Multiculturalism that focuses too much on rigid cultural boundaries can mask racism by attributing issues to "cultural difference" alone. Relationships between those born overseas (totoks) and locally born (peranakans) Chinese are divided by cultural differences, with totoks viewing peranakans as unpatriotic and non-Chinese in behavior, while mainland Chinese do not fully accept locally born Chinese as their own.
Multiculturalism that focuses too much on rigid cultural boundaries can mask racism by attributing issues to "cultural difference" alone. Relationships between those born overseas (totoks) and locally born (peranakans) Chinese are divided by cultural differences, with totoks viewing peranakans as unpatriotic and non-Chinese in behavior, while mainland Chinese do not fully accept locally born Chinese as their own.
Multiculturalism that focuses too much on rigid cultural boundaries can mask racism by attributing issues to "cultural difference" alone. Relationships between those born overseas (totoks) and locally born (peranakans) Chinese are divided by cultural differences, with totoks viewing peranakans as unpatriotic and non-Chinese in behavior, while mainland Chinese do not fully accept locally born Chinese as their own.
Multiculturalism that focuses too much on rigid cultural boundaries can mask racism by attributing issues to "cultural difference" alone. Relationships between those born overseas (totoks) and locally born (peranakans) Chinese are divided by cultural differences, with totoks viewing peranakans as unpatriotic and non-Chinese in behavior, while mainland Chinese do not fully accept locally born Chinese as their own.
Multiculturalism that over-emphasizes cultural boundedness has the drawback of
becoming a frame for hiding racism under the veil of ‘cultural difference’.
Relationship with homeland and its people
-Cultural differences divide totoks and peranakans
- totoks regards the peranakan chinese as ‘unpatriotic’ and their behavior as ‘non- chinese’ (Suryadinata, 1975) - The mainland Chinese do not see the writer’s grandfather as ‘one of them’.