Download as pdf or txt
Download as pdf or txt
You are on page 1of 5

,QWUXVLRQ'HWHFWLRQ6\VWHPVLQ0$1(7V

XVLQJ+\EULG7HFKQLTXHV
9DLVKQDYL%KHHPDUDR-RVKL 5+*RXGDU
'HSDUWPHQWRI&RPSXWHU1HWZRUNV(QJLQHHULQJ 'HSDUWPHQWRI&RPSXWHU1HWZRUNV(QJLQHHULQJ
&HQWUHIRU3*6WXGLHV978 &HQWUHIRU3*6WXGLHV978
%HODJDYL.DUQDWDND,QGLD %HODJDYL.DUQDWDND,QGLD
YDLVKLMRVKL#JPDLOFRP UKJRXGDU#JPDLOFRP

$EVWUDFW7KHXVHRIVHOIRUJDQL]HGZLUHOHVVWHFKQRORJLHVFDOOHGDV
$ &U\SWRJUDSKLF7HFKQLTXHV
0RELOH $G +RF 1HWZRUNV 0$1(7V  KDV LQFUHDVHG DQG WKHVH
ZLUHOHVV GHYLFHV FDQ EH GHSOR\HG DQ\ZKHUH ZLWKRXW DQ\ &U\SWRJUDSK\ LV WKH VWXG\ RI WHFKQLTXHV WR VHFXUH WKH
LQIUDVWUXFWXUDO VXSSRUW RU ZLWKRXW DQ\ EDVH VWDWLRQ KHQFH FRPPXQLFDWLRQ DPRQJ WZR SDUWLHV 7KH YDULRXV DVSHFWV RI
VHFXULQJ WKHVH QHWZRUNV DQG SUHYHQWLQJ IURP ,QWUXVLRQV LV FU\SWRJUDSK\ LQYROYH FRQILGHQWLDOLW\ $XWKHQWLFLW\ ,QWHJULW\
QHFHVVDU\ 7KLV SDSHU GHVFULEHV D PHWKRG IRU VHFXULQJ WKH DQG QRQUHSXGLDWLRQ &U\SWRJUDSKLF DOJRULWKPV DUH RI WZR
0$1(7VXVLQJ+\EULGFU\SWRJUDSKLFWHFKQLTXHZKLFKXVHV56$ W\SHV V\PPHWULF DQG DV\PPHWULF 2QH RI WKH EHVW NQRZQ
DQG$(6DOJRULWKPDORQJZLWK6+$+DVKLQJWHFKQLTXH7KLV
WHFKQLTXHV LV WKH V\PPHWULF HQFU\SWLRQ ZKLFK XVHV RQO\ RQH
NH\ DPRQJ WKH VHQGHU DQG WKH UHFHLYHU 7KLV LV FDOOHG WKH
K\EULG FU\SWRJUDSKLF WHFKQLTXH SURYLGHV DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ WR WKH
VHFUHWNH\ZKHUHLQWKLVNH\ZLOOEHVKDUHGE\ERWKVHQGHUDQG
GDWD 7R FKHFN ZKHWKHU WKHUH LV DQ\ PDOLFLRXV QRGH SUHVHQW DQ
WKHUHFHLYHU,QLWLDOO\WKHVHQGHUZLOOHQFU\SWKLVPHVVDJHZLWK
,QWUXVLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ V\VWHP ,'6  WHFKQLTXH FDOOHG (QKDQFHG
WKH VHFUHW NH\ DQG VHQG LW WR WKH GHVWLQDWLRQ $W WKH UHFHLYHU
$GDSWLYH$FNQRZOHGJHPHQW ($$&. LVXVHGZKLFKFKHFNVIRU
HQGXVLQJWKHVDPHNH\WKHPHVVDJHZLOOEHGHFU\SWHGEDFNWR
WKH DFNQRZOHGJHPHQW SDFNHWV WR GHWHFW DQ\ PDOLFLRXV QRGH
LWVRULJLQDOWH[W,IWKLVVHFUHWNH\LVNQRZQE\DQ\WKLUGSDUW\
SUHVHQWLQWKHV\VWHP7KHURXWLQJRISDFNHWVLVGRQHWKURXJKWZR WKHQ WKH PHVVDJH FDQ EH HDVLO\ GHFU\SWHG +HQFH GLVWULEXWLQJ
SURWRFROV $2'9 DQG =53 DQG ERWK WKH UHVXOWV DUH FRPSDUHG WKHNH\RYHUDVHFXUHFKDQQHOLVYHU\LPSRUWDQW7RGHDOZLWK
7KH =53 SURWRFRO ZKHQ XVHG IRU URXWLQJ SURYLGHV EHWWHU WKLVLVVXH DV\PPHWULFHQFU\SWLRQLV XVHG7KHUH DUH WZR NH\V
