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Fullpaper Sawit 2019.id - en
Fullpaper Sawit 2019.id - en
a
mfarid@unib.ac.id
finafisika@gmail.com
Abstract.Palm trees including trees very much use of water for survival. If grown in
plantations level it is very likely it will suck the water around the estate that became public
consumption. As a result of continuous water extraction around the estate, is expected to
decline in water quality that had been consumed by the public. Water quality deterioration
will damage the health and intelligence. This study aimed to: (1) the position of groundwater
level in the communities around oil palm plantations; (2) determine the quality of the ground
water. Geoelectric method used to determine the position of the groundwater, while to know
the water quality of the analytical method used. Geolistrik tool used is a type MAE X612-
EM. The results showed the position of the ground water level between 2-3 meters from
surface, while water quality is very poor based on the test pH, turbidity and iron content.
Water pH ranging from 5.7 to 6, turbidity between 19 to 54 NTU, while the iron content Anra
0.0012 to 0.0022 mg / liter.
The results of the study concludes that the position of the groundwater around oil palm
estates are still relatively shallow, but the water quality is already above the threshold in the
size of health standards.
PRELIMINARY
1
Water is a natural substance that plays an important role for the life of human beings,
animals and plants (Agustiningsih, et al, 2012). Purnama (2007) states, in terms of quantity of
groundwater will decrease the ability of the provision if the amount used exceeds availability.
In terms of quality, the water has a requirement is not felt, odorless and total dissolved solids,
color, turbidity, and temperature does not exceed the threshold. Water quality is also
determined by the quality of the chemical, which means that the content of certain elements
of both organic and inorganic. The content of the elements of these elements should not be
less than the minimum or do not exceed the maximum limit (Lawrence and Ojo, 2012)
The development of oil palm plantations is very rapid and the number of absorbed water
the water system. Oil palm plantations that are a monoculture rated as the cause of the
reduced availability of groundwater and can lower the groundwater table (Sandhyavitri,
2014). Based on data obtained from PPKS subunit Kabun Kalianta Riau (2012), the oil palm
plantation area, the pattern of groundwater level decline occurred in the period April-
September. Study of soil water potential can be determined by measuring points with the
The geoelectric method does not damage the medium and the surrounding environment,
but the results can be analyzed to determine the presence of the aquifer. The magnitude of the
potential for ground water can be characterized by the presence of a thick aquifer zone
a depth of 60 meters and is easy to use and high accuracy enough tools. Alile et al (2010),
revealed that the electrical resistivity method is one of the most useful technique in
geophysical exploration of underground water due to the resistivity of the rocks are extremely
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of rock resistivity ranges from 333 Ohm to 63 Ohm around 85% of which are in the ground
water potential medium (100-250 Ohm) and the potential for groundwater high (> 250 Ohm).
two current electrodes and measure the results of the voltage difference at two potential
electrodes are driven into the ground (Loke, 1999). The magnitude of the radial flow can be
measured in terms of the potential difference at a particular place at ground level, so that it
Measurement of groundwater levels in the area around the geoelectric method Aguobiri
Southern Nigeria found that ground water can still be consumed and has not been
contaminated by oil (Egai, et al, 2013). In contrast to the results of research Carlson, et al
(2013) which states that the threat of pollution of water sources become public consumption.
Water quality testing is required to determine water quality. Water has the nature of the
physics, chemistry and biology. According Suripin (2002) physical characteristics that affect
water quality is determined by the color, temperature, turbidity, while water covers the
chemical characteristics of pH, alkalinity and hardness; and biological characteristics such as
a wide range of living organisms. Data measuring groundwater levels and water quality
Theoretical Framework
Geolistrik is a method in geophysics that studies the nature of the flow of electricity in the
earth and how to detect them in the earth's surface. This detection includes measuring the
3
Figure 1. Two pairs of current and potential electrodes on the surface of a homogeneous
ΔV (1)
ρa =K
I
In equation (1) is the resistivity, is a geometric factor, is the potential difference between the
points and, is the electric current that flows through and. ρa KΔV P 1 P2 I P1 P2
K=2 πa (2)
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In equation (2) is the distance between the electrodes.a
METHOD
Beliben Pondok Kelapa Central Bengkulu. Water sampling wells around the point measured
is determined nuka depth of groundwater. There are four measurement locations that have
been determined through a survey. Well water quality testing conducted in the laboratory,
University of Bengkulu. Variables tested in physics and chemistry is pH, levels of iron (Fe)
and turbidity samples. PH testing is done by using a pH meter, testing the iron content using a
spectrophotometer, and turbidity testing using a turbidimeter. The test results of samples
subsequently analyzed with reference padadaftar water quality for each allotment according
Ground water level measurements in this study using a GE type Resistivity Meter GL-
4200, geoelectric method with Wenner electrode configuration. Geoelectric appliance parts
consist of Current transmitter, voltmeter, ammeter, Connection test, ADC, and PC controller
Current Transmitter. Support tools in the ground water level measurements compass, two-
way communication tool, GPS, camera, cable 4 rolls, electrodes 4 pieces and stick 20 pieces.
