Hydraulic shock absorber for vehicles

Description

[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to a hydraulic shock absorber for a vehicle.
[0002]
[Prior art]
In order to reduce the number of parts compared to a conventional hydraulic shock
absorber, in which a damper cylinder is provided inside the outer tube and inner
tube, and a piston is slidably contacted with the inner periphery of this damper
cylinder, As described in 23957, there is one in which a piston is slidably contacted
with the inner periphery of an inner tube without providing a damper cylinder.
[0003]
In this conventional hydraulic shock absorber, the inner tube is slidably inserted
into the outer tube through bushes fixed to the inner circumferential opening of the
outer tube and the outer circumferential tip of the inner tube. An annular oil
chamber surrounded by the inner periphery of the outer tube, the outer periphery of
the inner tube, and the two bushes is partitioned, a partition member is provided on
the inner periphery of the inner tube, and an oil chamber is partitioned in the lower
portion, A piston that divides an air chamber in the upper part, slidably inserts a
piston rod attached to the outer tube into the partition member, and slidably
contacts the inner periphery of the inner tube at the tip of the piston rod inserted
into the inner tube The oil chamber is partitioned into a piston rod side oil chamber
in which the piston rod is accommodated and a piston side oil chamber in which
the piston rod is not accommodated, The Jo oil chamber through the oil hole
provided in the inner tube communicates with the piston rod side oil chamber.
[0004]
In addition, the cross-sectional area of the annular oil chamber and the cross-
sectional area of the piston rod are set to be approximately equal, and a deposition
compensation chamber formed of an elastic cylinder that absorbs the volume
expansion of the working oil is provided in the oil chamber inside the inner tube.
ing.
[0005]
As a result, hydraulic oil corresponding to the volume of the piston rod that enters
the inner tube in the compression stroke is transferred from the inner oil chamber
of the inner tube to the annular oil chamber through the oil hole of the inner tube.
Further, the hydraulic oil corresponding to the retracted volume of the piston rod
that retreats from the inner tube in the extension stroke is transferred from the
annular oil chamber to the oil chamber on the inner periphery of the inner tube
through the oil hole of the inner tube. Further, the volume expansion due to the
temperature rise of the oil is compensated by the deposition compensation chamber
provided in the inner tube.
[0006]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
In the prior art, since the cross-sectional area of the annular oil chamber and the
cross-sectional area of the piston rod are set to be approximately equal, there are
the following problems.
[0007]
(1) The outer diameter of the piston rod and the setting of the annular gap between
the outer tube and the inner tube are very delicate, and the pressure conditions
inside the inner tube change depending on the processing dimension tolerance.
[0008]
(2) When piston rods having the same outer diameter are used, the annular gap has
to be narrowed as the inner tube becomes larger in diameter, which limits the
design.
[0009]
(3) When the annular gap is made constant, it is necessary to increase the outer
diameter of the piston rod as the inner tube becomes larger in diameter, and the
piston rod parts cannot be shared.
[0010]
An object of the present invention is to provide a hydraulic shock absorber in
which a piston is slidably contacted with an inner periphery of an inner tube, and
does not require a delicate setting of an annular gap between the outer tube and the
inner tube.
[0011]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
According to the first aspect of the present invention, the inner tube is slidable in
the outer tube through the bushes fixed to the inner peripheral opening of
the vehicle body side outer tube and the outer peripheral tip of the wheel side inner
tube. An annular oil chamber surrounded by the inner periphery of the outer tube,
the outer periphery of the inner tube, and the two bushes, a partition member
provided on the inner periphery of the inner tube, and an oil chamber in the lower
portion And an oil reservoir chamber including an air chamber at an upper
portion, and a piston rod attached to the outer tube is slidably inserted into the
partition member, and is attached to a tip portion of the piston rod inserted into the
inner tube. A piston that is slidably contacted with the inner periphery of the inner
tube is fixed, and a piston rod side oil chamber in which the piston rod is
accommodated and a piston in which the piston rod is not accommodated. In the
hydraulic shock absorber for a vehicle, which is partitioned into an oil chamber
and communicates with the piston rod side oil chamber or the piston side oil
chamber via an oil hole provided in the inner tube, the annular oil chamber The
cross-sectional area of the piston rod is larger than that of the piston rod, and the
partition member is provided with a check valve for preventing the flow from the
oil chamber to the oil reservoir chamber during the extension stroke, and the
partition member has the An oil chamber and a micro flow path that passes through
the oil reservoir chamber are provided.
