Source 1

What is a preposition?

A preposition is a word used to link nouns, pronouns, or phrases to other words within a

sentence. They act to connect the people, objects, time and locations of a sentence.  Prepositions
are usually short words, and they are normally placed directly in front of nouns. In some cases,
you’ll find prepositions in front of gerund verbs.

A nice way to think about prepositions is as the words that help glue a sentence together. They do
this by expressing position and movement, possession, time and how an action is completed.
Indeed, several of the most frequently used words in all of English, such as of, to, for, with, on and
at, are prepositions. Explaining prepositions can seem complicated, but they are a common part of
language and most of us use them naturally without even thinking about it.
In fact, it’s interesting to note that prepositions are regarded as a ‘closed class’ of words in the
English language. This means, unlike verbs and nouns, no new words are added to this group over
time. In a way, it reflects their role as the functional workhorse of the sentence. They are
unassuming and subtle, yet vitally important to the meaning of language.
There are two very important rules to remember when using prepositions. Because they are
somewhat vague, learning about prepositions and using them correctly in sentences takes practice.
Because 1:1 translation is often impossible when dealing with prepositions, even the most advanced
English students have some difficulty at first.

 The first rule is that to make sentences clear, specific prepositions are needed. For example,
the preposition in means one thing and the preposition on cannot substitute for it in all
cases. Some prepositions are interchangeable but not always. The correct preposition means
one particular thing and using a different proposition will give the sentence a very different
meaning. I want to see you  in  the house now, Bill! means something very different from I
want to see you  on  the house now, Bill! In  the house means Bill should go through the door,
walk inside, and stand in the hall or living room. On  the house means Bill would need to get
a ladder and climb to the roof where he would be on top of the house.
 The second rule for using prepositions is that prepositions are generally followed by nouns
or pronouns. There was a time in the past when teachers held strictly to this rule, but it
made for some clunky sentences. I am seeking someone I can depend on ends with the
preposition on, so people who insisted that sentences shouldn’t end with a preposition
would be forced to use convoluted and unnatural phrasing. To avoid ending that sentence
above with a preposition, you’d have to say, someone I can depend on is whom I am seeking.
 There are more than 100 prepositions in the English language. In addition, there are endless
possibilities for creating  prepositional phrases, phrases that begin with a preposition and
end with a noun or pronoun.  In the following sections, you will find examples of
prepositions, types of prepositions, a comprehensive list of prepositions, and some helpful
preposition exercises. As you read the examples and study the list, remember that
prepositions usually convey concepts such as comparison, direction, place, purpose, source
possession, and time.
Source 2

A preposition is one of the nine parts of speech.

The name preposition (pre + position) means "place BEFORE". A preposition typically comes

BEFORE another word—usually a noun phrase. It tells us about the relationship between the noun
phrase and another part of the sentence. Some very common prepositions are: in, of, on, for, with,
at, by

Look at these example sentences:

 The book is on the round table. (relationship in space)

 We will meet in November. (relationship in time)

 I sent the information by email. (relationship of method)

Several other relationships are expressed by prepositions. In addition, more metaphorical ideas can
be expressed such as: in love, beyond doubt, under investigation

If a preposition does not come BEFORE another word, it is still closely linked to another word:

 Who did you talk to?

 To whom did you talk?

 I talked to Jane.

Form

Prepositions have no particular form. The majority of prepositions are single words, but some are
two- or three-word phrases:

 one-word prepositions (before, into, on)

 complex prepositions (according to, but for, in spite of)

Source 3

A preposition is a word that indicates the relationship between a noun and the other words of a
sentence. They explain relationships of sequence, space, and logic between the object of the
sentence and the rest of the sentence. They help us understand order, time connections, and
positions.
Example:
o I am going to Canada.
o Alex threw a stone into the pond.
o The present is inside the box.
o They have gone out of the town.
There are a few interesting linguistic facts about preposition.
First, they are a closed class of words  which means no new preposition gets added to the language.
We use a fixed set of prepositions.
Second, prepositions do not have any other form. They cannot be plural, possessive, inflection, or
anything else.
Third, most of the prepositions have many different contextual and natural uses. So, it is easy to be
confused about preposition.
Fourth, sometimes a preposition works as nouns, adjectives, and adverbs.
Prepositions can be of one, two, three, or even more words. Prepositions with two or more words
are called phrasal prepositions.

There are some commonly used phrasal prepositions:

because of, in case of, instead of, by way of, on behalf of, on account of, in care of, in spite of, on the
side of, etc.

Types of Preposition

Prepositions of Time:
Prepositions of time show the relationship of time between the nouns to the other parts of a
sentence.
On, at, in, from, to, for, since, ago, before, till/until, by, etc. are the most common preposition of
time.
Example:
o He started working at 10 AM.
o The company called meeting on 25 October .
o There is a holiday in December.
o He has been ill since Monday .
Read More: Prepositions of Time Usage

Prepositions of Place and Direction:

Prepositions of place show the relationship of place between the nouns to the other parts of a
sentence.
On, at, in, by, from, to, towards, up, down, across, between, among, through, in front of, behind,
above, over, under, below, etc. are the most common prepositions of place/direction.
Example:
o He is at home.
o He came from England .
o The police broke into the house .
o I live across the river.

Prepositions of Agents or Things:

Prepositions of agents or things indicate a casual relationship between nouns and other parts of the
sentence.
Of, for, by, with, about, etc. are the most used and common prepositions of agents or things.
Example:
o This article is about smartphones.
o Most of the guests have already left.
o I will always be here for you.
o He is playing with his brothers .

Phrasal Prepositions:
A phrasal preposition is not a prepositional phrase, but they are a combination of two or more
words which functions as a preposition.
Along with, apart from, because of, by means of, according to, in front of, contrary to, in spite of,
on account of, in reference to, in addition to, in regard to, instead of, on top of, out of, with regard
to, etc. are the most common phrasal prepositions.

Example:
o They along with  their children went to Atlanta.
o According to  the new rules, you are not right.
o In spite of being a good player, he was not selected.
o I’m going out of the city.