The data required for the measurement of soil water quality include: the distance between the
two current electrodes AB, the distance between the two MN potential electrode, electric
current (I), potential difference (ΔV) which is guided by the stacking chart, then the price
Groundwater level measurements performed by injecting electric current flow using two
electrodes A and B are inserted into the ground with electric tertentu.Tegangan distance
occurring at ground level was measured using a multimeter connected through two pieces of
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"electrode voltage" M and N the distance is shorter than the electrode spacing AB. When the
position of the electrode distance AB is greater then converted into electrical voltages that
occur at the electrodes MN also change according to the type of rock that participate
information injected electric current at a greater depth (Broto and Afifah, 2008).
The final result of the calculation is inserted into softwere RES2DINV to describe the
value of the resistivity in the surface of the earth in the form of a contour map layers
contained therein.
Results of water quality testing in physics and chemistry laboratory samples of well
L)
sample 1 6.0 0.0021 54.16
sample 2 6.0 0.0022 37.12
sample 3 5.8 0.0021 35.65
sample 4 5.7 0.0011 19.02
Analysis of the pH value of the test sample water quality in Table 1, shows that the
acidic water samples with a pH of 5.7 to 6. According to the government regulations of the
Republic of Indonesia No.20 of 1990, Gol A soil pH of water is allowed is equal to 6,5- 8,5.
This suggests that the well water samples can be said to be contaminated and not suitable for
consumption.
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Analysis of the levels of iron (Fe) in the test sample the water quality, the content of
Indonesia No.20 of 1990, the metal content of iron (Fe) in a goal allowed is 0.3 mg / L.Hal
shows the value that is very far from the exposure limit of 0.3, so that the water samples wells
Analysis of the level of turbidity in the sample water quality testing shows the range of
19.02 to 54.16. According to the government regulations of the Republic of Indonesia No.20
of 1990, the maximum turbidity levels in Gol A is allowed is 5 NTU. This demonstrates the
value that is very far from the exposure limit is 5 NTU, so that the well water samples can be
said to have a very high turbidity levels. Turbidity can be caused by solids such as sand, silt,
Ground water level measurement data with geoelectric method after being processed to
obtain resistivity value, then the softwere RES2DINV. The results of data processing in the
form of actual resistivity distribution on the cross section below the soil surface. Based on
this geoelectric cross-section can be seen the depth and structure of the soil layers are
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Based on the first image looks still spreading the soil water potential, soil water
resistivity are shown by the blue color that ranges between 0.002150.206 Ωm with an
Based on Figure 2 also looks still spreading the soil water potential, soil water resistivity
are shown by the blue color that ranges between 0.1284.38 Ωm with an average depth of
2,935m.
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Based on Figure 3 also looks still spreading the soil water potential, soil water resistivity
are shown by the blue color that ranges between 0.744 6.93 Ωm with an average depth of
2,240m.
Based on Figure 4 also looks still spreading the soil water potential, soil water resistivity
is indicated by a blue color in the range of 0.120 to 3.21 Ωm with an average depth of 2,679
m. Fourth trajectory measurements were obtained that the depth of the ground water level
Hypothesis test water quality in the relationship with the depth of the ground water level
is done by using the product moment correlation indicates that there is no tendency of the
relationship between pH and the levels of iron (Fe) with the groundwater.
This inverse relationship is defined that the near / short distance of the groundwater from the
soil surface, the higher the turbidity level / great. This is in line with research Carlson, et al,
from Stanford University and the University of Minnesota (2013) who conducted research on
the southern coast of Ketapang in West Kalimantan Province, revealed that the water quality
is significantly eroded and the risks associated with oil palm plantations. Impacts that occur,
ranging from declining water quality with a marked turbidity occurs between 40-713 NTU.
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CONCLUSION
1. Four wells to water quality in terms of pH indicates that the water is acidic range between
5.76, the content of iron (Fe) ranged between 0.00110.0022 mg / L indicate that the
well water contains no metal iron (Fe), and turbidity ranged from 19.0254.16 NTU,
which means that the well water turbidity is very high discount.
2. The depth of the ground water level is done with Wenner configuration geoelectric
measurements showed that the average trajectory 1 ground water depth of 1,967 meters,
track 2 average depth of 2,935 m, the track 3 average depth of 2,240 m, and the mean
3. The relationship between water quality in terms of turbidity with a depth of groundwater
table enjoyed a "strong", so that it can be said there are tendencies to an inverse
relationship between the quality of ground water and surface water in terms of turbidity.
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