP/ a:g vf]H5g\, d s'/} a'em\lbg“ .
xfdLnfO{ ;}lgsx¿n] cfu/fdf csa/sf] nfnlsNnf / tfhdxn x]g{ eg] . …oL b'O{afx]s oxf“ gx]/L gx'g] s'g}
vf; To:tf] 7fp“ 5}g . cfh tkfO{“x¿ cfu/fdf a:g'eof] eg] klg ef]ln t lbNnL k'luxfNg'x'g]5 . lbNnLrflx“
cln xtf/ gu/L x]g'{xf]nf .Ú
d pgLx¿sf s'/f Wofgk"j{s ;'Gb} od'gfsf] lgZrn kfgL x]l//x]sf] lyP“ . kfl/kl§sf 3/x¿sf] 5fof od'gfsf]
zfGt kfgLdf klg xlNnO/x]sf] b]lvGYof] . pQ/kl§ df]6/x¿sf nflu ljzfn k'n 5, blIf0fkl§ od'gf gbL o:;f]
3'd]sf] b[Zo 5 . x]bf{x]b}{ xfdL r9]sf] 6«]g od'gf tg{ yfNof] . od'gfsf] k'n cfpgf;fy 6«]gsf] ult wLdf x'g
yflnxfNof] . glhs} cfu/f kmf]6{ :6];g /x]5 . xfdL 6«]gaf6 ;xofqL ;}lgsx¿sf] cufl8sf] ofqf ;kmn /xf]; \
eÌ] sfdgf cleJoSt ub{} cf]ln{of}“ . pgLx¿n] klg xfd|f] e|d0f ;'vb /xf];\ eg]/ z'esfdgf lbP .

54
@^= ;8s/Lt

Kn]6kmfd{aflx/ lg:s“bf lbgsf] Ps aHg nfu]sf] lyof] . laxfgb]lv nuftf/ Toqf] ;do 6«]gdf a;]sfn] yflsP5
/ ef]s klg nfu]5 . xfdLn] :6];gg]/sf] ;fgf] xf]6ndf km6fkm6 /f]6L–t/sf/L vfof}“ .
tfhdxn hfg] 6]Dkf]x¿n] hyfefjL ef8f dfUg] /x]5g\ . of] 7fp“ ko{6sLo dxŒjsf] ePsfn] 6]Dkf]jfnfx¿
ofq'af6 k};f c;'Ng cToGt l;kfn' . xfdL Pp6f ofq'6]Dkf] r9]/ cln cufl8 cfof}“ . nfnlsNnfsf] pQ/L 5]psf]
eJotf x]b{} k"jL{ 5]pdf cfOk'u]sfn] ko{6s 7Ug] …cf6f]Újfnfx¿ k5fl8 5'l6;s] eg]/ xfdL 9'Ss lyof}“ . t/ klg
emf]nf / gfgLx¿ b]v]kl5 ofq' eg]/ lrÌ] ePsfn] …cf6f]Újfnfx¿ hxf“ klg cfOxfNg] /x]5g\ . od'gflsgf/sf]
7fp“ xf]rf] ePsfn] Toxf“sf] ;8s /]ndfu{d'lg eP/ pQ/ nfUYof] . e/] ;f“em b;}“sf] lemlnldnLsf nflu af6fsf
b'j}lt/ 6Ø'anfO6 78ØfOPsf lyP .
Toxf“sf] Jo:ttf, df]6/x¿sf] x“sfO clg ;fd'Ì] /ftf 9'Ëfn] ag]sf] ljzfn nfnlsNnf x]g{ nfos 5 . :yfgLo
dflg;sf cg';f/ o; lsNnfsf] nDafO k"j{klZrd c9fO{ lsnf]ld6/ / rf}8fO pQ/blIf0f nueu 8]9 lsnf]ld6/
5, sf]xLsf]xL t of] rf/ lsnf]ld6/ nfdf] / c9fO{ lsnf]ld6/ rf}8f 5 eg]/ ;d]t eGy] .
xfdL eL8ef8o'St ;8s kf/ u/L od'gflsgf/kl§ pleP/ s'g} ;fj{hlgs a;sf] k|tLIff ul//x]sf lyof}“ . abfd,
e'6]sf ds}, r6k6] / kfgLsf af]tn a]Rg] s]6fx¿ a; /f]lsgf;fy t“5f8\ / d5f8\ ub{} bf}l8Gy] . a; b'O{rf/
;]s]G8 cl8P/ clu al9xfNYof] . s]6fx¿;“u} s]xL cwa}“;] / a"9fx¿ klg s'lbx]y{] .
ofq'n] el/Psf] Pp6f a; Toxf“ cfpg nfUbf ult sd ug{ yfNof] . clucluem}“ s]6fx¿ ofq'x¿nfO{ cfk"m;“u
ePsf abfd, e'6]sf ds}, r6k6] / kfgLsf] af]tn a]Rg a; ePlt/ x'l/{P . a; /f]Sg nfu]h:tf] dfq u/]/ k]ml/
bf}l8g yfNof] . xfdL x]l//x]sf lyof}“, b'j} xftdf kfgLsf af]tn af]s]/ Pp6f s]6f] c¿sf em}“ lrRofp“b} a;df
hah{:tL 3':g vf]Hof] . t/ a;sf] ult tLj| eO;s]sf] lyof], 8G8L kj|mg] xft vfnL gePsfn] s]6f] a;af6
;8sdf k5fl/of] .
p;sf v'§f a;sf] k5fl8sf] rSsfd'lg k/] . clnslt cufl8;Dd rSsfn] RofKt} k]n]/ nu]kl5 To; eoÍ/
a;sf rSsf p;sf] v'§fdfly r9] . a; clnslt dfq clUnof] / clnslt dfq xlNnof] . a; slnnf] s]6fsf]
v'§f] lsr]/ lylnlklynL kf/]/ clu al9xfNof] . y'k|} dflg;x¿n] b]lv/x]sf lyP . a; cfk\mg} ultdf cl3 a9Øf] .
c¿ df]6/x¿ 3fOt] s]6fnfO{ tsf{P/ cl3 a9] . s;}n] To;lt/ x]/]g . a6'jfx¿ klg cf–cfk\mgf] lbzfdf
lagf;Íf]r cl3 al9/x] .
xfdL :jfefljs u|fdL0f kl/j]zdf x's{]sf dflg;, Psbd lrRofof}“ . d t lgs}a]/ hf]8hf]8n] v} s]s] aa{/fP“ .
8fS6/n] dnfO{ :j/oGqsf] u8a8Lsf sf/0f 7"nf] :j/n] gaf]Ng eg]sf 5g\, :j/} efl;P5 . s]6f] / xfd|f aLr
;8ssf rf/ n]g x'gfn] ;8s kf/ ug{ lgs}a]/ kv{g'kYof{] . t/ s]xLa]/df Pp6f cwa}“;] / b'O{tLg s]6f cfP/
p;nfO{ p7fP . ltgLx¿n] To;nfO{ pEofpg vf]h] . lar/fsf] cfwf lt3|fb]lv tn 3'“8f] / cfwf gnLxf8
leqleq} w"nf]lk7f] eO;s]sf] / xf85fnf k]lnP/ Psb'O{ 7fp“af6 ;]tf] df;' lgl:s/x]sf] lyof], s;/L pleof];\ †
/utsf] wf/f] aUg yfNof] . To; cwa}“;]n] cfk\mgf] uD5fn] /ut cfPsf] 7fp“df s;]/ af“Wof] . Ps} l5gdf Pp6L
d}nLw}nL cfOdfO{ / b'O{tLg e'G6fe'G6L cfP . tL To; s]6fsf afa'cfdf / efOalxgL x'g'k5{ . dnfO{ nfUof]
ltgLx¿;“u To; s]6fsf] pkrf/ ug{] k};f lyPg . s]6fnfO{ …cf6f]Údf xfn]/ c:ktfn k'¥ofpg] klg ltgsf]
x}l;ot lyPg . ltgLx¿n] s]6fnfO{ ;8ssf] 5]pdf nu] . ca ltgLx¿nfO{ ?g] k'm;{t lg:Sof] . cfOdfO{ /
s]6fs]6L ?g yfn] . ;8ssf] kfl/kl§ ePsfn] ltgLx¿ /f]Psf] rflx“ xfdL eP7fp“af6 plt ;'lgÌYof] .
;x/ cfk\mg} ultdf uO/x]sf] lyof] . g k|x/L, g PDa'n]G; . g /ldt] g :jod\;]jL . ;x/L ;+j]bgzLntf †
xfd|f] sf7df8f}“df ePsf] eP /ldt]x¿sf] 7"nf] eL8 nfUg] lyof] . csf{sf] b'Mvdf dfq xf“:g hfÌ] sf7df8f}“sf
dflg;x¿ 3fOt]sf] 56k6fx6 x]g{ 7]nf7]n ug{] lyP . a;x¿ /f]lsg] lyP . b'3{6gf u/fpg] 8«fOe/n] d/0ffGt
x'Gh]n s'6fO vfg] lyof] / To; a;sf l;;f k'm6]/ ;8sel/ 5l/g] lyP . oftfoft cj?4 x'g] lyof] . ;a}yf]s
x'g] lyof] t/ To; s]6fsf] pkrf/rflx“ afa'cfdf sdhf]/ ePdf c:ktfn k'¥ofP klg x'g] lyPg .
55
s]xL 306fkl5 k'ln; 36gf:yndf cfpg] lyof] / /ldtf x]g{] lyof] . /ft k/]kl5 ;a} cf–cfk\mgf 3/ nfUg] lyP /
ef]lnkN6b]lv ;a} s'/f k'/Fg} tfndf rNg] lyof] . ;a}n] cl3Nnf] lbgsf] Tof] 36gf ;kgf la;{]em}“ la;{g] lyP .
oxL 36gf d]/f] O6x/Ldf 36]sf] eP Tof] a; hNg] lyof] . la/fdLnfO{ h'g uf8L klxn] cfOk'U5 To;nfO{ /f]s]/
:yfgLo o'jfx¿n] c:ktfn k7fpg] lyP . ;s] 8«fOe/ efUg] lyof], g;s] k'ln;rf}sLdf k;]/ hf]lug] lyof], Tolt
klg g;Sg] nf6f] 8«fOe/ k/]5 eg] 6f]nsf o'jfx¿sf] d'Ssf cEof; ug{] j:t' aÌ] lyof] . To;sf bf“t ef“lrg],
ufnf k'/L k'mn]em}“ k'mNg]] / n'uf ;o 6'j|mf x'Gh]n Rofltg] lyP . k'ln; / :yfgLo dflg;x¿sf aLr df/lk6 rNg]
lyof], cf7–b; 6fo/ aNg] lyP, b'O{rf/ a; jf 6«s w'lng] lyP, 6f9f6f9f hfg'kg{] ofq' cnkq kg{] lyP clg
l/S;fjfnx¿n] b'O{rf/ ;o sdfO ug{] lyP . dflg;x¿ cfk\mgf] dgleq u'lD;P/ /x]sf] cfuf] / l/;–cfj]u
dflg;, uf8L / ;8sdf kf]lv;s]kl5 yfs]/ 3/ hfg] lyP . t/ 3fOt] c:ktfndf lhp“b} k'Uof] eÌ] va/ cfPdf
p;sf] cf}iflwkfgL x'g] ;Defjgf cjZo x'GYof] .
t/ of] cfu/f lyof] . oxf“ xfdLsxf“ ul/g] s'g} ;8s–/Lt / k/Dk/fsf] kfng x'“bf] /x]g5 . oxf“ ul/a /
3fOt]x¿sf] b'Mvaf6 dgf]/~hg lng] dflg;sf] ;d]t cefj eO;s]sf] /x]5 .
k|]d / ;'Gb/tfsf] dxfg\ k|tLs tfhdxnsf] cf“ugdf dfgjtfnfO{ oGqx¿n] afNosfnd} lsr]/ ;dfKt kfg{]
/x]5g\ . k|]d / dfgjtf cfu/fdf ;d]t tfhdxnsf] dsa/fleq k'l/O;s]sf] /x]5 .
xfdL gf6ssf] k6fIf]k ePkl5 Pp6f …cf6f]Ú l/he{ u¥of}“ . …cf6f]Ú Sjf/f/f/f ub{} blIf0f nfUof] . klZrdkl§
nfnlsNnf lyof] . af6f] cToGt km/fs, ;kmf / Jo:t . clns k/ k'u]kl5 cyf{t\ nfnlsNnfeGbf cl3 a9]kl5
nfnlsNnfsf] d"nu]6lt/af6 cfpg] af6f] xfdL uO/x]sf] af6fdf cfP/ ldl;of] . ca xfdL j|mdzM tfhdxnlt/
nfUb} lyof}“ .
s]xLa]/df 6]Dkf] tfhdxnsf] k|j]zåf/df k'u]/ cl8of] . Toxf“ ;fgf]ltgf] ahf/ /x]5 . ahf/ Tolt Jojl:yt geP
klg kmf]xf]/ eg] lyPg . xfdL tfhdxnlt/ nfUof}“ . l/S;fjfnx¿ xfdLlt/ cfP .