SHUIRUPDQFHDVFRPSDUHGWR$2'9 SXEOLF NH\ DQG SULYDWH NH\ ZKLFK DUH UHODWHG WR HDFK RWKHU
 7KH SXEOLF NH\ ZLOO EH PDGH DYDLODEOH WR DOO WKH XVHUV ZKR
.H\ZRUGV ,QWUXVLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ &U\SWRJUDSK\ 5RXWLQJ 56$ ZDQW WR VHQG WKH GDWD ZKHUHDV WKH SULYDWH NH\ ZLOO RQO\ EH
$(6($$&.=53$2'9 DYDLODEOHZLWKWKHUHFHLYHUZKLFKLVNHSWVHFUHW$Q\PHVVDJH
HQFU\SWHG ZLWK SXEOLF NH\ FDQ EH GHFU\SWHG EDFN E\ WKH
, ,1752'8&7,21 SULYDWH NH\ RQO\ +HQFH WKHUH LV D QHHG WR GLVFRYHU WKHVH
$ZLUHOHVVQHWZRUNLVRQHZKLFKXVHVZLUHOHVVFRPPXQLFDWLRQ SXEOLF NH\V ZKLFK LV GRQH XVLQJ 'LJLWDO &HUWLILFDWHV 7KLV
DPRQJ WKH QRGHV SUHVHQW 7KLV W\SH RI QHWZRUNV XVHV UDGLR GLJLWDO FHUWLILFDWH FRQWDLQV WKH XVHU¶V LGHQWLW\ QDPH HPDLO
FRPPXQLFDWLRQDQGGRQRWKDYHDZHOOGHILQHGLQIUDVWUXFWXUDO DGGUHVV FRXQWU\ DQG WKH RUJDQL]DWLRQ¶V QDPH WKDW LVVXHG WKLV
VXSSRUW WR FRPPXQLFDWH DPRQJ WKH ZLUHOHVV QRGHV 7KH FHUWLILFDWH
SRSXODULW\ RI VHOI RUJDQL]HG ZLUHOHVV QHWZRUNV KDV LQFUHDVHG
GXH WR WKHLU FKDUDFWHULVWLFV :LUHOHVV PHVK QHWZRUNV 0RELOH % 5RXWLQJ7HFKQLTXHV
DG KRF QHWZRUNV ZLUHOHVV VHQVRU QHWZRUNV YHKLFXODU DG KRF 
QHWZRUNVDUHDIHZH[DPSOHVRIZLUHOHVVQHWZRUNV6LQFHWKHVH 5RXWLQJLVWKHGHFLVLRQPDNLQJWRGLUHFWQHWZRUNSDFNHWVIURP
W\SHV RI QHWZRUNV DUH DOZD\V LQ DFWLRQ LQ XQDWWHQGHG DUHDV WKH VRXUFH WR GHVWLQDWLRQ 5RXWLQJ FDQ EH HLWKHU VWDWLF RU
VHFXULW\EHFRPHVDPDMRUFRQFHUQ3URYLGLQJVHFXULW\WRWKHVH G\QDPLF URXWLQJ>@ ,Q VWDWLF URXWLQJ URXWLQJ WDEOHV DUH
QHWZRUNV EHFRPHV D WHGLRXV WDVN EHFDXVH WKH\ EHFRPH FRQILJXUHG PDQXDOO\ DQG URXWLQJ RI SDFNHWV LV GRQH XVLQJ
YXOQHUDEOHWRDWWDFNVGXHWRHDYHVGURSSLQJRUSDFNHWGURSSLQJ WKHVHWDEOHVXVXDOO\VPDOOHUQHWZRUNVXVVWDWLFURXWLQJ3XEOLF
LPSHUVRQDWLRQ ZKLFK GHJUDGHV WKH SHUIRUPDQFH RI QHWZRUN VZLWFKWHOHSKRQHQHWZRUNLVRQHH[DPSOHWKDWXVHVWKLVNLQGRI
7KH PDLQ IRFXV RI WKLV SDSHU LV RQ FU\SWRJUDSKLF WHFKQLTXHV URXWLQJ'\QDPLF5RXWLQJPDNHVXVHRIURXWLQJWDEOHVWKDWDUH
IRU QHWZRUNV WKDW FDQ KDYH LQWUXVLRQ GHWHFWLRQ V\VWHPV >@ FRQVWUXFWHG DXWRPDWLFDOO\ XVLQJ URXWLQJ SURWRFROV 6RPH
7KLV SDSHU PDNHV XVH RI K\EULG FU\SWRJUDSKLF WHFKQLTXHV SURWRFROV DUH RSHQ 6KRUWHVW 3DWK )LUVW 263)  5RXWLQJ
DORQJZLWKURXWLQJSURWRFROVDQG,QWUXVLRQ'HWHFWLRQV\VWHPV ,QIRUPDWLRQ3URWRFRO 5,3 HWF
WKXVSURYLGLQJVHFXULW\WRWKHQHWZRUN>@ 

