SOURCES OF ERROR:

In the experiment, the group experienced some errors. First, the measuring needles were not
positioned accurately as it should just touch the water surface but some of the needles are positioned
beneath the paraboloid that caused inaccurate measurements. Second, inaccurate measurements can
also be caused by marking the measuring needles to know the vertical distance because it was hard to
mark in the paper. And also errors can be found in determining the speed of the vortex as it gives
indefinite values.

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION:

A vortex is commonly associated with the rotating motion of fluid around a common centerline.
It is defined by the vorticity in the fluid, which measures the rate of local fluid rotation. Typically, the
fluid circulates around the vortex, the speed increases as the vortex is approached and the pressure
decreases. The swirling motion tends to suck everything within the fluid toward its center. The speed
and rate of rotation of the fluid are greatest at the center, and decrease progressively with distance
from the center. Examples of vortices range from tornados and hurricanes in the atmosphere to water
flowing down a drain. In the experiment, the group was able to compute and compare the theoretical
and experimental values.

In the experiment, it must be ensured that the water surface in the apparatus just touch the
measuring needles to avoid inaccurate measurements and also make sure that the laser is directly on
the white paper in the rotating apparatus to have the right speed.
DOCUMENTATION:

Figure 1 & 2. Positioning of the measuring needles.

Figure 3. Determining the speed of the vector. Figure 4. Marking the measuring needles

Figure 5. Speed of the vector. Trial 1, 55.0 rpm. Figure 2. Speed of the vector. Trial 2, 61.1 rpm.