[0012]
According to a second aspect of the present invention, in the first aspect of the
present invention, the check valve provided in the partition member is provided on
the inner periphery of the partition member so that the piston rod can be slidably
supported. is there.
[0013]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
1 is a cross-sectional view showing the entire hydraulic shock absorber, FIG. 2 is a
cross-sectional view showing an enlarged main part on the lower end side of FIG.
1, and FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional view showing an enlarged main part on the upper
end side of FIG. 4 is a cross-sectional view taken along line IV-IV in FIG. 3, FIG.
5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of FIG. 3, and FIG. 6 is a
perspective view showing the check valve.
[0014]
As shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, the hydraulic shock absorber 10 has a bush 11 </ b> A
fixed to the inner periphery of the lower end opening of the outer tube 11 and a
bush 12 </ b> A fixed to the outer periphery of the upper end opening of the inner
tube 12. The inner tube 12 is slidably inserted into the outer tube 11. 11B is an oil
seal, and 11C is a dust seal. A cap 13 is screwed in a liquid-tight manner at the
upper end opening of the outer tube 11, and vehicle body side mounting members
14 </ b> A and 14 </ b> B are provided on the outer periphery of the outer tube 11.
A bottom bracket 15 is screwed in a liquid-tight manner at the lower end opening
of the inner tube 12, and a wheel side mounting portion 16 is provided on the
bottom bracket 15.
[0015]
The hydraulic shock absorber 10 defines an inner circumference of the outer tube
11, an outer circumference of the inner tube 12, and an annular oil chamber 17
surrounded by the two bushes 11A and 12A.
[0016]
The hydraulic shock absorber 10 is provided with a partition wall member 19 in a
liquid-tight manner via an O-ring 18 on the inner periphery of the upper end side of
the inner tube 12, and defines an oil chamber 21 below the rod guide portion 19A
of the partition member 19, An oil reservoir 22 is defined in the upper part. In the
oil reservoir chamber 22, the lower region is an oil chamber 22A, and the upper
region is an air chamber 22B.
[0017]
In the hydraulic shock absorber 10, the piston rod 23 attached to the outer tube 11
is slidably inserted into the rod guide portion 19 </ b> A of the partition wall
member 19. Specifically, a spring load adjusting sleeve 24 is screwed in a liquid-
tight manner at the center portion of the cap 13, and a hollow piston rod 23 is
screwed into a lower end portion of the sleeve 24 inserted into the oil reservoir
chamber 22 to lock it. Secure with nut 25.
[0018]
The hydraulic shock absorber 10 fixes a piston 26 slidably in contact with the inner
periphery of the inner tube 12 to a tip end of a piston rod 23 inserted into the inner
tube 12 from the rod guide portion 19A of the partition wall member 19, and the
oil chamber 21 is fixed to the piston. The piston rod side oil chamber 21A in which
the rod 23 is accommodated and the piston side oil chamber 21B in which the
piston rod 23 is not accommodated are partitioned. The piston 26 is fixed by a nut
27.
[0019]
The hydraulic shock absorber 10 communicates the annular oil chamber 17 with
the piston rod side oil chamber 21 </ b> A through an oil hole 28 provided in the
inner tube 12. The annular oil chamber 17 may be communicated with the piston-
side oil chamber 21 </ b> B through an oil hole 28 provided in the inner tube 12.
[0020]
In the hydraulic shock absorber 10, a spring collar 31 is abutted against the lower
end surface of the piston 26 facing the piston-side oil chamber 21 </ b> B, a spring
seat 32 is seated on the bottom of the inner tube 12, and the spring collar 31 is
interposed between the spring collar 31 and the spring seat 32. A suspension spring
33 is interposed. The hydraulic shock absorber 10 moves the piston rod 23 and the
piston 26 up and down by screwing the spring load adjusting sleeve 24 described
above, and adjusts the spring load of the suspension spring 33 by this up and down
movement. The hydraulic shock absorber 10 absorbs the impact force received
from the road surface during traveling of the vehicle by the expansion and
contraction vibration of the suspension spring 33.
