LECTURE NO.

40
TRANSFORMATION OF PLANE-STRESS COMPONENTS
USING MOHR’S CIRCLE
Objectives:
• To explain the procedure for constructing the
Mohr's Circle to be used for transformation of the
plane stress components
• To explain, using constructed Mohr's circle, how
to determine the following:
– σx', σy', and τx'y'
– σ1, σ2, θp1, and θp2
– τmax, in-plane, σavg, θs1, and θs2

1
 GENERAL EQUATIONS OF PLANE-STRESS TRANSFORMATION

+90o = y' (+)

Recall…… y
y’
+ y y’ (+) x’
x’y‘ (+)
+xy
x
+ x x

(+ve Sign Convention of , , and )

The following general equations may be used for transforming

x, y, xy into x' , y' , x'y':

 x  y  x  y
 x'   Cos 2 x '   xy Sin 2 x ' Eq 1
2 2
 x  y  x  y
 y'   Cos 2 y '   xy Sin 2 y '
2 2
 x  y  Eq 2
 x ' y '    Sin 2 x '   xyCos 2 x '
 2  2
Strictly follow the above sign convention for ,  and  for using these equations.
 THE MOHR'S CIRCLE

Re-arrange Eq 1 ⇒

Eq 2

3
 y
+ y
THE MOHR'S CIRCLE +xy

+ x x

A(σx , τxy)

4
 G(σy, -τxy) THE MOHR'S CIRCLE
y
+ y
+xy
G B(σ1,0)
+ x x

D(σ2,0) Reference state of

stress,  = 0º

P(σx’, τx’y’)

A(σx, τxy)

E(σavg,τmax in-plane)

5
 CONSTRUCTION AND USE OF MOHR'S CIRCLE
y
y
• Data given:
xy
x =0
x

avg (avg, , max)

F at 2s2=180+2s1
1. Establish σ-τ axes (y’, x’y’)
at 180-2

2. Locate the centre C of the circle

(1,0)
at (σavg, 0); σavg = (σx + σy)/2
Center
Origin Q (avg,0) at 2p1
(0, 0)
B
3. Locate the reference point A at D 
O C x’y’
(σx, τxy) 2
(2, 0) 2pI P( xy
at 2p2 2s1 x’,x’y’)
4. Taking radius as CA and center at = 180-2p1
sI
R at 2

C plot the Mohr’ Circle A

5. All angles are measured with E =0o

x
reference to CA (i.e., at CA, θ =0) (x,xy)
at =0
x’
 (avg,max)

at 2sI
6
Mohr’s Circle
 PROBLEM # 1
2 ksi
600psi

20 MPa

800psi

(a) (b) (c)

Draw Mohr’s circle in each of the cases.

7
 600psi
PROBLEM # 1
x = 800 psi,
y = –600 psi,
avg = 800  600
800psi
= 100 psi,
2
xy = 0

(a)

avg R A (reference point, =0)

CA is reference line
 (+) R =CA = 700 psi
O(0, 0) C (100, 0) A (800, 0)

 (+) 8
2 ksi
PROBLEM # 1----contd.
x = 0,
y = -2 ksi, , 02
 avg   1 ksi
xy = 0 2

(b)

avg = –1ksi

C (–1, 0)
O (0, 0) (+)
A (0, 0)

A (reference point, =0)

CA is reference line
R =CA = -1 ksi

(+) 9
 PROBLEM # 1----contd.
20 MPa
x = 0, y = 0, avg = 0, xy = +20 MPa

(c)

C (0,0)
(+ve)
O
(0,0) R

A (reference point, =0)

A (0, 20) CA is reference line
(+ve) R =CA = 20 MPa

10
 PROBLEM # 2

30ksi 30ksi

30ksi

30ksi
30o

(a) (b)

Draw Mohr’s circle in each of the cases.

11
 PROBLEM # 4
30ksi
 x  30 ksi,  y  30 ksi
30ksi (a)
30  30
 avg  0
2
 xy  0
30o

(a) C (0, 0)
A R
(Reference point, O (+ve)
 = 30 )
R =30 ksi

(+ve)

(b) Same as (a)