@&= tfhdxn
…cf==== tfhdxnsf] d"nu]6af6 t l5l/;lsof], ca s]sf] l/S;f <Ú d}n] eg]“ . xfd|f] 6f]nL lx“8]/} hfg] eof] . k}bn
cfpg]hfg]x¿ k|z:t lyP . t/ au}“rfsf] af6f] lx“8\bflx“8\bf Ps lsnf]ld6/ k/ k'u]kl5 dfq tfhdxnsf]
rxnkxn e]l6of] . csf{] af6f] cfP/ ldn]sf] 7fp“df l/S;f, 6f“uf / p“6uf8Lx¿ ofq'x¿nfO{ lnP/ lx“8\g tDtof/
lyP . af6flsgf/df 7]nfdf vfg]s'/f, e]nk'/L, e'6]sf abfd / ds} a]Rg]x¿ s'g} ;fwf/0f ;x/ahf/df h:t} u/L
cfk\mgf u|fxsx¿nfO{ ;fdfg lbg / k};f lngdf Jo:t lyP .
tfhdxnsf] To; u]6af6 8]9 lsnf]ld6/hlt leq k;]kl5 lgs} eL8ef8 ePsf] csf{] u]6 cfof] . oxf“ dflg;x¿
nx/df plePsf lyP . k'ln; / :jod\;]jsx¿ klg otfptf ul//x]sf lyP . dlxnf / k'?ifsf cnucnu nx/
lyP eg] pgLx¿ leq l5g{] 7fp“ klg cnucnu lyP . l6s6 sf6\g'kg{] / cfk\mgf] ;/;fdfg /fVg] 7fp“df nu]/
emf]nf cflb ;fdfg lhDdf lbg'kg{] lgod /x]5 . of] u]6rflx“ tfhdxn l5g{] d'Vo u]6 /x]5 . l6s6 sf6]kl5
;Ltf / 5f]/Lx¿ Psflt/sf] dlxnf nx/df nfu] eg] d csf{lt/ k'?ifsf] nx/df nfu]“ . kltkTgLsf] ;DaGwsf]
dlxdf ljZjel/ oxf“hlt dL7f] w'gdf sxL“ ufOÌ t/ oxL“ kltkTgLnfO{ cnucnu af6faf6 k:g'kg{], lj8Dagf Û
dlxnfsf] nx/ 5f]6f] lyof] . dflg;x¿ leq k:g'cl3 hLp 5fd5'd kfb{} ;'/Iffhf“r ul/“bf] /x]5 . ;Ltf /
5f]/Lx¿ leq kl;xfn], d}n] s]xLa]/ /f]lsg'k¥of] . b;kGw| ldg]6kl5 xfd|f] kl/jf/sf] k'gld{ng eof] . xfdL leqsf]
;'Gb/ xl/of] b'af]sf] rf}/, jl/kl/sf ;'Gb/ ;'/Iffejgx¿ x]b{} /dfof}“ . ljZjdf k|]d / ;'Gb/tfsf] cg'kd gd'gf
ag]/ plePsf] of] tfhdxn ljZjsf ;ft dfgjlgld{t cfZro{dWo] Ps xf] .
PsfpÌ ;fndf d sfgk'/af6 tfhdxnlt/ cfpg nfu]sf] lyP“ . Pp6f sfgk'/];“u cfk"m tfhdxn hfg nfu]sf]
/ Toxf“ hf“bf d}n] yfxf kfO/fVg'kg{] s'/f s]s] xf]nfg\ eg]/ eg]“ . p;n] dnfO{ cgf}7f cf“vfn] x]¥of]—
…efO{hL, cfk cs]n] tfhdxn Sof]+ hf /x] x}+ < cfk s] cGb/ sf]O{ ux/f 3fj x} Sof <Ú
d}n] eg]“– …ox lbn d]/f ckgf x} . d} ptgf a]as"km gxL+ ls sf]O{ cGb/ 3';s/ ox lbn 6's8] 6's8] s/tf /x],
d} b]vtf /x"“ cf}/ jf] ;xL ;nfdt afx/ lgsn kfo] †Ú