[0021]
The hydraulic shock absorber 10 includes a damping force adjusting device 40 in
the piston 26.
The damping force adjusting device 40 includes a compression side channel 41 and
an extension side channel 42. The pressure side channel 41 is opened and closed by
a pressure side disk valve 41A backed up by a valve stopper 41B. The extension
side channel 42 is opened and closed by an extension side disk valve 42A backed
up by a valve stopper 42B.
[0022]
In the damping force adjusting device 40, an adjusting rod 43 is screwed in a fluid-
tight manner at the center of the spring load adjusting sleeve 24, and a needle valve
44 fixed to the adjusting rod 43 is inserted into the hollow portion of the piston rod
23. The degree of opening of the bypass passage 45 provided in is adjusted by the
vertical movement of the needle valve 44. The bypass passage 45 bypasses the
piston 26 and connects the piston rod side oil chamber 21A and the piston side oil
chamber 21B.
[0023]
In the compression side stroke, the damping force adjusting device 40 generates a
compression side damping force by the passage resistance of the bypass passage 45
whose opening degree is adjusted by the needle valve 44 in the low speed region,
and the bending deformation of the compression side disk valve 41A in the
medium to high speed region. Generates a compression damping force. Further, in
the extension side stroke, an extension side damping force is generated by the
passage resistance of the bypass passage 45 whose opening degree is adjusted by
the needle valve 44 in the low speed range, and in the middle and high speed
range, the extension side disc valve 42A is extended by bending deformation.
Generates side damping force. The above-described expansion and contraction
vibration of the suspension spring 33 is suppressed by the compression side
damping force and the extension side damping force.
[0024]
The hydraulic shock absorber 10 includes an oil lock piece 46 that sits on the lower
side of the spring seat 32 at the bottom of the inner tube 12 and rises in the piston-
side oil chamber 21 </ b> B. 47. When the hydraulic shock absorber 10 is
compressed most, the oil lock collar 47 is fitted to the outer periphery of the oil
lock piece 46 to confine the oil surrounded by the inner periphery of the inner tube
12 and the oil lock piece 46 and the oil lock collar 47. Regulates the maximum
compression stroke. A stopper rubber 13A is fixed to the lower end surface of the
cap 13 so that the upper end portion of the partition wall member 19 provided in
the inner tube 12 abuts at the maximum compression stroke. The stopper rubber
13A also regulates the maximum compression stroke. To do.
[0025]
The hydraulic shock absorber 10 includes a spring seat 48 that is caulked and fixed
to a lower end surface facing the piston rod side oil chamber 21 </ b> A of the
partition wall member 19 on the upper end side of the inner tube 12, and a spring
collar 49 provided on the upper end surface side of the piston 26. A rebound spring
50 is interposed therebetween. When the hydraulic shock absorber 10 is fully
extended, the partition member 19 pressurizes the rebound spring 50 to restrict the
maximum extension stroke.
[0026]
However, in the hydraulic shock absorber 10, as shown in FIG. 4, the sectional
area S 1 of the annular oil chamber 17 formed by the annular gap between the
outer tube 11 and the inner tube 12 is changed to the sectional area (outer diameter)
of the piston rod 23. It is formed larger than the enclosed area S2.
