Heat & Mass Transfer

UNIT-1
Question bank
1. Derive the general 3-dimensional heat conduction equation in Cartesian co-
ordinates
2. Derive the general 3-dimensional heat conduction equation cylindrical co-
ordinates. Assume the material as homogeneous
3. Derive the conduction of heat through a slab or plan wall equation
4. Derive the conduction of heat through a Hollow cylinder equation
5. Derive the conduction of heat through a hollow sphere equation
6. Derive the equation for heat transfer through a composite plane wall with
inside and outside convection
7. Derive the equation for heat transfer through a composite pipes or cylinders
with inside and outside convection
8. Explain in detail of plan wall with internal heat generation
9. A steel tube (k=43.26W/mK) of 5.08cm inner dia and 7.62cm outer dia is
covered with 2.5cm layer of insulation (K=0.208W/mK) the inside surface of
the tube receivers heat from hot gas at the temperature of 316 0C with heat
transfer co-efficient of 28W/m2K. While the outer surface exposed to ambient
air at 300C with heat transfer co-efficient of 17W/m2K.Calculate heat loss for
3m length of the tube
10. The furnace wall is made up of three layers of thickness 25cm, 10cm and
15cm with thermal conductivities of 1.65K and 9.22 W/m K respectively. The
inside is exposed to gases at 1250˚C with a convection coefficient of 25W/m2K
and the inside surface is at 1100˚C the outside surface is exposed to air at 25˚C
with convection coefficient of 12 W/m2K. Determine (i) the unknown thermal
conductivity (ii) the overall heat transfer coefficient (iii) All the surface
temperature.
11. The cold storage room has walls made up of 23cm of brick on the outside,
8cm of plastic foam and finally 1.5cm wood on the inside. The outside and
inside air temperature are 22°C and -2°C respectively. The inside and outside
heat transfer coefficients are respectively 29 and 12 W/m2K. The thermal
conductivities of brick, foam and wood are 0.98, 0.02 and 0.12 W/mK
respectively. If the total wall area is 90 m2, determine the rate of heat removal
by refrigeration and the temperature of the inside surface of brick.
12. A thin pipe of 55mm diameter is covered with a 7.8mm asbestos insulation
(k = 0.17 W/m-K) followed by a 28mm fibre-glass insulation (k = 0.05 W/m-K).
If the pipe surface and outermost insulation temperatures are maintained at
150°C and 30°C respectively, then determine the interface temperatures and
heat flow rate per unit length of the pipe for steady state conditions
13. A surface wall is made up of 3 layers one of fire brick, one of insulating
brick and one red brick. The inner and outer surface temperatures are 900 0C and
300C respectively. the respective co-efficient of thermal conductivity of the
layers are 1.2,0.14,and 0.9 W/mK and the thickness of 20cm,8cm and 11cm
Assuming close bonding of the layers at the interfaces. Find the heat loss per
square meter and interface temperatures.
14. A body of an electric motor is 360mm in diameter and 240mm long. It
dissipates 360W of heat and its surface temperature should not exceed 55°C.
Longitudinal fins of 15mm thickness and 40mm height are proposed. The heat
transfer coefficient is 40 W/m2K when ambient temperature is 30°C. Determine
the number of fins required if ‘k’ of the fin material is 40 W/m-K.
15. Ten thin brass fins (k=100W/mK), 0.75mm thick are placed axially on a
1m long and 60mm dia engine cylinder which is surrounded by 27 0C the fins are
extended 1.5cm from the cylinder surface and the heat transfer co-eeficient
between cylinder and atmospheric air is 15 W/m2K. Calculate the rate of heat
transfer and temperature at the end of fins when the cylinder surface is at 160 0C
16. Determine the minimum depth at which one must place a water below the
soil surface to avoid freezing. The soil is initially at an uniform temperature of
20˚C. In severe winter condition it is subjected to a temperature of -15˚C for a
period of 60days. Use the following properties of soil ρ=2050kg/m3 CP=1840
J/kgK and K=0.52 W/mK
17. A pure aluminium sphere is weighing 5.5kg and initially at a temperature
of 290°C is quenched in a fluid at 15°C where the heat transfer coefficient is 58
W/m2K. Estimate the time required to cool the material to 95°C.
 18. A Plane wall 10cm thick generates heat at the rate of 4x10 4W/m3 when an
electric current is passed through it the convective heat transfer co-efficient
between each face of the wall and the ambient air is 50W/m2K.Determine
i. the surface temperature
ii. the maximum air temperature on the wall. Assume the ambient
air temperature to be 200C and the thermal conductivity of the
wall material to be 15W/mK.
19. A cylinder 1m long and 5cm in diameter is placed in an atmosphere at
45˚C. It is provided with 10 longitudinal straight fins of materials having
k=120W/mK. The height of 0.76mm thick fins is 1.27cm from the cylinder
surface. The heat transfer coefficient between cylinder and atmospheric air is
17W/m2K. Calculate the rate of heat transfer and the temperature at the end of
fins it surface temperature of cylinder is 150˚ C.
20. On a hot summer’s day a concrete highway may reach a temperature of
55°C. Suppose that a stream of water is directed on the highway so that the
surface temperature is suddenly lowered at 35°C. How long will it take to cool
the concrete to 45°C at a depth of 5 cm from the surface? For concrete, kconcrete =
0.75 W/mK, α = 1.77 x 10 -3 m2/hr.
21. The rate of heat generation in a slab of thickness 160mm with thermal
conductivity of 180W/m˚C is 1.2x106 W/m3. If the temperature of each of the
surface of solid is 120˚C, Determine
(i) The temperature at the mid and quarter planes
(ii) The heat flow rate and temperature gradient at the mid plane
22. A large iron plane of 10cm thickness and originally at 800 0C is suddenly
exposed to an environment at 0 0C where the convection co-efficient is 50
W/m2K.Calculate the temperature at depth of 4cm from one of the faces 100sec
after the plate is exposed to the environments How much energy has been lost
per unit area of the plate during this time
23. An electrical wire of 10 m length and 1 mm diameter dissipates 200 W in
air at 25⁰C. The convection heat transfer coefficient between the wire surface
and air is 15 W/m2K. Calculate the critical radius of insulation and also
determine the temperature of the wire if it is insulated to the critical thickness of
insulation.
 24. A temperature rise of 50°C in a circular shaft of 50 mm diameter is caused
by the amount of heat generated due to friction in the bearing mounted on the
crankshaft. The thermal conductivity of the shaft material of heat transfer
coefficient is 7 W/m2K. Determine the amount of heat transferred through shaft
assume that the shaft is a rod of infinite length.
25. Aluminum fins, 1.5 cm long and 1 mm thick are placed on a 2.5 cm
diameter tube to dissipate heat. The tube surface temperature is 100°C and the
ambient temperature is 25°C. Find the heat loss per fins if the transfer
coefficient between the fin surface and the ambient is 65 W/m2K for aluminum.