What case of the noun is the most frequent in Gothic?

Dative case

What word building devices did you notice in the text?

1. af –
2. fra –
3. –jin / -jan
4. ands/onds
5. At-

1.What peculiarities of Gothic syntax are lost in present day English?

Grammatical constructions were spoiled by the influence of translation.
Similarly, Gothic translations of Greek noun phrases can have a verb and a
complement. In both cases, the verb follows the addition, giving weight to the
theory that the basic word order in Gothic is the object of the verb. This aligns with
what is known of the other early Germanic languages.
Most noticeably, Gothic shows no signs of morphological umlaut. Gothic Fotus,
pl. can be compared with the English foot: legs
Old English dēor, gen. highest rank dēores “wild animal” (Modern English deer)
Reduplication: Old English Lacan: LEO LC, LEC

2.The particle –uh has intensifying force in Gothic.

How is it rendered in Modern English?
Emphatic meaning suggests contrastive/adversative interpretation of response
particle, discourse particle is older (some uses already in Gothic), response particle
They are most characteristic of spontaneous spoken discourse, but are seldom
found in written discourse.

John 18:1
CA
 Þata qiþands Iesus usiddja miþ siponjam seinaim ufar rinnon þo Kaidron, þarei 
was aurtigards, in þanei galaiþ Iesus jah siponjos is.
— When Jesus had spoken these words, he went forth with his disciples over the
brook Cedron, where was a garden, into the which he entered, and his disciples.

qiþands
The class of verb: Strong verb class 5
Tense:present participle
Declantion:strong
Gender:masculine
The case: nominative
Number:singular
Translate: Промовивши, had spoken (Participle II, Past Perfect, Active Voice,
Indicative Mood)
galewjands
The class of verb:Weak verb (class 1: -ja- / long stems)
Tense:present participle
Declantion:strong
Gender:masculine
The case: nominative
Number:singular
Translate: зрадив, betrayed (Past Simple, Active Voice, Indicative Mood)

siponjam
The class of noun: the 8-th class
Gender: masculine
The case: dative  common,
Number:plural
Translate: disciples, Schüler, Jünger 
Stems:  long ja-stems
Lemma siponeis

aurtigards
The class of noun: the 8-th class
Gender: masculine
The case: nominative   common
Number: singular
Translate: Garten, garden
Stems:  long i-stems
Lemma aurtigards

John 18:2
CA wissuh þan jah Iudas sa galewjands ina þana stad, þatei ufta gaïddja Iesus
jainar miþ siponjam seinaim.

— And Judas also, which betrayed him, knew the place: for Jesus ofttimes resorted
thither with his disciples.

wissuh

The class of verb: Preterite-presents ('Die Verba präterito-präsentia haben

Perfektform aber Präsensbedeutung')
Tense: active indicative
Number: singular
Translate: знання,knowledge
Lemma -uh : particle, enclitic

galewjands
The class of verb: Weak verb (class 1: -ja- / long stems)
Tense:present participle
Declension: strong
Gender: masculine
The case: nominative
Number: singular
Translate:surrender, leave/ здатися, піти.
Lemma ga-lewjan

gaïddja

The class of verb: Reduplicating strong verb (class 3: present stem contains -ǎCC-
or -āC-)
Tense: active indicative
Number: singular
Person: 3rd
Lemma ga-gaggan
Translate: збираються разом/getting together.

John 18:3
CA 
 iþ Iudas nam hansa jah þize gudjane jah Fareisaie andbahtans, iddjuh jaindwairþ
s miþ skeimam jah haizam jah wepnam.
— Judas then, having received a band of men and officers from the chief priests
and Pharisees, cometh thither with lanterns and torches and weapons.
gudjane
The class of noun: the 1st class
Gender: Masculine
The case: genitive common,  
Number: plural
Translate: officers, policeman  
Stems:  n-stems
Lemma gudja

skeimam  
The class of noun: the 9st class
The case: dative common  
Number: plural
Translate: lanterns 
Lemma skeimam 

haizam
The class of noun: the 1st class
The case: dative common,  
Number: plural
Translate: torches, light 
Stems:  n-stems
Lemma haizam 

wepnam
The class of noun: the 1st class
Gender: neuter
The case: dative  common,
Number: plural
Translate: weapons
Stems:  a-stems
Lemma wepna

John 18:4
CA iþ Iesus witands alla þoei qemun ana ina, usgaggands ut qaþ im: hvana
sokeiþ?

