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Semana 11 PDF
Semana 11 PDF
Semana 11 PDF
Industrial
How are they grouped?
AS-Interface
AS-Interface
• Milestones
AS-International Association 4
AS-Interface
• AS-Interface worldwide
AS-Interface AS-Interface
Belgium Japan
China Netherlands
France 2003
Worldwide
Sweden
1991 more than
Germany 11 members founding
270 members Switzerland
Great Britain USA
Italy
AS-International Association
AS-Interface
• Performance characteristics
• Response time
• Message length
• Message live
time
• Message rate
• Device diversity
AS-International Association
AS-Interface
• Performance characteristics
Control level
Actuator-/Sensor level
ms 100/s Bit >100 ms
AS-International Association
AS-Interface
• Data and energy on one 2-wire cable
• Supply up to 8A
• Inductive Sensors
• Optical Sensors
• Capacitive Sensors
• Magnetic valves
• .....
• Connection technology
• Penetration technology
• High protection class
available (IP 67, IP 68,
IP 69K)
Electro mechanic
Penetration connectors
Reverse polarity protection
AS-International Association
AS-Interface
• Decentralized Elements
• Modular mounting
• Master Slave system
AS-International Association
AS-Interface
• Network topology
Line Star Tree
Control unit Control unit Control unit
Master Master Master
Slave
Slave Slave
Slave
Slave
Slave Slave Slave
Slave
Slave
Slave
Slave
Slave Slave
Slave
Slave
Slave
Slave
Slave Slave Slave Slave
Slave
AS-International Association
AS-Interface
AS-International Association
AS-Interface
• AS-Interface communication
• Cyclical polling
• Profiles
• Manufacturer independent exchangeability
• Simple access to the control unit
AS-International Association
AS-Interface
AS-International Association
AS-Interface
AS-Interface communication
Master call Slave response
- Start bit, control bit, - Start bit,
address 5 bit, Information 4 bit,
Information 5 bit, Parity bit, End bit
Parity Bit, End bit
AS-International Association
AS-Interface: Protocol Version History
As-I has continued to improve over the years and has resulted in
several versions of the communication protocol. AS-Interface has
been careful to revise the standards to allow for improvements
without adversely affecting current users or products/systems that
are of older versions. They have made these versions both forward
and backward compatible. Here are some of the key differences:
• 2.0-This is the first version of AS-i that had significant usage in the
process industries. It featured 31 device and only discrete device
profiles were possible (4 bits per device)
• 2.1-This version added the capability for up to 8bits of discrete I/O
and also analog I/O profiles. This version also allowed for optional
extended addressing feature (A/B slaves) so that up to 62 devices
could be on a single AS-interface network
• 3.0-This version allows for many new device profiles for greater
flexibility
AS-International Association
AS-Interface: Protocol Version History
The new ASi-5 standard links the commonly available actuators and
sensors of the lower fieldbus level to the upper Ethernet based level
even more efficiently, flexibly, and reliably. The facts prove this:
• Cycle times are four times shorter with 1.2 ms for 24 connected
devices
• Data width of 16 bit to 32 byte per device
• Twice the network length with 200 m per segment
• Up to 96 connected devices
• Additional diagnostics channel concurrent to the process data
Furthermore, ASi-5 is a strictly deterministic system: Inputs and
outputs can be prioritized up to 1.2 ms.
https://www.as-interface.net
Source:
Modbus Organization
Modbus
Modbus is an industrial protocol standard that was created by
Modicon, now Schneider Electric, in the late 1970’s for
communication among programmable logic controllers (PLCs).
Modbus protocol is defined as a master/slave protocol, meaning a
device operating as a master will poll one or more devices operating
as a slave. This means a slave device cannot volunteer information;
it must wait to be asked for it. The master will write data to a slave
device’s registers, and read data from a slave device’s registers. A
register address or register reference is always in the context of the
slave’s registers.
Source:
Modbus Organization
Modbus OSI Model
Modbus Topology
Bus Topology is the most used in Modbus RTU, Modbus TCP can
implement all topologies as Ethernet networks.
Modbus Features
Data is transmitted in 8-bit bytes, one bit at a time, at baud rates
ranging from 1200 bits per second (baud) to 115200 bits per second.
The majority of Modbus RTU devices only support speeds up to
38400 bits per second
Drives Controllers
AC Drives PLC/NC/RC Software Drivers
DC Drives DOS/Windows/NT/95
VME, PC Tools
RT-OS/OS9/VRTX
Workstation Configuration
VxWorks/PSOS+
Bus Monitor
OS2, QNX
Decentralized I/O Engineering
UNIX/VMS
Binary I/O Network components
Analog I/O Repeaters
Services
Fiber optics
Host Interfaces
Regulators Development Support
VAX computers
Timer Cables Implementation Support
VME computers
Counter Training
MMI
Ident-Systems
Operator Panels Instruments
Level Gateways
Text Displays
Valves
Flow AS-Interface
Pneumatic Valves
Pressure Proprietary networks
Magnetic Valves
Temperature
Profibus Versions
EN 50170 - 2
The PROFIBUS Protocol is in Accordance with the ISO/OSI
Reference Model for Open Systems
• The PROFIBUS Bus Access Method combines
Multi-Master and Master-Slave communications
Bus Access
Master
✓ active stations with the right to control the bus for a
limited amount of time (Token - Hold - Time)
Slave
✓ Slaves only respond on request of a Master - they
have no rights to control the bus
FMS, DP, PA
• Hamming Distance HD = 4
• HD 4 means, that up to 3 transmission failures at a
time can be detected (done by the ASICs)
✓ By detecting a faulty telegram, it will be resent
automatically without affecting other existing stations
• HD 4 is a term used to describe the reliability of the
data transmission on the Profibus network.