56
d}n] k|]d;|]dsf] kmf];|f] wGbfdf nfUg slxNo} EofOg“, cyjf rflxg“ . cyjf cem o;f] eÌ' a]; xf]nf M ddf To:tf]
rdTsf/L u'0f s]xL gePsfn] s'g} nf]enfUbL s]6Ln] k|]dk|:tfj uDeL/tfk"j{s /fv]gg\, d}n] klg s;}nfO{ x'?Ss
eP/ rflxg“ . Psb'O{ s]6Lx¿n] xNsfk'mNsf k|]dk|:tfj g/fv]sf xf]Ogg\ / Psb'O{ …/fd|LÚ b]v]/ d klg gnf]lePsf]
rflx“ xf]Og . t/ To:tf s'/fn] ddf vf;} t/Ë k}bf ug{ ;s]gg\ .
clxn] dl;t cfk"m PstL; jif{sf] pd]/ x'“bf dfuL lax] u/]sL >LdtL l5g\ . d}n] pgL;“usf] ;DaGwnfO{ dfof,
cfb/ / e/f];f ug'{k5{ / o; ;DaGwnfO{ gf]S;fg k'¥ofpg vf]Hg] x/]s JolSt, 36gf / kl/efÈfnfO{ b'Tsfg'{k5{ .
xfdL g]kfnLx¿ ljjfxn] lbPsf] k|]dsf kIfkftL xf}“ .
sfgk'/]n] To;a]nf ;f]w]sf] lyof]– …tf] cfk Sof]+ tfhdxn hf /x] x}+ <Ú
d 5Ss k/]“ . ljZjsf] Toqf] rlr{t l;h{gf x]g{ klg s'g} ljlzi6 sf/0f rflxG5 / < d}n] p;lt/ k|Zg;"rs
cf“vf t]:of{P“ .
p;n] eGof]– …cfk cljjflxt x}+ tf] cfu] hfgf dt, ljjfx s] afb ckgL kTgL s] ;fy oxf“ cfOPuf .Ú
…Sof]+ =====<Ú
…cs]n] tf] 6"6] x'P k|]dL xL oxf“ cft] x}+ =====.Ú
d}n] p;sf s'/f a'lemxfn]“ . d}n] p;nfO{ cfk"m k|]d;|]dsf kmf];|f wGbfdfly ljZjf; ulb{g“, casf] Psb'O{
jif{leqdf lax] u/]/ zflGtk"j{s hLjg lhpg] dg 5 eg]“ . pm xf“:of] .
…efOhL, k|]ddf wf]sf vfg sf] rfxG5 / < t/ dfofk|]d Ps vt/gfs v]n klg t xf], hf] klg k“m:g;S5 . e}uf],
5f8f}“ o:tf s'/f, d k]ml/ laGtL u5'{– tkfO{“ clxn]nfO{ oxf“eGbf cufl8 ghfg'xf]nf . of] ofqf kTgL lnP/ dfq
ug'{xf]nf .Ú
sfgk'/]sf] ;f]rfO dnfO{ /fd|f] nfUof] . p;sf] cfu|x dfg]/ cfu/fsf nflu 6«]gsf] l6s6 sf6\g nfu]sf] dflg; d
;f]em} Onfxfafblt/ pl5l§Psf] lyP“ . To;} eP/ cfh of] cfu/f d]/f nflu gof“ /lx/x]sf] lyof] .
xfdL tfhdxnsf] vf; åf/af6 hf“rkf; eO{ leq kl;;s]sf lyof}“ . o;kN6 To; sfgk'/]sf] cfb]zcg';f/ g} d
;kTgL tfhdxn cfPsf] lyP“ . dflg;x¿ otfplt ul//x]sf lyP . sf]xL rp/df 8ª\/Ë klN6/x]sf, sf]xL b'O{–
rf/hgfsf] ;d"xdf cfk;L s'/fsfgLdf d:t . lbgsf] b'O{ ah]sf] lyof] / cfu/fdf udL{ k|r08 lyof] . t/
xfdLnfO{ Tof] udL{ cg'ej ug{] k'm;{t lyPg . crDdvfn] zLtntfn] xfdL 5f]lkPsf lyof}“ . htftt} xl/ofnL /
zflGtn] xfdLnfO{ n7ØfO/x]sf] lyof] . ljZj oxf“ Pp6f 3/ ag]sf] lyof] . ;+;f/sf k|]dLx¿ oxf“ y'lk|Psf lyP .
k|]dsf] anjfg\ t]h / dw'/ dfbstfn] dflg;x¿ dft]sf lyP . ;Dk"0f{ ;+;f/ ;f“u'l/P/ k|]dsf] sf/fuf/df y'lgG5
oxf“ . k|]dsf] o; /fhwfgLdf cfOk'u]kl5 dflg; d'St x'G5, pm k|]dsf] k'hf/L / eSt x'G5 . k|]dsf] ljZjJofkL
¿k x]g{ tfhdxn k'Ug}k5{ .
xfdL dflg;x¿sf] ljlrqsf] x"ndf lyof}“ . zflGt g} o; /fHosf] zlSt lyof] . /fd|f/fd|f ef/tLo o'jfo'jtLx¿
;'Gb/ klx/gdf ;lhP/ cfk\mgf] k|]d csf{nfO{ ;'Dkg kfO{ xNsf ePsf] dx;'; ul//x]sf lyP . o'/f]k, cd]l/sf,
clk|msf / Pl;ofel/sf dflg;x¿ y'lk|P/ cfh cfk\mgf] hLjgel/sf] ;kgf k"/f ePsfdf cw{kfunem}“
aa{/fO/x]sf klg e]l6P .
cem} cufl8 csf{] u]6 l5g'{ lyof] . Toxf“ klg dflg;x¿ nfOg nfu]/ leq kl;/x]sf lyP . of] u]6 klg cfk}“mdf
Pp6f tfhdxn lyof] . tfhdxnsf] ;'Gb/tfsf] c+z o;df ;j{q kf]ltPsf] lyof] .
u]6af6 leq k:of}“ . xfd|f] hLjgsf] r/df]Tsif{sf] If0f lyof] Tof] . tfhdxn ;Dk"0f{ ¿kdf xfd|f cufl8 :ki6 /
l7Ë pleO/x]sf] lyof] . ljZjsf ;Dk"0f{ ;'Gb/tfx¿ oxf“ ;f]xf]l/Psf lyP . ljZjsf] ;Dk"0f{ k|]d oxL“af6 lgM;[t
x'GYof] / ljZjsf ;Dk"0f{ snfn] oxf“ cfP/ k"0f{tf kfPsf lyP . d'dtfhdxnsf] k|]ddf 8'a]sf zfxhxf“n] agfPsf]
cd/ s[lt d]/f cufl8 lyof] . g ca s;}n] o:tf] cg'kd ;[li6 ug{]5, g Oltxf;df sxL“ o;f] ug{ s;}n] ;s]sf]
lyof] . dfof–k|]dsf] ;j{;'Gb/ ;jf{]Ts[i6 cleJolSt xfd|f cufl8, d]/f cufl8 lyof] . dnfO{ nfUof] M ca ;do
oxL“ cl8P † ca ;+;f/ oltd} /f]lsP †

57
t/ xfdL la:tf/} ;Dxfln“b} uof}“ . nueu cfwf 306f Ps} 7fp“af6 lglg{d]if x]l/;s]kl5 xfd|f] s]xL xf]; lkm/]5
Sof/], kmf]6f] lvRg yfNof}“ . efjflt/]sn] g} xf], xfdLn] xfd|f jl/kl/sf dflg; s] ub}{ 5g\ Tolta]/;Dd x]g{
EofPs} lyPgf}“ . dflg;x¿ xfd|f nflu otfptf rndnfO/xg] /ËLrËL sk8fwf/L u'l8ofx¿ dfq ePsf lyP, tL
wdfwd ;d"xdf / Psn kmf]6f] lvlr/x]sf /x]5g\ . xfdLn] klg tfhdxnnfO{ kl5 kf/]/ kl/jf/sf] kmf]6f]
lvlrdfUof}“ . kmf]6f] lvlrlbg] Pshgf efO lyP . pgL lbNnLdf sfd ug{] Pshgf g]kfnL 8fS6/sf 5f]/f /x]5g\ .
t/ xfdL;“u pgLx¿;“u lrgf/L u/]/ cNdlng] ;do lyPg, pgLx¿ klg p:t} xtf/df lyP xf]nfg\ . ;fdfGo
s'/fsfgL u/L xfdL cf–cfk\mgf w'gdf nfUof}“ . tfhdxn :kz{ ug{ af“sL g} lyof] . cufl8sf] ;'Gb/ au}“rfdf dg
5b{} xfdL tfhdxntkm{ a9Øf}“ . /ËLrËL n'uf nufPsf dflg;x¿ dxncufl8sf] au}“rfdf la:tf/} 8'ln/x]sf lyP
. ;+;f/el/sf dflg;x¿;“u ldl;g kfPsfdf d bË lyP“ eg] ;Ltf cjfs\ eP/ tfhdxnsf] ck|ltd ¿k
x]l//x]sL lyOg\ . xfdL la:tf/} tfhdxnsf] cg'kd ¿ksf] cf:jfbg ub{} k"mnaf/Lsf aLr}aLr ag]sf ;'Gb/
dfu{x¿ eP/ cl3 al9/x]sf lyof}“ . xfd|f nflu ;Dk"0f{ ljZjsf] s]Gb| oxL“ ePsf] lyof], ;Dk"0f{ ;Dk"0f{tfx¿ oxL“
h'6]sf lyP / ;Dk"0f{ pHofnf, Gofgf / zLtn zlStx¿sf] d"n klg oxL lyof] .
;+;f/el/af6 k|]dd]nf eg{ cfPsfx¿sf aLrdf x'g'sf] :jfb cs{} x'“bf] /x]5 . gfOh]]l/ofnL, hf]8f{gL, ox'bL,
sf]l/ofnL, hfkfgL, dn]l;ofnL, hd{g, cd]l/sL, a]nfOtL, lrlgof“, ef/tLo, ?;L, k|mfG;]nL, c:6«]lnofnL, lu|;]nL,
ld>jf;L / c¿ sxf“sxf“b]lv e]nf ePsfx¿sf aLrdf g]kfnL efÈfdf lgw{Ss s'/fsfgL ub{} lx“l8/xg'sf] dhf
cs{} x'g] /x]5 . ljZjsf] Ps dxfg\ cfZro{ of] tfhdxn, t/ olt glhs}sf] o; ljZjtLy{sf] bz{g ug{ klg d}n]
olt jif{kl5 dfq lrtfP“5' .
s]xLa]/ j/k/ x]¥of}“ . dxnsf] ;'Gb/tf lkp“b} xfdLn] cfk\mgf gh/ j/k/ bf}8fof}“ . dxnsf] a/G8f lgs} cUnf]
ePsfn] jl/kl/ dhfn] x]g{ kfOg] . ;a}lt/ xl/ofnL, zflGt / v'nfkg . pQ/kl§af6 zfGt od'gf gbL k"j{tkm{
nfu]sf] . lbNnLnfO{ g'xfOlbP/, dy'/fnfO{ wf]P/ clg cfu/fnfO{ kvfn]/ of] gbL Onfxfafb k'U5 . Onfxfafbsf]
s;/d;/;d]t a6'n]/ cl3 a9\b} uËfhL;“u ldn]/ k|ofudf ;d:t lxGb" hfltsf] z'l4sf nflu o'uo'ub]lv
k|oTg/t 5 . od'gf gbLsf] zfGt kfgLdf kfl/kl§sf pkgu/Lo If]qx¿sf] 5fof 6Ns]/ x]g{nfos b[Zo aGb5 .
rf/}lt/ …huÌfyLÚsf a'6fa'6Ln] hËnsf] cg'e"lt lbg] . k/k/;Dd d'un 9f“rfsf cg]s dl:hb, ;}lgs ejg /
3/x¿, cfh tL ;a} ejgx¿ k'/ftflŒjs dxŒj af]s]/ ;+;f/nfO{ ef/tsf] dlxdf atfO/x]sf 5g\ . k|]d Toxf“sf]
;+ljwfg, ;'Gb/tf Toxf“sf] sfg'g / zflGt Toxf“sf] wd{ †
c;f]hsf] rf}aL; ut] eO;s]sf] 5 t/ udL{ aofg u/Lg;Sg' 5 . kfgL vfPsf] vfo} . xfdL kl;g}kl;gf ePsf
5f}“ .
cfu/fsf] udL{df tfhdxndf gfË} v'§f lx“8\g' si6s/ clg :d/0fof]Uo cEof; x'G5 . To;f] t To; tftf]af6
aRg ljz]ifvfn] h'Qf ef8fdf kfOg] /x]5g\ t/ xfdLn] nfPgf}“ . cfkm\gf h'QfrKkn nufP/ lx“8\g gkfOg],
d';ndfgx¿sf] tLy{:yn eP/ x'g'k5{ .
od'gfkfl/sf ljzfn pBf]uwGbfx¿af6 lg:sg] b"lift kbfy{x¿n] ubf{ tfhdxn j|mdzM Ifo x'“b} uPsf] / o;sf]
/ª–kl/jt{g x“'b} uPsf] u'gf;f] lgs} cl3b]lv d}n] ;'Gb}k9\b} cfPsf] lyP“ . kfl/kl§sf ljzfn cf}Bf]lus
k|lti7fgx¿af6 pTkÌ ljsf/af6 jftfj/0fLo x«f; cfpg glbg ;/sf/n] ljz]if k|aGw u/]sf] 5 eÌ] ;'Ì kfOof]
. t/ od'gfsf] Tof] zfGt kfgL lbNnL, dy'/f / cfu/fsf] ;d:t kmf]xf]/ a6'n]/ cfPsfn] b'u{Gwk"0f{ 5 . Toqf]
gbLnfO{ g} la6'Nofpg ;Sg] xfdL dfgjhflt klg zlStzfnL g} /x]5f}“ †
xfdL leq k;]/ To;sf leqL ;'Gb/tf 5fDg vf]Hb} lyof}“, s]xL dflg;x¿ leqsf] blIf0fL v08af6 e'O“d'lg s]xL
lrxfO/x]sf lyP . ;Ltfn] klg kmnfd] hfnLaf6 d'lglt/ lrxfOg\ . d klg k'u]“ .
5f]/Lx¿n] ;f]w]– …s] 5 Toxf“ <Ú
Toxf“ a]ud d'dtfhdxnsf] vf; dsa/f cyf{t\ lrxfg lyof] . To;} dsa/fsf 5]pdf afbzfx zfxhxf“sf]
dsa/f klg lyof] . x'g t To:t} cfsf/sf] Ps dsa/f aflx/} klg lyof] . l;lnªaf6 cgf}7f] cfjfh cfO/x]sf]
;'lgof] . rd]/fx¿ /x]5g\ .
tfhdxnsf] pQ/kl§ tfhdxns} 5fofdf xfdL Psl5g ;':tfof}“ . leQfdf s'“lbPsf ax'd"No kTy/ / /ªla/ËL
l;Ëd/d/sf a'§fx¿df la5§} /dfOg] /x]5 . ;do bu'b{} lyof] . 5f]/Lx¿ dxnsf] pQ/L kvf{naf6 gbLlt/} x]b{}
…cfDd} † slt cUnf] †Ú elg/x]sf lyP . ptf klZrdkl§sf] ejgdf d';ndfgx¿ gdfh k9\g yfln;s]sf lyP .

