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Developing Concept of Word: The Work of Emergent Readers
Developing Concept of Word: The Work of Emergent Readers
Developing Concept
of Word
The Work of Emergent Readers
Susan E. Gately
Ed is a 14-year-old student who awareness and phonics, are unable to uments best practices in literacy instruc-
is described as an emergent use these skills when reading. They tion for students with other disabilities,
reader, despite years of one-on- don’t finger point when they read, they such as mental retardation. The practice
one tutoring in a structured disregard the print on the page, and of inclusion has opened classroom
phonics program. Although he they don't match their speech to the doors to many students with disabili-
is able to employ phonics in
printed word. Both students exhibit ties, but many of these students are not
reading lists of words, when
characteristics of early readers who dis- being "invited to join the literacy cur-
reading connected text, Ed does
play difficulty with the “concept of riculum" in their classrooms” (Kliewer,
not attempt to sound out
words. In fact, he reads impul- word." 1998).
sively, skipping words, with lit- Concept of word has received little Discouraged with the seeming lack
tle intent on getting meaning. study from the field in recent years; and of progress to develop early literacy
Instead, he seems more inter- although it is mentioned as an early lit- skills, practitioners who work with stu-
ested in just finishing the task. eracy skill in many literacy methods dents with disabilities often move away
He has difficulty segmenting texts, it is generally given scant cover- from the more traditional general edu-
TEACHING Exceptional Children, Vol. 36, No. 6, pp. 16-22. Copyright 2004 CEC.
words into sounds and refuses age (see boxes "Emergent Literacy cation curriculum after the primary
to attempt to spell words that Concepts," "Two Ways to Assess grades (Katims, 1991). They spend more
he has not memorized. time on vocational and life-centered
Concept of Word," and "What Does the
Peter is a fifth grader who has Literature Say?"). It may be that, by its learning curriculums. When these prac-
had many special education nature as an early skill easily attained titioners do continue to work on literacy
services throughout his school skills, the time allocated to instruction
by most students, it has not received
career. He is also described as generally does not match that given to
much attention. As national and state
an emergent reader. He is
mandates call for increased accountabil- other students (Erikson, 2002). As a
unable to read even the sim-
ity and access to the general education result, many students with disabilities
plest leveled reader; he skips
words, reads impulsively, and curriculum for all students however, we often do not experience the intensive lit-
ignores the picture cues. He is must pay attention to the rudiments of eracy instruction necessary for them to
unable to follow along in read- early literacy skills so teachers can become literate (Katims, 1991).
ing with his finger effectively. notice them and foster their develop- Attention to the rudiments of literacy
His phonemic segmentation ment in students with disabilities. development is essential if teachers are
skills are poor. He does very lit- to help students with disabilities
tle writing on his own because Literacy Approaches progress in this area. Concept of word is
a paraprofessional usually Although research abounds on best a key early literacy skill, or concept, that
transcribes what he has to say. practices for literacy instruction for stu- matches the spoken and written word,
Ed and Peter are students who, dents with learning disabilities and stu- and most students reach it without spe-
despite years of training in phonological dents at risk, a paucity of evidence doc- cialized attention or programming.