978-1-5386-0569-1$31.00 2017
c IEEE 534
& 'HOLYHU\6FKHPHV 0$1(76DUHD QH[W JHQHUDWLRQ ZLUHOHVVWHFKQRORJLHV ZKLFK
'HOLYHU\ RI PHVVDJH LV GLIIHUHQW IRU GLIIHUHQW GHOLYHU\ DUHSURQHWRDWWDFNVDWDOOWKHOD\HUVEHFDXVHWKH\DVVXPHWKDW
VFKHPHV>@6RPHRIWKHPDUH WKHUHZLOOEHQRPDOLFLRXVQRGHVSUHVHQW7KHVHWHFKQLTXHVDUH
 FODVVLILHGDVSRLQWGHWHFWLRQDOJRULWKPVRU,QWUXVLRQ'HWHFWLRQ
x 8QLFDVW 7KHUH ZLOO EH D RQH WR RQH WUDQVPLVVLRQ $OJRULWKPV
EHWZHHQWKHQRGHV (OKDGL 0 6KDNVKXNL HW DO >@ GHVFULEHG DQG LPSOHPHQWHG D
x %URDGFDVW7KHUH ZLOO EH D RQH WR PDQ\ DVVRFLDWLRQV QHZ ,QWUXVLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ 6\VWHP QDPHG (QKDQFHG $GDSWLYH
$VLQJOHSDFNHWZLOOEHURXWHGIURPDVHQGHUWRPDQ\ $FNQRZOHGJHPHQW ($$&.  ZKLFK LV VSHFLDOO\ GHVLJQHG IRU
UHFHLYHUV 0$1(7V 7KLV ($$&. SURYLGHV KLJKHU PDOLFLRXV QRGHV
GHWHFWLRQ UDWHV ZLWKRXW DIIHFWLQJ WKH QHWZRUN SHUIRUPDQFH DV
x 0XOWLFDVW 7KHUH ZLOO EH PDQ\ WR PDQ\ DVVRFLDWLRQV
FRPSDUHGWRFRQWHPSRUDU\DSSURDFKHV
3DFNHWVDUHURXWHGVLPXOWDQHRXVO\WRPDQ\UHFHLYHUV
+LGHKLVD 1DND\DPD HW DO >@ SURSRVHG D G\QDPLF OHDUQLQJ
x $Q\FDVW$Q\FDVWGHOLYHU\VFKHPHZLOOKDYHDRQHWR
SURFHVV IRU D QHZ DQRPDO\ GHWHFWLRQ VFKHPH WKDW DOORZV
RQHRIPDQ\DVVRFLDWLRQ $OO UHFHLYHUV ZLOO KDYH D
WUDLQLQJGDWDWREHXSGDWHGDWVSHFLILFWLPHLQWHUYDOV7KLVXVHV
VDPH GHVWLQDWLRQ DGGUHVV :KHQ SDFNHWV DUH WR EH
PXOWLGLPHQVLRQDO VWDWLVWLFV ZKLFK LQYROYHV SURMHFWLRQ
URXWHG WKH\ DUH URXWHG WR RQO\ D VLQJOH PHPEHU 7KH
GLVWDQFHV XVLQJ ZHLJKWHG FRHIILFLHQWV DQG D IRUJHWWLQJ FXUYH
UHFHLYHULVVHOHFWHGE\WKHDOJRULWKPGHSHQGLQJRQLWV
0$1(7VLPXODWLRQVDUHFRQGXFWHGXVLQJ1HWZRUN6LPXODWRU
GLVWDQFHZKLFKZLOOEHVKRUWHVWGLVWDQFH
DQG VFHQDULRV DUH FRQVLGHUHG IRU GHWHFWLQJ ILYH W\SHV RI
' 5RXWLQJ3URWRFROV DWWDFNV7KHUHVXOWVVKRZWKHHIIHFWLYHQHVVRIWKHV\VWHP
$G+RF 2Q 'HPDQG 'LVWDQFH 9HFWRU 5RXWLQJ $2'9  $VKLVK6KDUPD HW DO>@SURSRVHGDVHFXUHGDWD WUDQVPLVVLRQ
0$1(76PDLQO\PDNHXVHRIWKH$2'9>@ZKLFKVXSSRUWV XVLQJ K\EULG FU\SWRJUDSKLF WHFKQLTXH $2'9 DQG 6$2'9
ERWKXQLFDVWDQGPXOWLFDVWURXWLQJ7KHURXWHHVWDEOLVKPHQWLV SURWRFROLVXVHGWRPDLQWDLQWKHURXWHVLQWKHQRGHV7KH'(6
GRQH2QGHPDQGWKDWLVRQO\ZKHQVRXUFHQRGHUHTXHVWVIRULW DQG 56$ DOJRULWKPV DUH XVHG IRU HQFU\SWLQJ WKH GDWD WR EH
5RXWHV DUH PDLQWDLQHG XQWLO WKH VRXUFH QRGH UHTXLUHV WKHP WUDQVPLWWHG7KHSDUDPHWHUVIRUERWKWKH$2'9DQG6$2'9
+HQFHWKH\GRQRWFUHDWHPXFKWUDIILF$OOWKHQRGHVDUHVLOHQW DUHFRPSDUHGWRJLYHEHWWHUSHUIRUPDQFHIRU6$2'9
XQWLO DQ\ FRQQHFWLRQ JHWV HVWDEOLVKHG 1RGH WKDW ZDQWV WR 3UDFKL ' *DZDQGH HW DO>@ SURSRVHG D FU\SWRJUDSKLF V\VWHP
FRPPXQLFDWH ZLOO UHTXHVW IRU FRQQHFWLRQ 5HPDLQLQJ QRGH IRU0$1(7VXVLQJ2QGHPDQG5RXWLQJ3URWRFRO$2'9KDV
ZLOOUHFRUGWKHPHVVDJHDQGIRUZDUGVLWWRRWKHUQRGHVWKXVD FHUWDLQ FKDUDFWHULVWLFV ZKLFK RYHUFRPH WKH GLVDGYDQWDJHV RI
WHPSRUDU\ URXWH JHWV FUHDWHG $ QRGH WKDW NHHSV WUDFN RI WKH '6'95&WHFKQLTXHLVXVHGWRVHFXUHWKHQHWZRUN