58
a]n'sfsf] kf“r ah]sf] xf]nf, d k|foM 38L af“lWbg“ . la:tf/} s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] lv“r]/ xfdL ca To; k|]ddxnaf6
k|]dwd{ c“ufn]/ lx“8\g nfu]sf lyof}“ .
tfhdxnsf] ljzfn cf“ugdf xfdL la:tf/} lx“8\g yfNof}“ . x/]s kfOnfn] xfdLnfO{ To; k|]ddlGb/af6 6f9f
kfl//x]sf lyP, To;sf] df]xstfsf] 8f]/Ln] xfdLnfO{ s;]/ pt} tflg/xGYof] . xfdL s]xLa]/ au}“rfdf a:of}“ . udL{n]
hLpaf6 t/t/ kl;gf alu/x]s} lyof] . ptf dgdl:tis k|]d;fu/df g'xfPem}“ ePsf] lyof] . 5ftL k|]d;fu/df
8'a'NsL dfl//x]sf] lyof] . hlt;'s} clgR5f eP klg xfdL tfhdxn 5f8\g afWo lyof}“ . hlt;'[s} clgR5f eP
klg d[To' l:jsfg'{k/]em}“ . cfhsf] lbg xfd|f nflu xfd|f dgdf ePsf k|]defjnfO{ l;“ufg{], k"hf ug{] / lr/~hLjL
agfpg jrga4 x'g] lbg lyof] . xfdL Ps–Ps Xbo k|]d a6'nL ux«f}“ dg agfP/ dxnaflx/ lg:Sof}“ . 6f]sg
a'emfP/ cfk\mgf emf]nf a'em\g'kbf{ d[To'kl5 lrqu'KtnfO{ cfk\mgf sd{sf] 6f]sg a'emfP/ gs{lt/ nfUg'k/]em}“
eO/x\of] .
t/ v]b w]/} lyPg, xfdLn] Pp6f tLy{ wfP/ lgs} wd{ sdfO;s]sf lyof}“ . klZrdkl§ ljzfn nfnlsNnf xfdLnfO{
:jfut ul//x]sf] lyof] . 3f]8fuf8f, cf6f] / p“6uf8fx¿ xfdLnfO{ klv{/x]sf lyP . nfnlsNnfsf] b[Zokfg ug{]
gof“ nfn;f dgleq knfO;s]sf] lyof] . o:t} nfn;fx¿, cfzfx¿n] t xf] xfdLnfO{ cl3 a9\g] tfut lbg] .
3fd kx]“lnO;s]sf lyP . xfdLn] Pp6f 3f]8fuf8L kj|m]/ nfnlsNnf k'Ug] ljrf/ u¥of}“ .
cfu/fsf] nfn lsNnf lbNnLs} nfnlsNnfs} cfsf/k|sf/df ag]sf] 5 eg]/ dflg;x¿n] eg] . /fhf csa/n]
cfk\mgf] Pp6f /fhwfgL lbNnLnfO{ agfPsf lyP eg] csf{] /fhwfgL o;} cfu/f ;x/nfO{ agfPsf lyP . xfd|f]
3f]8fuf8L cfu/fsf] nfnlsNnfcufl8 cfO;s]sf] lyof] . a]n'sf 3fd c:tfpg nfu]sf lyP, xfd|flt/sf lx;fan]
eÌ] xf] eg] /ft kl/;s]sf] xf] t/ ko{6sx¿ lsNnfleq l5l//x]sf lyP . leq l5g{] / aflx/ lg:sg]x¿sf]
bf]xf]/LnQFsf aLr ;Ltf / 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ cln k/af6 d}n] kmf]6f]leq Rofk]“ .

