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IS 1885-73-2 (1993): Electrotechnical Vocabulary, Part 73:

Physics and chemistry, Section 02: Electrotechnical
concepts [ETD 1: Basic Electrotechnical Standards]

“!ान $ एक न' भारत का +नम-ण”

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“Invent a New India Using Knowledge”

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है”
ह
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“Knowledge is such a treasure which cannot be stolen”
 IS 1885 ( Part 73/Set 2 ) : 1993
IEC Pub 50 (III-02 ) ( 1984 )
( Reaffirmed 2004 )
wm”fsw-s

Indian Standard
ELECTROTECHNTCALVOCABULARY
PART 73 PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY
Section 2 Electrochemical Concepts

UDC 54.13 : 621.35 : 001.4

CQBIS 1993

BURE AU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

MANAK BHAVAN, 9 BAHADUR SHAH ZAFAR MARG
NEW DELHI 110002

May 1993 Price Group 2

Basic Electrotechnical Standards Sectional Committee, ET 01

NATIONAL FOREWORD

This Indian Standard ( Part 73/Set 2 ) which is identical with IEC Pub 50 ( 11l-01 ) ( 1984 ) ‘Inter-
national electrotechnical vocabulary - Chapter 111 : Physics and chemistry, Se&ion 02 : Electro-
chemical concepts’, issued by the International Electrotechnical Commission ( IEC ), was adopted by
the Bureau of Indian Standards on the recommendation of the Basic Electrotechnical Standards
Sectional Committee and approval of the Electrotechnical Division Council.
Only the English text given in the IEC publication has been retained while adopting as Indian
Standard, and as such the page numbers given here are not same as in IEC publication.
 IS 1885 (Part 73/Set 2) : 1993
IEC Pub 50 (W-02) : 1984

Indian Standard
ELECTROTECHNICALVOCABULARY
PART 73 PHYSICS AND CHEMISTRY

Section 2 Electrochemical Concepts

EXPLANATORY NOTE
The purpose of IEV advance editions is to permit the issue without loss of time of terminology work whose publication
would otherwise be delayed and, in particular, work which does not exactly correspond to the general plan of the IEV;
for example, incomplete chapters, vocabularies extending beyond the framework of a normal chapter or work relating
to rapidly evolving fields. Advance editions may, in certain cases, be incomplete, particularly as regards the Russian
text and the terms in the additional languages, when the appropriate information is not available at the time of printing.

111-02-01 An electrode reaction at the interface of which

electrochemistry electrons from the external circuit are supplied to the
electrolyte.
That branch of science and technology which deals
with reciprocal transformation of chemical and electric 111-02-11
energy. ion
111~02-02 Any atom or bonded group of atoms that has a net
electrolyte electric charge.
A liquid or solid phase containing mobile ions which 111-02-12 [13]
rende,r the phase ionically conductive. anion [cation]
111-02-03 A negatively [positively] charged ion.
electrode 111-02-14
Aconducting part forming an interface with a medium (electrochemical) cell
of different conductivity.
A heterogeneous system in which electric energy
ill-02-04[05] produces chemical reaction or, conversely, in which
oxidation [reduction] chemical reactions produce electric energy.
A reaction removing [adding] electrons from [to] 111-02-15
atoms, molecules or ions. galvanic cell
111-02-06 voltaic cell (deprecated)
electrode reaction An elctrochemical cell capable of converting chemical
A reaction involving the transfer of charge between energy into electric energy.
electrolyte and electrode.
111-02-16
111-02-07
electrolysis cell
active surface of an electrode
An electrochelnical cell capable of producing a chemi-
The interface between the electrolyte and the electrode
cal reaction when electric energy is supplied.
where the electrode reaction takes place.
111-02-17
111-02-08
cell voltage
side reaction
The voltage measured at the terminals of a cell.
PUIelectrode reaction which occurs in addition to the
main process. 111-02-18
111-02-09 (cell) source voltage
anodic reaction cell e.m.f.
(elctrochemical) oxidation The cell voltage measured at zero current.
An electrode reaction at the interface of which
111-02-19
electrons are supplied to it by the elctrolyte and flow
into the external circuit. electrode potential
lli-02-10 The difference between the internal electric potentials
cathodic reaction of the electrode and of the electrolyte.
(elctrochemical) reduction Note. -This voltage cannot be measured directly.

1
IS 1885 (Part 73/Set 2) : 1993
IEC I'llll
50 (ill-02) (1984)
111-02-20 The ion concentration corrected for the deviation be-
tween the actual and the ideal solution.
equilibrium (electrode) potential
The electrode potential when the electrode reaction is 111-02-32
at equilibrium. activity factor

111-02-21 activity coefficient (deprecated)

standard (electrode) potential The ratio of tde ion activity to the ion concentration.
An equilibrium electrode potential under standardized 111-02-33
chemical and physical conditions. molality (of solute ;) (bi)
111-02-22 The amount of solute substance i per unit mass of the
(electrode) polarization solvent.
The difference between the potential of an electrode 111-02-34
and its equilibrium potential. ionic strength (of a solution) (I)
111-02-23 [24] The half-sum of the products of the molalities bi of all
anodic [cathodic] polarization ions by the squares of the numbers of their respective
elementary charges Zi :
An electrode polarization associated with an anodic [a
cathodic] reaction. I=;Xbizi 2
111-02-25
cell polarization 111-02-35
reference electrode
The sum of the absolute values of anodic and cathodic
polarization. Electrode with a well-defined and constant equilibrium
potential against which it is possible to measure or
M-02-26 calculate other electrode potentials by including them
active material in an appropriate cell.
Any material which undergoes electrode reaction in a 111-02-36
cell and enables chemical energy to be converted into
hydrogen electrode
electric energy when the cell discharges.
Note. - In a secondary cell the active materials are restored Platinized platinum electrode saturated by a stream of
to their original composition on recharge. pure gaseous hydrogen.