UHTXHVW ZLOO VHQGDEDFNZDUG PHVVDJHWRWKHUHTXHVWHGQRGH 7KH DERYH ZRUNV GHVFULEH GLIIHUHQW WHFKQLTXHV WR
7KH UHTXHVWHG QRGH ZLOO XVH WKH URXWH WKDW KDV PLQLPXP SURYLGH VHFXULW\ WR ZLUHOHVV QHWZRUNV 6LQFH DOO WKH DERYH
QXPEHURIKRSVWRWKHGHVWLQDWLRQQRGH ZRUNV PDNH XVH RI $2'9 URXWLQJ SURWRFRO WHFKQLTXH WKLV
=RQH 5RXWLQJ 3URWRFRO =53  =53 LV D K\EULG SURWRFRO SDSHU PDNHV XVH RI =53 DQG FRPSDUHV WKH UHVXOWV ZLWK WKH
WKDWXVHVERWKSURDFWLYHDQGUHDFWLYHSURWRFRO+HUHWKHQRGHV $2'9 URXWLQJ SURWRFRO WHFKQLTXH WKXV PDNLQJ LW PRUH
DUH GLYLGHG LQWR ]RQHV ,I ERWK WKH VHQGHU DQG UHFHLYHU DUH LQ HIILFLHQWWKDQWKH$2'9URXWLQJSURWRFRO
WKHVDPH]RQHDSURDFWLYHSURWRFROLVXVHGWRURXWHWKHSDFNHWV 
WR WKH GHVWLQDWLRQ $ UHDFWLYH SURWRFRO LV XVHG ZKHQ ERWK ,,, 352326('6<67(0
VHQGHU DQG UHFHLYHU DUH LQ GLIIHUHQW ]RQHV 7KLV SURWRFRO
FKHFNVIRUHDFKVXFFHVVLYH]RQHZKHWKHUWKHQRGHLVSUHVHQWRU $K\EULGFU\SWRJUDSKLFPHWKRGLVSURSRVHGZKLFKLVVKRZQLQ
QR2QFHWKH]RQH LVFRQILUPHGWKDWWKH QRGH LVSUHVHQWLQLW )LJXUH 7KLV FU\SWRJUDSKLF PHWKRG LV D IXVLRQ RI ERWK
WKH SURDFWLYH SURWRFRO LV XVHG WR URXWH WKH SDFNHWV +HQFH LW V\PPHWULF DQG DV\PPHWULF FU\SWRJUDSK\ ,W FRQVLVWV RI ERWK
UHGXFHVWKHFRQWURORYHUKHDGIRUORQJHUURXWHV FU\SWRJUDSKLF WHFKQLTXHV OLNH V\PPHWULF DQG DV\PPHWULF
ZKLFK SURYLGHV KLJKHU VHFXULW\ PHFKDQLVPV 5RXWLQJ
,, 5(/$7(':25. SURWRFROV OLNH $G+RF 2Q GHPDQG GLVWDQFH YHFWRU $2'9 
$QXS $VKRN 3DWLO HW DO >@ GHVFULEHG D PHWKRG WR GHWHFW URXWLQJ SURWRFRO DQG =RQH 5RXWLQJ 3URWRFRO =53  ZKLFK
PDOLFLRXV QRGHV LQ PRELOH DGKRF QHWZRUNV 0$1(76  GLVFRYHUVWKHURXWHWRWKHGHVWLQDWLRQDUHXVHGDVWZRGLIIHUHQW
0$1(76 DUH D JURXS RI QRGHV WKDW FRPPXQLFDWH ZLWK HDFK FDVHV DQG FRPSDULVRQ RQ FHUWDLQ SDUDPHWHUV DUH GRQH $IWHU
RWKHUZLWKRXWDQ\LQIUDVWUXFWXUDOVXSSRUW+HQFHWKHVHW\SHVRI WKH URXWH UHTXHVW LV EURDGFDVWHG DQG DFNQRZOHGJHPHQW LV
QHWZRUNVEHFRPHPRUHSURQHWRDWWDFNVWKDQWUDGLWLRQDOZLUHG UHFHLYHGEDFNIURPWKHGHVWLQDWLRQGDWD ZLOOEHVHFXUHO\VHQW
QHWZRUNV+HQFHDQLQWUXVLRQGHWHFWLRQV\VWHP ZDVGHVFULEHG WR WKH GHVWLQDWLRQ XVLQJ WKH K\EULG WHFKQLTXH 7R FKHFN
WRGHWHFWDQ\PDOLFLRXVQRGHVSUHVHQWLQWKHQHWZRUNZKLFKLV ZKHWKHU WKHUH LV DQ\ SUHVHQFH RI ,QWUXVLRQ LQ WKH V\VWHP D
FDOOHG VHFXUH HQKDQFHG DGDSWLYH DFNQRZOHGJHPHQW PHWKRG FDOOHG (QKDQFHG $GDSWLYH $FNQRZOHGJPHQW
6(($&. 7KLV6(($&.V\VWHPZLOOGHWHFWPDOLFLRXVQRGHV ($$&.  LV XVHG ZKLFK LV DQ ,QWUXVLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ 6\VWHP
HIIHFWLYHO\ DV FRPSDUHG WR WUDGLWLRQDO LQWUXVLRQ GHWHFWLRQ 7KLV($$&.LVDQDFNQRZOHGJHPHQWEDVHG,'6ZKLFKUHOLHV
V\VWHPVZLWKRXWDIIHFWLQJWKHQHWZRUNSHUIRUPDQFH IXOO\ RQ DFNQRZOHGJHPHQW SDFNHWV WR GHWHFW DQ\
$GQDQ 1DGHHP HW DO >@ GHVFULEHG D VXUYH\ RI DOO WKH PLVEHKDYLRULQJ QRGH SUHVHQW LQ WKH QHWZRUN V\VWHP 7KH
DSSURDFKHVWRZDUGV,QWUXVLRQ'HWHFWLRQ6\VWHPVLQ0$1(76 GLIIHUHQWSKDVHVLQYROYHGDUHVKRZQLQ)LJXUH