@*= nfnlsNnf

csa/n] PskN6 lbNnLdf 5“bf cfk\mgf c¿ d"v{ dGqLx¿sf] pnfdfnfdf nfu]/ ljåfg\ dGqL jL/annfO{
cK7]/fdf kfg{ vf]h]5g\ . pgn] jL/annfO{ lbNnLdf slt sfu 5g\ 7ØfSs eÌ eg]5g\ . jL/an t cf}lw af7f,
pgn] tTsfn aL; xhf/ ;ft ;o k}“tfnL; of To:t} Pp6f ;ª\Vof eg]5g\ .
afbzfx tLg5Ss † afbzfxn] ;f]w]5g\– …jL/an † ltdLn] s;/L sfusf] ;ª\Vof 7ØfSs} Tolt 5 eg]/ eÌ ;Sof}
<Ú
…hxf“kgfx † d]/f] lx;fadf ljZjf; gnfu] uÌ nufpg'eP x'G5 <Ú
…36La9L /x]5g\ eg] <Ú
…x] ul/ak/a/ † sfux¿ cfu/f uPsf a]nf lbNnLdf sd x'g;S5g\ . o;}u/L cfu/fsf sfu kfx'gf nfUg otf
cfPsf /x]5g\ eg] uGtL a9\g;S5 .Ú csa/sf] lbNnL / cfu/f ul//xg] ljnf;L afgLk|lt ultnf] JoËØ lyof]
jL/ansf] of] . ef/tLo xf:ojª\Uosyfx¿sf oL ljlrq kfq g]kfnL lyP eg]/ sltko Oltxf;sf/sf] egfO 5 .
;Ltf nfnlsNnfsf] ljzfntfdfly cf“vf 3'dfp“b} lyOg\ . pgL 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ s]s] b]vfO/x]sL lyOg\, ;fob
lsNnfsf a/G8fx¿ pgnfO{ cgf}7f nfu]sf lyP . d}n] 5]pdf k'u]/ ;f]w]“–
…s] x]/]sf] Psf]xf]l/P/ <Ú
…p M x]g"{ g, u]6 aGb ug]{ s:tf] uhasf] sfObf †Ú
ulx/f] g ulx/f] gx/h:tf] vf8n 5 k"/} lsNnfsf] jl/kl/ . ln:gf]a]u/ r9\g / pSng s:t}n] klg ;St} g;Sg]
ulx/f] . d"n9f]sf ePsf] 7fp“df Pp6f uhasf] k'n 5 . df]6f kmnfd] ;fª\nfn] af“w]sf] Tof] df]6f] g df]6f] sf7]
k'n tfGbf prflnP/ d"n9f]sf aGb ug{] /x]5 . lsNnfdfly xdnf ug{ vf]Hg]n] To; 9f]sfaf6 afx]s cGoq
59
st}af6 klg k:g ;Sg] b]lvPg . lsNnf cToGt ;'/lIft nfUYof] . xfdL l6s6 sf6\g] / kf]sfk'Gt'/f lhDdf
nufpg] 7fp“ x'“b} /Ltk"j{s cl3 a9Øf}“ . dnfO{ nfnlsNnfaf/] eÌ' s]xL lyPg . d]/f d'vaf6 jfx † afkm /] † of
o:t} cfZro{ JoSt ug{] Wjlg jf zAb;Dd lg:s]gg\ . Tolt ug{ klg dl;t k'm;{t lyPg . ef/t p; hdfgfdf
klg slt wgL / ;}lgs ¿kn] ;an lyof] eÌ] x]g{ oxL ejg kof{Kt lyof] . d]/f cf“vf csa/ / jL/ann] ts{
u/]sf 7fp“ vf]lh/x] . pgLx¿sf aLr rNg] zflAbs kf}“7]hf]/L oxL“ st} x'g;Sy] .
sfG5L 5f]/L k"j{kl§sf] Pp6f a/G8fdf k'u]kl5 cToGt p“rfOdf k'u]sf] cg'e"ltn] lrRofpg yfnL – …o:tf] cUnf]
a/G8fdf a;]/ klg jL/an s;/L hf]s ug{ ;Sy] < 8/ nfUb}gYof] pgnfO{ <Ú
…csa/ / jL/ansf oxL lsNnfdf a;]/ cg]s 7§f/dfOnf] uy{] . ;do p8Øf], od'gfdf slt xf] slt kfgL aUof]
t/ pgLx¿n] od'gflsgf/sf] o; ljzfn lsNnfdf u/]sf 76Øf}nLx¿ ls+jbGtL eP/ 3/3/ 8'nL/x]s} 5g\ . o;}
lsgf/af6 c“w]/L /ftdf pgLx¿n] ug]sf tf/fx¿ / ph]nL /ftdf x]/]sL rGb|df p;} u/L 3'ld/x]s} 5g\ . ;+;f/n]
snf, ;flxTo, lj1fg, OlGhlgol/ª, cf}iflwlj1fg / cg]s If]qdf slt xf] slt ljsf; ul/;Sof] t/ pgLx¿n]
agfPsf] of] nfnlsNnf ce}m cfZro{hgs / dgdf]xs nflu/x]s} 5 .Ú d}n] nfdf] efif0f u/]“ .
cg'hf v'§f dsf{p“b} otfptf lx“8\g yfnL . ;Ltf s/fpg yflng\– …s] u/L lx“8]sL < n8f}nL lg †Ú
…/fhf csa/ eP/ lx“8]sL . pgn] o; 6fOndf v'§f /fv] xf]nfg\ clg o; 6fOndf v'§f /fv] xf]nfg\, clg o;
6fOndf klg v'§f /fv] xf]nfg\ .Ú pm cfk"mnfO{ afbzfx csa/ 7fGb} gfua]nL kf/fn] lx“l8/x]sL lyO{ .
…tfhdxn agfpg] /fhf klg csa/s} ;Gtfg x'g\ . afbzfx zfxhxf“ eÌ] 7"nf zf;s ef/tdf zf;g uy{] . tL
/fhfsL /fgLsf] gfd a]ud d'dtfhdxn lyof] . kmf/;L efiffdf /fhfnfO{ afbzfx / /fgLnfO{ a]ud elgG5 .
afbzfxsL a]udsf] crfgs d[To' eof] . cfkm\gL a]udsf] d[To'n] /fhf xb} b'Mlvt eP . pgL a]udsf] ;Demgfdf
/ftf]lbg lk/f]lng yfn] . pgnfO{ slt xf] slt kL/ k¥of] . /fhf /fgLs} ;Demgfdf /ftlbg emf]j|mfP/ /xg yfn] .
crfgs pgn] p7]/ eg]–
…d d]/L a]udsf] dsa/f o:tf] v'a;'/t agfpg]5' ls ;+;f/df g cfh;Dd s'g} /fhf–dxf/fhfn] To:tf] agfpg
;s]sf] 5 g eljiodf s;}n] agfpg ;sf];\ . d]/L a]udsf] ;DemgfnfO{ lr/:yfoL agfP/} 5f8\g]5' .Ú
5f]/Lx¿ k"j{blIf0ftkm{sf] ljzfnsfo tfhdxnlt/ lgofln/x]sf lyP . tfhdxn oxf“af6 ;fd'Ì] v8f lyof] .
k"hfn] egL–
…/fhf zfxhxf“n] Tof] tfhdxn cfkm\gL /fgLsf] d[To'kl5 lrxfg agfpgsf nflu dfq agfpg nufPsf xf]nfg\ t
<Ú
…xf], pgn] cfkm\gL /fgLsf] lrxfg ;s];Dd snfk"0f{ kfg{ cToGt ljlzi6 OlGhlgo/x¿, ljlzi6 snfsf/x¿,
xhf/f}“ lzNkL / sflnu8x¿nfO{ a;f{}“ sfddf nufP . pgn] aL; xhf/ dflg;x¿nfO{ ;f]x« jif{;Dd x/]s lbg
sfddf nufPsf lyP .Ú d k]ml/ :s'nsf] df:6/ eO;s]sf] lyP“ .
…aL; xhf/ dflg;nfO{ x/]s lbg ;f]x« jif{;Dd <Ú
…xf], aL; xhf/ dflg;n] x/]s lbg ;f]x« jif{;Dd sfd ug'{k/]sf] lyof] tfhdxn agfpg .Ú
…v} Tolt 7"nf] t 5}g t Toqf w]/} dflg;x¿n] agfPsf] eg] klg <Ú
…To;f] t xf], t/ Tof] 7"nf] eP/ rrf{df cfPsf] x}g . Tof] t l;¨d/d/df s'“lbPsf cg'kd a'§f / ax'd"No
kTy/x¿sf sf/0f k|l;4 ePsf] xf] . tfhdxndf nufOPsf kTy/ / ltgdf s'“lbPsf ljlrq lrqsf/Lsf sf/0f
of] ljZjs} Ps clåtLo dfgjl;h{gf dflgG5 .Ú
…afaf, tfhdxn agfpg] afbzfxn] /fgL dbf{ Toqf]ljlw zf]s ug{'sf] sf/0f s] lyof] <Ú
…dnfO{ zfxhxf“sf af/]df w]/} t yfxf 5}g t}klg hfg]sf s'/f olQ xf] M zfxhxf“ d'un afbzfx hxf“lu/sf
;flx“nf 5f]/f lyP . pgL rfnL; jif{hltsf 5“bf ;g\ !^#! df pgsf afa'sf] d[To' eof] . pgL hGdynf]
nfxf]/af6 /fhwfgL cfu/f cfP . pgn] cfkm\gf bfh'x¿sf] xTof u/]/ zf;g cfkm\gf] xftdf kf/] . zfxhxf“n]
blIf0fL ef/tsf cg]s /fhfx¿;“u o'4 u/]/ cfkm\gf] l;dfgf k"j{df a¨fn / klZrddf ckmuflg:tfg;Dd k}mnfP
. o;/L pgL cfhsf a¨nfb]z, kfls:tfg, ckmuflg:tfg / ef/tsf nueu ;a} e"efusf Ps5q zf;s eP .
60
pgsf x/]s sbddf /fgLn] ;fy lblGyg\ . afbzfx ltgsf] k|]ddf kfun lyP . t/ Pp6f n8fO“df pgsL /fgL
3fOt] x'g k'lug\ / To;} sf/0fn] dl/g\ . zfxhxf“nfO{ kg'{ kL/ k¥of] . h'g /fgLsf] dg lhTgsf nflu pgn]
;+;f/;“u o'4 u/], ltgs} d[To' ePkl5 pgnfO{ cfkm\gf] hLjg lg/y{s nfUg yfNof] . pgn] cfkm\gL /fgLsf]
;Demgfdf ;f/f wg;DklQ / ;fdYo{ vr{ ug{] ljrf/ u/] . o;sf/0f pgn] ;f]x«;q jif{ aL;f}“ xhf/ sflnu8sf]
>d vr{ u/]/ o;/L cfkm\gL /fgLk|lt >4f~hln ck{]sf lyP . xfdLn] tfhdxnleq lrxfP/ x]/]sf] lrxfg pgsL
ltg} /fgL d'dtfhdxnsf] xf] . afbzfx lsNnfsf] o;} efudf a;]/ lbgx“' tfhdxnlt/ x]l//xGy] c/] .Ú xfdL
zfxhxf“n] tfhdxnlt/ x]g{] u/]sf] a/G8fdf cfOk'u]sf lyof}“ . s]xL kf]h kmf]6f] klg lvRof}“ oxf“af6 xfdLn] .
clns cufl8 a9]kl5 xfdL Pp6f ;'Gb/ sf]7fcufl8 k'Uof}“ . l;;}l;;fn] 3]l/P/ ag]sf] Tof] l;;dxn b]v]/
cg'hfn] ;f]wL–
…afaf † of] l;;fsf] sf]7fdf rflx“ sf] a:Yof] <Ú
…afbzfx zfxhxf“ s]xL jif{kl5 la/fdL k/] . pgsf 5f]/f cf}/¨h]an] afa' ax'nfP eg]/ pgnfO{ o;} sf]7fdf s}b
u/]/ zf;g;Qf xftdf lnP .Ú
…afa'nfO{ s}b u/Lu/L zf;g;Qf lng s] xtf/ Pp6f 5f]/fnfO{ <Ú ;Ltfn] ;f]lwg\ .
…Tof] t pg} hfg'g\, t/ zf;g xftdf cfpgf;fy cf}/¨h]an] cfkm\gf] b]zsf] l;dfgf a9fP . blIf0fL ef/tsf s]xL
b]zx¿ afa'sf kfnf;Dd :jtGq /lx/x]sf lyP . pgn] afa'n] lhTg g;s]sf blIf0fL ef/tsf lxGb" /fhfx¿nfO{
x/fP/ tL e"efu klg cfkm\g} b]zdf ufEg ;s] . o;/L ef/tsf] Oltxf;df cf}/¨h]an] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] /fHosf
/fhfsf] ¿kdf cfk"mnfO{ :yflkt u/] . afbzfx zfxhxf“ o;} sf]7fdf a;]/ tfhdxntkm{ Psf]xf]/f] x]l//xGy] . tL
kfun k|]dL zfxhxf“ s}bL cj:yfd} d/] .Ú
d Oltxf;sf] lzIfs eO/x]sf] lyP“ . xfdL xtf/xtf/ ub{} nfnlsNnfsf cGo efux¿lt/ a9\of}“ . t/ ;do
xfdLaf6 emg\emg\ eflu/x]sf] lyof] . ce}m klg dflg;x¿ lsNnfsf] e|d0f ug{ ev{/ k:t} klg lyP . aQLsf]
lemlnldnLdf xfdL aflx/ lg:Sof}“ . otf xfd|flt/ ePsf] eP ;a} dflg; cf–cfkm\gf 3/3/ kl;;s]sf x'g] lyP,
Toxf“ t e/v/ 3'Dg lg:sg] a]nf x'“b} lyof] . zflGtn] lbg] :jtGqtfsf] o:tf] dL7f] :jfb slxn] rfVg] xf]nf xfdL
g]kfnLn] <