[0027]
Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the rod guide portion 19A of the partition wall
member 19 is allowed to flow oil from the oil reservoir chamber 22 to the piston
rod side oil chamber 21A in the compression side stroke, and in the piston side oil
chamber in the extension side stroke. A check valve 60 is provided to block the
flow of oil from 21 </ b> A to the oil reservoir 22. A valve chamber 61 is provided
on the inner periphery of the rod guide portion 19 </ b> A of the partition wall
member 19. Between the step portion 61 </ b> A on the upper end side of the valve
chamber 61 and the aforementioned spring seat 48 provided on the lower end side
of the valve chamber 61. The check valve 60 is accommodated in As shown in
FIG. 6, the check valve 60 is shorter than the gap between the stepped portion 61
</ b> A and the spring seat 48, a lateral groove 62 is formed at the lower end
surface, and the bush 64 is press-fitted into the inner periphery. The check valve 60
is slidably in contact with the inner periphery of the valve chamber 61 provided in
the rod guide portion 19A of the partition wall member 19 so as to be vertically
movable, and supports the piston rod 23 so as to be slidable. The outer periphery of
the check valve 60 is between the inner periphery of the valve chamber 61
provided in the rod guide portion 19A of the partition wall member 19 and allows a
flow of oil from the oil reservoir chamber 22 to the piston rod side oil chamber
21A. Form. In the pressure side stroke, the check valve 60 moves along with the
piston rod 23 entering the inner tube 12 and moves downward in FIG. 5, abuts
against the spring seat 48, and forms a gap with the step portion 61A. The oil in the
piston rod side oil chamber 21 </ b> A can be discharged from the lateral groove
62 to the oil reservoir chamber 22 through the outer periphery of the piston rod
side oil chamber 21 </ b> A through the gap with the stepped portion 61 </ b> A.
In the extension side stroke, the check valve 60 moves along with the piston rod 23
that retreats from the inner tube 12 and moves upward in FIG. 5 to collide with the
step portion 61A and close the gap between the step portion 61A. The oil in the
piston rod side oil chamber 21 </ b> A is prevented from being discharged to the
oil reservoir chamber 22.
[0028]
Further, as shown in FIG. 5, the rod guide portion 19 </ b> A of the partition wall
member 19 is provided with a minute flow path (orifice) 70 that communicates the
piston rod side oil chamber 21 </ b> A and the oil reservoir chamber 22.
[0029]
The operation of the hydraulic shock absorber 10 is as follows.
(Pressure side stroke)
The hydraulic oil corresponding to the volume of the piston rod 23 entering the
inner tube 12 in the compression side stroke is transferred from the inner oil
chamber 21 </ b> A of the inner tube 12 to the annular oil chamber 17 through the
oil hole 28 of the inner tube 12. At this time, since the volume increase ΔS1
(replenishment amount) of the annular oil chamber 17 is larger than the volume
increase ΔS2 of the piston rod 23, (ΔS1−ΔS2) is insufficient in the required oil
replenishment amount to the annular oil chamber 17. Minutes are replenished from
the oil reservoir 22 through the check valve 60.
[0030]
In the compression side stroke, as described above, a compression side damping
force is generated by the passage resistance of the bypass passage 45 whose
opening degree is adjusted by the needle valve 44 in the low speed region, and in
the middle and high speed region, the compression side is deformed by the
deformation of the compression side disk valve 41A. Generates a damping force.
[0031]
(Extension process)
The hydraulic oil corresponding to the accumulated volume of the piston rod 23
that retreats from the inner tube 12 in the extension stroke is transferred from the
annular oil chamber 17 to the oil chamber 21 </ b> A on the inner periphery of the
inner tube 12 through the oil hole 28 of the inner tube 12. . At this time, since the
volume decrease ΔS1 (discharge amount) of the annular oil chamber 17 is larger
than the volume decrease ΔS2 of the piston rod 23, the excess amount (ΔS1−ΔS2)
of the oil discharge amount from the annular oil chamber 17 Is discharged to the
oil reservoir 22 through the micro flow path 70.
[0032]
In the extension side stroke, as described above, the extension side damping force
is generated by the passage resistance of the bypass passage 45 whose opening
degree is adjusted by the needle valve 44 in the low speed region, and the
extension side disk valve 42A is bent in the middle and high speed region. The
expansion side damping force is generated by the deformation. Further, the
extension side damping force due to the passage resistance of the micro flow path
70 is also generated.
[0033]
The volume change due to the temperature change of the oil in the inner tube 12 is
discharged to the oil reservoir chamber 22 through the minute flow passage 70 or
supplied from the oil reservoir chamber 22 to be compensated.
[0034]
Therefore, according to this embodiment, there are the following operations.