2017 International Conference On Smart Technology for Smart Nation 535


)LJXUH+\EULG(QFU\SWLRQ7HFKQLTXH)ORZFKDUW


)LJXUH%ORFN'LDJUDPRIWKHV\VWHP

x 1HWZRUN,QLWLDOL]DWLRQ1HWZRUNLQLWLDOL]DWLRQFRQVLVWV
RI GHSOR\LQJ QRGHV LQ WKH QHWZRUN )RU WKH
FRPSDULVRQSXUSRVHLQLWLDOO\QRGHVDUHWDNHQ
x 5RXWLQJ 5RXWLQJ LV ILQGLQJ DQG HVWDEOLVKLQJ WKH SDWK
IURPWKH VRXUFHWRWKHGHVWLQDWLRQ)RUFDVH5RXWLQJ
LV GRQH XVLQJ $G+RF 2Q 'HPDQG 'LVWDQFH 9HFWRU
5RXWLQJ 3URWRFRO DQG IRU FDVH  =RQH 5RXWLQJ
3URWRFRO =53 LVXVHG
x 'DWD (QFRGLQJ $OVR NQRZQ DV GDWD (QFU\SWLRQ $
K\EULG PHWKRG LV XVHG ZKLFK FRQVLVWV RI ERWK
V\PPHWULFDQGDV\PPHWULFHQFU\SWLRQWHFKQLTXHV7KH
SODLQWH[W LV LQLWLDOO\ HQFU\SWHG XVLQJ V\PPHWULF
DOJRULWKP DQG IRU WKLV HQFU\SWHG WH[W D KDVK LV
JHQHUDWHG XVLQJ 6+$  $JDLQ WKH SODLQWH[W LV
(QFU\SWHG XVLQJ $V\PPHWULF DOJRULWKP DQG WKH
KDVKHG WH[W DQG WKH $V\PPHWULF HQFU\SWHG WH[W DUH
FRQFDWHQDWHG)LJXUHUHSUHVHQWVWKHIORZGLDJUDPRI
GDWDHQFRGLQJWHFKQLTXH
x 'DWD 7UDQVPLVVLRQ 7KH FRQFDWHQDWHG HQFU\SWHG GDWD )LJXUH+\EULG'HFU\SWLRQ7HFKQLTXH)ORZFKDUW
LV VHFXUHO\ WUDQVPLWWHG WR WKH GHVWLQDWLRQ QRGH HLWKHU 
E\DQ\RIWKHWZRSURWRFROV x 'LVSOD\ 'DWD VHFXULW\ 'DWD VHFXULW\ PHDQV WR FKHFN
x 'DWD 'HFRGLQJ 7KH UHYHUVH VWHS RI GDWD HQFRGLQJ LV ZKHWKHUDQ\PDOLFLRXVQRGHLVSUHVHQWRUQRWWKDWLVWR
VKRZQLQ)LJXUHZKHUHLQWKHFRQFDWHQDWHGKDVKDQG FKHFN ZKHWKHU WKHUH LV DQ\ LQWUXVLRQ GHWHFWLRQ RU QR
V\PPHWULF WH[W LV UHPRYHG DQG GHFU\SWLRQ LV DSSOLHG 7KLV LV GRQH XVLQJ (QKDQFHG DGDSWLYH
IRUERWKWKHWHFKQLTXHV2QFHWKHSODLQWH[WLVREWDLQHG DFNQRZOHGJHPHQW ($$&.  7KLV PHWKRG PDLQO\
DKDVKLQJLVGRQHDQGERWKWKHKDVKHVDUHFRPSDUHGWR UHOLHVRQWKHDFNQRZOHGJHPHQWSDFNHWV
FRQFOXGH ZKHWKHUWKHWUDQVPLVVLRQ ZDVGRQH VHFXUHO\
RUQRW ,9 3(5)250$1&((9$/8$7,21
7KLV K\EULG FU\SWRJUDSKLF WHFKQLTXH LV LPSOHPHQWHG XVLQJ
0$7/$%UXQQLQJRQZLQGRZV2SHUDWLQJ6\VWHP