@(= dfUg];“u df]afOn

38L x]/]“, /ftsf] cf7 ah]sf] /x]5 . ca lbNnL hfg' lyof] . a; of 6«]gdf Toxf“ k'Ubf nueu afx« aHg] b]lvof] .
gof“ dfG5], afx« ah]sf] ;dodf lbNnL k'u]/ sxf“ jf; vf]Hg] < glhs} dy'/f lyof] . h] eP klg klg 3'Dg}kg{]
7fp“, Toqf] tLy{:yn, a? dy'/f hfcf}“ eg]/ ;Nnfx u¥of}“ . a;df dy'/f k'Ubf /ftsf] b;dfq aHg] / jf; klg
;xh} kfOg] clg ef]ln laxfg dy'/f–j[Gbfjg 3'dL lbNnL hfg' Jofjxfl/s b]vL xfdL Pp6f l/S;f kj|m]/ glhs}sf]
a;:6]G8 k'Uof}“ .
cfu/faf6 sf];]nL:j¿k 3/ nfg] Pp6f kl/sf/ kfOg] /x]5 . e'O“s6x/ / lrgLaf6 agfOg] pSt kl/sf/nfO{
k]7f elg“bf] /x]5 .
dy'/f k'Ubf /ftsf] b; aHg nfu]sf] lyof] . xfdL Pp6f wd{zfnfdf jf; dfUg k'Uof}“, sf]7f t el/O;s]sf /x]5g\
. wd{zfnfsf] dflg;n] xfdLnfO{ ;Nnfx lbof]– …o;f] ugf{];\ g, cln klt{/ csf{] wd{zfnf 5, Toxf“ sf]7f kfpg]
;Defjgf 5 . Toxf“ klg gkfOP nhx¿lt/} vf]Hg'kg{] x'G5 .Ú
p;n] 5]psf] Pp6f l/S;f af]nfP/ xfdLnfO{ labf ul/xfNof] . To; l/S;fjfnfn] xfdLnfO{ ;x/sf] clns Jo:t
efusf] Pp6f 7"nf] 3/cufl8 k'¥ofof] . of] csf{] wd{zfnf /x]5 .
xfdL leq k:of}“ . geGb} xfdLnfO{ ;ftf}“ /ftsf nflu dy'/fsf] o; 7"nf] wd{zfnfdf sf]7f ldNof] . xfdL t];|f]
tnfsf] Pp6f ;fwf/0f sf]7fdf a:g] eof}“ . wd{zfnfejg rf/tn] ljzfn / ;'Gb/ /x]5 . k|To]s tnfdf ;of}“–
61
clns eL8ef8 u/L a:g] eP t xhf/f}“– dflg;nfO{ jf; a:g k'Ug] o; ejgsf tn}lkR5] ;fd"lxs :gfg3/,
rkL{ / wf/fsf] dgUu] Joj:yf ul/Psf] /x]5 . wd{zfnfsf] ;'/IffsdL{n] xfdLnfO{ xfd|f] sf]7fdf lnP/ uof] .
;Ltf df}sf ldNgf;fy n'uf w'g / g'xfpg tof/ kl/g\ . dy'/fsf] udL{, gg'xfOGh]n ;Gtf]if x'“b}g . b'j} 5f]/Ln]
g'xfPkl5 xfdL afa'cfdfsf] kfnf] cfof] . /ft l5lKkP klg udL{ k|r08 lyof] . ef/tLox¿ xfdLh:t} ;fdfGotof
laxfg g'xfOw'jfO u5{g\, t/ oxf“ t udL{ ;dodf rf}aL;} 306f g'xfpg]x¿sf] eL8ef8 eO/xg] /x]5 .
lbgel/ af]tns} kfgL vfP klg laxfga]n'sf xfdL hxf“ klg :yfgLo kfgL vfg vf]HYof}“ . Toxf“sf] …dL7f kfgLÚ t
:jfbsf sf/0f vfg} g;lsg] . sfG5L 5f]/Ln] gfs y'g]/ kfgL lkO{ . glhs}sf] xf]6ndf k;]/ vfgf vfof}“ .
dy'/fsf] bfneft k6Ss dL7f] ePg . h] klg c;x\o g'lgnf] . bxLdf dfq vf];f{gL gk/]sf] †
/ftL ;fgL 5f]/LnfO{ h/f] cfof] . dnfO{ klg ?3fvf]sLn] ;dfTof] . x]bf{x]b{} ;fgL 5f]/L t lgs} la/fdL eO{ .
l;6fdf]n cf}iflw v'jfPkl5 h/f] clns cf]ln{of] . l9nf] u/L ;'Tof}“ .
kRrL; ut]sf] laxfg, ;a]/} p7]/ 5f]/LnfO{ k'gM l;6fdf]n v'jfP/ xfdL dy'/f bz{g ug{ nfUof}“ . l/S;fn] kL7
nUof] . xfdL od'gflsgf/df Psl5g dUg eP/ x]l//x\of}“ . ;"of{]bosf] ;do ePkl5 xfdLn] ;"o{nfO{ od'gfsf] kfgL
c3{ r9fof}“ . o; od'gflsgf/df klg k08fx¿n] emGem6 lbg] ubf{ /x]5g\ . jl/kl/ cjnf]sg ug{ nfos w]/} s'/f
/x]5g\ . dgdf cg]s cg'e"ltx¿ pTkÌ x'Gy] . xfdL k~r:gfgkl5 3f6af6 ;8slt/ hf“b} lyof}“, sfG5L 5f]/Ln]
d]/f] kfOG6 tfgL . p;n] dnfO{ v';'Ss s]xL egL . d}n] s'/f] a'lemg“ . clns k/ uPkl5 p;n] egL– …dfUg];“u
klg df]afOn, x]g"{ g † p M s'/f ub{{} 5 .Ú
3f6b]lv ;8s;Dd dfUg]x¿sf] n:s/ lyof] . åfl/sfsf oL dfUg]x¿ cGoqsf e}“m cg]s ¿k/ªsf, cg]s pd]/,
hft / :jf:Yo–cj:yfsf lyP . t/ Pp6f dfUg] ;]n'n/ df]afOn kmf]gdf dhf;“u s'/f ul//x]sf] lyof] . ef/tsf
dfUg]x¿sf xftdf ;d]t df]afOn kmf]gsf] kx'“r b]Vtf dnfO{ cfkm\gf] b]zsf] s'zf;g ;De]m/ cToGt g/dfOnf]
nfUof] . xfd|f] b]zdf rflx“ ePsf klg /fhfsf] zf;gn] aGb ul/lbPsf] lyof] . /fhfn] /Iff ul/lbg nfu]sf]
k|hftGqnfO{ df]afOn kmf]gaf6 klg vt/f lyof] . dnfO{ slj df]bgfy k|l>tsf] clns k'/fgf] sljtfsf] Ps
nfOg ofb cfof]–
la/fnfx¿n] uh{] d';ftGq cd/ /xf];\ .
x]bf{x]b{} csf]{ dfUg]sf] df]afOn kmf]g aHg yfNof] . To;n] sDd/df 3';f/]sf] df]afOn ;]6 lemSof] . xfdL lha|f]
6f]St} lx“8\of}“ . cd]l/sfdf 3/wGbf ug{] k];fsf dflg;x¿ klg sf/ r9\5g\ eg]sf] ;'g]sf] lyP“, ef/tLo
duGt]x¿;d]t df]afOn kmf]g le5{g\ eg] Tof] t cd]l/sf †
åfl/sf kL7fwLzsf] bz{g ug{ b'O{ 306f nfOgdf s'g'{k¥of] . bz{gkl5 xfdL dy'/fdf s[i0f–hGde"ld x]g{ uof}“ .
s[i0fhGde"ld eJo / x]g{ lgs} ;do nfUg] /x]5 . ;'/IffJoj:yf / hf“r klg s8f . gx]/L gx'g] g} /x]5 of] klg .
p; k|frLg ;dosf] ;'/IffJoj:yf, ejglgdf{0fsnf / ;+:s[lt ce}m dy'/fdf hLljt /x]5 .

#)= cw'/f] ofqf hLjgsf]