111-02-27 111-02-37
(apparent) internal resistance (of a cell) standard hydrogen electrode
For a cell, the quotient of the change of voltage to the A hydrogen electrode in contact with an electrolyte of
corresponding change of current, under specified con- hydrogen ion activity equal to one and with the
ditions. hydrogen gas at a pressure of 101325 kPa (1 atm).
Note. -By convention the potential of this electrode is zero
111-02-28 at any temperature.
end (point) voltage
111-02-38
cut-off voltage (USA)
double-layer
The conventional voltage, mckured at the terminals of
a cell, at which the discharge of the cell on a specified The model representing the structure of an electrolyte
load is considered finished. at the electrode interface comprising a rigid layer,
called Helmholtz layer, and a diffuse layer, called Gouy
111-02-29 layer.
capacity (of a galvanic cell)
111-02-39
The quantity of electricity which can be delivered by diffuse layer potential ; zeta potential
an electrochemical cell under specified conditions.
The potential difference across the face between the
Note. - The capacity is often expressed in ampere hours (Ah).
rigid layer and the diffuse layer of the electrolyte.
111-02-30
111-02-40
ion concentration
Gibbs free energy ; Gibbs function (G)
The amount of ionic substance of a specific type per
The function of state equal to the difference between
unit volume of a solution.
the enthalpy, of a body and the product of its entropy
111-02-31 by the temperature.
ion activity G=H-TS

2
 IS 1885 (Part 73/Set 2) : 1993
IEC Pub 50 (U-02) (1984)
111-02-41 111-02-47
electro-osmosis (electrochemical) migration
The movement of a fluid through a diaphragm The transport of charged particles due to the effect of
produced by application of an electric field. an electric field.
111-02-42 111-02-48
electrocapillarity (chemical or electrochemical) diffusion
The change of the mechanical stress at the surface The transport of particles due to the effect of a con-
between two bodies due to the presence of charges at centration gradient.
the interface.
111-02-49
111-02-43
adsorption
PH
An increased concentration of any component at the
Anumber quantifying the acid or the alkaline character
surface of a liquid or solid.
of a solution, conventionally expressed by the decimal
logarithm of the ratio of the ign activity of a hydrogen
111-02-50
cation under standardized conditions to the actual ion
activity of the same cation. dendrite t
Note. - Aqueous solutions with a pH : A needle or branching, tree-like formation of crys-
- less than 7 are acid, talline growth formed during electrochemical
- equal to 7 are neutral, deposifion.
- greater than 7 are alkaline.
111-02-51
111-02-44
separator
immunity
In an electrochemical cell, a device made of an insulat-
A thermodynamic state by which electrochemical cor- ing material permeable to the ions of the electrolyte and
rosion is made impossible. prohibiting totally or partially the mixing of the
U-02-45 materials.
passivity Note. - Membranes and diaphragms are special forms of
separators.
The state of a surface of a metal by which its
electrochemical corrosion becomes negligible. 111-02-52
U-02-46 spacer; separation
cathodic protection A device made of insulating material used to main-
An immunity produced by an appropriate cathodic tain the spacing between electrodes of opposite
polarization. polarity.
 IS 1885 (Part 73/&c 2) : 1993
IEC Pub 50 (111-02) (1984)

INDEX
A electro-osmosis 111-02-41
active material 111-02-26 end (point) voltage 111-02-28
active surface of an electrode 11l-02-87 equilibrium (electrode) potential 11 l-02-20
*a&&y coefficient (deprecated) 111-02-32 G
activity factor 111-02-32 galvanic cell 111-02-15
adsorption 111-02-49 Gibbs free energy 11 l-02-40
anion 111-02-12 Gibbs function (G) 111-02-4.0
anodic polarization 111-02-u
anodic reaction 111-02-09 H
(apparent) internal resistance (of a cell) 11l-02-27 hydrogen electrode 111-02-36
C I
capacity (of a galvanic cell) 111-02-29 immunity 111-02-44
cathodic polarization 11 l-02-24 ion 111-02-11
cathodic protection 111-02-46 ion activity 111-02-31
cathodic reaction 111-02-10 ion concentration 111-02-U)
cation 111-02-13 ionic strength (of a solution) (I) 111-02-34
cell e.m.f. (deprecated) 111-02-18 M
cell polarization 111-02-2s
membrane (see separator) ill-02-51
(cell) source voltage 111-02-18
molality (of solute I) 111-02-33
cell voltage 111-02-17
(chemical or electrochemical) diffusion 111-02-48 0
cut-off voltage (USA) 111-0228 oxidation 111-02-04
D P
dendrite 111-02-50 11 l-02-43
PH
diaphragm (see separator) 111-02-51 passivity 111-02-45
diffuse layer potential 111-02-39
R
double-layer 111-02-38
reduction 111-02-05
E
reference electrode 111-02-35
electrocapillarity 11 l-02-42
s
(electrochemical) cell 111-02-14
separation 111-02-52
(electrochemical) migration 11l-02-47
separator 111-02-51
(electrochemical) oxidation 11L-02-09
side reaction 111-02-08
(electrochemical) reduction 111-02-10 spacer 111-02-52
electrochemistry 111-02-01 standard (electrode) potential 11 l-02-21
electrode 11l-02-03 standard hydrogen electrode 11 l-02-37
(electrode) polarization 11 l-02-22 Y
electrode potential 111-02-19
voltaic cell (deprecated) 111-02-15
electrode reaction 11 l-02-06
electrolysis cell 111-02-16 Z

electrolyte 11l-02-02 zeta potential 11 l-02-39

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