— Jesus therefore, knowing all things that should come upon him, went forth, and
said unto them, Whom seek ye?

witands

The class of verb :Preterite-presents

Tense:present participle
Declension: strong
Gender: masculine
Case: nominative
Person: singular
Lemma witan
Translate:knowledge/знання

qemun

The class of verb:Strong verb (class 4: Ablautreihe i[aí]/a/e/u[aú])

Tense: active indicative
Person: 3rd
Number: plural
Lemma qiman
Translate:come [perfect simplex]/прийти

sokeiþ

The class of verb:Weak verb (class 1: -ja- / long stems)

Tense: active indicative present
Person: 2nd
Number: plural
Lemma sokjan
Translate: шукати, спір/seek , dispute.

John 18:5
CA   andhafjandans imma qeþun: Iesu, þana Nazoraiu.  þaruh  qaþ im Iesus: ik im. 
stoþuh   þan   jah   Iudas  sa  lewjands   ina   miþ   im .

— They answered him, Jesus of Nazareth. Jesus saith unto them, I am he. And
Judas also,
which betrayed him, stood with them.

þaruh
The class of verb-strong verb class 1
Tense:present participle
Declantion:strong
Gender-neuter
The case-nominative
Number-singular
Translate-Романізація(verbal,gerund,noun,simple active,active voice)
ik im. 
The class of verb-weak verb(class 1)
Tense-present particle
Declantion-strong
Gender-masculine
The case-nominative
Number-singular
Translate-Я їм,Im eating(Present continiuos,active voice,indicative mood)

stoþuh
The clas of verb
Tense-present particle
Declantion-strong
Gender-feminine
The case-nominative
Number-singular
Translate-father in law(noin,uncountable)

John 18:6
CA   þaruh swe qaþ im þatei ik im, galiþun ibukai jah gadrusun dalaþ.
— As soon then as he had said unto them, I am he, they went backward, and fell to
the ground.

 galiþun
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:68
Lemma: ga-leiþan
Part of speech:verb
The class of verb:Strong verb (class 1: Ablautreihe ei/ái/i[aí]/i[aí])
Tense:active preterite
Mood:indicative
The number:plural
Status:verified and/or disambiguated.
Translate:to come, to go
Person:3rd

gadrusun
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:611
Lemma:ga-driusan
Part of speech:verb
The class of verb:
Strong verb (class 2: Ablautreihe iu/áu/u[aú]/u[aú])
Tense:active preterite
Mood:indicative
The number:plural
Status:verified and/or disambiguated.
Translate:to falling down
Person:3rd

John 18:7
CA   þaþroh þan ins aftra frah: hvana sokeiþ?  iþ  eis qeþun: Iesu, þana Nazoraiu.
— Then asked he them again, Whom seek ye? And they said, Jesus of Nazareth.

frah
Location: Codex Argenteus , John 18:7
Lemma fraihnan
Part of speech: verb
The class of verb: Strong verb (class 5: Ablautreihe i[aí]/a/e/i[aí])
The number: singular
Status: verified and/or disambiguated.
Translation: to ask/ запитувати
Person: the 3rd person
Mood: indicative
Tense: active preterite

John 18:8
CA   andhof Iesus: qaþ izwis þatei ik im; jabai nu mik sokeiþ, letiþ þans gaggan.
— Jesus answered, I have told you that I am he: if therefore ye seek me, let these
go their
way:

sokeiþ
Location: Codex Argenteus, John 18:8
Lemma sokjan
Part of speech: verb
The class of verb: Weak verb (class 1: -ja- / long stems)
Translation: to seek/ шукати
Person: the 2nd person
The number: plural
Mood: indicative
Tense: active present
Status: verified and/or disambiguated

letiþ
Location: Codex Argenteus, John 18:8
Lemma: letan
Part of speech: verb
The class of verb: Reduplicating strong verb with Ablaut
Translation: let/ дозволяти
Mood: imperative
Person: the 2nd person
The number: plural
Status: verified and/or disambiguated