b'uf{hL— cyf{t\ d]/f afn;vf b'uf{ u'/fufO{“, O6x/f d"n 3/, t/ xfn klZrdsf] wgu9Llgjf;L— sf b]a|] 5ftLdf
ce}m Pp6f 7"nf] vt 5 . afnvsfndf /f“ufn] xfg]sfn] a;]sf] Tof] vt . ce}m /f“ufe}“;L jf ufO{uf]?s} klg nfdf
l;ª jf To:t} nfDrf] cfsf/sf] sfnf]–sfnf] 3'd{}nf] j:t' b]Vtf pgL em:sG5g\ . d]/f] To:t} cJoSt eosf] gftf
62
5 lgdf]lgof;“u . d]/f bfh' hLjgsf] 7"nf] 5f]/f] 8f]n]Zj/ ;fgf] 5“b} kfkL lgdf]lgofn] nUof] . o;}sf/0f dnfO{ o;
ladf/b]lv ;f/} 8/ nfU5 . clxn] klg s'g} afnsnfO{ of] ladf/ nfu]sf] b]v]“ eg] d cflQG5' . kRrL;5AaL;
jif{sf] o'js b]Vt}lkR5] d]/f] dg ef“l8G5, cf}iflwkfgL ;dodf ug{ ;s]sf] eP d]/f] elthf] oq} x'g] lyof] lg h:tf]
eP/ cfp“5 .
;fgL 5f]/LnfO{ laxfgsf] b; ah]b]lv lgdf]lgofn] ;dfTof] . pm :of“:of“–km\of“km\of“ clg xKofsxKofs ug{ yfnL .
d]/f] ;ftf]k'Tnf] p8\of] . o; k/b]zdf 5f]/LnfO{ lgdf]lgof x'g' dnfO{ layf]Ng kof{Kt lyof] . dy'/fsf] w"nf]n]
la/fdLnfO{ emg\ c;/ ug{] b]lvof] . d]/f] dgleqsf ofqf;DaGwL ;a} /x/x¿ ;Gqf;df cg'jfb eO;s]sf lyP .
To;} t d x8a8], To;dfly cg'hfnfO{ lgdf]lgof, dg–wg'sf] cf“6 eÌ] tf“bf] l5lgxfNof] . >LdtL d]/f] 3a/fx6
b]v]/ emg\ nyflnË eOg\ .
d}n] w]/} ufp“vfg] syf, nf]sf]lSt / wfld{s pT;jx¿df ;'lgcfPsf] …laGb|fagÚ lgs} glhs lyof] . s]xL
lsnf]ld6/dfq af“sL /x]5 oxf“af6 ;f] tLy{:yn . t/ j[Gbfjge|d0fsf nflu ce}m d}n] slt jif{ klv{g'kg{] xf],
cw'/f] ;kgf ToxL“ la;fP/ 3/} lkmg{ tof/ eP“ d . tLgkfª\u|]x¿ s// ub{} j[Gbfjgtkm{ uO/x]sf lyP . ca tL
xfd|f nflu lyPgg\ .
sDtLdf klg 5]j}sf] hok'/ / lbNnL 3'Dg] pTs6 OR5f lyof] . u'Kt ;fd|fHosf] ef/tjif{sf k|d'v slknj:t',
kf6nLk'q, k|ofu / dy'/f x]g{ kfPsf] d gfnGbf klg k:g] ljrf/df lyP“, tIflznf kfls:tfgL e"ldleq eP/ hfg
;lhn} g;lsg] eP klg gfnGbf t 3/ lkmbf{ af6}df lg:s] x'g] lyof] . d'unsfnsf rlr{t kfgLkt, j}zfnL,
chGtf / dGb;f}/ clg pHh}g x]g{ stfstf dg 5“b} lyof] . hok'/sf xjf dxn, ;x/jl/kl/sf] kvf{n / au}“rf
x]g{ af“sL lyof] . oL s'g} 7fp“ gk'u] klg lasfg]/ / h};nd]/ kfOnf]dfq /fVg eP klg hfg] dg lyof] . b]Vg
af“sL t l;Ëf] ;+;f/ g} lyof] .

d}n] lx;fa u/]“, clxn] kl/l:ylt ofqfsf nflu k|lts"n 5 . ca eljiodf 3/af6 emf]nf af]s]/ otflt/sf
ofqfdf lg:sg kfp“5' ls kfp“lbg“, Tof] t d eÌ ;lStgy]“, t/ ofqf cw'/f] /x\of] . ;ft} lbgdf ofqf 6'lj|mof] .
cfk"mnfO{ cfkt\ kbf{ e/;s ljZjfl;nf] JolSt 5fÌ'kg{] d2t dfUg . dy'/faf6 ;f]e}m sfgk'/ cfof}“ . ofqfsf]
cf7f}“ lbgsf] a]n'sf pxL k'/fgf] sgf}l8of wd{zfnfdf jf; a:g cfOxfNof}“ . of] wd{zfnf xfd|f nflu csf{] 3/
lyof] . wd{zfnfsf] Dofg]h/ xfd|} sfsfafa'hlQs} e/ kg{ ;lsg] cfkmGt nfUg yfln;s]sf] lyof] . 5f]/L k"0f{tof
7Ls gx'Gh]n xfdL oxL“ a:g] ePsf lyof}“ .
Dofg]h/n] eGof]– …df:6/hL, of] sfgk'/ kf] xf] t † /fd|f/fd|f 8fS6/ 5g\ . 5f]/LnfO{ dy'/fsf] 8S6/n] lbPsf]
cf}iflwn] sfd u/]g eg] 8S6/sxf“ hfcf}“nf g . d}n] /fd|/L lrg]sf] Pshgf h]g/n lkmlhl;ogsf] lSnlgs oxL“
glhs} 5 . k};fsf] ;d:of 5 eg] klg lkmj|mL glng'xf]nf . xfdL 5f}“ .Ú
t/ cg'hfsf] lgdf]lgof dy'/fsf] 8fS6/n] lbPs} cf}iflwn] l56} clns ;fdfGo eof] . laxfgkv t pm nueu
;fdfGo eO;s]sL lyO{ . d]/f 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ lgdf]lgof eof] ls PlG6afof]l6s v'jfpg} k5{ . 8fS6/x¿ eG5g\–
PlG6afof]l6ssf] lg/Gt/ k|of]un] JolStsf] /StpTkfbg–Ifdtfdf x«f; Nofp“5 . t/ Tof] t ef]lnsf] ;d:of xf],
dnfO{ cfhsf] lrGtf Hofbf 5 .
xfd|f] ofqfsf] gjf}“ lbg cyf{t\ @)^@ ;fnsf] ljhof bzdLsf] laxfg rf/} ah] …3/kl§Ú;“u labfjf/L eP/ /]nj]
hª\S;g cfof}“ . lbNnL nfUg] ls 3/– d bf]wf/df lyP“ .
…b;}“ ;lsg nflu;Sof], 3/lt/} lkm/f}“, cf3f}“sf] b;}“labfdf lbNnL / klZrdL ef/t 3'df}“nf .Ú ;Ltf eÌ yflng\ .
xfdL nvgpmlt/ nfUof}“ . /]n crDd} nfUg] u/L vfnL lyof] . af6fdf d}n] 5f]/Lx¿;“u g]kfnL nf]suLtdf /]nsf]
rrf{ x'g] s'/f p7fP“ . pgLx¿nfO{ klg s]xL /]nuLt cfpg], d}n] c¿ Psb'O{ uLt ufpg l;sfP“–
lsg hfG5f} k/b]zL x'gnfO{
/]nsf] em\ofndf a;]/ ?gnfO{
kfgL tfn}df======= .
63
/]nsf] em\ofndf a;]/ pgLx¿n] lgs}j6f /]nuLt :j/ vf]n]/ ufP . d}n] 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ ef/tsf] Oltxf; klg lgs}
atfP“ . pgLx¿n] ef/tLo e"lddf ofqf ubf{ ToxL ef/tsf] Oltxf; lgs} ?lrk"j{s ;'g] . nvgpmdf cfOk'Ubf
5f]/Lx¿ t nvgpm 3'd]/} dfq 3/ nfuf}“ eÌ yfn] .
ljhof bzdLsf] lbg . ufp“3/df dflg;x¿ 6Lsf / hd/fdf ;lhP/ otfptf ub{} xf]nfg\ . O6x/L, pnf{af/L /
xfd|f ufp“n] ;8sdf klg /ªla/ËL n'uf nfP/ dflg;x¿ ;d"x;d"x agfP/ lx“8\b} xf]nfg\ . e'/fe'/Lx¿ dfjn
hfg xtfl/O/x]sf xf]nfg\ . ;8sdf lnË] lkªdf /p;] l76fl76Lx¿ rrx'O{ eGb} /dfO/x]sf xf]nfg\ . a;x¿df
r9Lg;Sg' eL8 xf]nf . ;'Ts]/L / 5f]/f5f]/Lsf cfdfx¿ klg gfgL Rofk]/ sgLsgL dfOtlt/ nfUb} xf]nfg\ . xfd|f]
3/cufl8sf] ;8sdf b;}“sf kfx'gfx¿ otfaf6 ptf clg ptfaf6 otf k}bn lx“8\b} u/]sf] b[Zo slt ;'Gb/
b]lv“bf] xf] † df]6/;fOsn x'g]x¿ otf / ptf 3'dfp“bf x'g\ . obfsbf 6\ofS;L klg xfd|f ufp“df l55{, l5bf{] xf] .
xfdL sltv]/ cfOk'U5f}“ eg]/ cfdf slxn] pQ/ t slxn] klZrdsf] af6f] x]g'{x'“bf] xf] . l;h{gf efGhL ;fg}b]lv
dfjndf a;]/ x's{]sL, pgL cfkm\gf] ;fgf] dfdfnfO{ …p M dfdf–dfOh" †Ú eg]/ e'mSofO/xlG5g\ xf]nf . xfd|f]
cg'kl:yltn] efOx¿ a]r}g xf]nfg\ . xfdL 3/ gk'u'Gh]n xfd|f] 3/sf] b;}“ k"0f{ cfsf/df cfpg] s'/} lyPg . ptf
;;'/fnLdf klg xfd|f] cfudgsf] k|tLIff p:t} lyof] .
xfdLn] rflx“ 5f]/Lx¿sf] cfu|x gf£g g;s]/ nvgpm 3'Dg] g} ljrf/ u¥of}“ . xtf/xtf/ ub{} xfdL /]lh8]G;L,
e'ne'n}of / a'4kfs{–xfyLkfs{ 3'Dof}“ . xfyLkfs{df 5f]/Lx¿ cToGt /dfP . nvgpmsf], To;df klg cem eGbf
e'ne'n}ofsf] e|d0f–cg'ejsf] af/]df t dnfO{ Pp6f 5'§} lgaGw n]Vg dg 5 .
ljZjsf] Wofg Psf]xf]¥ofpg ;kmn tfhdxn d]/f] ;x/ O6x/Laf6 d'l:snn] afx« ;o lsnf]ld6/ 6f9f xf]nf .
ljZjk|l;4 agf/; ;x/, ljZjk|l;4 nvgp / dxfg\ uËf–od'gfx¿ xfdLaf6 cToGt glhs 5g\ . ef/tsf
;x/, To;df klg pQ/L ef/tsf ;x/ xfd|f nflu ;:tf / ;'ud 5g\ . eflifs / ;f+:s[lts lx;fan] ;xh} 3'Dg
;lsg] pQ/L ef/tsf oL w]/} dxŒjk"0f{ 7fp“x¿ xfdL /fd|/L 3'Dg Eofp“b}gf}“ . oL 7fp“x¿ 3'Dg eg]/ ljZjel/af6
dflg; cfp“5g\ t/ xfdL cfd g]kfnL Totflt/ kms{]/ x]g{;Dd x]b{}gf}“ .
————————————————————————————————————————
a]n'sf /]nj] :6];g kmSof}“{ . b;}“sf] dxfkj{ 5, 3'Dg lx“8]sf xfdL cfwfaf6}af6 lkmg'{k/]sf] lyof] . g tfs]sf] ofqf
ug{ kfOof] g b;}“ dfÌ . b'j}lt/sf] la:dft\ af]s]/ xfdL To;} ;f“em lkmg{ tof/ eof}“ .
;}lgs l8Aafdf l;lelnogn] r9\g' b08gLo ck/fw xf] eÌ] ofqfcjlwe/ dnfO{ yfxf ePg . ;}lgs l8Aafdf
r9]sf]df xfdL kj|mfp t k/]gf}“ t/ kl5 yfxf eof] o;f] ug'{ uDeL/ ck/fw /x]5 . clxn] ;Dem“bf klg 8/ nfU5,
slt lgw{Ss eP/ xfdL ;}lgs l8Aafdf r9\Yof}“ †
nvgpmaf6 lkmbf{ eg] xfdL ;fwf/0f l8Aafd} r9]/ cfof}“ . gjf}“ /ft / ef]lnkN6 afx« ah];Dd eL8 g eL8sf]
6«]gd} laTof], b;f}“ /ft xfdL kmf/a];uGh cfO{ jf; a:of}“ . laxfg hf]uagLdf lsgd]n ul/of] . 3'Dg eg]/
5'6\ofPsf] k};f ar]sfn] tÌf, l;/ssf vf]n, ;f/L, gfgLx¿sf nflu sk8f, d/d;nf / l:6nsf s]xL ef“8fs'“8f
lsÌ kfof}“ .
g]kfndf ef/t;DaGwL gsf/fTds wf/0ff Jofks 5 . w]/} g]kfnLsf b[li6df ef/t b'i6, ldrfxf, 7u / 9f“6
l5d]sL xf] clg cfd ef/tLo rf]/, sfdrf]/, nf]eL, 7u / kmf]xf]/L . ef/tLo zf;sju{sf] g]kfndfly eO/xg]
lyrf]ldrf]sf sf/0f cfd g]kfnL ef/tsf] af/]df / g]kfn cfpg] ef/tLox¿sf] af/]df ;d]t gsf/fTds b[li6sf]0f
/fV5g\ . ptf uP/ ;fgf]ltgf] /f]huf/L ug{] g]kfnLx¿ Toxf“ cToGt kLl8t ePsf sxfgLn] xfdLnfO{ ef/tlj/f]wL
agfp“5 . ptf blIf0f ef/tsf] x}b/fafbdf nfdf] ;dob]lv a;f]jf; ub{} cfPsL d]/L alxgL xf]df u'/fufO{“
elG5g\– …x}b/fafbdf ;fgf]ltgf] rf]/L, 7uL / s'6lk6 ug{]dWo] gAa] k|ltzt lx:;f g]kfnLsf] 5 .Ú
g]kfnsf] gfsdf kmf]xf]/ bNg]x¿ h'g;'s} 7fp“df klg k'u]sf x'“bf /x]5g\ .
;Ltfsf] cg'ejdf ef/tLox¿ g]kfnsf] af/]df cToGt ;sf/fTds 5g\ . pgnfO{ nfU5, ef/tLox¿ xfdLeGbf
;lxi0f', ;xof]uL, ljZjfl;nf / ;kmf;'U3/ 5g\ . ;j{;fwf/0f ef/tLox¿ g]kfnnfO{ zfGt / ;'Gb/ lxdfnL b]z
tyf e/kbf{] l5d]sL dfGbf /x]5g\ . g]kfndf al9/x]sf] czflGtn] pgLx¿nfO{ klg gdL7f] nfu]sf] / g]kfnsf]
;'vzflGtn] ef/tLonfO{ klg k|ToIf–ck|ToIf nfe k'Ug] ltgLx¿sf] 7DofO /x]5 . ;j{;fwf/0f ef/tLox¿
g]kfndf /fhf /lx/x] g]kfnsf] sNof0f b]Vtf /x]5g\ . dfcf]jfbLx¿nfO{ pgLx¿ 8/nfUbf cftª\ssf/L b]Vtf
/x]5g\ . xfd|f] b]zel/ o'4 bgbgL an]sf] / x/]s g]kfnLnfO{ dfcf]jfbLaf6 vt/f 5 eÌ] 7fGbf /x]5g\ . g]kfnsf
d'Vo ;d:of dfcf]jfbLx¿ x'g\ / ;dfwfg /fhfl;t 5 eÌ] pgLx¿nfO{ nfUbf] /x]5 . g]kfnLx¿ /fhfnfO{
64
k/d]Zj/ 7fG5g\ eÌ] klg pgLx¿df ljZjf; /x]5 . ef/tLox¿ g]kfnsf] e"uf]n, jt{dfg / Oltxf;sf af/]df
sd ?lr tyf hfgsf/L /fVtf /x]5g\ .
3/af6 lx“8]sf] P3f/f}“ lbg ha lj/f6gu/ cfOk'u]/ dfOj|mf]a; r9\of}“, ofq' / vnf;LaLrsf] ef8fljjfb b]v]/
;Ltfn] k|ltlj|mof hgfOg\– …k]ml/ pxL s'xLuGw] d'n'sdf cfOk'luof] ca, cfkm\gf] eg]/ s] ug'{ †Ú ef/tLo / g]kfnL
ofq'sf] cg'zf;gsf] t'ngf ubf{ xfdL slt 5f8f 5f}“, ;Ltfsf] cleJolStdf cy{ vf]h] k'U5 . ;j{q 5f8fkg 5,
;j{q nyflnË 5, ;j{q cefj 5, cltJolStjfbL ;f]rn] ;j{q cfj|mfGt kf/]sf] ;do 5, xfdL ca x'Nofxf,
gfdb{ / kª\u' eO;s]sf 5f}“ . o; b'u{ltaf6 xfdLn]] slxn] kf/ kfpg] < ef/tsf ;a}eGbf cJojl:yt elgg]
laxf/ / pQ/k|b]zsf s]xL k|d'v ;x/x¿sf] Joj:yf b]v]/ kms{]sL ;Ltf ljrf/dUg b]lvOg\ .