✓ Special Start and End Sentinels
✓ Parity Bit for Each Byte
✓ Slip Free
✓ According to IEC 870-5-1
✓ Delimiter Synchronization
PROFIBUS Wiring
• Class 1 master -
✓ central controller which exchanges data with the
connected I/O devices (slaves)
✓ determines the baudrate
✓ handles the Token
✓ several class1 masters are permitted, typical devices are
PLC, PC
• Class 2 master -
✓ diagnostic and startup tool, typically a configuration tool
✓ can control one slave at a time
• Slave station -
✓ passive station which acknowledges messages or answers
per request
DP Details
a device can consist of multiple functions, e.g.... class1 and class2, class1 and slave
Interoperability
Source:
https://realpars.com/devicenet/
DeviceNet and OSI Model
DeviceNet is based on the Common Industrial Protocol (CIP) and
uses the three upper layers of CIP starting at Session, while the
bottom 4 layers have been adapted to the DeviceNet application.
Source:
https://realpars.com/devicenet/
ODVA
DeviceNet Cables
The genius behind DeviceNet is that it joined the power and the
signal into one cable, saving money and reducing the need for
multiple cables which utilize more space.
Source:
https://realpars.com/devicenet/
DeviceNet Data Rates
DeviceNet data rates are 125, 250, or 500 Kilobits per second. The
longer the length needed will result in a slower data rate and vice
versa.
Source:
https://realpars.com/devicenet/
DeviceNet Topology and Terminating resistors
The topology in Devicenet is Bus (Trunkline with droplines)
The DeviceNet trunkline requires a 121 Ohms, 1 percent, 0.25 Watts
or larger terminating resistor at each end of the trunk and directly
connected across the signal wires (blue and white).
The terminating resistors reduce electrical noise and without them,
in their correct place, the DeviceNet will not work properly.
Source:
https://realpars.com/devicenet/
RSNetWorx for DeviceNet
Allen Bradley developed “RSNetWorx” for DeviceNet to be able to
“map” and “assign addresses” to all the devices in the network.
DeviceNet uses Electronic Data Sheets (EDS) that are simple text
files that contain all the information to identify a device and assist in
commissioning them onto the network.
Source:
https://realpars.com/devicenet/
Source:
www.fieldbus.org
What is Fieldbus?
A fieldbus is an all-digital, serial two-way, multi-drop
communication System.
H1 (31.25kbps) interconnects field equipment (Sensors,
Actuators & I/O).
HSE (High Speed Ethernet, 100mbps) provides
integration of high speed controllers, subsystems (via
Linking Device) and data servers and workstation.
Integrated Architecture
HSE Network
H1 and HSE
Factory/Plant
Instrumentation and
H1-Fieldbus Control devices
H1 Overview
Multiple Variables
Fieldbus allows “multiple variables” from each device to be brought
into the control system for archiving, trend analysis, process
optimization, reporting, predictive maintenance and for asset
management.
Fieldbus distortion-free characteristics digital communication enables
improved control capability which can improve product yields.
Diagnostics
PV
PV , Mode , Variables , Alarm
Diagnostics , Etc
4-20mA I/O Subsystem
H1
Traditional 4-20mA View stops at I/O Subsystem Fieldbus Extends View to Field Instrument
Control Strategy
Standard Function Blocks is used to implement the Control Strategy.
Many control system functions such as AI, PID and AO can be
performed by the field device through the use of these Standard
Function Blocks.
Distribution of control into field devices can reduced the amount of
hardware and cabinet footprint needed.
PID
PV
PV , Mode , Variables , Alarm
I/O Subsystem
Diagnostics , Etc
4-20mA AI AO H1
AI AO PID
Traditional Control and I/O requires extra hardware Fieldbus Extends Control and I/O to Field Instrument
H1 Technology
H1 Physics
Multi-Drop wire pair with Power and Signal on same cable.
Support Intrinsic Safety.
Function Blocks built into Field Devices.
Control on the Wire – single loop integrity
Distance up to 1900 meters
Add Repeaters to extend > 1900 meters
Max. of 4 repeaters can be used to a maximum distance of 9500
meters
Fieldbus Signal
HSE
Trunk
Power
supply
Conditioner T T
Wiring block
I.S Interface
Host
Control
System
Instruments
described with
Device Description
Language
DD and CFF Files
Terminator
Terminator
Junction Box
Device
Transducer block
Resource block
Device
Device
Transducer block
Resource block
Device
AO Block
FreedomFreedom tooChoose.Choose.
PowerPowertoto Integrate.Integrate.
Standard Function Blocks