John 18:9
CA   ei usfullnodedi þata waurd þatei qaþ, ei þanzei atgaft mis, ni  fraqistida   ize  
ainummehun.
— That the saying might be fulfilled, which he spake, Of them which thou gavest
me have I lost none.

usfullnodedi
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:92
Lemma:us-fullan
Part of speech:verb
The class of verb:Weak verb (class 4: -na-)
Tense:active preterite
Mood:optative
The number:singular
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:to be fulfilled by
Person:3rd

fraqistida
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:912
Lemma:fra-qistjan
Part of speech:verb
The class of verb:Weak verb (class 1: -ja- / long stems)
Tense:active preterite
Mood:indicative
The number:singular
Status:verified and/or disambiguated.
Translate:to spoil, to kill
Person:1st

John 18:10
CA iþ Seimon Paitrus habands hairu, uslauk ina jah sloh þis auhumistins gudjins
skalk jah afmaimait imma auso taihswo; sah þan haitans was namin Malkus.
— Then Simon Peter having a sword drew it, and smote the high priest's servant,
and cut off his right ear. The servant's name was Malchus.

Habands

Lemma:haban.
The class of verb :strong verb
Tense:present participle
Gender:masculine
Number:singular
Translate:мати

Uslauk

Lemma:us-lukan
Tense:active
The class of verb :strong
Gender:3 rd person
The case:indicative
Number:singular
Translate :відкривати
Sloh

Lemma:slahan
The class of verb:strong
Tense:active
Gender:3d person
The case:indicative
Number: singular
Translate:бити

Afmaimait

Lemma: af-maitan
The class of verb:strong
Tense:active
Gender:3d person
The case:indicative preterite
Number: singular
Translate:тікати

Haitans

Lemma:haitan
The class of verb :strong verb
Tense:present participle
Gender:masculine
Number:singular
Translate:називати
The case:nominative

John 18:11
CA   þaruh qaþ Iesus du Paitrau: lagei þana hairu in fodr.  stikl  þanei  gaf   mis  
atta , iu  drigkau   þana ?
— Then said Jesus unto Peter, Put up thy sword into the sheath: the cup which my
Father hath given me, shall I not drink it?

lagei
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:11
Lemma:lagjan
Part of speech:verb
The class of verb:Weak verb (class 1: -ja- / short stems)
Tense:active imperative
The number:singular
Status:verified and/or disambiguated.
Translate:to lay, to hang up, to lie down
Person:2nd

gaf
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:1113
Lemma:giban
Part of speech:verb
Class of verb:Strong verb (class 5: Ablautreihe i[aí]/a/e/i[aí])
Tense:active preterite
Mood:indicative
The number:singular
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:to give
Person:3rd
 
drigkau
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:1117
Lemma:drigkan
Part of speech:verb
The class of verb:Strong verb (class 3: Ablautreihe i[aí]/a/u[aú]/u[aú])
Tense:active present
Mood:optative
The number:singular
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:to drink something
Person:1st

John 18:12
CA   þaruh hansa jah sa þusundifaþs jah andbahtos Iudaie undgripun  Iesu   jah  
gabundun  ina ,
— Then the band and the captain and officers of the Jews took Jesus, and bound
him,

þaruh 
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:121
Lemma:þaruh
Part of speech:conjunction
The class:Indeclinable word (preposition, conjunction, …)
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:well, but

undgripun
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:12
Lemma:und-greipan
Part of speech:verb
The class of verb:Strong verb (class 1: Ablautreihe ei/ái/i[aí]/i[aí])
Tense:active preterite
Mood:indicative
The number:plural
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:seize
Person:3rd

gabundun
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:1212
Lemma:ga-bindan
Part of speech:verb
The class of verb:Strong verb (class 3: Ablautreihe i[aí]/a/u[aú]/u[aú])
Tense:active preterite
Mood:indicative
The number:plural
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:tie
Person:3rd

John 18:13

CA jah gatauhun ina du Annin frumist; sa was auk swaihra Kajafin, saei was
auhumists weiha þis ataþnjis.
— And led him away to Annas first; for he was father in law to Caiaphas, which
was the high priest that same year.

