Germana period: first 2 weeks

Embryonic period: 3rd week to organogenesis (4-8) week

Fetal period: 9th week to birth

 Chromosomal abnormalities:
1-Numerical (trisomy 2n+1 – momosomy 2n-1 – Tetrasomy 2n+2)
2-structural (deletion)
Anauploid number : cells with odd number of chromosome.
Spermatogenesis: begins at puberty till old age (seminiferous tubule)
Oogenesis: begging before birth till menopause (50) (ovaries)

 Ovarian cycle:
Sequence of change occurs every 28 days approximately

Starts at puberty till menopause

The follicular phase ----> FSH ---->Mature vesicular (graafian) follicle

Secretion of estrogen

 Ovulation:
Increase in LH release is response of estrogen.
Rupture of mature graafina follicle under the influence of LH.

The luteal phase :

Ruptured follicle ----> corpus leutum (yellow body)

Fertilization ----> corpus luteum of pregnancy

No fertilization ---->after 9 days cotpus albican (white body)

corpus luteum secrets progester2one and estrogen .

the corpus luteum of pregnancy stay 5 month.

Fertilization:

In the ampulla of fallopian tube (middle part)

The ovum fuse with the sperm to form the zygot

How does the sperm and the ovum move?

-ovum: contraction muscle and cilia in fallopian tube

-sperm: it has tail that helps in the movement, and before gaining its tails it moves by contraction

Zygot after 30h cleavage ----> blastomeres

Zona pellucida degenerate in day 5 to allow implantation of the embryo

Formation of the blastocyst (which is blastomere without zona pellucida)

Then blastula which consist of:

1-Emberyoblast.

2-Trophoblast.

3-blastocele cavity.