536 2017 International Conference On Smart Technology for Smart Nation


x &DVH$G+RF2Q'HPDQG'LVWDQFH9HFWRU5RXWLQJ
3HUIRUPDQFH$QDO\VLVRI2YHUKHDG
3URWRFRO $2'9 LVXVHGIRU5RXWLQJIURPWKHVRXUFH  
WRGHVWLQDWLRQ7KH$(6DQGWKH56$$OJRULWKPVDUH :LWKKRSFRXQW
XVHG ZLWK ($$&. ZKLFK SURYLGHV D JUHDWHU URXWLQJ :LWKKRSFRXQW

RYHUKHDG :LWKKRSFRXQW
x &DVH  =RQH 5RXWLQJ 3URWRFRO =53  LV XVHG IRU :LWKKRSFRXQW
URXWLQJEHWZHHQWKH VRXUFHDQGGHVWLQDWLRQ7KH$(6 

&RPPXQLFDWLRQ2YHUKHDG
DQGWKH56$$OJRULWKPVDUHXVHGZLWK($$&.ZKLFK
SURYLGHV D VPDOOHU URXWLQJ RYHUKHDG DV FRPSDUHG WR 
$2'9

$ 7LPHWDNHQIRUDWWDFNGHWHFWLRQ 

7KLVSHUIRUPDQFHPHWULFLVWKHWLPHWDNHQIRUDWWDFNGHWHFWLRQ
,IDQ\PDOLFLRXVQRGHSUHVHQWLQWKHV\VWHPWKHWLPHWDNHQWR 
GHWHFW WKH PDOLFLRXV QRGH ZLOO EH HYDOXDWHG )LJXUH  VKRZV
WKH FRPSDULVRQRI7LPH WDNHQWR GLVFRYHUWKH DWWDFN IRUERWK 
$2'9 DQG =53 ZKLFK LV PHDVXUHG LQ VHFRQGV 7KH WLPH
WDNHQ WR QRWLFH DQ\ DWWDFN LQ WKH V\VWHP IRU $2'9 LV PXFK

KLJKHU DV FRPSDUHG WR =53 +HQFH =53 EHFRPHV PRUH WLPH
HIILFLHQWWKDQ$2'9LQFDVHRIGHWHFWLQJDQ\DWWDFN

$2'9 =53
% &RPPXQLFDWLRQ2YHUKHDG
&RPPXQLFDWLRQ RYHUKHDG DOVR FDOOHG URXWLQJ RYHUKHDG LV WKH
WLPH WDNHQ WR FRPPXQLFDWH EHWZHHQ WKH QRGHV ,Q )LJXUH  3HUIRUPDQFH $QDO\VLV RI &RPPXQLFDWLRQ 2YHUKHDG RI $2'9 9V
FRPPXQLFDWLRQRYHUKHDGLVFDOFXODWHGIRUGLIIHUHQWKRSFRXQWV =53
OLNH     IRU ERWK WKH SURWRFROV $2'9 DQG =53 )RU
$2'9WKLVURXWLQJRYHUKHDGLVJUHDWHUIRUDOOWKHKRSFRXQWV
3HUIRUPDQFH$QDO\VLVRI7KURXJKSXW
DVFRPSDUHGWR=53ZKLFKLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH
 