Gatauhun

Lemma:ga-tiuhan
The class of verb :strong verb
Tense:active
Gender:the 3 d person
Number:plural
Translate:відводити
The case:indicative

Frumist
Lemma:frumist
part of speech:adverb,tempolar
inflection: Indeclinable
Translate:разом

Swaihra

Lemma:swaihra
Part of speech:noun,common
Gender:masculine
Translate:свекруха
The case:nominative
Number:singular

Ataþnjis

Lemma: Ataþni
Part of speech:noun,common,neutral
Gender:masculine
Translate:рік
The case:genitive
Number:singular

John 18:14
CA wasuh þan Kajafa, saei garaginoda Iudaium þatei batizo ist ainana mannan
fraqistjan faur managein.
— Now Caiaphas was he, which gave counsel to the Jews, that it was expedient
that one man should die for the people.
  - Тепер Каяфа був тим, хто давав пораду євреям, що доцільно, щоб одна
людина померла для людей.
garaginoda
The class of verb: Weak verb (class 2: -o-)
Tense: present participle
Declantion:strong
Person: 3rd
The case:
Number:singular
Translate: радити/advise (present simple,active voice,indicative mood)
Lemma ga-raginon

batizo
The class of adjective: Adjectives: comparative degree
Declantion: Weak
The case:nominative
Gender:neuter
Number:singular
Translate: better/краще
Lemma batiza

Fraqistjan
The class of verb: Weak verb (class 1: -ja- / long stems)
Tense: present participle
Declantion: Weak
The case: accusative,dative
Number:singular
Translate: spoil/зіпсувати (past simple,active voice,indicative mood)
Lemma fra-qistjan

John 18:15
CA þaruh laistida Iesu Seimon Paitrus jah anþar siponeis. sah þan siponeis was
kunþs þamma gudjin jah miþinngalaiþ miþ Iesua in rohsn þis gudjins.

— And Simon Peter followed Jesus, and so did another disciple: that disciple was
known unto the high priest, and went in with Jesus into the palace of the high
priest. — ἠκολούθει δὲ τῷ ἰησοῦ σίµων πέτρος καὶ ἄλλος µαθητής. ὁ δὲ µαθητὴς
ἐκεῖνος ἦν γνωστὸς τῷ ἀρχιερεῖ, καὶ συνεισῆλθεν τῷ ἰησοῦ εἰς τὴν αὐλὴν τοῦ
ἀρχιερέως, - - І Симон Петро пішов за Ісусом, і так зробив ще один учень: той
учень був відомий первосвященикові, і ввійшов з Ісусом у палац
первосвященика.

kunþs
The class of adjective: strong adjective
The number: singular
Gender: masculine
Case: nominative
Translate: known

gudjin
The class of noun: the 1st class
The number: singular
Case: dativ
Gender: masculine
Stems: n-stems
Lemma: gudja
Translate: priest
John 18:16
CA   iþ Paitrus stoþ at daurom uta.  þaruh  usiddja ut sa siponeis anþar,  saei   was
kunþs  þamma   gudjin ,  jah   qaþ   daurawardai   jah   attauh   inn   Paitru .
— But Peter stood at the door without. Then went out that other disciple, which
was known
unto the high priest, and spake unto her that kept the door, and brought in Peter.

paitrus
The class of noun: the 8th class
The case: proper, nominative 
Number: singular
Translate: Peter 
Lemma Paitrus

daurom
The class of noun: the 9th class
Gender: feminine 
The case: dative  common
Number: plural
Translate: door, Tor, Tür
Stems: n-stems
Lemma daurons

gudjin
The class of noun: the 1st class
Gender: Masculine
The case: dative  common,
Number: singular
Translate: priest, Priester
Stems:  n-stems
Lemma gudja

daurawardai
The class of noun: the 1st class
Gender: feminine
The case: dative  common
Number: singular
Translate: Türhüterin, unto her that kept the door
Stems:  Pure ō-stems
Lemma daurawarda 

John 18:17
CA   þaruh qaþ jaina þiwi, so daurawardo, du Paitrau: ibai jah þu  þize   siponje  
is  þis   mans ?  iþ  is qaþ: ni im.
— Then saith the damsel that kept the door unto Peter, Art not thou also one of this
man's
disciples? He saith, I am not.

