Key Principles of Effective Communication

Mooneeb Ali
Effective Communication
• is crucial for working successfully with others
• enables to maintain relationships
• accomplishes tasks with both individuals and groups
• motivates
• helps to overcome obstacles
• creates a relaxed, comfortable, trustful and
psychologically safe feeling

What is Communication?
• „Communication is a dynamic process that individuals use to exchange ideas, relate
experiences and share desires through speaking, writing, gestures or sign language.“
Components of Communication
• anthropological component
– communication happens between at least two human
beings
• social component
– participants have certain intensions when
communicating and understanding each other
• signal component
– during communication participants refer to a socially
adapted set of signs in order to transmit a message
• process component
– there are continuous changes during communication
One can't not communicate!
• Any kind of behaviour is communication
• Communication is an interactive process of sending and receiving messages
• Communication can be seen as the link between the sender’s and receiver’s internal
experiences

The effectiveness of any

communication depends on how
closely the receiver’s understanding
matches the sender’s intent

Sender and Receiver

SIGNAL
= a recognisable term, the sum of the
messages in interpersonal communication

SENDER The only message that RECEIVER

encodes the meaning matters deciphers this signal
in his mind to a signal is the one the other so that a similar meaning is
person receives
 stimulated in his mind
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Verbal and non-verbal signals

• Verbal signals • Verbal signals

– transmit the content – transmit the content
– are the words of the message – are the words of the message
– deal with speech, intonation, – deal with speech, intonation,
pitch, rhythm, etc. pitch, rhythm, etc

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A simple example from daily life
• Verbal example  Non-verbal example
„I am amused“ Somebody is laughing
– The sentence is spoken, the – In this case laughing is body
sense can be recognised by the language which can indicate the
different words and letters used fact, that the person is amused
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Congruent and incongruent messages
• congruent message • congruent message
– Verbal and non-verbal signals – Verbal and non-verbal signals
endorse each other endorse each other
– Example: Somebody who says – Example: Somebody who says
that he is unhappy and weeps that he is unhappy and weeps

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Implicit and explicit message
• Explicit message • Implicit message
– expresses – expresses
the information the information
directly indirectly

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