2017

WORKBOOK
Detailed Explanations of
Try Yourself Questions

Electrical Engineering
Electromagnetic Theory
 1 Static Electric Fields

T1 : Solution

Consider the coaxial cone of figure, where the gap serves as an insulator between the two conducting
cones. Here V depends only on θ, so Laplace’s equation coordinates becomes

1 d ⎡ dV ⎤
∇2 V = ⎢ sin θ =0
2
r sin θ d θ ⎣ d θ ⎥⎦

Vo

θ1

θ2

Gap
Potential V(θ) due to conducting cones.

Since r = 0 and θ = 0, π are excluded, we can multiply by r 2 sinθ to get

d ⎡ dV ⎤
sin θ =0
d θ ⎢⎣ d θ ⎥⎦
Integrating once gives
dV
sin θ =A
dθ
dV A
or =
dθ sin θ

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 Workbook 3

Integrating this results in

dθ dθ 1/ 2 sec2 θ / 2 d θ d (tan θ / 2)
V = A∫ =A∫ = A∫ =∫
sin θ 2cos θ / 2 sin θ / 2 tan θ / 2 tan θ / 2
= Aln(tan θ/2) + B
We now apply the boundary conditions to determine the integration constants A and B.
V (θ = θ1) = 0 → 0 = A ln (tan θ1/2) + B
or B = –A ln (tan θ1/2)
⎡ tan θ / 2 ⎤
Hence V = Al n ⎢ ⎥
⎣ tan θ1 / 2 ⎦
⎡ tan θ2 / 2 ⎤
Also V (θ = θ2) = Vo → Vo = A ln ⎢ ⎥
⎣ tan θ1 / 2 ⎦
Vo
or A=
⎡ tan θ2 / 2 ⎤
ln ⎢ ⎥
⎣ tan θ1 / 2 ⎦

⎡ tan θ / 2 ⎤
Vo l n ⎢ ⎥
Thus, V= ⎣ tan θ1 / 2 ⎦
⎡ tan θ2 / 2 ⎤
ln⎢ ⎥
⎣ tan θ1 / 2 ⎦
1 dV A Vo
E = −∇V = − aθ = − aθ = − aθ
r dθ r sin θ ⎡ tan θ2 / 2 ⎤
r sin θ l n ⎢ ⎥
⎣ tan θ1 / 2 ⎦
Taking θ1 = π/10, θ2 = π/6, and Vo = 50 gives
⎡ tan θ / 2 ⎤
50l n ⎢ ⎥
V= ⎣ tan π / 20 ⎦ = 95.1 l n ⎡ tan θ / 2 ⎤ V
⎡ tan π /12 ⎤ ⎢ 0.1584 ⎥
⎣ ⎦
ln⎢ ⎥
⎣ tan π / 20 ⎦
95.1
E= − aθ V/m
r sin θ

T2 : Solution y

uuur
dl1 = dρ aˆρ 1
2
uuur
d l2 = ρd φ a$ φ 3
uuur
d l3 = dρ aˆρ
90° x
0
1
0
1 π/2
ur uur + ∫ 4 ρ sin φ ρ$ ⋅ d ρ a$ ρ
Ñ∫ ⋅ d l
E = ∫ 4ρ sin φ a$ ρ ⋅ d ρ a$ ρ + ∫ 4ρ sin φ a$ ρ ⋅ ρd φa$ φ
1 φ = 90°
C 0 φ=0 0 ρ =1
= –4

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4 Electrical Engineering • Electromagnetic Theory

T3 : Solution
r
E at (3, –2, 1) due to 10 μC/m2 is
ρs 10 10 xˆ
nˆ = − (− xˆ) =
2 ∈0 2 Î0 2 ∈0
r
E due to 20 μC/m2 is
20
ρs
nˆ =
2 ∈
( −z$ ) = − 20 z$
2 ∈0 0 2 ∈0
r 5 xˆ 10 $ 5
Total, E = − z = ( xˆ − 2zˆ ) μV/m
∈0 ∈0 ∈0

T4 : Solution
ur
E 1 = x$ + 2y$ − 2z$
Tangential components are continuous across the boundary ie
ur ur
E 1tan = E 2 tan
ur $ $
∴ E 2 = x + 2y + E 2z zˆ
Normal components are continuous
D1z = D2z
⇒ ∈1∈1z = ∈2 ∈2z
2.(–2) = 4 E2z
⇒ E 2z = –1
ur
∴ E 2 = x$ + 2y$ − z$ V/m

T5 : Solution
ur r ur
F = I (L × B) = 10 (2z × 0.02(y − x))
$ $ $
ur
F
= 0.2 ( z$ × (y$ − x$ ) ) = 0.2 ( −x$ ) − 0.2 ( y$ )
L
= −0.2 ( x$ + y$ ) N/m

T6 : Solution

Let,

+
V2 ∈r = 3, E2, D2
– 20 V
+
V1 ∈r = 2, E1, D1
–

d = 1 cm
A = 100 cm2

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 Workbook 5

From boundary conditions,

D1 = D2
⇒ 2 ∈0E1 = 3 ∈0E2
2
⇒ E2 = E1
3
Also V2 + V1 = 20 V
⇒ E2 d + E1 d = 20 V
⎛2 ⎞
⇒ ⎜⎝ E1 + E1⎟⎠ d = 20
3
20 3
E1 = = 2000 × = 1200 V/m
⎛ 5⎞ 5
d⎜ ⎟
⎝ 3⎠
D1 = D2 = 2 ∈0 E1 = 21.2 nC/m2

T7 : Solution

Jc = Jd
⇒ σ = ω∈
σ
⇒ ∈0∈r =
ω
σ
⇒ ∈r =
2πf × ∈0
10
∈r =
2 π × 90 × 109 × 8.852 × 10 −12
1
= × 1000 = 1.998 ≈ 2
2π × 9 × 8.852

T8 : Solution
σ
= tan2 θη = tan 60° = 1.732
ω∈
μ
∈ 120π
η = 240 = 1 =
⎡ ⎛ σ ⎞ 2⎤ 4 ∈r
⎢1 + ⎜⎝ ⎟ ⎥ (1 + 3)
1
⎣ ω ∈⎠ ⎦ 4

π2
⇒ ∈r = = 1.234
8
⎛ σ ⎞ 10 −9
Complex permittivity ∈c = ∈ ⎜ 1 − j ⎟ = 1.234 × (1 − j 1.732)
⎝ ω ∈⎠ 36π
= (10.91 – j18.9) × 10–12 F/m
∴ x = 10.91
y = –18.9

„„„„

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 2 Static Magnetic Fields

T1 : Solution

(c)

1 2

a b c

1
Since the field due to infinite wire is ∝ .
r

b1 c1
So, flux from loop 1 will be proportional to ∫a r dr and flux from loop 2 will be proportional to ∫b r dr .
b1 c1
So, ∫a r dr = ∫b r dr
⇒ ln(b) – ln (a) = ln (c) – ln (b)
2 ln (b) = ln (ac)
⇒Þ b= ac

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 Workbook 7

T2 : Solution

Y 800∠90°
800 / 2 ∠ 45°
B Q
800∠0°
C

Q Q
X
A D

Since distance of B and D from C is same so field due to D will be 800∠0° and distance of A from C is 2

800
times distance of B from C so field due to A will be ∠45° .
2
Total field due to changes at A, B, C is,
⎛ 800 ⎞
= ⎜ 800∠0 + 800∠90° + ∠45°⎟
⎝ 2 ⎠
= 1697∠45° V/m

„„„„

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