& 7KURXJKSXW :LWKRXW$WWDFN
7KURXJKSXW KHUH UHIHUV WR WKH QXPEHU RI VXFFHVVIXO :LWK$WWDFN
FRPPXQLFDWLRQV ZLWK UHVSHFW WR WLPH 2YHUDOO WKURXJKSXW LV 
PHDVXUHG IRU ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW DWWDFNV IRU ERWK $2'9 DQG
=53 )RU ZLWKRXW DQ\ DWWDFN WKH WKURXJKSXW LV VDPH IRU ERWK
$2'9 DQG =53 %XW WKURXJKSXW ZKHQ WKHUH LV DQ DWWDFN LV 
7KURXJKSXW 

KLJKHUIRU=53WKDQ$2'9ZKLFKLVVKRZQLQ)LJXUH

3HUIRUPDQFH$QDO\VLVRI$WWDFN'HWHFWLRQ 


 
7LPHWDNHQIRU$WWDFN'HWHFWLRQ VHF







 $2'9 =53

 )LJXUH  2YHUDOO 7KURXJKSXW RI $2'9 DQG =53 ZLWK DQG ZLWKRXW DWWDFN
FRQGLWLRQ

7KH WZR SURWRFROV XVHG $2'9 DQG =53 DUH FRPSDUHG RQ
YDULRXVSDUDPHWHUV7DEOH,VKRZVFRPSDULVRQRIERWK$2'9
 DQG =53 7KH SURWRFRO W\SH XVHG IRU $2'9 LV 2Q'HPDQG
$2'9 =53
ZKHUHDV IRU =53 LV D FRPELQDWLRQ RI 2Q'HPDQG DQG 7DEOH
 'ULYHQ $ =RQH EDVHG QHWZRUN W\SH LV XVHG IRU =53 'DWD
)LJXUH3HUIRUPDQFH$QDO\VLVRI$WWDFN'HWHFWLRQ9V7LPH&RQVXPHG
HQFRGLQJ WHFKQLTXH 'HFRGLQJ DQG +DVKLQJ DUH VLPLODU IRU

2017 International Conference On Smart Technology for Smart Nation 537


ERWK =53 SURYLGHV OHVVHU RYHUKHDG WLPH WDNHQ DQG >@ .&KLQWKDQDL FKHOYDQ 76DQJHHWKD 93UDEDNDUDQ
%DQGZLGWKFRQVXPSWLRQDVFRPSDUHGWR$2'97KHUHZLOOEH '6DUDYDQDQ ʊ ($$&.$ 6HFXUH ,QWUXVLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ 6\VWHP
HDUO\ 'HWHFWLRQ RI ,QWUXVLRQV E\ XVLQJ =53 LI SUHVHQW LQ WKH IRU 0$1(7”, ,QWHUQDWLRQDO -RXUQDO RI ,QQRYDWLYH 5HVHDUFK LQ
V\VWHPDVFRPSDUHGWR$2'9 &RPSXWHUDQG&RPPXQLFDWLRQ(QJLQHHULQJ9RO,VVXH$SULO