 þiwi
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:174
Lemma: þiwi
Part of speech:noun,common,feminine
The class:Long jō-stems (feminine)
Case:nominative
The number:singular
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:maid

so
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:175
Lemma:sa
Part of speech:pronoun, demonstarive
The class:Enumeration of selected pronominal declensions
Gender:feminine
The number:singular
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:the, this
Case:nominative

daurawardo
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:176
Lemma:daurawardo
Part of speech:noun, common, feminine
The class of noun:Feminine n-stems
The number:singular
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:door keeper
Case:nominative

  þize
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:1712
Lemma:sa
Part of speech:pronoun, demonstrative
The class of verb:Enumeration of selected pronominal declensions
Gender:masculine
The number:plural
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:the, this
Case:genitive

siponje
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:1713
Lemma:siponeis
Part of speech:noun, common, masculine
The class of noun:Masculine long ja-stems
The number:plural
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:student, younger
Case:genitive

John 18:18
CA 
þaruh stoþun skalkos jah andbahtos haurja waurkjandans, unte kald was, jah w
armidedun sik; jah þan was miþ im Paitrus standands jah  warmjands  sik.
— And the servants and officers stood there, who had made a fire of coals; for it
was cold:
and they warmed themselves: and Peter stood with them, and warmed himself.

 stoþun
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:182
Lemma:standan
Part of speech:verb
The class of verb:Strong verb (class 6: Ablautreihe a/o/o/a)
Tense:active preterite
Mood:indicative
The number:plural
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:stand
Person:3rd

 haurja 
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:186
Lemma:hauri
Part of speech:noun, common, neuter
The class of noun:Neuter short ja-stems
The number:plural
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:coal. Coal fire
Case:accusative
 waurkjandans
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:187
Lemma:waurkjan
Part of speech:verb
The class of verb:Weak verb (class 1: -ja- / long stems)
Tense:present participle
Gender:weak masculine
The number:
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:to make, to work
Case:nominative

kald
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:189
Lemma:kalds
Part of speech:adjective
The class:Pure a/o-stems
Gender:strong neuter
The number:singular
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:cold

warmidedun
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:1812
Lemma:warmjan
Part of speech:verb
The class of verb:Weak verb (class 1: -ja- / long stems)
Tense:active preterite
Mood:indicative
The number:plural
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:to warm
Person:3rd

warmjands
Location:Codex Argenteus, John 18:1822
Lemma:warmjan
Part of speech:verb
The class of verb:Weak verb (class 1: -ja- / long stems)
Tense:present participle
Case:nominative
The number:singular
Status:verified and/or disambiguated
Translate:to warm
Gender:strong masculine

John 18:19
CA iþ sa auhumista gudja frah Iesu bi siponjans is jah bi laisein is.

— The high priest then asked Jesus of his disciples, and of his doctrine. — ὁ οὖν
ἀρχιερεὺς ἠρώτησεν τὸν ἰησοῦν περὶ τῶν µαθητῶν αὐτοῦ καὶ περὶ τῆς διδαχῆς
αὐτοῦ.

- Тоді первосвященик запитав Ісуса про його учнів та його вчення.

frah
The class of verb: strong verb, class 5
The number: singular
Tense: active preterite
Declantion: strong
Person: 3rd person, 1st person
Translate: to ask ( Full infinitive, Present Simple, Active voice, Indicative mood)

Siponjans
The class of noun: the 8th class
The number: plural
The case: accusative, dative

John 18:20
CA   andhof imma Iesus: ik andaugjo rodida manasedai; ik sinteino laisida in 
gaqumþai jah in gudhusa, þarei sinteino Iudaieis gaqimand, jah  þiubjo   ni  
rodida  waiht .

— Jesus answered him, I spake openly to the world; I ever taught in the
synagogue, and in
the temple, whither the Jews always resort; and in secret have I said nothing.

Laisida
The class of verb
Declantion-strong
Gender-neuter
The case-nominative
Number-singular
Translate-богослужіння,worship(noun,uncountable)
Gaqumþai
The class of noun-common
Declantion-strong
The case-nominative
Number-singular
Translate-believer,noun(nominal part,common noun in comon case)

 Gudhusa
The clas of noun-common
Declantiom-strong
The case-nominative
Number-singular
Translate-temple,храм(common noun,common case,active voise)

Ni rodida
The class o verb-class 1
Declantion-strong
The case-nominative
Number-singilar
Translate-немає Родіди(Present Simple,Active voise,simple active)