(Operation corresponding to claim 1)
(1) The cross-sectional area S1 of the annular oil chamber 17 is made larger than
the cross-sectional area S2 of the piston rod 23, and the annular clearance between
the outer tube 11 and the inner tube 12 is larger than that in which S1 and S2 are
substantially equal. Does not require delicate settings. Therefore, the pressure
condition inside the inner tube 12 does not change due to the machining dimension
tolerance of the outer tube 11 and the inner tube 12.
[0035]
(2) According to the above (1), when the piston rod 23 having the same outer
diameter is used, even if the inner tube 12 has a large diameter, the annular gap
between the outer tube 11 and the inner tube 12 does not necessarily have to be
narrowed. Does not constrain the design.
[0036]
(3) When the annular gap between the outer tube 11 and the inner tube 12 is made
constant according to the above item (1), it is not necessary to increase the outer
diameter of the piston rod 23 even if the inner tube 12 becomes larger in diameter.
The parts of the rod 23 can be shared.
[0037]
(Operation corresponding to claim 2)
(4) A function of supporting the piston rod 23 on the check valve 60 by providing
the check valve 60 provided on the partition member 19 on the inner periphery of
the partition member 19 and enabling the piston rod 23 to be slidably supported.
Therefore, the configuration can be simplified.
[0038]
The embodiment of the present invention has been described in detail with
reference to the drawings. However, the specific configuration of the present
invention is not limited to this embodiment, and there are design changes and the
like without departing from the gist of the present invention. Is included in the
present invention.
[0039]
【The invention's effect】
As described above, according to the present invention, in the hydraulic shock
absorber in which the piston is slidably contacted with the inner periphery of the
inner tube, no delicate setting is required for setting the annular gap between the
outer tube and the inner tube.
[Brief description of the drawings]
FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an entire hydraulic shock absorber.
FIG. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part on the lower end
side of FIG.
FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view showing a main part on the upper end
side of FIG. 1;
4 is a cross-sectional view taken along the line IV-IV in FIG. 3;
FIG. 5 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of FIG. 3;
FIG. 6 is a perspective view showing a check valve.
[Explanation of symbols]
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 10 Hydraulic buffer 11 Outer tube 11A Bush 12
Inner tube 12A Bush 17 Annular oil chamber 19 Partition member 21 Oil chamber
21A Piston rod side oil chamber 21B Piston side oil chamber 22 Oil reservoir
chamber 23 Piston rod 26 Piston 28 Oil hole 60 Check valve 70 Microchannel

Claims (2)

Hide Dependent 

1. The inner tube is slidably inserted into the outer tube through bushes fixed
to the inner peripheral opening of the vehicle body side outer tube and the
outer peripheral tip of the wheel side inner tube,
An annular oil chamber surrounded by the inner periphery of the outer
tube, the outer periphery of the inner tube, and the two bushes;
A partition member is provided on the inner periphery of the inner tube,
and an oil chamber is defined in the lower part, and an oil reservoir
chamber including an air chamber is defined in the upper part,
A piston rod attached to the outer tube is slidably inserted into the
partition member,
A piston that slides on the inner periphery of the inner tube is fixed to the
tip of a piston rod inserted into the inner tube, and the oil chamber is a
piston rod side oil chamber in which the piston rod is accommodated, and a
piston in which the piston rod is not accommodated. Divide into side oil
chambers,
In the hydraulic shock absorber for a vehicle, wherein the annular oil
chamber communicates with the piston rod side oil chamber or the piston
side oil chamber through an oil hole provided in the inner tube.
A cross-sectional area of the annular oil chamber is formed larger than a
cross-sectional area of the piston rod, and a check valve is provided on the
partition member to prevent a flow from the oil chamber to the oil
reservoir chamber during an extension stroke. A hydraulic shock absorber
for a vehicle, wherein the partition member is provided with a micro flow
path that passes through the oil chamber and the oil reservoir chamber.
2.   The hydraulic shock absorber for a vehicle according to claim 1,
wherein a check valve provided in the partition member is provided on
an inner periphery of the partition member so that the piston rod can
be slidably supported.