#!= la6

kfyLe/f dfO{sf] j/bfg kfO{ hGd]sf] d tftf]kfgL, e]/L, sfj]nL / a"9Ldf g'xfP/ rf]vf] eP“ .
ars longa vita brosis.
xn]Zj/ dxfb]j, kz'klt / :joDe"af6 ;+/lIft d hgsk'/, lbª\nf / u'NdLsf] uj{ 5ftLdf af]s]/ g'jfsf]6,
l;Gw'nLu9L, kfNkf / uf]/vf 8'Nbf jL/ eP“ clg b]jbx, ltnf}/fsf]6 / n'lDagL 3'd]/ a'4 eP“ . ca PskN6 ;Ltf
/ 5f]/Lx¿nfO{ lnP/ d of] d]/f] cfkm\g} ;'Gb/ 3/cf“ug 8'Ng]5' . ;f}/fxf, a]gL, 3f]8]kfgL / v'Dh'ª 3'Dg]5' . bfª,
;'v{]t, wgu9L / dx]Gb|gu/ x]g{]5' . dxfsfnLkfl/sf rf“bgL / bf]wf/fdf a:g] d]/f bfh'efO–lbbLalxgLnfO{ e]6\g]5'
. pbok'/u9L x]g{] e'h]n / dsjfgk'/ u9L ?“u]/ a;]sf tfdfª l5d]sLsf s'/f ;'Ì]5' . k;f{, k/f;L / b]pv'/Ldf
a:g] af–cfdfsf] bz{g u/L 6Lsfk'/df jf; a:g k'Ug' 5 . a8Ldflnsf, :ju{åf/L, rGbggfy, vKt8, d'lStgfy,
b]j3f6 / bf]nvf eLd]Zj/sf] bz{g ug{' 5 . df]xgf, jf0fuª\uf / ;]tLsf] ;';]nL ;'g]/ ef]6]sf];Ldf u'Gu'gfpg
cfOk'Ug' 5 . alb{ofsf] hª\undf do"/ gfr]sf] x]/]/ /dfPsf] dg /f/fsf] ;"of]{bodf kmj|mg'k5{ . ;/fªsf]6,
>LcGt', 6\ofDs] / rGb|flul/ 5fd]/ uf];fO“s'08, bfdf]b/s'08, b"ws'08, b"wkf]v/L / ;efkf]v/Ldf 8'a'NsL dfg'{ 5
. ltnfgbL, lnv' / dfbL tg'{ 5 . ;Gbsk'/ / >Lgu/sf] laxfg, l;dLsf]6, b'g} / b'Nn'sf] lbg, vnª\uf /
;f“km]au/sf] ;f“em ;fIffTsf/ ug'{ 5 . srgsjn / gfDr]sf] km/s yfxf kfpg' 5 . g]kfnuGhsf] udL{ /
cf]nfªr'ª uf]nfsf] hf8f] ef]Ug' 5 . lh/L, rfd] / 6's'r] 6]s]kl5 hn]Zj/, u9LdfO{, pu|tf/f, afu]Zj/L, knf~rf]s
eujtL / l5Ggd:tf eujtLsf] bz{g ug{' 5 . ;Ltf sf“qm]laxf/sf] Ps 9'ª\ufdfly ysfO dfg{ a;]sf] x]g{' 5 .
k"hf z'Snfkmf“6fsf d[u bf}8]sf] b[Zodf /dfPsf] clg cg'hf alb{ofsf xfQLdf r9\bf x8\a8fPsf] kmf]6f] lvRg' 5 .
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