POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

PAINT MIXER WITH MACHINE VISION-BASED

COLOR SCANNER

A Design Project
Presented to the Faculty of
Computer Engineering Department
Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Sta. Mesa, Manila

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering

by

Charlene Mae DG. Esteban

Enrico Camilo P. Gomez Jr.
Justin Earl L. Guevarra
Ami V. Morita

MARCH 2020
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

The success and outcome of this project required a lot of guidance and assistance

from many people and we are extremely privileged to have got this all along the

completion of our project. The accomplishment of this project is only by virtue of such

supervision and support and we would not forget to thank them.

Most importantly, we sincerely thank the Almighty God for giving us strength

throughout the preparation of this project. We also wish to extend our sincere and

heartfelt gratitude to our family for providing our needs.

We respect and thank our Design Project advisers, Engr. Rolito L. Mahaguay and

Engr. Ronald Fernando, for giving us an opportunity to do the project work and giving us

all support and guidance, which made us complete the project duly.

We owe our deep gratitude to the staff of Finemix Paint Center, especially to Mr.

Henry, who took keen enthusiasm on our project proposal and allow us to observe and

improve their processes.

We are indebted to and fortunate enough to get knowledge and wisdom from all

the teaching staffs of the Department of Computer Engineering of the Polytechnic

University of the Philippines which helped us in successfully completing our project by

having the lessons they shared with us.

ii
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

CERTIFICATION OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that the research work presented in this thesis/dissertation,

PAINT MIXER WITH MACHINE VISION-BASED COLOR SCANNER for the degree

Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering at the Polytechnic University of the

Philippines embodies the result of original and scholarly work carried out by the

undersigned. This dissertation does not contain words or ideas taken from published

sources or written works that have been accepted as basis for the award of a degree

from any other higher education institution, except where proper referencing and

acknowledgment were made.

CHARLENE MAE DG. ESTEBAN

Researcher

ENRICO CAMILO P. GOMEZ JR.

Researcher

JUSTIN EARL L. GUEVARRA

Researcher

AMI V. MORITA
Researcher

_______________________
Date Signed

iii
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

ABSTRACT

Title : Paint Mixer with Machine Vision-Based Color Scanner

Researchers : Charlene Mae DG. Esteban, Enrico Camilo P. Gomez Jr.,
Justin Earl L. Guevarra, Ami V. Morita
Degree : Bachelor of Science in Computer Engineering
Institution : Polytechnic University of the Philippines
Year : 2020
Advisers : Engr. Rolito L. Mahaguay, Engr. Ronald D. Fernando

Paint color replication is not an easy feat that can be done instinctively; it requires

knowledge in color representation and mixing theory. Color replication in paint centers is

usually done manually that took a lot of time and effort which also requires talent and

skill.

Series of experiments are done to develop the machine. Different camera and

image processing techniques are tested to select which suits the best for getting the

accurate color of a sample material. Formula for color mixing theory are also tested to

see which of the color theory representations would work best in real life paint mixing

application. Processing an image, captured by microscopic camera to detect the color of

a sample and generate the required ratio of paint to be mixed, shortened the scanning

time, lessen the amount of effort and ensure that paints are not wasted. CMYK color

theory are applied to get the ratio of colors needed to replicate a color sample.

Developing a machine which automates the scanning and mixing of paints

eliminates the negative factors that are present in manual mixing.

Keywords: paint mixer, machine vision, color scanner, color mixing theory, image

processing, color replication, RGB conversion

iii
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Page
Title Page i
Acknowledgements ii
Certification of Originality iii
Abstract iv
Table of Contents v
List of Tables vii
List of Figures viii
1 The Problem and its Background 1
Introduction 1

Theoretical Framework 2

Conceptual Framework 5

Statement of the Problem 6

Scope and Limitations 7

Significance of the Study 7

Definition of Terms 8

2 Review of Related Literatures and Studies 9

Foreign and Local Literatures and Studies 9

Production of Paints in the Philippines 9

Manual Paint Mixing .10

Automation .10

Automation of Paint Mixer .12

Dispensing System .13

Color Recognition using Machine Vision Technology .14

Color Mixing Implementation 15

iv
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

Synthesis of the Reviewed Literature and Studies 18

3 Methodology 20
Methods of Research 20

Data Gathering Procedure 20

Block Diagram 22

Schematic Diagram 23

Flow Chart 24

4 Presentation, Analysis and Interpretation of Data 26

5 Summary of Findings, Conclusions and Recommendations 41
Summary of Findings 41

Conclusions 42

Recommendations 43

References 44
Appendices 46
Appendix 1: Components of the Proposed System 46

Appendix 2: Bill of Materials / Costing 49

Appendix 3: Block Diagram 50

Appendix 4: Flowchart 51

Appendix 5: Wiring Diagram 52

Appendix 6: Source Code 54

Appendix 7: Prototype Design 71

Appendix 8: Graphical User Interface (GUI) Design 72

Appendix 9: Face-to-Face Interview 75

Appendix 10: Datasheets 87

Appendix 11: Cost-Benefit Analysis 134

Appendix 13: User’s Manual 135

Appendix 13: Curriculum Vitae 136

v
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

LIST OF TABLES

Number Title Page

1 480p HD Web Camera with 1/6” CMOS Sensor 27

2 1080p PC Camera 27

3 Microscopic Camera with 1/3” CMOS Sensor and Built-In 28

Lighting
4 Microscopic Camera with 1/3” CMOS Sensor and Built-In 29
Lighting (Low Lighting)
5 Getting the Dominant Color Value 30

6 Averaging the color value of each pixel 30

7 Input Color and Output Paint Comparison 31

8 Conversion of RGB to CMY-Wht-Blk Value 34

9 Conversion of RGB to RYB-Wht-Blk Value 36

10 Manual Color Scanning and Automated Color Scanning 37

11 Manual Color Mixing and Automated Color Mixing 38

12 Manual Paint Mixing and Automated Paint Mixing 39

vi
 POLYTECHNIC UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES

LIST OF FIGURES

Number Title Page

1 Color Wheel 3

2 Conceptual Framework of Paint Mixer with Machine Vision- 5

based Color Scanner
3 Graphical representation of HSV color model by Lindgren and 16
Thiel
4 RGB and RYB Color Wheel Representation 17

5 RYB interpolation cube 18

6 Block Diagram of Paint Mixer with Machine Vision-based 22

Color Scanner
7 Schematic Diagram of Paint Mixer with Machine Vision-Based 23
Color Scanner
8 Schematic Diagram for Peristaltic Pumps and Paint Mixer of 23
the Machine
9 Flowchart of Paint Mixer with Machine Vision-Based Color 24
Scanner

vii