Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Onuorah, P. C., Lawson, O. T., Ujile, A. A. (PH.D.)
Onuorah, P. C., Lawson, O. T., Ujile, A. A. (PH.D.)
Onuorah, P. C., Lawson, O. T., Ujile, A. A. (PH.D.)
For energy balance we have that: capacities of the various components in the
system were calculated using the
𝐶 = 𝐶𝐶∆𝐶 = expression: 𝐶𝐶(𝐶) = 𝐶 + 𝐶𝐶 + 𝐶𝐶2 +
𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶𝐶 1.3 The heat
𝐶𝐶3 1.4
The constants used in equation 4.4 were obtained from Sanhoob et al, (2012).
Heat flow in – Heat flow out = (5296185.755 – 5295785.742) KJ/hr = 400.013 KJ/hr
Vertical Packing)
Orientation
absorbent. (mm)
0 8 21
9 3 2.1 0.05065
(kg/yr)
Deionized Water to 5.7936x10-4
labour
General Manufacturing Expenses
LFTZDC, (2014), Lekki Free Trade Zone. TLV Company, LTD. (2015), Saturated
Retrieved from http://www.lftzdc.org/. Steam Tables by Pressure. Retrieved
from
Merchant Research and Consulting Ltd., http://www.tlv.com/global/TI/calculato
(2014), “World Formaldehyde r/steam-table-pressure.html.
Production to exceed 52 Mln Tonnes in
2017”. Retrieved from VLE-Calc, (2015), Vapour-liquid
http://mcgroup.co.uk/news/20140627/f Equilibrium Database, Calculations
ormaldehyde-production-exceed-52- and Phase Diagram Drawing.
mln-tonnes.html. Retrieved from http://vle-
calc.com/phase_diagram.html.
R.F.C.S. Project, (2006), Design Manual
for Structural Stainless Steel. (3rd ed.).
West Berkshire, United Kingdom: The
Steel Construction Institute.
APPENDIX
filter
o remove particles that could foul the Reactor (R-101) catalyst.
Deviation Cause Consequences Action Item Owner of Action
Transfers clear Air at atmospheric pressure and ambient temperature to Compressor (C-101).
Flow Partially blocked Possible dangerous Measure and log Operator
filter increase in Pressure differential
Methanol
concentration
S Composition Filter damaged; Impurities; possible Proper maintenance Technicians
incorrectly installed Catalyst poisoning
mpressor (C-101)
o supply Air at 3bar, 2337kg/hr, and 37 oC, to the Heat Exchanger
ransfers fresh Methanol mixed with the recycle stream to Pump (P-101)
Flow Check valve stuck As LESS OF in
in the closed Line 3
position
Flow Check valve As NO
partially closed
ransfers mixed Methanol stream to Heat Exchanger
Flow Pump failure Pressure build-up Fit Pressure safety Instrument Enginee
on Line 3; Pump devices on Pump Technicians
damage due to dry discharge line and
run Shutdown Valve
upstream of Pump to
shut-off inflow
Flow Failure of Pump Danger of high Fit analysers (duplicate) Instrument Enginee
controls Methanol with high alarm on Line Technicians
Concentration; 8
flooding of Catalyst
bed
hanol Vaporizer (E-101)
vaporates liquid Methanol at 3 bar and 3384 kg/hr to 150 oC
Methanol Recycl
REACTOR
Conversion
87.4%
Air
Mixed
Liquids
DI Water
30oC
1.3 atm
3 atm 150oC
25oC 87.4%
1 atm Conversion
99%
25oC
1 atm
343oC
102oC
30oC
Figure A-6: Piping and Instrumentation Figure A-8: Graph of Conversion against
Diagram 3 Catalyst Weight.
Figure A-11: Reactor Volume against
Figure A-9: Graph of Flowrates against Catalyst Weight.
Catalyst Weight.