7$%/(, 3DUDPHWHUFRPSDULVRQVRI$2'9DQG=533URWRFROV >@ $VKLVK 6KDUPD 'LQHVK %KXUL\D 8SHQGUD 6LQJK ʊ 6HFXUH 'DWD
3DUDPHWHUV $2'9 =533URWRFRO 7UDQVPLVVLRQRQ0$1(7E\+\EULG&U\SWRJUDSK\7HFKQLTXH”
3URWRFRO ,((( ,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ &RPSXWHU &RPPXQLFDWLRQ
DQG&RQWURO ,& 
3URWRFRO7\SH 2Q'HPDQG +\EULG 2Q GHPDQG
>@ 3UDFKL'*DZDQGH<RJHVK6XU\DYDQVKLʊ &U\SWRJUDSK\%DVHG
DQG7DEOHGULYHQ  6HFXUHG$GYDQFHGRQ'HPDQG5RXWLQJ3URWRFROLQ0$1(7
V”
1HWZRUN7\SH 1RQH =RQHEDVHG ,(((,&&63SS
>@ +DR<DQJ+DL\XQ/XR)DQ<H6RQJZX/X$QG/L[LD=KDQJ
'DWD(QFRGLQJ <HV>$(656$@ <HV>$(656$@ 8FOD &RPSXWHU 6FLHQFH 'HSDUWPHQW ʊ 6HFXULW\ ,Q 0RELOH $G
+RF 1HWZRUNV &KDOOHQJHV $QG6ROXWLRQs” ,((( :LUHOHVV
&RPPXQLFDWLRQVSS)HEUXDU\
+DVKLQJ <HV>6+$@ <HV>6+$@ >@ %6KDQWKLQL66ZDP\QDWKDQʊ $6HFXUH$XWKHQWLFDWLRQ6\VWHP
8VLQJ 0XOWLPRGDO %LRPHWULFV IRU +LJK 6HFXULW\ 0$1(7s”
'DWD'HFRGLQJ <HV >$(6 <HV>$(656$@ 6SULQJHU9HUODJ%HUOLQ+HLGHOEHUJSS
56$@ >@9DNXO 0RKDQW\ 'KDYDO 0ROL\D &KLWWDUDQMDQ +RWD DQG
&RQWURO 0RUH /HVV 0XWWXNULVKQDQ 5DMDUDMDQ ʊ 6HFXUH $QRQ\PRXV 5RXWLQJ IRU
0$1(7V8VLQJ'LVWULEXWHG'\QDPLF5DQGRP3DWK6HOHFWLRQ”
2YHUKHDG
6SULQJHU9HUODJ%HUOLQ+HLGHOEHUJSS±
7LPH'HOD\ 0RUH /HVV FRPSDUHG WR >@+LGHKLVD 1DND\DPD ʊ $ '\QDPLF $QRPDO\ 'HWHFWLRQ 6FKHPH
$2'9 IRU$2'9%DVHG0RELOH$G+RF1HWZRUNV”,(((7UDQVDFWLRQV
%:&RQVXPSWLRQ 0RUH /HVV 2Q 9HKLFXODU 7HFKQRORJ\ 9RO  QR  SS  -XQH

$WWDFN'HWHFWLRQ 7DNHV PRUH (DUO\GHWHFWLRQ 
WLPH

9 &21&/86,21
$K\EULGFU\SWRJUDSKLFWHFKQLTXHSURSRVHGPDNHVXVHRI$(6
DQG 56$ DORQJ ZLWK 6+$  SURYLGHV JUHDWHU VHFXULW\ DQG
DXWKHQWLFDWLRQ WR WKH V\VWHP UDWKHU WKDQ DQ\ WUDGLWLRQDO
WHFKQLTXHV5HVXOWVVKRZWKDW WKHGHJUHHWRZKLFKWKHV\VWHP
LVZRUNLQJVXFFHVVIXOO\LQFUHDVHVZKHQ=RQHURXWLQJ3URWRFRO
LVXVHGZKHQFRPSDUHGWR$2'9SURWRFRO7KHUHLVDJUHDWHU
UHGXFWLRQLQWKHQHWZRUNRYHUKHDGGXHWRXVHRI=RQHURXWLQJ
3URWRFRO DORQJ ZLWK WKH +\EULG FU\SWRJUDSKLF WHFKQLTXHV
6LQFH ($$&. LV XVHG DORQJ ZLWK =53 WKHUH LV JUHDWHU
SHUFHQWDJHDQGOHVVHUWLPHWDNHQIRUWKHGHWHFWLRQRIPDOLFLRXV
QRGHVLISUHVHQWLQWKHV\VWHP

5()(5(1&(6
>@ $QXS $VKRN 3DWLO 6KLWDO 0DOL ʊ +\EULG &U\SWRJUDSK\
PHFKDQLVPV IRU VHFXULQJ VHOI RUJDQLHG ZLUHOHVV QHWZRUNs” UG
,QWHUQDWLRQDO &RQIHUHQFH RQ $GYDQFHG &RPSXWLQJ DQG
&RPPXQLFDWLRQ6\VWHPV ,&$&&6 -DQXDU\±
>@ (OKDGL 0 6KDNVKXNL 1DQ.DQJDQG 7DUHN 5 6KHOWDPL
ʊ($$&.² $ 6HFXUH ,QWUXVLRQ'HWHFWLRQ 6\VWHP IRU
0$1(7s”,(((7UDQVDFWLRQVRQLQGXVWULDOHOHFWURQLFVYRO
QRSS0DUFK
>@ $QXS$VKRN3DWLOVKLWDO0DOLʊ $1RYHO$SSURDFKWRZDUGVWKH
'HWHFWLRQ RI 0DOLFLRXV 1RGHV LQ 0RELOH $G +RF 1HWZRUNs”
,QWHUQDWLRQDO&RQIHUHQFHRQ&RPPXQLFDWLRQ ,&&7 SS
6HSWHPEHU
>@ $GQDQ1DGHHPDQG0LFKDHO3+RZDUWKʊ $6XUYH\RI0$1(7
,QWUXVLRQ 'HWHFWLRQ DQG 3UHYHQWLRQ $SSURDFKHV IRU 1HWZRUN
/D\HU $WWDFNV”,(((&RPPXQLFDWLRQV6XUYH\VDQG7XWRULDOV
YROQRSS

538 2017 International Conference On Smart Technology for Smart Nation

You might also like