but  = 0 at the reference line CA 12
 PROBLEM # 5

2 ksi

3 ksi

4 ksi

Determine the equivalent state of stress at

θ = 20° clockwise.
13
 y PROBLEM # 5
2ksi x y 32
x = +3 ksi   avg    0.5ksi; 2  40
y = –2 ksi 2 2
x
3ksi xy = –4 ksi Geometry calculations:
4ksi  = –20o we have;
A (+3, – 4) |𝑪𝑨’| = 𝟑 – 𝟎. 𝟓 = 𝟐. 𝟓 𝒌𝒔𝒊
(–ve) |𝑨𝑨’| = 𝟒 𝒌𝒔𝒊
A (+3, – 4): ( = 0) 𝑹 = 𝑪𝑨 = 𝟐. 𝟓𝟐 + 𝟒𝟐
= 𝟒. 𝟕𝟏𝟕 𝒌𝒔𝒊
P(x’ x’y’) φ 𝟒
𝝋 = 𝒕𝒂𝒏−𝟏 = 𝟓𝟕. 𝟗𝟗°
C 𝟐. 𝟓
y’ 2 = 40o
x’y’
α
(–ve) O C A’
(+ve) 𝜶 = 𝟓𝟕. 𝟗𝟗° − 𝟒𝟎° = 𝟏𝟕. 𝟗𝟗°
𝝈𝒙′ = 𝑶𝑪 + 𝑹 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶
x'
Q 𝝈𝒙′ = 𝟎. 𝟓 + 𝟒. 𝟕𝟏𝟕 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝟏𝟕. 𝟗𝟗°
(y’, x’y’) ⇒ 𝝈𝒙′ = 𝟒. 𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝒔𝒊 ≈ 𝟓 𝒌𝒔𝒊

𝝉𝒙′ 𝒚′ = −𝑹 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝜶 = −𝟒. 𝟕𝟏𝟕 𝒔𝒊𝒏𝟏𝟕. 𝟗𝟗° = −𝟏. 𝟒𝟔 𝒌𝒔𝒊

(+ve) 𝝈𝒚′ = 𝑶𝑪 − 𝑹 𝒄𝒐𝒔𝜶 = −𝟑. 𝟗𝟗 𝒌𝒔𝒊
Ans…. 14
 PROBLEM # 6

80 MPa

10 MPa

60 MPa

Determine (a) principal stresses and (b) maximum

in-plane shear stress and average normal stress.
Specify the orientation of the element in each case.
15
 y PROBLEM # 6
80 MPa

x = + 10 MPa
x   y 10  80
10 MPa y = + 80 MPa   avg    45 MPa
x
xy = –60 MPa 2 2
60 MPa

From geometry calculations:

A Reference
E
(–ve) point (= 0)  1  114MPa

   2  25MPa
a
max 
Reference
line
2s1 In-plane
2 p1  120   p1  60  
2p1

(–ve)
O (0,0) (+ve)
D C (45, 0) B
2
1  max  70MPa
 in  plane

   avg  45MPa
b

2 s1  30   s1  15 
Ans.......
(+ve)
16
 PROBLEM # 7

Determine the principal stresses at point A and B.

17
 PROBLEM # 7
Section at A and B

P
4
5  5  4 kip

M 15 in

V 3
5  5  3kip
Fx = 0  –P + 4 = 0  P = 4 kip = 4000 lb
Fy = 0  V – 3 = 0  V = 3 kip = 3000 lb

M about = 0  – 3  15 – M = 0  M = – 45 kip-in = – 45000 lb-in

P 4000
P  4000lb T    avg    222.22 psi
sec tion at A & B
A 18
  A   B  222.22 psi
M  45000 lb-in (will induce +ve  above NA and  ve  below NA)
A
M 1.5 45000 1.5
A    1250 psi
1.5in

N A I NA 54
6in
1in

 M  I 45000 1
B
B    833.33 psi
I NA 54
V  3000 lb (will induce  ve  in the section)
6V  h 2 2 6  3000  62 2
3in  A  3   1.5     1.5   187.5 psi
3 6  4
3
bh  4  
A = 3  6 = 18 in2
363 6  3000  62 2 
INA = = 54 in2 B    1   222.22 psi 18
3 6  4
3
12 
 PROBLEM # 7 ……Contd.

The final state of stress at point A and B are as follows:

A B
x = + 222.22 + 1250 = 1472.22 psi x = + 222.22 – 833.33 = - 611.11 psi
xy = –187.5 psi xy = –222.22 psi
y = 0 y = 0

The state of stress at A & B may be shown on the elements at A & B, as follows;

y=0 y=0
y y
xy xy= –187.5 psi xy xy= –222.22 psi

x A x=1472.72 psi x B x= – 611.11 psi

x x
xy xy
xy
xy

19
 PROBLEM # 7 ……Contd.

1 & 2 at point A
y=0
y 1472.22  0
xy xy= –187.5 psi  avg   736.11 psi
2
x A x=1472.72 psi
 xy  187.5 psi
x
xy
xy

From geometry:
1 = + 1490 psi = + 1.49 ksi
A (1472.7, –187.5) Ans…
2 = –60 psi = –0.06 ksi
O(0,0) (+ve)

2
1

(+ve)
20
 PROBLEM # 7 ……Contd.
1 & 2 at point B
y=0
y  x  611.11 psi
xy xy= –222.22 psi
y  0
x B x= – 611.11 psi  xy  222.22 psi
x
611.11  0
xy  avg   305.55 psi
2
xy

 (–ve)

A (-611.1, -222.2)

C (-305.5, 0)
 (–ve)  (+ve)
O(0,0)
From geometry:
1
1 = + 60 psi = + 0.06 ksi
2 Ans…
2 = –670 psi = –0.67 ksi
 (+ve) 21